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Malta TM, Sabedot TS, Morosini NS, Datta I, Garofano L, Vallentgoed W, Varn FS, Aldape K, D'Angelo F, Bakas S, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Gan HK, Hasanain M, Hau AC, Johnson KC, Cazacu S, deCarvalho AC, Khasraw M, Kocakavuk E, Kouwenhoven MC, Migliozzi S, Niclou SP, Niers JM, Ormond DR, Paek SH, Reifenberger G, Sillevis Smitt PA, Smits M, Stead LF, van den Bent MJ, Van Meir EG, Walenkamp A, Weiss T, Weller M, Westerman BA, Ylstra B, Wesseling P, Lasorella A, French PJ, Poisson LM, Verhaak RG, Iavarone A, Noushmehr H. The Epigenetic Evolution of Glioma Is Determined by the IDH1 Mutation Status and Treatment Regimen. Cancer Res 2024; 84:741-756. [PMID: 38117484 PMCID: PMC10911804 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor adaptation or selection is thought to underlie therapy resistance in glioma. To investigate longitudinal epigenetic evolution of gliomas in response to therapeutic pressure, we performed an epigenomic analysis of 132 matched initial and recurrent tumors from patients with IDH-wildtype (IDHwt) and IDH-mutant (IDHmut) glioma. IDHwt gliomas showed a stable epigenome over time with relatively low levels of global methylation. The epigenome of IDHmut gliomas showed initial high levels of genome-wide DNA methylation that was progressively reduced to levels similar to those of IDHwt tumors. Integration of epigenomics, gene expression, and functional genomics identified HOXD13 as a master regulator of IDHmut astrocytoma evolution. Furthermore, relapse of IDHmut tumors was accompanied by histologic progression that was associated with survival, as validated in an independent cohort. Finally, the initial cell composition of the tumor microenvironment varied between IDHwt and IDHmut tumors and changed differentially following treatment, suggesting increased neoangiogenesis and T-cell infiltration upon treatment of IDHmut gliomas. This study provides one of the largest cohorts of paired longitudinal glioma samples with epigenomic, transcriptomic, and genomic profiling and suggests that treatment of IDHmut glioma is associated with epigenomic evolution toward an IDHwt-like phenotype. SIGNIFICANCE Standard treatments are related to loss of DNA methylation in IDHmut glioma, resulting in epigenetic activation of genes associated with tumor progression and alterations in the microenvironment that resemble treatment-naïve IDHwt glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathiane M. Malta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais S. Sabedot
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Indrani Datta
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Luciano Garofano
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Wies Vallentgoed
- Neurology Department, The Brain Tumour Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederick S. Varn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Spyridon Bakas
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hui K. Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Kevin C. Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ana C. deCarvalho
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Emre Kocakavuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathilde C.M. Kouwenhoven
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simona Migliozzi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Johanna M. Niers
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D. Ryan Ormond
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Hypoxia Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter A. Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Brain Tumour Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucy F. Stead
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Brain Tumour Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart A. Westerman
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Childhood Cancer Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Pim J. French
- Neurology Department, The Brain Tumour Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laila M. Poisson
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roel G.W. Verhaak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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Van Steenhoven RW, de Vries JM, Bruijstens AL, Paunovic M, Nagtzaam MM, Franken SC, Bastiaansen AE, De Bruijn MA, Van Sonderen A, Schreurs MWJ, Gardeniers M, Verdijk RM, Balvers RK, Sillevis Smitt PA, Neuteboom RF, Titulaer MJ. Mimics of Autoimmune Encephalitis: Validation of the 2016 Clinical Autoimmune Encephalitis Criteria. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023; 10:e200148. [PMID: 37582614 PMCID: PMC10427145 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The clinical criteria for autoimmune encephalitis (AE) were proposed by Graus et al. in 2016. In this study, the AE criteria were validated in the real world, and common AE mimics were described. In addition, criteria for probable anti-LGI1 encephalitis were proposed and validated. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, patients referred to our national referral center with suspicion of AE and specific neuroinflammatory disorders with similar clinical presentations were included from July 2016 to December 2019. Exclusion criteria were pure cerebellar or peripheral nerve system disorders. All patients were evaluated according to the AE criteria. RESULTS In total, 239 patients were included (56% female; median age 42 years, range 1-85). AE was diagnosed in 104 patients (44%) and AE mimics in 109 patients (46%). The most common AE mimics and misdiagnoses were neuroinflammatory CNS disorders (26%), psychiatric disorders (19%), epilepsy with a noninflammatory cause (13%), CNS infections (7%), neurodegenerative diseases (7%), and CNS neoplasms (6%). Common confounding factors were mesiotemporal lesions on brain MRI (17%) and false-positive antibodies in serum (12%). Additional mesiotemporal features (involvement extralimbic structures, enhancement, diffusion restriction) were observed more frequently in AE mimics compared with AE (61% vs 24%; p = 0.005). AE criteria showed the following sensitivity and specificity: possible AE, 83% (95% CI 74-89) and 27% (95% CI 20-36); definite autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE), 10% (95% CI 5-17) and 98% (95% CI 94-100); and probable anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 50% (95% CI 26-74) and 96% (95% CI 92-98), respectively. Specificity of the criteria for probable seronegative AE was 99% (95% CI 96-100). The newly proposed criteria for probable anti-LGI1 encephalitis showed a sensitivity of 66% (95% CI 47-81) and specificity of 96% (95% CI 93-98). DISCUSSION AE mimics occur frequently. Common pitfalls in AE misdiagnosis are mesiotemporal lesions (predominantly with atypical features) and false-positive serum antibodies. As expected, the specificity of the criteria for possible AE is low because these criteria represent the minimal requirements for entry in the diagnostic algorithm for AE. Criteria for probable AE (-LGI1, -NMDAR, seronegative) and definite autoimmune LE are applicable for decisions on immunotherapy in early disease stage, as specificity is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin W Van Steenhoven
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juna M de Vries
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arlette L Bruijstens
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela Paunovic
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska M Nagtzaam
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Franken
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Bastiaansen
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marienke A De Bruijn
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Van Sonderen
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mayke Gardeniers
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger K Balvers
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Sillevis Smitt
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinze F Neuteboom
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Titulaer
- From the Department of Neurology (R.W.V.S., J.M.V., A.L.B., M.P., M.M.N., S.C.F., A.E.B., M.A.D.B., P.A.S.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (A.V.S.), Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague; Departments of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Radiology (M.G.), Neuropathology (R.M.V.), and Neurosurgery (R.K.B.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Sophia Childrens Hospital, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Hijfte L, Geurts M, Vallentgoed WR, Eilers PH, Smitt PAS, Debets R, French PJ. Abstract 1228: Spatial transcriptomics: Data processing revisited to address noise interference. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Spatially resolved transcriptomics is a novel and already highly recognized method that allows RNA sequencing results to be annotated with local tissue phenotypes. The NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) Platform allows users to collect RNA expression data from manually selected Regions of Interest (ROIs) on FFPE tissue sections. Here, we extensively evaluated data from the DSP platform with its associated pipeline and identify significant background noise interference issues which compromise data interpretation. Alternative and more suitable workflows are presented for correct data analysis.
Methods: In this study, 12 paired tumor samples were collected from six glioma patients who underwent two separate resections. For all patients, the first resection was a low grade astrocytoma (WHO grade II or III) and the second resection was a high grade astrocytoma (WHO grade IV). The DSP platform was used to collect expression data of 1,800 genes from 72 ROIs (i.e. 6 per sample). Biological replicates were made of eight tumors from four patients. Gene expression data was normalized with both standard NanoString methods and several alternative methods (e.g. DeSeq2, gamma fit correction and quantile normalization). Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA) was used for biological validation. In addition to our own study, six publicly available NanoString DSP datasets were evaluated.
Results: Data distributions of all glioma samples, when exposed to standard data processing, were burdened with significant background noise interference. Notably, differences in noise interference were largest between biologically distinct tumor subgroups (i.e. between first and second glioma resections), which was confirmed in replicate experiments. The noise interference patterns were also present in all six publicly available NanoString DSP datasets which will invariably lead to incorrect interpretation of the underlying biology. To correct for noise interference, we tested several normalization methods. The relatively crude quantile normalization method provided the least biased result and showed the highest concordance with bulk RNA sequencing data. To evaluate the biological validity of our alternative approach, we used T cell counts from our tissue regions as an independent parameter, that were quantified using immune fluorescence. Unsupervised WGCNA identified gene clusters enriched for lymphocyte genes that highly correlated with T cell quantities in ROIs, confirming that alternative normalization can extract a biological signal from the DSP platform.
Conclusion: The DSP Platform platform suffers from significant noise interference when using standard analysis tools that obscure its results. Here, we revised the workflow and provide an alternative normalization that adequately addresses noise interference and enables correct interpretation of gene expression data.
Citation Format: Levi van Hijfte, Marjolein Geurts, Wies R. Vallentgoed, Paul H. Eilers, Peter A. Sillevis Smitt, Reno Debets, Pim J. French. Spatial transcriptomics: Data processing revisited to address noise interference [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1228.
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4
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Barthel FP, Johnson KC, Varn FS, Moskalik AD, Tanner G, Kocakavuk E, Anderson KJ, Abiola O, Aldape K, Alfaro KD, Alpar D, Amin SB, Ashley DM, Bandopadhayay P, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Beroukhim R, Bock C, Brastianos PK, Brat DJ, Brodbelt AR, Bruns AF, Bulsara KR, Chakrabarty A, Chakravarti A, Chuang JH, Claus EB, Cochran EJ, Connelly J, Costello JF, Finocchiaro G, Fletcher MN, French PJ, Gan HK, Gilbert MR, Gould PV, Grimmer MR, Iavarone A, Ismail A, Jenkinson MD, Khasraw M, Kim H, Kouwenhoven MCM, LaViolette PS, Li M, Lichter P, Ligon KL, Lowman AK, Malta TM, Mazor T, McDonald KL, Molinaro AM, Nam DH, Nayyar N, Ng HK, Ngan CY, Niclou SP, Niers JM, Noushmehr H, Noorbakhsh J, Ormond DR, Park CK, Poisson LM, Rabadan R, Radlwimmer B, Rao G, Reifenberger G, Sa JK, Schuster M, Shaw BL, Short SC, Smitt PAS, Sloan AE, Smits M, Suzuki H, Tabatabai G, Van Meir EG, Watts C, Weller M, Wesseling P, Westerman BA, Widhalm G, Woehrer A, Yung WKA, Zadeh G, Huse JT, De Groot JF, Stead LF, Verhaak RGW. Longitudinal molecular trajectories of diffuse glioma in adults. Nature 2019; 576:112-120. [PMID: 31748746 PMCID: PMC6897368 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary processes that drive universal therapeutic resistance in adult patients with diffuse glioma remain unclear1,2. Here we analysed temporally separated DNA-sequencing data and matched clinical annotation from 222 adult patients with glioma. By analysing mutations and copy numbers across the three major subtypes of diffuse glioma, we found that driver genes detected at the initial stage of disease were retained at recurrence, whereas there was little evidence of recurrence-specific gene alterations. Treatment with alkylating agents resulted in a hypermutator phenotype at different rates across the glioma subtypes, and hypermutation was not associated with differences in overall survival. Acquired aneuploidy was frequently detected in recurrent gliomas and was characterized by IDH mutation but without co-deletion of chromosome arms 1p/19q, and further converged with acquired alterations in the cell cycle and poor outcomes. The clonal architecture of each tumour remained similar over time, but the presence of subclonal selection was associated with decreased survival. Finally, there were no differences in the levels of immunoediting between initial and recurrent gliomas. Collectively, our results suggest that the strongest selective pressures occur during early glioma development and that current therapies shape this evolution in a largely stochastic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris P Barthel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin C Johnson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Frederick S Varn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Georgette Tanner
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Emre Kocakavuk
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kevin J Anderson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Olajide Abiola
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin D Alfaro
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donat Alpar
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - David M Ashley
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew R Brodbelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Liverpool & Walton Centre NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexander F Bruns
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ketan R Bulsara
- Division of Neurosurgery, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Aruna Chakrabarty
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Claus
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Cochran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Connelly
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael N Fletcher
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, German Cancer Research Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hui K Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter V Gould
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew R Grimmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Azzam Ismail
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael D Jenkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Liverpool & Walton Centre NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Cooperative Trials Group for Neuro-Oncology (COGNO) NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hoon Kim
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mathilde C M Kouwenhoven
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter S LaViolette
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Meihong Li
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, German Cancer Research Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison K Lowman
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Tathiane M Malta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tali Mazor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Cure Brain Cancer Biomarkers and Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ho Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chew Yee Ngan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Johanna M Niers
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Javad Noorbakhsh
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - D Ryan Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Laila M Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, German Cancer Research Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jason K Sa
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brian L Shaw
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan C Short
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter A Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Interdiscplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, DKTK Partner Site Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer Genome Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart A Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F De Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucy F Stead
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Roel G W Verhaak
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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5
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van Coevorden-Hameete MH, de Graaff E, Titulaer MJ, Hulsenboom E, Sabater L, Hoogenraad CC, Sillevis Smitt PA. Plasticity-related gene 5: A novel surface autoantigen in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2015; 2:e156. [PMID: 26445730 PMCID: PMC4582903 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen H van Coevorden-Hameete
- Department of Biology (M.H.v.C.-H., E.d.G., C.C.H.), div Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.v.C.-H, M.J.T., E.H., P.A.S.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic (L.S.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther de Graaff
- Department of Biology (M.H.v.C.-H., E.d.G., C.C.H.), div Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.v.C.-H, M.J.T., E.H., P.A.S.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic (L.S.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maarten J Titulaer
- Department of Biology (M.H.v.C.-H., E.d.G., C.C.H.), div Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.v.C.-H, M.J.T., E.H., P.A.S.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic (L.S.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Hulsenboom
- Department of Biology (M.H.v.C.-H., E.d.G., C.C.H.), div Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.v.C.-H, M.J.T., E.H., P.A.S.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic (L.S.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sabater
- Department of Biology (M.H.v.C.-H., E.d.G., C.C.H.), div Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.v.C.-H, M.J.T., E.H., P.A.S.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic (L.S.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Department of Biology (M.H.v.C.-H., E.d.G., C.C.H.), div Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.v.C.-H, M.J.T., E.H., P.A.S.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic (L.S.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter A Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Biology (M.H.v.C.-H., E.d.G., C.C.H.), div Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.v.C.-H, M.J.T., E.H., P.A.S.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic (L.S.), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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van den Bent MJ, Gao Y, Kerkhof M, Kros JM, Gorlia T, van Zwieten K, Prince J, van Duinen S, Sillevis Smitt PA, Taphoorn M, French PJ. Changes in the EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII expression between paired primary and recurrent glioblastomas. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:935-41. [PMID: 25691693 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of novel targeted therapies is often tested at the time of tumor recurrence. However, for glioblastoma (GBM) patients, surgical resections at recurrence are performed only in a minority of patients; therefore, molecular data are predominantly derived from the initial tumor. Molecular data of the initial tumor for patient selection into personalized medicine trials can therefore be used only when the specific genetic change is retained in the recurrent tumor. METHODS In this study we determined whether EGFR amplification and expression of the most common mutation in GBMs (EGFRvIII) is retained at tumor recurrence. Because retention of genetic changes may be dependent on the initial treatment, we only used a cohort of GBM samples that were uniformly treated according to the current standard of care (ie, chemo-irradiation with temozolomide). RESULTS Our data show that, in spite of some quantitative differences, the EGFR amplification status remains stable in the majority (84%) of tumors evaluated. EGFRvIII expression remained similar in 79% of GBMs. However, within the tumors expressing EGFRvIII at initial diagnosis, approximately one-half lose their EGFRvIII expression at tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The relative stability of EGFR amplification indicates that molecular data obtained in the primary tumor can be used to predict the EGFR status of the recurrent tumor, but care should be taken in extrapolating EGFRvIII expression from the primary tumor, particularly when expressed at first diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Melissa Kerkhof
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Thierry Gorlia
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Kitty van Zwieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Jory Prince
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Sjoerd van Duinen
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Peter A Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Martin Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
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7
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de Jongste AH, van Gelder T, Bromberg JE, de Graaf MT, Gratama JW, Schreurs MW, Hooijkaas H, Sillevis Smitt PA. A prospective open-label study of sirolimus for the treatment of anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:145-50. [PMID: 24994790 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest a T cell-mediated immune response in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes with anti-Hu antibodies (Hu-PNS). In order to investigate whether suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses in Hu-PNS patients improved their neurological outcome, we performed a prospective open-label, single-arm study on sirolimus. METHODS Seventeen progressive Hu-PNS patients were treated with sirolimus with an intended treatment duration of 8 weeks. Primary outcome measures were (i) functional improvement, defined as a decrease of one or more points on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and (ii) improvement of neurological impairment, defined as an increase of one or more points on the Edinburgh Functional Impairment Tests (EFIT). RESULTS One patient showed improvement on both clinical scales (mRS and EFIT). This patient presented with limbic encephalitis and improved dramatically from an mRS score of 3 to mRS 1. Another patient, with subacute sensory neuronopathy, remained stable at mRS 2 and improved one point on the EFIT scale. The other patients showed no improvement on the primary outcome measures. Median survival was 21 months. CONCLUSION We conclude that treatment of Hu-PNS patients with sirolimus may improve or stabilize their functional disabilities and neurological impairments. However, the effects of this T cell-targeted therapy were not better than reported in trials on other immunotherapies for Hu-PNS. Trial Registration https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2008-000793-20/NL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan H de Jongste
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.E.B., M.T.d.G., P.A.S.S.); Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.W.G); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.W.S., H.H.)
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.E.B., M.T.d.G., P.A.S.S.); Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.W.G); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.W.S., H.H.)
| | - Jacoline E Bromberg
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.E.B., M.T.d.G., P.A.S.S.); Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.W.G); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.W.S., H.H.)
| | - Marieke T de Graaf
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.E.B., M.T.d.G., P.A.S.S.); Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.W.G); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.W.S., H.H.)
| | - Jan W Gratama
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.E.B., M.T.d.G., P.A.S.S.); Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.W.G); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.W.S., H.H.)
| | - Marco W Schreurs
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.E.B., M.T.d.G., P.A.S.S.); Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.W.G); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.W.S., H.H.)
| | - Herbert Hooijkaas
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.E.B., M.T.d.G., P.A.S.S.); Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.W.G); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.W.S., H.H.)
| | - Peter A Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.E.B., M.T.d.G., P.A.S.S.); Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (A.H.d.J., J.W.G); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (T.v.G.); Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.W.S., H.H.)
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8
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Maat P, de Graaff E, van Beveren NM, Hulsenboom E, Verdijk RM, Koorengevel K, van Duijn M, Hooijkaas H, Hoogenraad C, Sillevis Smitt PA. Psychiatric phenomena as initial manifestation of encephalitis by anti-NMDAR antibodies. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2013; 25:128-36. [PMID: 25287466 DOI: 10.1111/acn.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune encephalitis associated with autoantibodies against the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) often presents with behavioural change. Our objective was to describe in detail the psychiatric presentation and pathways to care in order to aid the early diagnosis of NMDAR encephalitis. METHODS Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with suspected NMDAR encephalitis were tested on HEK 293 cells transfected with the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR. Clinical information was obtained from the referring psychiatrists and neurologists and by review of the clinical records. RESULTS Samples from 15 patients (13 female, 2 male, mean age 24 years, range 5-56 years) tested anti-NMDAR positive. Twelve of the 15 patients (80%) presented with prominent psychiatric symptoms and 8 were initially referred to a psychiatric service. The most prominent initial psychiatric symptoms were anxiety in seven (47%), behavioural change (often bizarre) in six (40%) and agitation in five (33%). All patients developed psychiatric symptoms in the first 6 weeks of illness. Thirteen patients received psychotropic medications: antipsychotics in 12 and benzodiazepines in 11. Treating physicians considered the psychotropic medication not effective in 11 patients resulting in many drug switches. At nadir, all patients were in a very poor condition. However, eight patients (53%) recovered (almost) completely. Outcome tended to be better in patients who had received early immunotherapy or tumour removal. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune encephalitis and anti-NMDAR testing in serum and CSF should be considered in patients, especially young females, presenting with atypical psychiatric phenomena. Early diagnosis and treatment will likely improve the prognosis of NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Maat
- 1 Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther de Graaff
- 1 Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Beveren
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulsenboom
- 1 Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- 4 Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn van Duijn
- 1 Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Herbert Hooijkaas
- 5 Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper Hoogenraad
- 2 Department of Neurosciences, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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9
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de Jongste AH, Kraan J, van den Broek PD, Brooimans RA, Bromberg JE, van Montfort KA, Smitt PAS, Gratama JW. Use of TransFix™ cerebrospinal fluid storage tubes prevents cellular loss and enhances flow cytometric detection of malignant hematological cells after 18 hours of storage. Cytometry 2013; 86:272-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan H. de Jongste
- Department of Medical Oncology; Erasmus University Medical Center/Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center; Groene Hilledijk 301 3075 EA Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam's-Gravendijkwal 230 3015 CE Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Kraan
- Department of Medical Oncology; Erasmus University Medical Center/Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center; Groene Hilledijk 301 3075 EA Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Patricia D. van den Broek
- Department of Medical Oncology; Erasmus University Medical Center/Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center; Groene Hilledijk 301 3075 EA Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rik A. Brooimans
- Department of Medical Oncology; Erasmus University Medical Center/Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center; Groene Hilledijk 301 3075 EA Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline E. Bromberg
- Department of Neurology; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam's-Gravendijkwal 230 3015 CE Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kees A. van Montfort
- Department of Medical Statistics; Erasmus University Medical Center/Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center; Groene Hilledijk 301 3075 EA Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam's-Gravendijkwal 230 3015 CE Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Gratama
- Department of Medical Oncology; Erasmus University Medical Center/Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center; Groene Hilledijk 301 3075 EA Rotterdam The Netherlands
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10
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vanDuijn MM, Maat P, Dekker LJ, Luider TM, Smitt PAS. Abstract 1277: Antigen-specific markers for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes obtained by proteomic analysis of patient immunoglobulins. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the antibody response, as occurs in antitumor immunity, germline sequences are rearranged and mutated to generate a sequence with specificity for an antigen. In earlier work, it was shown that the antigen specificity of immune sera from rats can be distinguished by the proteomic analysis of immunoglobulins. It is hypothesized that the sequence of the antigen binding sites converges to a similar subset in individuals exposed to a given antigen. We therefore tested the applicability of our approach in patients with Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (PNS). In these patients, a tumor triggers a well-characterized auto-immune response against onconeural antigens expressed in tumor and the affected part of the nervous system. These antibodies serve as markers for both the underlying tumor and specific neurological syndromes. Sera of 60 patients with PNS associated with paraneoplastic antibodies were analysed: 20 anti-HuD (18 lung cancer), 20 anti-Yo (6 breast, 9 gynecological and one other cancer), 10 anti-amphiphysin (4 lung, one breast and one other cancer), and anti-CV2 (6 lung cancer) antibodies. Antigen-specific immunoglobulins were collected by affinity enrichment on beads coated with recombinant antigen. The antigen-specific immunoglobulins were digested with trypsin and analyzed by nano-LC and mass spectrometry. From the resulting dataset, peptides were selected that uniquely identified one of the patient groups, and the peptide sequence was deduced from fragmentation spectra. 28 specific and unique peptides were found; 0 specific for amphiphysin, 2 specific for CV2, 11 for HuD and 15 for Yo. Several marker peptide sequences showed homology to known immunoglobulin sequences, and no relations were found to other known proteins from the NCBInr protein database. The data show that immunoglobulin-derived biomarkers can indeed be found in samples from patients and can serve as early markers of cancer and auto-immunity.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1277. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1277
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Maat
- 1Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Bralten LB, Nouwens S, Kockx C, Erdem L, Hoogenraad CC, Kros JM, Moorhouse MJ, Sillevis Smitt PA, van der Spek P, van Ijcken W, Stubbs A, French PJ. Absence of common somatic alterations in genes on 1p and 19q in oligodendrogliomas. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22000. [PMID: 21760942 PMCID: PMC3131305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A common and histologically well defined subtype of glioma are the oligodendroglial brain tumors. Approximately 70% of all oligodendrogliomas have a combined loss of the entire 1p and 19q chromosomal arms. This remarkably high frequency suggests that the remaining arms harbor yet to be identified tumor suppressor genes. Identification of these causal genetic changes in oligodendrogliomas is important because they form direct targets for treatment. In this study we therefore performed targeted resequencing of all exons, microRNAs, splice sites and promoter regions residing on 1p and 19q on 7 oligodendrogliomas and 4 matched controls. Only one missense mutation was identified in a single sample in the ARHGEF16 gene. This mutation lies within- and disrupts the conserved PDZ binding domain. No similar ARHGEF16 mutations or deletions were found in a larger set of oligodendrogliomas. The absence of common somatic changes within genes located on 1p and 19q in three out of four samples indicates that no additional "second hit" is required to drive oncogenic transformation on either chromosomal arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda B Bralten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Gravendeel LA, Kloosterhof NK, Bralten LB, Kros JM, Dirven CM, Sillevis Smitt PA, van den Bent MJ, French PJ. Abstract 3932: Tetraploid gliomas share molecular features with pilocytic astrocytomas. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have performed expression profiling on 276 glioma samples of all histological subtypes, which resulted in the identification of seven distinct molecular subgroups. Interestingly, pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) (n=6; adults) were assigned to one specific molecular cluster, together with four other, more malignant, gliomas. All the non-PAs were histologically diagnosed as higher grade gliomas with pilocytic features. Interestingly, there was a dramatic difference between survival of PAs and gliomas of other histological subtypes in this molecular cluster (>10.6 years vs. 3.4 (avg.) years; p = 0.03). Validation with an external dataset containing only PAs (GSE12907) showed that PAs are virtually always assigned to this molecular cluster, confirming the stability of the cluster. However, similar to our dataset, a subset of samples of both the REMBRANDT (8%) and TCGA (1%) datasets was also assigned to this molecular cluster.
To further explore the differences between PAs and non-PAs in this molecular cluster, we performed genotyping using SNP 6.0 chip arrays. As reported previously, all PAs have only one larger genetic aberration; a focal amplification on locus 7q34, which is indicative for the presence of the tandem duplication KIAA1549-BRAF. One of the four samples of other histology also had this identical genetic aberration as PAs. The other (3/4) non-PA gliomas showed more genetic aberrations than the PAs.
All patients harboring the KIAA1549-BRAF duplication were still alive (“survivors”) at the moment of writing this abstract (survival 10.6-19.6 years), whereas the remaining patients (“non-survivors”) all died within 0.44-2.7 years. High copy EGFR amplification was seen in none of the survivors but all of the other tumors. None of the samples in this cluster showed an IDH1-132H mutation. Closer inspection of the SNP arrays indicated that all non-survivors are tetraploid, whilst tumors of all survivors are near diploid (except for 3n on 7q34). The ploidy of all samples is currently validated using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Polyploidy was not observed in any of the other molecular clusters.
Validation with the REMBRANDT and the TCGA datasets showed that non-PAs assigned to this molecular cluster had a poor survival, similar to the non-PAs in our dataset. Interestingly, tetraploidy and EGFR amplification were also seen in the GBM samples from the TCGA that were assigned to this cluster. Gliomas from other molecular subtypes did not show tetraploidy on SNP chip data.
In conclusion, we have discovered and validated a glioma subtype that shares molecular (RNA expression profile) and histological features with PAs. In spite of these similarities (and in contrast to the PAs), such tumors have a relatively poor prognosis. They are characterized by EGFR amplification and a near tetraploid cytogenetic profile. Identification of this specific subtype may have important therapeutic consequences.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3932. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3932
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13
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Gravendeel LA, de Rooi JJ, Erdem L, Eilers PH, Kros JM, Sillevis Smitt PA, van den Bent MJ, French PJ. Abstract 3936: Identifying molecular subgroups of gliomas in formalin fixed paraffin embedded material. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors with heterogeneous morphology and variable prognosis. Histological classification, combined with the patients’ prognostic features, often guides treatment decisions. Unfortunately, differences in histology are subtle and therefore, diagnosis is subject to a large interobserver variability. To improve classification, we did expression profiling on fresh frozen tumor material of 276 glioma samples of all histological subtypes. This resulted in seven molecular subgroups, which correlated significantly better with survival than histology.
When validated in prospective studies these molecular clusters could contribute to clinical decision making. However, there is a lack of fresh frozen glioma material, and until now clinical studies have been performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) material. Therefore, we would like to see whether our molecular clusters are reproducible in FFPE material.
Expression profiling was performed on 57 paired snap-frozen/FFPE glioma samples of all histological and molecular subtypes and three non-diseased brain samples. We collected FFPE material from the same patients that were included in our previous study (Gravendeel et al. Cancer Res 2009). FFPE expression profiling was performed using Hu_Ex_1.0_st “exon” arrays (Affymetrix) in combination with Nugen WT-Ovation technology (FFPE V2 and Exon modules).
FFPE expression profiles were assigned to a molecular cluster based on its nearest centroid using the 20.000 most variably expressed exons.
Preliminary analysis indicates that approximately 75% of all samples were assigned to the correct molecular cluster. Survival data confirmed that the molecular clusters identified using FFPE material retained significant prognostic value, similar to those obtained using fresh frozen material (p=0.0016).
Our data indicate that exon arrays in combination with Nugen WT technology are a suitable platform to perform expression profiling on FFPE samples. We are currently expanding our dataset to include FFPE samples from a large phase III European trial.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3936. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3936
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de Graaf MT, de Beukelaar JW, Burgers PC, Luider TM, Kraan J, Smitt PAS, Gratama JW. Contamination of synthetic HuD protein spanning peptide pools with a CMV-encoded peptide. Cytometry A 2008; 73:1079-85. [PMID: 18727061 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To detect HuD-specific T cells in patients with Hu-antibody associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (Hu-PNS), we used short-term stimulation assays with HuD protein spanning peptide pools (PSPP) with purities of at least 70% and found reproducible false-positive CD8+ T-cell responses in three of 127 individuals (two healthy controls and one Hu-PNS patient), which all shared HLA-A*2402 and HLA-B*1801. After testing the 15-mer peptides of the HuD antigen separately, we discovered that the same three 15-mers yielded the CD8+ T cell response in those three individuals. This highly unusual result could not be reproduced when using new batches of peptides with a higher level of purity (>82% and >95%). Therefore, we assumed this response was not directed against the HuD peptides and analyzed the HuD 15-mers by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which showed the presence of a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-encoded peptide (AIAEESDEEEAIVAY) as a contaminant. The three responding individuals all were CMV-seropositive and the contaminating peptide appeared to fit in the binding groove of HLA-B*18. Our data reveal that synthetic PSPP may contain immunogenic contaminations which may cause false positive results in T-cell stimulation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke T de Graaf
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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French PJ, Peeters J, Horsman S, Duijm E, Siccama I, van den Bent MJ, Luider TM, Kros JM, van der Spek P, Sillevis Smitt PA. Identification of differentially regulated splice variants and novel exons in glial brain tumors using exon expression arrays. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5635-42. [PMID: 17575129 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant splice variants are involved in the initiation and/or progression of glial brain tumors. We therefore set out to identify splice variants that are differentially expressed between histologic subgroups of gliomas. Splice variants were identified using a novel platform that profiles the expression of virtually all known and predicted exons present in the human genome. Exon-level expression profiling was done on 26 glioblastomas, 22 oligodendrogliomas, and 6 control brain samples. Our results show that Human Exon arrays can identify subgroups of gliomas based on their histologic appearance and genetic aberrations. We next used our expression data to identify differentially expressed splice variants. In two independent approaches, we identified 49 and up to 459 exons that are differentially spliced between glioblastomas and oligodendrogliomas, a subset of which (47% and 33%) were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). In addition, exon level expression profiling also identified >700 novel exons. Expression of approximately 67% of these candidate novel exons was confirmed by RT-PCR. Our results indicate that exon level expression profiling can be used to molecularly classify brain tumor subgroups, can identify differentially regulated splice variants, and can identify novel exons. The splice variants identified by exon level expression profiling may help to detect the genetic changes that cause or maintain gliomas and may serve as novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Schutte M, Elstrodt F, Bralten LBC, Nagel JHA, Duijm E, Hollestelle A, Vuerhard MJ, Wasielewski M, Peeters JK, van der Spek P, Sillevis Smitt PA, French PJ. Exon expression arrays as a tool to identify new cancer genes. PLoS One 2007; 3:e3007. [PMID: 18688287 PMCID: PMC2500185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of genes that are causally implicated in oncogenesis is a major goal in cancer research. An estimated 10–20% of cancer-related gene mutations result in skipping of one or more exons in the encoded transcripts. Here we report on a strategy to screen in a global fashion for such exon-skipping events using PAttern based Correlation (PAC). The PAC algorithm has been used previously to identify differentially expressed splice variants between two predefined subgroups. As genetic changes in cancer are sample specific, we tested the ability of PAC to identify aberrantly expressed exons in single samples. Principal Findings As a proof-of-principle, we tested the PAC strategy on human cancer samples of which the complete coding sequence of eight cancer genes had been screened for mutations. PAC detected all seven exon-skipping mutants among 12 cancer cell lines. PAC also identified exon-skipping mutants in clinical cancer specimens although detection was compromised due to heterogeneous (wild-type) transcript expression. PAC reduced the number of candidate genes/exons for subsequent mutational analysis by two to three orders of magnitude and had a substantial true positive rate. Importantly, of 112 randomly selected outlier exons, sequence analysis identified two novel exon skipping events, two novel base changes and 21 previously reported base changes (SNPs). Conclusions The ability of PAC to enrich for mutated transcripts and to identify known and novel genetic changes confirms its suitability as a strategy to identify candidate cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Schutte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MS); (PF)
| | - Fons Elstrodt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda B. C. Bralten
- Department of Neurology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jord H. A. Nagel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elza Duijm
- Department of Neurology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J. Vuerhard
- Department of Neurology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Wasielewski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justine K. Peeters
- Department of Bioinformatics, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Spek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J. French
- Department of Neurology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MS); (PF)
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de Beukelaar JW, Verjans GM, van Norden Y, Milikan JC, Kraan J, Hooijkaas H, Sintnicolaas K, Gratama JW, Sillevis Smitt PA. No evidence for circulating HuD-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and Hu antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1501-6. [PMID: 17597332 PMCID: PMC1914259 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM In paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Hu antibodies (Hu-PNS), Hu antigens expressed by the tumour hypothetically trigger an immune response that also reacts with Hu antigens in the nervous system, resulting in tumour suppression and neuronal damage. To gain more insight into the hypothesized CD8(+ )T cell-mediated immune pathogenesis of these syndromes, we searched for circulating HuD-specific CD8(+) T cells in a large cohort of Hu-PNS patients and controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood was tested from 43 Hu-PNS patients, 31 Hu antibody negative SCLC patients without PNS and 54 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with HuD protein-spanning peptide pools (15-mers) and individual HuD-derived peptides (9-mers) and analysed by cytokine flow cytometry and interferon-gamma ELISPOT-assays. Additionally, HuD-based Class I HLA multimers were used to visualize HuD-specific CD8(+) T cells. RESULTS No HuD-specific CD8(+ )T cells could be detected in the blood of Hu-PNS patients or controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support a role for HuD-specific CD8(+) T cells in Hu-PNS. Further studies should focus on the detection of circulating HuD-specific CD4(+ )T cells and examine the antigen specificity of T cells in affected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet W. de Beukelaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Room E-2-80B, Erasmus University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ’s Gravendijkwal, 230 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georges M. Verjans
- Department of Virology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ’s Gravendijkwal, 230 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Norden
- Department of Trials and Statistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C. Milikan
- Department of Virology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ’s Gravendijkwal, 230 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Kraan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Room E-2-80B, Erasmus University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Hooijkaas
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ’s Gravendijkwal, 230 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Sintnicolaas
- Laboratory for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Sanquin Blood Bank South West Region, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Gratama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Room E-2-80B, Erasmus University Medical Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ’s Gravendijkwal, 230 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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de Beukelaar JW, Gratama JW, Smitt PAS, Verjans GM, Kraan J, Luider TM, Burgers PC. The impact of impurities in synthetic peptides on the outcome of T-cell stimulation assays. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2007; 21:1282-8. [PMID: 17340558 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein-spanning peptide pools have proven valuable as a screening tool for detecting T-lymphocyte responses against a wide range of proteins. We have used this approach in our search for T cells reactive to the onconeural protein HuD. We found positive responses in only 3 of 127 individuals; however, these were highly unusual in that the same class I HLA alleles and peptides were involved. These T-cell responses were not confirmed when peptides re-synthesized by the same manufacturer with similar and with higher purity levels were used. Our observations indicated that these T-cell responses were not directed against the designed HuD peptides. Here, we report on (i) comparisons of the peptide batches analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS) that did--and did not--elicit T-cell responses and (ii) a detailed analysis of the various by-products of peptides, irrespective of T-cell assay outcome. We found numerous differences between the peptide batches, such as omissions of amino acids in the primary structure of the peptides. Furthermore, some batches revealed strong interactions with calcium ions or contained sulfated peptides. Our data reveal that different batches from the same peptide may contain artefacts that influence the outcome of HLA-restricted T-cell response assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet W de Beukelaar
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Titulaer MK, Siccama I, Dekker LJ, van Rijswijk ALCT, Heeren RMA, Sillevis Smitt PA, Luider TM. A database application for pre-processing, storage and comparison of mass spectra derived from patients and controls. BMC Bioinformatics 2006; 7:403. [PMID: 16953879 PMCID: PMC1594579 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Statistical comparison of peptide profiles in biomarker discovery requires fast, user-friendly software for high throughput data analysis. Important features are flexibility in changing input variables and statistical analysis of peptides that are differentially expressed between patient and control groups. In addition, integration the mass spectrometry data with the results of other experiments, such as microarray analysis, and information from other databases requires a central storage of the profile matrix, where protein id's can be added to peptide masses of interest. Results A new database application is presented, to detect and identify significantly differentially expressed peptides in peptide profiles obtained from body fluids of patient and control groups. The presented modular software is capable of central storage of mass spectra and results in fast analysis. The software architecture consists of 4 pillars, 1) a Graphical User Interface written in Java, 2) a MySQL database, which contains all metadata, such as experiment numbers and sample codes, 3) a FTP (File Transport Protocol) server to store all raw mass spectrometry files and processed data, and 4) the software package R, which is used for modular statistical calculations, such as the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank sum test. Statistic analysis by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test in R demonstrates that peptide-profiles of two patient groups 1) breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastases and 2) prostate cancer patients in end stage disease can be distinguished from those of control groups. Conclusion The database application is capable to distinguish patient Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI-TOF) peptide profiles from control groups using large size datasets. The modular architecture of the application makes it possible to adapt the application to handle also large sized data from MS/MS- and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry experiments. It is expected that the higher resolution and mass accuracy of the FT-ICR mass spectrometry prevents the clustering of peaks of different peptides and allows the identification of differentially expressed proteins from the peptide profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Titulaer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivar Siccama
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard J Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique LCT van Rijswijk
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron MA Heeren
- FOM-institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are remote effects of cancer that are not caused by invasion of the tumor or its metastases. Immunologic factors appear important in the pathogenesis of PNS because antineuronal autoantibodies and T-cell responses against nervous system antigens have been defined for many of these disorders. The immunologic response is elicited by the ectopic expression of neuronal antigens by the tumor. Expression of these so-called "onconeural" antigens is limited to the tumor and the nervous system and sometimes also the testis. At the time of presentation of the neurological symptoms, most patients have not yet been diagnosed with cancer. Detection of paraneoplastic antibodies is extremely helpful in diagnosing an otherwise unexplained and often rapidly progressive neurological syndrome as paraneoplastic. In addition, the paraneoplastic antibodies may also direct the search for an underlying neoplasm. On the other hand, in patients known to have cancer, the presentation of a PNS may herald recurrence of the tumor or a second tumor. The number of paraneoplastic antibodies is still growing, and at least seven of these can now be considered well characterized. Based on the clinical syndrome, the type of antibody, and the presence or absence of cancer, patients are classified as having a "definite" or "possible" PNS. Despite the presumed autoimmune etiology of PNS, the results of various forms of immunotherapy have been disappointing, with some exceptions. Rapid detection and immediate treatment of the underlying tumor appears to offer the best chance of stabilizing the patient and preventing further neurological deterioration.
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21
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de Beukelaar JW, van Arkel C, van den Bent MJ, van't Veer MB, van Doornum GJ, Cornelissen JJ, Sillevis Smitt PA, Gratama JW. Resolution of EBV(+) CNS lymphoma with appearance of CSF EBV-specific T cells. Ann Neurol 2006; 58:788-92. [PMID: 16240354 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific T-cell responses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD) in the central nervous system (CNS) is very limited. Here, we present two recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants with EBV-LPD in the CNS. EBV-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes were detected in CSF and peripheral blood using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I multimers loaded with EBV-derived peptides. The appearance of EBV-specific CD8(+) T cells in CSF and blood correlated with neurological improvement and disappearance of EBV-LPD. These observations suggest a role for EBV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the control of EBV-LPD in the CNS.
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22
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French PJ, Swagemakers SMA, Nagel JHA, Kouwenhoven MCM, Brouwer E, van der Spek P, Luider TM, Kros JM, van den Bent MJ, Sillevis Smitt PA. Gene expression profiles associated with treatment response in oligodendrogliomas. Cancer Res 2006; 65:11335-44. [PMID: 16357140 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrogliomas are a specific subtype of brain tumor of which the majority responds favorably to chemotherapy. In this study, we made use of expression profiling to identify chemosensitive oligodendroglial tumors. Correlation of expression profiles to loss of heterozygosity on 1p and 19q, common chromosomal aberrations associated with response to treatment, identified 376, 64, and 60 differentially expressed probe sets associated with loss of 1p, 19q or 1p, and 19q, respectively. Correlation of expression profiles to the tumors' response to treatment identified 16 differentially expressed probe sets. Because transcripts associated with chemotherapeutic response were identified independent of common chromosomal aberrations, expression profiling may be used as an alternative approach to the tumors' 1p status to identify chemosensitive oligodendroglial tumors. Finally, we correlated expression profiles to survival of the patient after diagnosis and identified 103 differentially expressed probe sets. The observation that many genes are differentially expressed between long and short survivors indicates that the genetic background of the tumor is an important factor in determining the prognosis of the patient. Furthermore, these transcripts can help identify patient subgroups that are associated with favorable prognosis. Our study is the first to correlate gene expression with chromosomal aberrations and clinical performance (response to treatment and survival) in oligodendrogliomas. The differentially expressed transcripts can help identify patient subgroups with good prognosis and those that will benefit from chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Dekker LJ, Boogerd W, Stockhammer G, Dalebout JC, Siccama I, Zheng P, Bonfrer JM, Verschuuren JJ, Jenster G, Verbeek MM, Luider TM, Smitt PAS. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of cerebrospinal fluid tryptic peptide profiles to diagnose leptomeningeal metastases in patients with breast cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005; 4:1341-9. [PMID: 15970584 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500081-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication that occurs in 5% of patients with breast cancer. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are essential to prevent neurological deterioration. However, early diagnosis of LM remains challenging because 25% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples produce false-negative results at first cytological examination. We developed a new, MS-based method to investigate the protein expression patterns present in the CSF from patients with breast cancer with and without LM. CSF samples from 106 patients with active breast cancer (54 with LM and 52 without LM) and 45 control subjects were digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were measured by MALDI-TOF MS. Then, the mass spectra were analyzed and compared between patient groups using newly developed bioinformatics tools. A total of 895 possible peak positions was detected, and 164 of these peaks discriminated between the patient groups (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.01). The discriminatory masses were clustered, and a classifier was built to distinguish patients with breast cancer with and without LM. After bootstrap validation, the classifier had a maximum accuracy of 77% with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 76%. Direct MALDI-TOF analysis of tryptic digests of CSF gives reproducible peptide profiles that can assist in diagnosing LM in patients with breast cancer. The same method can be used to develop diagnostic assays for other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard J Dekker
- Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Dekker LJ, Dalebout JC, Siccama I, Jenster G, Sillevis Smitt PA, Luider TM. A new method to analyze matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight peptide profiling mass spectra. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005; 19:865-870. [PMID: 15724237 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In protein and peptide mass spectrometry in which profiling of peaks is involved, their masses and intensities are important characteristics. Because of the relative low reproducibility of peak intensities associated with complex samples in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), it is difficult to accurately assess the number of peaks and their intensities. In this study we evaluate these two characteristics for tryptic digests of cerebro-spinal fluid. We observed that the reproducibility of peak intensities was relatively poor (CV = 42%) and that additional normalization or spiking did not lead to a large improvement (CV = 30%). Moreover, at least seven mass spectra per sample were required to obtain a reliable peak list. An improvement of the sensitivity (i.e., eventually more peaks are detected) is observed if more replicates per sample are measured. We conclude that the reproducibility and sensitivity of peptide profiling can be significantly improved by a combination of measuring at least seven spectra per sample with a dichotomous scoring of the intensities. This approach will aid the analysis of large numbers of mass spectra of patient samples in a reproducible way for the detection and validation of candidate biomarkers.
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25
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van den Bent MJ, Looijenga LHJ, Langenberg K, Dinjens W, Graveland W, Uytdewilligen L, Sillevis Smitt PA, Jenkins RB, Kros JM. Chromosomal anomalies in oligodendroglial tumors are correlated with clinical features. Cancer 2003; 97:1276-84. [PMID: 12599236 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who have oligodendrogliomas (OD) that demonstrate loss of both 1p and 19q appear to have a better prognosis after they receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with patients who have OD without these characteristics. It is unclear whether this improvement in outcome is due only to a better response to treatment. The authors investigated the correlation between genetic and clinical characteristics of OD in 33 patients who received chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for recurrent disease after receiving radiotherapy. METHODS The initial presentation, prior treatments, overall survival, and response to chemotherapy were assessed. The 1p and 19q status in OD lesions was determined with fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin embedded, archival material using locus specific probes. P53 mutations were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and immunohistochemistry for P53; the proliferation index was assessed with the MIB-1 antibody. RESULTS Patients who had OD lesions with a combined loss of 1p and 19q typically presented with low-grade tumors that manifested with seizures of long-standing duration. In contrast, patients who had OD lesions without a combined loss of 1p and 19q usually presented with focal deficits that required immediate treatment. Both the response rate to chemotherapy and the time to disease progression after chemotherapy were significantly better in patients who had a combined loss of 1p and 19. Tumors with classic OD morphology more often had a combined loss of 1p and 19q, although the genotype was better at identifying patients with chemoresponsive tumors. P53 mutations were observed in three tumors, none of which had a combined loss of 1p and 19q. CONCLUSIONS OD lesions with combined a loss of 1p and 19q have a more indolent nature compared with OD lesions that do not have these losses. Virtually all patients with these tumors present with low-grade tumors accompanied by seizures and remain stable for prolonged periods. Future trials must keep these tumor types apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J van den Bent
- Department of Neurooncology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Coesmans M, Smitt PAS, Linden DJ, Shigemoto R, Hirano T, Yamakawa Y, van Alphen AM, Luo C, van der Geest JN, Kros JM, Gaillard CA, Frens MA, de Zeeuw CI. Mechanisms underlying cerebellar motor deficits due to mGluR1-autoantibodies. Ann Neurol 2003; 53:325-36. [PMID: 12601700 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Hodgkin's disease can develop paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia because of the generation of autoantibodies against mGluR1 (mGluR1-Abs). Yet, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their motor coordination deficits remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that application of IgG purified from the patients' serum to cerebellar slices of mice acutely reduces the basal activity of Purkinje cells, whereas application to the flocculus of mice in vivo evokes acute disturbances in the performance of their compensatory eye movements. In addition, the mGluR1-Abs block induction of long-term depression in cultured mouse Purkinje cells, whereas the cerebellar motor learning behavior of the patients is affected in that they show impaired adaptation of their saccadic eye movements. Finally, postmortem analysis of the cerebellum of a paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia patient showed that the number of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced by approximately two thirds compared with three controls. We conclude that autoantibodies against mGluR1 can cause cerebellar motor coordination deficits caused by a combination of rapid effects on both acute and plastic responses of Purkinje cells and chronic degenerative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Coesmans
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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