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Becker JH, Gao Y, Soucheray M, Pulido I, Kikuchi E, Rodríguez ML, Gandhi R, Lafuente-Sanchis A, Aupí M, Alcácer Fernández-Coronado J, Martín-Martorell P, Cremades A, Galbis-Caravajal JM, Alcácer J, Christensen CL, Simms P, Hess A, Asahina H, Kahle MP, Al-Shahrour F, Borgia JA, Lahoz A, Insa A, Juan O, Jänne PA, Wong KK, Carretero J, Shimamura T. CXCR7 Reactivates ERK Signaling to Promote Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in NSCLC. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4439-4452. [PMID: 31273063 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although EGFR mutant-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are clinically effective, acquired resistance can occur by reactivating ERK. We show using in vitro models of acquired EGFR TKI resistance with a mesenchymal phenotype that CXCR7, an atypical G protein-coupled receptor, activates the MAPK-ERK pathway via β-arrestin. Depletion of CXCR7 inhibited the MAPK pathway, significantly attenuated EGFR TKI resistance, and resulted in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. CXCR7 overexpression was essential in reactivation of ERK1/2 for the generation of EGFR TKI-resistant persister cells. Many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an EGFR kinase domain mutation, who progressed on EGFR inhibitors, demonstrated increased CXCR7 expression. These data suggest that CXCR7 inhibition could considerably delay and prevent the emergence of acquired EGFR TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: Increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 constitutes a mechanism of resistance to EGFR TKI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer through reactivation of ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Becker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Yandi Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ines Pulido
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eiki Kikuchi
- First department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - María L Rodríguez
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rutu Gandhi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | | | - Miguel Aupí
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Cremades
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Galbis-Caravajal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Alcácer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Quirónsalud Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Camilla L Christensen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia Simms
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ashley Hess
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Hajime Asahina
- First department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michael P Kahle
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Fatima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeffrey A Borgia
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Agustín Lahoz
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Julian Carretero
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Takeshi Shimamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. .,University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
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2
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Shah D, Wyatt D, Baker AT, Simms P, Peiffer DS, Fernandez M, Rakha E, Green A, Filipovic A, Miele L, Osipo C. Inhibition of HER2 Increases JAGGED1-dependent Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Role for Membrane JAGGED1. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4566-4578. [PMID: 29895705 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: HER2-positive breast cancer is driven by cells possessing stem-like properties of self-renewal and differentiation, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs are implicated in radiotherapy, chemotherapy resistance, and tumor recurrence. NOTCH promotes breast CSC survival and self-renewal, and overexpression of NOTCH1 and the NOTCH ligand JAGGED1 predict poor outcome. Resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+ breast cancer requires NOTCH1, and that combination of trastuzumab and a gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) prevents tumor relapse in xenograft models.Experimental Design: The current study investigates mechanisms by which HER2 tyrosine kinase activity regulates NOTCH-dependent CSC survival and tumor initiation.Results: Lapatinib-mediated HER2 inhibition shifts the population of HER2+ breast cancer cells from low membrane JAGGED1 expression to higher levels, independent of sensitivity to anti-HER2 treatment within the bulk cell population. This increase in membrane JAGGED1 is associated with higher NOTCH receptor expression, activation, and enrichment of CSCs in vitro and in vivo Importantly, lapatinib treatment results in growth arrest and cell death of JAGGED1 low-expressing cells while the JAGGED1 high-expressing cells continue to cycle. High membrane JAGGED1 protein expression predicts poor overall cumulative survival in women with HER2+ breast cancer.Conclusions: These results indicate that higher membrane JAGGED1 expression may be used to either predict response to anti-HER2 therapy or for detection of NOTCH-sensitive CSCs posttherapy. Sequential blockade of HER2 followed by JAGGED1 or NOTCH could be more effective than simultaneous blockade to prevent drug resistance and tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4566-78. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Shah
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Program, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Debra Wyatt
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Andrew T Baker
- Integrated Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Patricia Simms
- FACS Core Facility, Office of Research Services, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Daniel S Peiffer
- Integrated Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois.,MD/PhD Program, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Michelle Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Emad Rakha
- Departments of Histopathology and Medicine, University of Nottingham and University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Green
- Departments of Histopathology and Medicine, University of Nottingham and University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Clodia Osipo
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois
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3
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Hong CS, Sharma P, Yerneni SS, Simms P, Jackson EK, Whiteside TL, Boyiadzis M. Circulating exosomes carrying an immunosuppressive cargo interfere with cellular immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14684. [PMID: 29089618 PMCID: PMC5666018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small (30–150 nm) extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from plasma of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carry leukemia-associated antigens and multiple inhibitory molecules. Circulating exosomes can deliver suppressive cargos to immune recipient cells, inhibiting anti-tumor activities. Pre-therapy plasma of refractory/relapsed AML patients contains elevated levels of immunosuppressive exosomes which interfere with anti-leukemia functions of activated immune cells. We show that exosomes isolated from pre-therapy plasma of the AML patients receiving adoptive NK-92 cell therapy block anti-leukemia cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells and other NK-92 cell functions. NK-92 cells do not internalize AML exosomes. Instead, signaling via surface receptors expressed on NK-92 cells, AML exosomes simultaneously deliver multiple inhibitory ligands to the cognate receptors. The signals are processed downstream and activate multiple suppressive pathways in NK-92 cells. AML exosomes reprogram NK-92 cells, interfering with their anti-leukemia functions and reducing the therapeutic potential of adoptive cell transfers. Plasma-derived exosomes interfere with immune cells used for adoptive cell therapy and may limit expected therapeutic benefits of adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sook Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Patricia Simms
- FACS Core Facility, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Departments of Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Michael Boyiadzis
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Scheffel MJ, Scurti G, Simms P, Garrett-Mayer E, Mehrotra S, Nishimura MI, Voelkel-Johnson C. Efficacy of Adoptive T-cell Therapy Is Improved by Treatment with the Antioxidant N-Acetyl Cysteine, Which Limits Activation-Induced T-cell Death. Cancer Res 2017; 76:6006-6016. [PMID: 27742673 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although adoptive transfer of autologous tumor antigen-specific T-cell immunotherapy can produce remarkable clinical efficacy, most patients do not achieve durable complete responses. We hypothesized that reducing susceptibility of T cells to activation-induced cell death (AICD), which increases during the rapid in vitro expansion of therapeutic T cells before their infusion, might improve the persistence of adoptively transferred cells. Our investigations revealed that repetitive stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) induced AICD, as a result of activating the DNA damage response pathway through ATM-mediated Ser15 phosphorylation of p53. Activation of this DNA damage response pathway also occurred upon antigen-specific restimulation in TCR-transduced TIL1383I T cells prepared for adoptive transfer to patients as part of a clinical trial. Notably, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced upregulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX, subsequent ATM activation, and cell death. In the Pmel mouse model of melanoma, the presence of NAC during ex vivo T-cell expansion improved the persistence of adoptively transferred cells, reduced tumor growth, and increased survival. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for the addition of NAC to current therapeutic T-cell expansion protocols, offering immediate potential to improve the quality and therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapeutics infused into patients. Cancer Res; 76(20); 6006-16. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Scheffel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gina Scurti
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Patricia Simms
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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5
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Muller L, Simms P, Hong CS, Nishimura MI, Jackson EK, Watkins SC, Whiteside TL. Human tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) regulate Treg functions via cell surface signaling rather than uptake mechanisms. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1261243. [PMID: 28919985 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1261243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) are ubiquitously present in the tumor microenvironment and plasma of cancer patients. TEX carry a cargo of multiple stimulatory and inhibitory molecules and deliver them to recipient cells, serving as a communication network for the tumor. The mechanisms TEX use for delivering messages to recipient cells were evaluated using PKH26-labeled TEX produced by cultured human tumor cells, exosomes produced by dendritic cells-derived exosomes (DEX), or exosomes isolated from plasma of cancer patients (EXO). Human T-cell subsets, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes were co-incubated with TEX, DEX, or EXO and binding or internalization of labeled vesicles was evaluated by confocal microscopy and/or Amnis-based flow cytometry. Vesicle-induced Ca2+ influx in recipient T cells was monitored, and TEX-induced inosine production in Treg was determined by mass spectrometry. In contrast to B cells, NK cells or monocytes, conventional T cells did not internalize labeled vesicles. Minimal exosome uptake was only evident in Treg following prolonged co-incubation with TEX. All exosomes induced Ca2+ influx in T cells, with TEX and EXO isolated from cancer patients' plasma delivering the strongest, sustained signaling to Treg. Such sustained signaling resulted in the significant upregulation of the conversion of extracellular ATP to inosine (adenosine metabolite) by Treg, suggesting that TEX signaling could have functional consequences in these recipient cells. Thus, modulation of Treg suppressor functions by TEX is mediated by mechanisms dependent on cell surface signaling and does not require TEX internalization by recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Muller
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Simms
- Loyola University Chicago, Oncology Research Institute, Maywood, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Sook Hong
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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6
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Thompson MG, Larson M, Vidrine A, Barrios K, Navarro F, Meyers K, Simms P, Prajapati K, Chitsike L, Hellman LM, Baker BM, Watkins SK. FOXO3-NF-κB RelA Protein Complexes Reduce Proinflammatory Cell Signaling and Function. J Immunol 2015; 195:5637-47. [PMID: 26561547 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, are immune suppressive. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism involving FOXO3 and NF-κB RelA that controls myeloid cell signaling and impacts their immune-suppressive nature. We find that FOXO3 binds NF-κB RelA in the cytosol, impacting both proteins by preventing FOXO3 degradation and preventing NF-κB RelA nuclear translocation. The location of protein-protein interaction was determined to be near the FOXO3 transactivation domain. In turn, NF-κB RelA activation was restored upon deletion of the same sequence in FOXO3 containing the DNA binding domain. We have identified for the first time, to our knowledge, a direct protein-protein interaction between FOXO3 and NF-κB RelA in tumor-associated DCs. These detailed biochemical interactions provide the foundation for future studies to use the FOXO3-NF-κB RelA interaction as a target to enhance tumor-associated DC function to support or enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Thompson
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Michelle Larson
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Amy Vidrine
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Kelly Barrios
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Flor Navarro
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Kaitlyn Meyers
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Patricia Simms
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Kushal Prajapati
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Lennox Chitsike
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Lance M Hellman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Stephanie K Watkins
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
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7
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Kesarwani P, Al-Khami AA, Scurti G, Thyagarajan K, Kaur N, Husain S, Fang Q, Naga OS, Simms P, Beeson G, Voelkel-Johnson C, Garrett-Mayer E, Beeson CC, Nishimura MI, Mehrotra S. Promoting thiol expression increases the durability of antitumor T-cell functions. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6036-6047. [PMID: 25164014 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo-expanded CD8(+) T cells used for adoptive immunotherapy generally acquire an effector memory-like phenotype (TEM cells). With regard to therapeutic applications, two undesired features of this phenotype in vivo are limited persistence and reduced antitumor efficacy, relative to CD8(+) T cells with a central memory-like phenotype (TCM cells). Furthermore, there is incomplete knowledge about all the differences between TEM and TCM cells that may influence tumor treatment outcomes. Given that TCM cells survive relatively longer in oxidative tumor microenvironments, we investigated the hypothesis that TCM cells possess relatively greater antioxidative capacity than TEM cells. Here, we report that TCM cells exhibit a relative increase compared with TEM cells in the expression of cell surface thiols, a key target of cellular redox controls, along with other antioxidant molecules. Increased expression of redox regulators in TCM cells inversely correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, proliferative capacity, and glycolytic enzyme levels. Notably, T-cell receptor-transduced T cells pretreated with thiol donors, such as N-acetyl cysteine or rapamycin, upregulated thiol levels and antioxidant genes. A comparison of antitumor CD8(+) T-cell populations on the basis of surface thiol expression showed that thiol-high cells persisted longer in vivo and exerted superior tumor control. Our results suggest that higher levels of reduced cell surface thiols are a key characteristic of T cells that can control tumor growth and that profiling this biomarker may have benefits to adoptive T-cell immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kesarwani
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Amir A Al-Khami
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Gina Scurti
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Maywood, IL 60153
| | | | - Navtej Kaur
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Osama S Naga
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Patricia Simms
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Gyda Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | | | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | | | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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8
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Nagato K, Scurti G, Moxley K, Wang X, Seetharaman A, Simms P, Motohashi S, Yoshino I, Nakayama T, Nishimura M. Human antigen-specific invariant NKT cells generated by the TIL 1383I T cell receptor gene transfer (P2098). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.132.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells) are a novel lymphocyte population characterized by an invariant T-cell receptor (Vα24/Vβ11). iNKT cells activated with αGalCer and IL-2 have been shown to produce large amounts of cytokines such as IFN-γ and also have potent killing activity against various tumor cell lines. One major hurdle to studying the anti-tumor activity of iNKT cells is they don’t recognize antigens presented by classical MHC molecules and their tumor antigen specificity is unknown. Therefore, we expressed the MHC class I restricted TIL 1383I TCR into iNKT cells to better study their biology and anti-tumor activity. The 1383I TCR is a high affinity TCR that recognizes the melanoma antigen tyrosinase presented by HLA-A2. In this study, we report the production and function of the TIL 1383I TCR transduced human iNKT cells. iNKT cells were activated and expanded from normal PBMCs by stimulating them with αGalCer in the presence of IL-2 and IL-15. The iNKT cells were isolated using iNKT magnetic beads and transduced using retroviral vectors encoding the TIL 1383I TCR. The TIL 1383I TCR transduced iNKT expression was measured by flow cytometry (FACS) and their anti-tumor activity by intracellular cytokine staining. The TIL 1383I TCR transduced iNKT cells specifically produced IFN-γ in response to tyrosinase peptide loaded T2 cells and HLA-A2+/tyrosinase+ human melanomas. These results indicate that iNKT cells can be engineered to recognize normal tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Nagato
- 1Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Gina Scurti
- 1Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Kelly Moxley
- 1Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Xinxin Wang
- 1Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Aravind Seetharaman
- 1Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Patricia Simms
- 1Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- 2Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yoshino
- 3Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- 4Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michael Nishimura
- 1Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
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9
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Boos C, Simms P, Morris FR, Fertout M. The Use of Exercise and Dietary Supplements Among British Soldiers in Afghanistan. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2011; 157:229-32. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-157-03-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Steiner S, Hompesch M, Pohl R, Simms P, Flacke F, Mohr T, Pfützner A, Heinemann L. A novel insulin formulation with a more rapid onset of action. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1602-6. [PMID: 18641968 PMCID: PMC2516197 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study evaluates the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the novel ultra-fast insulin product VIAject, a formulation of human soluble insulin and generally recognised as safe ingredients designed to increase the rate of absorption. METHODS We performed five euglycaemic glucose clamps (Biostator; target blood glucose 5 mmol/l) in ten healthy volunteers. Using a crossover design with a fixed treatment order, 12 IU human soluble insulin, 12 U insulin lispro and 12 IU ultra-fast insulin were injected s.c. in the abdominal region on three study days. On the other two study days, 6 and 3 IU ultra-fast insulin were injected. RESULTS Subcutaneous injection of 12 IU ultra-fast insulin resulted in a time-action profile characterised by an even more rapid onset of action and maximal metabolic activity than insulin lispro: time to early half-maximal activity was 33 +/- 17 min (mean +/- SD) vs insulin lispro 51 +/- 13 min vs human soluble insulin 66 +/- 15 min (p < 0.05 ultra-fast insulin<insulin lispro<human soluble insulin); time to maximal activity was 136 +/- 56 min vs insulin lispro 152 +/- 30 min vs human soluble insulin 193 +/- 57 min (p < 0.05 ultra-fast insulin and insulin lispro<human soluble insulin). The metabolic activity in the first 2 h after injection was higher with ultra-fast insulin and insulin lispro than with human soluble insulin (AUC glucose infusion rate [GIR] 0-120 min: 915 +/- 301 and 781 +/- 174 vs 580 +/- 164 mg/kg; p < 0.05). A clear dose-response relationship was observed with the three doses of ultra-fast insulin: AUCGIR 0-120 min 12 IU 915 +/- 301 vs 6 IU 718 +/- 255 vs 3 IU 524 +/- 262 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The pharmacokinetic data confirmed the pharmacodynamic results. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study shows that the onset of action of VIAject is faster than that of human soluble insulin and insulin lispro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Hompesch
- Profil Institute for Clinical Research, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L. Heinemann
- Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung, D-41460 Neuss, Germany
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Flacke F, Pfützner A, Heinemann L, Pohl R, Sonnleitner S, Simms P, Steiner SS, Hompesch M. Die kurzwirksame Normalinsulinformulierung VIAject hat bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes ein breiteres therapeutisches Fenster bei der Dosisfindung als Normalinsulin. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Flacke F, Bülow E, Simms P, Heinemann L, Forst T, Steiner S, Pfützner A, Hompesch M. Qualität der postprandialen Blutzuckereinstellung nach einer Testmahlzeit: Direkter Vergleich zwischen VIAject™ und Normalinsulin bei Patienten mit Typ 1 Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Steiner S, Hompesch M, Pohl R, Simms P, Pfützner A, Forst T, Heinemann L. Pharmacodynamic properties of Viaject™: A novel rapid-acting regular human insulin. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mohr T, Bülow E, Steiner S, Pohl R, Simms P, Forst T, Heinemann L, Pfützner A, Hompesch M. Pharmakokinetische Eigenschaften einer neuartigen Normalinsulin-Formulierung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Kaufmann AM, Gissmann L, Simms P, Schreckenberger C, Qiao L. Comparison of cytokines and CD80 for enhancement of immunogenicity of cervical cancer cells. Immunobiology 2000; 202:339-52. [PMID: 11131151 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(00)80038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells fail to activate specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes due to lack of costimulatory molecules e.g. CD80 (B7.1). We were able to render cervical carcinoma cells immunogenic by introduction of the CD80 gene into the tumor cells. In order to enhance the efficiency of T cell activation we investigated whether addition of interleukins would augment immunostimulation by CD80. To this end, allogeneic T cells were stimulated with CD80-expressing HeLa cells or CaSki cells in the absence or presence of IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, or combinations thereof. The proliferative response of the T cells was determined. CD80-transduced HeLa or CaSki cells induced a stronger proliferative response in allogeneic T cells than parental or mock transfected control cells. All three interleukins enhanced the proliferative response of allogeneic T cells to CD80-expressing tumor cells. IL-2 or IL-7 had stronger effects in expanding the T cells than IL-12. Combination of IL-2 and IL-7 resulted in best T cell expansion. The proliferating T cells were mainly CD8+ cells with MHC class I restricted and unrestricted cytotoxic activity. Stimulation with CD80 alone or in combination with IL-7 induced mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes. IL-2, IL-12 or the combination of IL-2 and IL-7 induced natural killer cell-like activity and specific cytolytic activity against parental and CD80-positive tumor cells. Our data suggest that the expression of both CD80 and IL-2 plus IL-7 can enhance the efficacy of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kaufmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neonatal thrombocytopenia occurs commonly in neonatal intensive care units. The role of the thrombopoietin (Tpo) system in normal neonatal platelet regulation and neonatal thrombocytopenia is not well understood. The purpose of our study was to: 1) determine the normal Tpo level at birth in healthy nonthrombocytopenic term (NTT) and nonthrombocytopenic preterm (NTP) infants and in infants born to women with preeclampsia; and 2) measure Tpo levels in infants during and after the resolution of thrombocytopenia. Characterizing Tpo levels in the healthy and thrombocytopenic newborn is an important step in furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of neonatal thrombocytopenia. METHODS This study is comprised of 2 parts. For the first part, cord blood was obtained at birth from both term (gestational age [GA]: 38-42 weeks) and preterm (GA: 25-36 weeks) infants. If birth platelet levels were >/=140 x 10(3)/microL and the infant fit criteria for being normal, or if the infant was born to a women with preeclampsia, Tpo levels were measured. For the second part, serial Tpo levels and concomitant platelet counts (Plts) were measured in both preterm and term infants during a period of marked thromboctyopenia (Plt < 100 x 10(3)/microL) until its resolution (Plt >/= 140 x 10(3)/microL). RESULTS Median cord blood Tpo levels from NTP infants (n = 35) were higher than those of NTT infants (n = 32; 95 pg/mL vs 48 pg/mL, respectively). In addition, preterm infants born to women with preeclampsia (n = 11) had lower Tpo levels than NTP infants with a similar GA (<41 pg/mL vs 95 pg/mL). For infants with marked thrombocytopenia, median Tpo levels during thrombocytopenia were similar between term (n = 12) and preterm (n = 14) groups (223 pg/mL and 179 pg/mL, respectively), with the majority of individuals showing a decrease in Tpo with resolution of thrombocytopenia. Within each group, there was large variability in the Tpo response to thrombocytopenia. IMPRESSION These data show that the Tpo system is intact in NTP and NTT neonates. Preeclampsia may be an example of a disorder that perturbs this system. The great variability in Tpo levels seen in infants during thrombocytopenia may be related to the mechanism of thrombocytopenia. The finding that, in general, Tpo levels decreased with resolution of thrombocytopenia is consistent with what has been described in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Albert
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94131, USA
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Poston RS, Robbins RC, Chan B, Simms P, Presta L, Jardieu P, Morris RE. Effects of humanized monoclonal antibody to rhesus CD11a in rhesus monkey cardiac allograft recipients. Transplantation 2000; 69:2005-13. [PMID: 10852588 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200005270-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, CD11a) monoclonal antibody (mAb) affects many leukocyte functions without cell depletion. We hypothesized that the use of a humanized, anti-rhesus modified LFA-1 mAb (H2C12) in rhesus monkeys would cause: (1) prolonged heart allograft survival, (2) inhibition of primary but not secondary antibody responses, and (3) minimal drug toxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS Control (n=5) and H2C12-treated (n=7) (8-20 mg/kg i.v. on day -1 followed by 10 mg/kg/day) adult male rhesus recipients were inoculated with GP120 protein antigen on day -28 and -1 and grafted with heterotopic abdominal hearts (day 0). Donor-recipient pairs were equally MLR mismatched (4329.8+/-1124.1 CPM controls vs. 7289.0+/-1926.5 treated, P=NS). Mean heart allograft survival as evaluated by daily abdominal palpation was significantly prolonged in high dose recipients (23.0+/-2.6, n=4) vesus controls (8.2+/-1.3, n=5, P<0.02, Mann-Whitney U test). H2C12 treatment did not produce signs of cytokine release or toxicity, was nondepleting, but down-modulated PBL CD11a expression to 43.4+/-3.6% (n=4) of control levels (n=5) at day 7 as demonstrated by flow cytometry. It had no effect on postoperative Con A or MLR and did not prevent mAb clearance due to the rhesus-antihuman antibody response. The addition of mycophenolate mofitil prevented rhesus-antihuman antibody response with therapeutic H2C12 levels seen for >35 days. CONCLUSIONS The use of this mAb to block CD11a had the benefit of being a well tolerated, highly targeted therapy. These are the first results showing that monotherapy with anti-leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 mAb prolonged survival of MLR mismatched allogenic cardiac grafts in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Poston
- Transplantation Immunology, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5247, USA
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Abstract
Ultrasound is being increasingly used in the diagnosis of the soft tissue foreign body (FB), in particular for the nonradio-opaque materials which may not be visualized with conventional radiography (Fornage & Schernberg 1986). A simple technique for ultrasound guided FB extraction under local anaesthesia is described, and comment is made upon our preliminary experience and pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bradley
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Walton Hospital, Liverpool
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van Heyningen C, Simms P. Guidelines for out-of-hours clinical chemistry investigations. Clin Chem 1990; 36:2151-2. [PMID: 2253376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mobarhan S, Bowen P, Andersen B, Evans M, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Sugerman S, Simms P, Lucchesi D, Friedman H. Effects of beta-carotene repletion on beta-carotene absorption, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil superoxide formation in young men. Nutr Cancer 1990; 14:195-206. [PMID: 1964728 DOI: 10.1080/01635589009514094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemopreventive effects of beta-carotene are usually attributed to its antioxidant properties. To determine the effects of beta-carotene supplementation on different parameters of oxidative metabolism, 15 normal young male subjects (18-30 yrs) were placed on a carotenoid-free liquid diet for two weeks prior to entry into the study. Blood was then measured for five carotenoids, retinol, retinyl palmitate, retinol-binding protein, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, zinc, lipid peroxides, and neutrophil superoxide production. Absorption tests were performed with 15 mg of beta-carotene to determine absorption curves for each subject. Subjects were then divided into two groups and given either 15 (n = 7) or 120 (n = 8) mg of beta-carotene daily for four weeks along with the same carotenoid-free liquid diet. The absorption test and the blood measurements were repeated. After repletion with beta-carotene, serum lipid peroxide levels decreased in both groups (p less than 0.05), but no other changes were noted in either the neutrophil superoxide production or in the levels of any of the vitamins measured. In contrast to vitamin E, the superoxide scavenging ability of beta-carotene apparently does not contribute to its effects in lowering serum lipid peroxide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mobarhan
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153
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Gleadhill DN, Thomson JY, Simms P. Can more efficient use be made of x ray examinations in the accident and emergency department? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 294:943-7. [PMID: 3107669 PMCID: PMC1246007 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.294.6577.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing workloads in our radiology department prompted a study of casualty officers' use of x ray examinations, of which there were 5463 in the period. While casualty officers were in post referrals for x ray examination did not become more selective, but skills in interpreting films improved. Overall, 4.9% of trauma radiographs were misinterpreted, but this fell from 7.1% to 2.9% during tenure of post. One in four errors was clinically important. Clinical guidelines for selective radiography produced a significant and sustained reduction in the number of x ray examinations requested by the department. Analysis of one common injury indicated that the quality of patient care was not adversely affected. The number of x ray examinations carried out in the accident and emergency department can be reduced by using guidelines, and this does not compromise the quality of patient care. Appreciable savings may be made in patients' waiting times and radiodiagnostic expenditure.
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Allibon JR, Filhol A, Lehmann MS, Mason SA, Simms P. Use of a single-stage, closed-cycle cryorefrigerator for routine measurements at moderately low temperatures on a four-circle neutron diffractometer. J Appl Crystallogr 1981. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889881009473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Simms P. An adjustable diaphragm/collimator for neutron diffraction experiments. J Appl Crystallogr 1981. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889881008662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Filhol A, Reynal JM, Savariault JM, Simms P, Thomas M. Cooling to 10 K on a four-circle diffractometer by means of a double-stage cryorefrigerator. J Appl Crystallogr 1980. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889880012265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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