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Ying P, Li Z, Sun R, Xu X. Complementary label learning based on knowledge distillation. Math Biosci Eng 2023; 20:17905-17918. [PMID: 38052542 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Complementary label learning (CLL) is a type of weakly supervised learning method that utilizes the category of samples that do not belong to a certain class to learn their true category. However, current CLL methods mainly rely on rewriting classification losses without fully leveraging the supervisory information in complementary labels. Therefore, enhancing the supervised information in complementary labels is a promising approach to improve the performance of CLL. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called Complementary Label Enhancement based on Knowledge Distillation (KDCL) to address the lack of attention given to complementary labels. KDCL consists of two deep neural networks: a teacher model and a student model. The teacher model focuses on softening complementary labels to enrich the supervision information in them, while the student model learns from the complementary labels that have been softened by the teacher model. Both the teacher and student models are trained on the dataset that contains only complementary labels. To evaluate the effectiveness of KDCL, we conducted experiments on four datasets, namely MNIST, F-MNIST, K-MNIST and CIFAR-10, using two sets of teacher-student models (Lenet-5+MLP and DenseNet-121+ResNet-18) and three CLL algorithms (PC, FWD and SCL-NL). Our experimental results demonstrate that models optimized by KDCL outperform those trained only with complementary labels in terms of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ying
- School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhongnian Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Renke Sun
- School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xinzheng Xu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Peilin W, Ying P, Renyuan W, Zhuoxuan L, Zhenwu Y, Mai Z, Jianguo S, Hao Z, Gang Y, Lin L, Haodong L. Size-dependent gold nanoparticles induce macrophage M2 polarization and promote intracellular clearance of Staphylococcus aureus to alleviate tissue infection. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100700. [PMID: 37455821 PMCID: PMC10338365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue infection typically results from blood transmission or the direct inoculation of bacteria following trauma. The pathogen-induced destruction of tissue prevents antibiotics from penetrating the infected site, and severe inflammation further impairs the efficacy of conventional treatment. The current study describes the size-dependent induction of macrophage polarization using gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 nm (Au50) can induce M2 polarization in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and stimulate an inflammatory response in the environment by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway LPS. Furthermore, the induced polarization and anti-inflammatory effects of the Au50 nanoparticles promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. In addition, the overexpression of TREM2 in macrophage induced by Au50 nanoparticles was found to promote macrophage phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus, enhance the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, accelerate the intracellular degradation of S. aureus, in addition to achieving an effective local treatment of osteomyelitis and infectious skin defects in conjunction with inflammatory regulation and accelerating bone regeneration. The findings, therefore, demonstrate that Au50 nanoparticles can be utilized as a promising nanomaterial for in vivo treatment of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Peilin
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peng Ying
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wang Renyuan
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Li Zhuoxuan
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Zhenwu
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhao Mai
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Song Jianguo
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhang Hao
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yin Gang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Chemical and Environmental, Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Lin Haodong
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
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Huang Z, Chen W, Zhang S, Zhao T, Fan Y, Ying P, Li J. Health Informatics Study of Related Complications Relating to Upper Arm Implantable Intravenous Infusion Port in Breast Cancer Patients. j med imaging hlth inform 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In order to explore the clinical application effect of the upper arm venous infusion port, analyze the prevention and treatment effect of catheter rupture of the upper arm venous infusion port, and conduct a series of studies on postoperative related complications,
as well as analyze the prevention and treatment of catheter rupture of the upper arm venous infusion port effect using chest radiography and computed tomography. Methods: We collected clinical data of 98 patients implanted in the upper arm venous infusion port in the Second Affiliated
Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hangzhou Shulan Hospital from January to December 2017, divided the 98 patients into two groups, and gave 49 patients in group A Based on the patient’s basic intervention, 49 patients in group B were given prevention
and treatment intervention of catheter rupture, and the intervention effects of the two groups were compared. Consult the nursing records during the hospitalization and maintenance period after the implantation of the upper arm vein infusion port, summarize the complications, analyze the causes,
and discuss the formulation of feasible nursing countermea-sures. Results: 98 patients were followed up for 5-16 months, with a median follow-up time of 10 months. Within 2 weeks after implantation of the upper arm vein infusion port and during discharge maintenance, the incidence of
complications was 24.49% (24/98), 8.16% (8/98), the difference in the incidence of complications between the two time periods was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among them, common complications include incision bleeding at the port body, poor healing of the incision, local
swelling, obstruction of catheter withdrawal, extravasation of transfusion at the port body, catheter blockage, catheter displacement, and catheter-related thrombosis. There was a difference in the incidence of catheter rupture, catheter rupture time, and patient satisfaction after intervention
between the two groups of intravenous implantation patients (P < 0.05), which was statistically significant. Conclusions: Complications within 2 weeks after implantation of the upper arm venous infusion port are significantly higher than the maintenance period. Among them,
infusion extravasation, catheter-related thrombosis, catheter blockage, and catheter displacement at the port body are serious complications that directly affect the use of the upper arm infusion port . The prevention and treatment of catheter rupture for patients who have used implanted intravenous
infusion ports for a long time has significant effects, which can reduce the occurrence of catheter rupture and ensure the safety of patients’ lives and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyong Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Peng Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Huang Z, Li Y, Zhao T, Ying P, Fan Y, Li J. Infusion port level detection for intravenous infusion based on Yolo v3 neural network. Math Biosci Eng 2021; 18:3491-3501. [PMID: 34198397 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to improve the accuracy of liquid level detection in intravenous left auxiliary vein infusion and reduce the pain of patients with blood returning from intravenous infusion, we propose a deep learning based liquid level detection model of infusion levels to facilitate this operation. METHOD We implemented a Yolo v3-based detection model of infusion level images in intravenous infusion, and at the same time, compare it with SURF image processing technique, RCNN, and Fast-RCNN methods. RESULTS The model in this paper is better than the comparison algorithm in Intersection over Union (IoU), precision, recall and test time. The liquid level detection model based on Yolo v3 has a precision of 0.9768, a recall rate of 0.9688, an IoU of 0.8943, and a test time of 2.9 s. CONCLUSION The experimental results prove that the liquid level detection method based on deep learning has the characteristics of high accuracy and good real-time performance. This method can play a certain auxiliary role in the hospital environment and improve work efficiency of medical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyong Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, China
| | - Peng Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, China
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Ying P, Zeng P, Lu J, Chen H, Liao X, Yang N. New Oxidovanadium Complexes Incorporating Thiosemicarbazones and 1, 10-Phenanthroline Derivatives as DNA Cleavage, Potential Anticancer Agents, and Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:926-37. [PMID: 25659415 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Four novel oxidovanadium(IV) complexes, [VO(hntdtsc)(PHIP)] (1) (hntdtsc = 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, PHIP= 2-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline), [VO(hntdtsc)(DPPZ)](2)(DPPZ= dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine), [VO(satsc)(PHIP)](3) (satsc=salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone), and [VO(satsc)(DPPZ)](4), have been prepared and characterized. The chemical nuclease activities and photocleavage reactions of the complexes were tested. All four complexes can efficiently cleave pBR322 DNA, and complex 1 has the best cleaving ability. The antitumor properties of these complexes were examined with three different tumor cell lines using MTT assay. Their antitumor mechanism has been analyzed using cell cycle analysis, fluorescence microscopy of apoptosis, and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. The results showed that the growth of human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y, SK-N-SH) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were inhibited significantly with very low IC50 values. Complex 1 was found to be the most potent antitumor agent among the four complexes. It can cause G0/G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle and exhibited significant induced apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells and displayed typical morphological apoptotic characteristics. In addition, they all displayed reasonable abilities to scavenge hydroxyl radical, and complex 1 was the best inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ying
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pengfei Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiazheng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiangwen Liao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Clinical pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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Ying P, Serife AG, Deyang Y, Ying G. Top-down mass spectrometry of cardiac myofilament proteins in health and disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:554-68. [PMID: 24945106 PMCID: PMC4231170 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myofilaments are composed of thin and thick filaments that coordinate with each other to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation. PTMs together with genetic variations and alternative splicing of the myofilament proteins play essential roles in regulating cardiac contractility in health and disease. Therefore, a comprehensive characterization of the myofilament proteins in physiological and pathological conditions is essential for better understanding the molecular basis of cardiac function and dysfunction. Due to the vast complexity and dynamic nature of proteins, it is challenging to obtain a holistic view of myofilament protein modifications. In recent years, top-down MS has emerged as a powerful approach to study isoform composition and PTMs of proteins owing to its advantage of complete sequence coverage and its ability to identify PTMs and sequence variants without a priori knowledge. In this review, we will discuss the application of top-down MS to the study of cardiac myofilaments and highlight the insights it provides into the understanding of molecular mechanisms in contractile dysfunction of heart failure. Particularly, recent results of cardiac troponin and tropomyosin modifications will be elaborated. The limitations and perspectives on the use of top-down MS for myofilament protein characterization will also be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ying
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ayaz-Guner Serife
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yu Deyang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ge Ying
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Ying P. Synthesis, DNA-binding, Photocleavage and in vitro Cytotoxicity of Novel Imidazole[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline-based Oxovanadium Complexes. Med Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Liao X, Pan W, He R, Guo H, Ying P, Lu J. Unsymmetrical Oxovanadium Complexes Derived from Salicylaldehyde and Phenanthroline: Synthesis, DNA Interactions, and Antitumor Activities. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 83:367-78. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Liao
- School of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Weijian Pan
- School of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Rongwei He
- School of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Peng Ying
- School of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jiazheng Lu
- School of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
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Wang Z, Ying P, Li P, Zhang D, Huang H, Tian H, Zhang Y. Switching suppression and enhancement of fluorescence and six-wave mixing by phase modulation. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3417. [PMID: 24301522 PMCID: PMC3849641 DOI: 10.1038/srep03417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion between enhancement and suppression in six-wave mixing (SWM) and fluorescence signals by phase modulation has demonstrated for the first time. It is observed in our experiment the suppression of SWM and fluorescence is transformed into enhancement in company with the switch from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the transmitted probe with the relative phase changed from 0 to π/2. Our research could be potentially applied in optical communication and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Liao X, Lu J, Ying P, Zhao P, Bai Y, Li W, Liu M. DNA binding, antitumor activities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties of novel oxovanadium(IV) complexes with substituted isoniazid. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:975-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hong T, Heling W, Haihua L, Yu K, Ying P, Wenxia Z. CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF CAROTID ARTERIAL WAVE INTENSITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ying P, Jin G, Tao Z. [Study on the adsorption of collagen onto surfaces with imaging ellipsometry]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2001; 18:351-6. [PMID: 11605487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of collagen onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces was studied with imaging ellipsometry in different pH, adsorption time, ion strength and BSA existence. The results showed that there was more collagen adsorbed onto hydrophobic surfaces than onto hydrophilic surfaces. The maximum collagen adsorption was observed at pH 7.2. The existence of BSA affected the adsorption of collagen onto hydrophobic surfaces more than that onto hydrophilic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ying
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080
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13
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Jiang X, Ou Z, Ying P, Yediler A, Ketrrup A. [Transportation and transformation of 14C-phenanthrene in closed chamber (nutrient solution-lava-plant-air) system]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2001; 12:451-4. [PMID: 11758435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The transportation and transformation of 14C-phenanthrene in a closed 'plant-lava-nutrient solution-air' chamber system was studied by using radioactivity technology. The results showed that in this closed chamber system, phenanthrene was degraded fast. The radioactivity of 14C left at 23d in the nutrient solution was only 25% of applied. At the end of experiment (46d), the distribution sequence of 14C activity in the components of closed chamber system was root (38.55%) > volatile organic compounds (VOCs, 17.68%) > lava (14.35%) > CO2 (11.42%) > stem (2%). 14C-activities in plant tissue were combined with the tissue, and existed in the forms of lava-bound(root 4.68%; stem and leaves 0.68%) and polar metabolites (root 23.14%; stem 0.78%).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jiang
- Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016.
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14
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Liu W, Ou Z, Ying P. [Soil macropore and its studying methodology]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2001; 12:465-8. [PMID: 11758439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the definition, size, types, formation of soil macropores. Soil macropore (> 0.03 mm) is the pore space that provides preferential paths of flow. The shape of macropore varies from crack or fissure, through to cylindrical pipe. Macropore is formed in main ways: by plant roots and soil fauna; wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles; chemical weathering. The studying method of macropore divided into direct measurement and indirect description, which suitability and limitation are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016.
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15
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Ying P, Wang Z, Jin G, Tao Z. [Using self-assembled monolayers to understand the interactions of surfaces with cells]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2001; 18:276-9. [PMID: 11450553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the interactions of surfaces with cells. Self-assembled monolayers formed on the adsorption of long-chain alkanethiols to the surface of gold or alkylsilanes to hydroxylated surfaces and their patterned surfaces permit of understanding and controlling over the surface-cell interactions at the molecular scale. The present paper reviewed the latest research in using patterned self-assembled monolayers to understand surface-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ying
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080
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16
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Li Y, Liang C, Slemenda CW, Ji R, Sun S, Cao J, Emsley CL, Ma F, Wu Y, Ying P, Zhang Y, Gao S, Zhang W, Katz BP, Niu S, Cao S, Johnston CC. Effect of long-term exposure to fluoride in drinking water on risks of bone fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:932-9. [PMID: 11341339 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.5.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Findings on the risk of bone fractures associated with long-term fluoride exposure from drinking water have been contradictory. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bone fracture, including hip fracture, in six Chinese populations with water fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 7.97 parts per million (ppm). A total of 8266 male and female subjects > or =50 years of age were enrolled. Parameters evaluated included fluoride exposure, prevalence of bone fractures, demographics, medical history, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. The results confirmed that drinking water was the only major source of fluoride exposure in the study populations. A U-shaped pattern was detected for the relationship between the prevalence of bone fracture and water fluoride level. The prevalence of overall bone fracture was lowest in the population of 1.00-1.06 ppm fluoride in drinking water, which was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the groups exposed to water fluoride levels > or =4.32 and < or =0.34 ppm. The prevalence of hip fractures was highest in the group with the highest water fluoride (4.32-7.97 ppm). The value is significantly higher than the population with 1.00-1.06 ppm water fluoride, which had the lowest prevalence rate. It is concluded that long-term fluoride exposure from drinking water containing > or =4.32 ppm increases the risk of overall fractures as well as hip fractures. Water fluoride levels at 1.00-1.06 ppm decrease the risk of overall fractures relative to negligible fluoride in water; however, there does not appear to be similar protective benefits for the risk of hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, California 92350, USA
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17
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Ni Y, Ou Z, Ying P. [Preferential flow and its effect on solute migration in soil]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2001; 12:103-7. [PMID: 11813410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of soil preferential flow and the preferential migrate in soil for non-absorptive bromide and nitrate ions were studied. With undisturbed and packed soil columns, the results showed that soil preferential flow was characterized with preferential breakthrough, non-symmetric breakthrough curve, lateral infiltration, tailing and so on. The preferential breakthrough for Br- was 24 hours after it was applied, and the leachate volume was only 0.04 times as-much as the pore volumes. The preferential flow for Br- accounted for 26% of total flux in the undisturbed soil columns. But the accumulative leachate mass for Br- resulted from the preferential flow were 86.7% of total accumulative leachate mass, showing that the soil preferential flow accounted for relative small ratio of the flux, but caused relative much more solute transference. NO3- was moved down rapidly by preferential flow at only one time as large as pore volumes, and got 11% of the applied amount, respectively. As a result of the preferential flow, the lateral infiltration flow enabled Br- and NO3- rapidly distribute and diffuse into the deeper soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016.
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Emsley CL, Gao S, Li Y, Liang C, Ji R, Hall KS, Cao J, Ma F, Wu Y, Ying P, Zhang Y, Sun S, Unverzagt FW, Slemenda CW, Hendrie HC. Trace element levels in drinking water and cognitive function among elderly Chinese. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151:913-20. [PMID: 10791564 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation between trace element levels in drinking water and cognitive function was investigated in a population-based study of elderly residents (n = 1,016) in rural China in 1996-1997. Cognitive function was measured using a Chinese translation of the Community Screening Interview for Dementia. A mixed effects model was used to evaluate the effect of each of the elements on cognitive function while adjusting for age, sex, and educational level. Several of the elements examined had a significant effect on cognitive function when they were assessed in a univariate context. However, after adjustment for other elements, many of these results were not significant. There was a significant quadratic effect for calcium and a significant zinc-cadmium interaction. Cognitive function increased with calcium level up to a certain point and then decreased as calcium continued to increase. Zinc showed a positive relation with cognitive function at low cadmium levels but a negative relation at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Emsley
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA
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Ruxun H, Ying P. F024 Hypertension inducing cerebrovascular damage and effecting on cerebral infarction. Atherosclerosis 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)84596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ying P, Shakibaei M, Patankar MS, Clavijo P, Beavis RC, Clark GF, Frevert U. The malaria circumsporozoite protein: interaction of the conserved regions I and II-plus with heparin-like oligosaccharides in heparan sulfate. Exp Parasitol 1997; 85:168-82. [PMID: 9030667 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1996.4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The malaria circumsporozoite (CS) protein binds to glycosaminoglycans from heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface of hepatocytes and is specifically cleared from the bloodstream by the liver. We show here that the two conserved regions, I and II-plus, of the CS protein, in a concerted action, preferentially bind to highly sulfated heparin-like oligosaccharides in heparan sulfate. In a concentration-dependent manner, peptides representing region I and region II-plus inhibited the binding of recombinant CS protein to HepG2 cells by 62 and 84%, respectively. Furthermore, the action of endoproteinase Arg-C, which cleaves the recombinant CS constructs CS27IVC and CSFZ(Cys) predominantly at the conserved region I, was inhibited by heparin in a concentration-dependent fashion. CSFZ(Cys), which has a higher affinity to HSPGs than CS27IVC, was stabilized by heparin at a w/w ratio (CS protein:glycosaminoglycan) of 20/1, whereas full protection of CS27IVC required more heparin (5/1). Heparan sulfate provided full protection of CSFZ(Cys) only at a ratio of 1/10. Native fucoidan as well as normally sulfated fuco-oligosaccharides (0.76 mol sulfate/mol fucose) inhibited Plasmodium berghei development in HepG2 cells by 84 and 66%, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner and sporozoite invasion into CHO cells by 80%. Desulfated fucoidan oligosaccharides were inactive. These results may explain the selective interaction between the CS protein and the unique heparan sulfate from liver, which is noted for its unusually high degree of sulfation, and may provide a plausible explanation for the selective targeting of the malaria CS protein to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ying
- Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, NYU Medical Center, New York, New York 10010, USA
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Abstract
We recently identified a locus on the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome, designated sar, for staphylococcal accessory regulator, that is involved in the global regulation of extracellular and cell wall-associated proteins. Previous phenotypic and Southern blot analyses with Tn917 and agr probes indicated that this locus is distinct from agr, a previously described global regulator of exoproteins in S. aureus. To understand the mode of regulatory control of exoprotein synthesis by the sar locus, the sar genotype was transduced from the original sar mutant 11D2 into two prototypic S. aureus strains, RN6390 and RN450, with well-defined genetic backgrounds. An analysis of extracellular protein profiles by use of silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate gels revealed alterations in the pattern of exoprotein production in the late log-early stationary phase in the sar mutants in comparison with the corresponding parents. In addition, most of the phenotypic changes that occurred in the conversion from the sar+ genotype to the sar genotype in mutant 11D2 were also found in these mutants. Northern (RNA) blot analyses of two exoprotein transcripts (alpha- and beta-hemolysins) from strain RN6390 and its corresponding sar mutant revealed downregulation of these transcripts in the mutant. Serial studies of these hemolysin transcripts at various growth intervals demonstrated that the transcriptional regulation of the hemolysin genes by the sar locus began during the log phase and continued into the postexponential phase. These data suggested that the sar locus probably regulates exoprotein genes at the transcriptional level. This mode of regulation is similar to that of exoprotein target gene transcription by agr.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cheung
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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Shen SL, Zhang ZY, Sun Z, Wang QM, Ying P. [The appliance of image analysis in the diagnosis of oral Lichen Planus and it's malignant change]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1993; 2:32-4. [PMID: 15159879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
After the Feulgen dying,if the normal oral mucous,oral Lichen planus as well as the pathological cut sheets with atypical dysplasia and malignant change in defferent degrees,use the image analysis technique to measure the morphologic parameters of the nucleus(including nuclear surface area,perimeter maximum nuclear diameter,minimum nulear diameter,equivalent circle diameter,morphological factor) and the amount of DNA,5CER acts as an indes of distinguishing malignancy or benignancy,the value of 5CER in malignant is more than 10% and in benignant is less than 10%.The result of the analysis from the optical microscope differs from the optical microscope differs form the image analysis.There are so many personal factors in the qualitative analysis by optical microscope that it because quite imperative to research for a new diagnosing way.The synchronization of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis can correct the personal errors in qualitative analysis.It will be very useful for directing the clinical practice and the judgment of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomaotlogy,Capital Medical College. Beijing 100050, China
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Jing-Fa D, Ying P, An-Ren J, Zhi-Hong W. The Catalytic Oxidation of Co Over Ba<SUB>2-<I>x</I></SUB>Sr<I><SUB>x</I></SUB>YCu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7-<I>a</I></SUB>. ACTA PHYS-CHIM SIN 1993. [DOI: 10.3866/pku.whxb19930212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Geng SF, Xu L, Ying P, Cao CF. [Clinical evaluation of manual and ultrasonic subgingival scaling using image analysis]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1992; 1:73-6. [PMID: 15159894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of hand and ultrasonic instrumentation in removing subgingival plaque and calculus.In experiment one,forty-eight teeth from patients were randomly assigned to be scaled with curettes or ultrasonic scaler.Probing depth,clinical attachment level and bleeding index were reexamined 2 months latter.The results demonstrated that no significant differences between the two mehtods.In experiment two,seventeen teeth from six patient were also randomly scaled manualty ultrasonic or uninstrumented as a control.All these teeth were extracted immediately after subgingival scaling.The proportion of tooth surfaces covered by residual plaque and calculus(relative to the total surface area of the side of the tooth)was analysed on each tooth using computerized graphic processing.The findings showed the proportional areas of residual plaque and calculus in teeth.But the hand scaled root surface were much smoother than those treated with ultrasonic scaler.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Geng
- Department of Prothodontics, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Second Medical University. Shanghai 200011, China
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Abstract
Routine assays to detect proteinases in biological samples are generally tedious and time-consuming. To expedite the recognition of proteinases, we have developed an assay utilizing the gelatin on the surface of an unprocessed Kodak X-Omat AR film as the proteolytic substrate. A positive reaction is indicated by a clear zone on the film after it has been rinsed with running water. This proteinase assay has been found to be inexpensive, rapid, and simple. Besides its ease of use, this assay has been found to be quantitatively reproducible with a well-defined endpoint. More importantly, this assay method is applicable to a variety of proteolytic enzymes under diverse pH (5-8.5) and salt conditions (up to 5 M NaCl) and has a sensitivity similar to that of azocoll. Since the assay does not require sophisticated equipment, it is useful as a general laboratory procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cheung
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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Qinwei Z, Anren J, Quangen X, Ying P, Dingjiang L, Jingfa D. THE THERMOSTABILITY OF OXYGEN ATOMS AT DIFFERENT SITES IN THE CRYSTAL LATTICE OF HIGH- TC SUPERCONDUCTOR Ba 2YCu 3O 6.92. ACTA PHYS-CHIM SIN 1988. [DOI: 10.3866/pku.whxb19880302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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