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Altermann W, Gröpel P. Physical fitness is related to concentration performance in adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:587. [PMID: 38182759 PMCID: PMC10770038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the relationship between physical fitness and attention in a sample of adolescents. The hypothesis was that the overall fitness as well as its single components (speed, endurance, strength, coordination, and flexibility) would be positively related to participants' performance in a test of attention. Participants were adolescent students (N = 140) aged 15 to 18 years. Physical fitness was measured with the German Motor Test. Attention was assessed with the d2-Test of Attention. Overall, physical fitness explained 26% of the variance in the attentional test performance. Endurance, strength, coordination, and flexibility were all positively linked to participants' attention, whereas speed was unrelated to attention. Endurance and flexibility better predicted how fast participants processed the test items, while strength and coordination better predicted the accuracy with which the participants detected the targets. Better physical fitness seems to be an advantage for adolescents' cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Altermann
- Division of Sport Psychology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Division of Sport Psychology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Kopp PM, Möhler E, Gröpel P. Physical activity and mental health in school-aged children: a prospective two-wave study during the easing of the COVID-19 restrictions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:4. [PMID: 38172986 PMCID: PMC10765890 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because physical activity (PA) has many benefits for children's and adolescents' mental health, it has been suggested that PA may be an effective strategy to physically and mentally recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested the reciprocal relationship between PA and mental health during the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. It was hypothesized that mental health during the pandemic would determine how much children and adolescents re-engage in PA after easing the restrictions. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that PA engagement would predict mental health improvement after the pandemic. METHODS This was a prospective study with two measurement occasions. Pretest data collection was undertaken in February 2022, shortly before German authorities eased and lifted the COVID-19 restrictions. The follow-up (posttest) occurred six weeks later (April 2022). Both times, a sample of elementary and grammar school students aged 6 to 18 years (N = 170) reported their mental health problems and health-related quality of life. Mental health problems were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and health-related quality of life was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire. PA was measured continuously during the study period using smart electronic devices with a built-in pedometer. RESULTS PA gradually increased after the easing of COVID-19 restrictions (p < .001). This increase was unrelated to pretest mental health problems and health-related quality of life except for emotional symptoms (p = .041). Participants with higher emotional symptoms showed a sharper increase in PA towards the end of the study period. Furthermore, hyperactivity decreased (p = .004) and physical well-being (p = .004), perceived autonomy (p < .001), and perceived quality of school environment (p = .008) improved from before to after the easing of restrictions, yet participants' PA predicted none of these changes. CONCLUSIONS The adverse effects of COVID-19 containment on PA seem to alleviate after children and adolescents are allowed to return to schools. This is likely to be due to the school setting, which provides many different opportunities for formal and informal PA rather than students' mental health. School-related PA programs should be part of children's and adolescents' recovery from the pandemic .
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Kopp
- Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Homburg, Germany.
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Eva Möhler
- Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Homburg, Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Hospital (UKS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peter Gröpel
- University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Sport Psychology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lubert VJ, Nordin-Bates SM, Gröpel P. Effects of tailored interventions for anxiety management in choking-susceptible performing artists: a mixed-methods collective case study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1164273. [PMID: 37275685 PMCID: PMC10232982 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1164273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Not being able to manage performance anxiety and subsequently experiencing a decline in performance have been called "choking under pressure". High trait anxiety and fear of negative evaluation, as well as low self-efficacy or self-confidence, can put performers especially at risk of experiencing choking. This study, therefore, examined the effects of psychological choking interventions tailored to "choking-susceptible" performing artists individually in a coaching setting. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods (QUANT + QUAL) collective case study with nine performing artists, who each received five individual coaching sessions. The tailored choking interventions comprised acclimatization training, goal setting, and pre-performance routines, including elements such as imagery, self-talk, and relaxation techniques. Before and after the 10-week intervention phase, they filled in questionnaires on trait performance anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and self-efficacy, performed in front of a jury, and were interviewed about their experiences. Transcripts of interviews and coaching sessions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Heart rate measurements, weekly performance videos, and expert evaluations were also part of our comprehensive data. Results Quantitative data showed reductions in performance anxiety and fear of negative evaluation, and increases in self-efficacy and performance quality, from before to after the intervention phase. Most participants also had a lower heart rate when performing for the jury. Themes from qualitative analysis comprised managing nervousness and feeling more relaxed, becoming more self-confident, satisfaction with artistic and mental performance, feeling good and enjoying performing, and general positive effects. Conclusion Tailoring psychological interventions may provide several benefits for choking-susceptible performing artists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika J. Lubert
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sanna M. Nordin-Bates
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Sport Science, Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kessler L, Gröpel P, Aichner H, Aspalter G, Kuster L, Schmölzer GM, Berger A, Wagner M, Simma B. Eye-tracking during simulated endotracheal newborn intubation: a prospective, observational multi-center study. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02561-x. [PMID: 36932183 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to assess health care providers' (HCPs) visual attention (VA) by using eye-tracking glasses during a simulated neonatal intubation. METHODS HCPs from three pediatric and neonatal departments (Feldkirch and Vienna, Austria, and Edmonton, Canada) completed a simulated neonatal intubation scenario while wearing eye-tracking glasses (Tobii Pro Glasses 2®, Tobii, Stockholm, Sweden) to record their VA. Main outcomes included duration of intubation, success rate, and VA. We further compared orotracheal and nasotracheal intubations. RESULTS 30 participants were included. 50% completed the intubation within 30 s (M = 35.40, SD = 16.01). Mostly nasotracheal intubations exceeded the limit. Experience was an important factor in reducing intubation time. VA differed between more and less experienced HCPs as well as between orotracheal and nasotracheal intubations. Participants also focused on different areas of interest (AOIs) depending on the intubator's experience. More experience was associated with a higher situational awareness (SA) and fewer distractions, which, however, did not transfer to significantly better intubation performance. CONCLUSION Half of the intubations exceeded the recommended time limit. Differences in intubation duration depending on type of intubation were revealed. VA differed between HCPs with different levels of experience and depended on duration and type of intubation. IMPACT Simulated neonatal intubation duration differs between orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation. Visual attention during simulated neonatal intubation shows differences depending on intubation duration, intubator experience, type of intubation, and level of distraction. Intubator experience is a vital parameter for reducing intubation duration and improving intubator focus on task-relevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kessler
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria. .,Pediatric Simulation Center, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria. .,Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Division of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Aichner
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria.,Pediatric Simulation Center, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Gerhard Aspalter
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria.,Pediatric Simulation Center, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Lucas Kuster
- Pediatric Simulation Center, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Georg M Schmölzer
- Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Simma
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria.,Pediatric Simulation Center, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
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Altermann W, Gröpel P. Effects of acute endurance, strength, and coordination exercise interventions on attention in adolescents: A randomized controlled study. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 64:102300. [PMID: 37665800 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare three different modes of an acute bout of exercise - endurance, strength, and coordination - in their effects on adolescents' attention. DESIGN This was a preregistered, prospective, randomized intervention study with four groups and two distinct measurement occasions. METHOD Eighty adolescent students aged 15-18 years were randomized to one of three exercise intervention groups (endurance, strength, coordination) or to a non-exercise, control group. The exercise interventions lasted for 25 min. The random assignment to the study groups was stratified according to participants' age and gender. Before and after the exercise intervention, all participants completed the revised d2-test of attention. A 4 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA with contrast-coded test was used as the main analysis method. RESULTS Attentional test performance increased from before to after the exercise intervention for all exercise groups, as compared with the control group. The three exercise groups improved equally and did not differ in their attentional scores after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS An acute bout of exercise was in general beneficial for adolescent students' attention, while the mode of the provided exercise training was not decisive. School directors and teachers are encouraged to incorporate exercise-related breaks into their school plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Altermann
- Division of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport Science, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Division of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport Science, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Gröpel P, Wagner M, Bibl K, Schwarz H, Eibensteiner F, Berger A, Cardona FS. Provider Visual Attention Correlates With the Quality of Pediatric Resuscitation: An Observational Eye-Tracking Study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:867304. [PMID: 35685920 PMCID: PMC9171025 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.867304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eye-tracking devices are an innovative tool to understand providers' attention during stressful medical tasks. The knowledge about what gaze behaviors improve (or harm) the quality of clinical care can substantially improve medical training. The aim of this study is to identify gaze behaviors that are related to the quality of pediatric resuscitation. Methods Forty students and healthcare providers performed a simulated pediatric life support scenario, consisting of a chest compression task and a ventilation task, while wearing eye-tracking glasses. Skill Reporter software measured chest compression (CC) quality and Neo Training software measured ventilation quality. Main eye-tracking parameters were ratio [the number of participants who attended a certain area of interest (AOI)], dwell time (total amount of time a participant attended an AOI), the number of revisits (how often a participant returned his gaze to an AOI), and the number of transitions between AOIs. Results The most salient AOIs were infant chest and ventilation mask (ratio = 100%). During CC task, 41% of participants also focused on ventilation bag and 59% on study nurse. During ventilation task, the ratio was 61% for ventilation bag and 36% for study nurse. Percentage of correct CC rate was positively correlated with dwell time on infant chest (p = 0.044), while the overall CC quality was negatively correlated with dwelling outside of pre-defined task-relevant AOIs (p = 0.018). Furthermore, more dwell time on infant chest predicted lower leakage (p = 0.042). The number of transitions between AOIs was unrelated to CC parameters, but correlated negatively with mask leak during ventilations (p = 0.014). Participants with high leakage shifted their gaze more often between ventilation bag, ventilation mask, and task-irrelevant environment. Conclusion Infant chest and ventilation mask are the most salient AOIs in pediatric basic life support. Especially the infant chest AOI gives beneficial information for the resuscitation provider. In contrast, attention to task-irrelevant environment and frequent gaze shifts seem to harm the quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gröpel
- Division of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport Sciences, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Bibl
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah Schwarz
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Eibensteiner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco S. Cardona
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Krois W, Schmölz L, Wagner M, Gröpel P, Unger E, Berger A, Metzelder M, Reck CA. Cysto-Vaginoscopy of a 3D-Printed Cloaca Model: A Step toward Personalized Noninvasive Preoperative Assessment in Patients with Complex Anorectal Malformations. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2022; 32:210-214. [PMID: 33757134 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the classification of the complexity of cloacal malformations and the decision on the operative approach, an exact anatomical assessment is mandatory. To benefit from using three-dimensional (3D)-printed models in preoperative planning and training, the practicability of these models should be guaranteed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and feasibility of a real-size 3D-printed cloaca model for the purpose of cysto-vaginoscopic evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a 3D reconstruction and printed a real-size, rubber-like 3D model of an infant pelvis with a cloacal malformation and asked invited pediatric surgeons and pediatric urologists to perform a cysto-vaginoscopy on the model and to complete a brief questionnaire to rate the quality and feasibility of the model and to indicate whether they would recommend the model for preoperative planning and training. RESULTS Overall, 41 participants rated the model quality as good to very good (M = 3.28, standard deviation [SD] = 0.50, on a scale from 1 to 4). The model was rated as feasible for preoperative training (M = 4.10, SD = 0.75, on a scale from 1 to 5) and most participants (85.4%) would recommend the model for preoperative training. The cysto-vaginoscopy of the model was considered as a valid training tool for real-life cases and improved the confidence on the anatomy of a cloaca. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that patient-specific 3D-printed models might be a useful tool in the preoperative evaluation of complex anorectal malformations by simulation of cysto-vaginoscopy with an excellent view on anatomical structures to assess the whole spectrum of the individual cloacal malformation. Our model might be a valuable add-on tool for specialty training in pediatric colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Krois
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Lukas Schmölz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Sport Science, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Ewald Unger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Metzelder
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Carlos Albert Reck
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Wien, Austria
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Giordano V, Bibl K, Felnhofer A, Kothgassner O, Steinbauer P, Eibensteiner F, Gröpel P, Scharnowski F, Wagner M, Berger A, Olischar M, Steyrl D. Relationship between psychological characteristics, personality traits, and training on performance in a neonatal resuscitation scenario: A machine learning based analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1000544. [PMID: 36467496 PMCID: PMC9715966 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In life-threatening emergency events, prompt decision-making and accurate reactions are essential for saving a human's life. Some of these skills can be improved by regular simulation trainings. However, besides these factors, individual characteristics may play a significant role in the patients' outcome after a resuscitation event. This study aimed to differentiate personality characteristics of team members who take responsibility for their actions, contextualizing the effect of training on resuscitation performance. METHODS Six hundred and two third-year medical students were asked to answer psychological and personality questionnaires. Fifty-five of them performed in a neonatal simulation resuscitation scenario. To assess participants' performances in the NLS scenario, we used a scenario-based designed NLS checklist. A machine learning design was utilized to better understand the interaction of psychological characteristics and training. The first model aimed to understand how to differentiate between people who take responsibility for their actions vs. those who do not. In a second model, the goal was to understand the relevance of training by contextualizing the effect of training to other important psychological and personality characteristics like locus of control, anxiety, emotion regulation, openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found for psychological characteristics between the training group and the no training group. However, as expected, differences were noted in favor of the training group for performance and within gender for psychological characteristics. When correcting for all these information in a model, anxiety and gender were the most important factors associated with taking responsibility for an action, while training was the only relevant factor in explaining performance during a neonatal resuscitation scenario. CONCLUSION Training had a significantly stronger effect on performance in medical students in a neonatal resuscitation scenario than individual characteristics such as demographics, personality, and trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giordano
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Centre for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Bibl
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Centre for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Felnhofer
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology Medicine Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Centre for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - O Kothgassner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Comprehensive Centre for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Steinbauer
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Centre for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Eibensteiner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Gröpel
- Division of Sport Psychology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Scharnowski
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Centre for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Centre for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Olischar
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Centre for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Steyrl
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Krois W, Palmisani F, Gröpel P, Feil P, Metzelder ML, Patsch JM, Reck-Burneo CA. Assessment of sacral ratio in patients with anorectal malformations: Can magnetic resonance imaging replace conventional radiograph? J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1993-1997. [PMID: 33485613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with anorectal malformations (ARM), the sacral ratio (SR) serves as an established predictive marker for functional prognosis and is derived from conventional radiographs. More recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a diagnostic alternative for preoperative/baseline assessment of patients with ARM. With this study we aimed to evaluate if the SR could be reliable be measured from MRI images and if it correlated to SR measurements obtained from radiographs. METHODS Two raters analyzed MRI data and conventional radiographs from thirty-one subjects (n = 17 with ARM; n = 14 controls). We calculated intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) to test inter-rater reliability and applied paired t-tests to examine if SR parameters from MRI were comparable with those from pelvic radiograph. We further computed Pearson's correlation coefficients to test the linear relationship between SR calculated from MRI and conventional radiographs. RESULTS The ARM and control groups did not statistically differ in their age and weight on the day of the MRI scan. Reliability analysis revealed an excellent inter-rater agreement for SR from radiograph parameters with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.94, respectively of 0.86 for MRI (frontal plane), and of 0.84 for MRI (sagittal plane). The correlation coefficient between SR calculated from the sagittal MRI and SR calculated from radiograph images was significant and high (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). The SRs from MRI images did not significantly differ from SRs from radiographs, but were also not statistically equivalent. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the SR can be derived from MRI images with good inter-rater reliability. The SR value is marginal higher when calculated on MRI, presumably due to inclusion of cartilaginous yet unossified structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Krois
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Francesca Palmisani
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Gröpel
- University of Vienna, Department of Sport Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Feil
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin L Metzelder
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janina M Patsch
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos A Reck-Burneo
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Bibl K, Wagner M, Steinbauer P, Gröpel P, Wimmer S, Olischar M, Berger A, Hladschik-Kermer B. NeoAct: A Randomized Prospective Pilot Study on Communication Skill Training of Neonatologists. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:675742. [PMID: 34055701 PMCID: PMC8158577 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.675742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This randomized interventional study evaluated the impact of a 1-day experiential communication skills training on neonatologists' performance in doctor-parents-communication. Methods: 17 neonatologists with different levels of professional experience from the Medical University of Vienna were randomized into one of two study groups: The intervention group (IG) as opposed to the control group (CG) participated in a 1-day experiential communication training. Eight weeks after the training, participants' communication skills were assessed during an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Neonatologists were assessed in a simulated conversation by how effectively they performed when conveying complex health-related information to parents of ill infants. Participants in the control group (CG) were assessed first during the OSCE and received their communication training later on. Self-assessment questionnaires before and after the workshop and OSCE were completed. Results: The study determined that neonatologists in the IG subjectively perceived that their competence level regarding their communication skills had increased after the workshop, while this was not reflected by their performance during the OSCE assessment. Discussion: A 1-day experiential communication skills training significantly increased physicians' self-evaluation concerning their communicative competence. This perceived competence did not manifest itself in increased communication skills during the OSCE. Conclusion: Repeated training is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bibl
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Steinbauer
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Division of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Wimmer
- Department for Medical Psychology, Department for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Olischar
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Hladschik-Kermer
- Department for Medical Psychology, Department for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gröpel P, Gross IT, Wagner M. Differences in intubators’ visual attention during neonatal endotracheal intubation. Resuscitation 2020; 156:277-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abula K, Beckmann J, He Z, Cheong C, Lu F, Gröpel P. Autonomy support in physical education promotes autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity: evidence from a sample of Chinese college students. Health Promot Int 2020; 35:e1-e10. [PMID: 30590612 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the trans-contextual model, two studies aimed to test whether autonomy-supportive physical education (PE) promotes autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity among Chinese college students. Study 1 was conducted in September 2015 and used a cross-sectional design. Participants were students who provided data on perceived autonomy support and motivation for physical activity. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Study 2 took place from September to December 2015 and employed an experimental design. Participants were PE teachers and their students. The teachers were randomized to either an intervention or a control group and those in the intervention group received a 3-month long autonomy-supportive intervention program. Their students provided data on motivation. The data were analyzed with repeated measurement analysis of variance. A total of 681 students aged 16-26 years participated in Study 1. Perceived autonomy support predicted autonomous motivation in PE (β = 0.18, P = 0.001), which in turn predicted autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity (β = 0.51, P = 0.001). Ten PE teachers (28-53 years) and 258 students (16-26 years) participated in Study 2. Students who were educated by the intervention teachers had significantly stronger autonomous motivation towards leisure-time physical activity than students educated by the control teachers after the intervention, (F = 12.41, P = 0.001). The results suggest that PE may serve as an effective platform to promote an active lifestyle among Chinese college students when teachers provide students with an experience of autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahar Abula
- Chair of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beckmann
- Chair of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhongkai He
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwa Cheong
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuquan Lu
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Bibl K, Gröpel P, Berger A, Schmölzer GM, Olischar M, Wagner M. Randomised simulation trial found an association between rescuers' height and weight and chest compression quality during paediatric resuscitation. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1831-1837. [PMID: 32053243 PMCID: PMC7496260 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to examine the relationship between rescuers' anthropometric data and chest compression quality during paediatric resuscitation training. METHODS This study focused on 224 medical students (53% women) who performed 2 minutes of paediatric resuscitation at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria: 116 on a baby manikin and 108 on an adolescent manikin. Skill Reporter software measured chest compression quality by recording compression depth, frequency, hand position and complete recoil. The participants' height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. RESULTS Participants with a lower BMI achieved higher total chest compression scores on both the baby and adolescent manikins than participants with a higher BMI. The latter were more likely to exceed the correct compression depth and not achieve complete chest recoil in the adolescent manikin. When it came to the baby manikin, the female participants achieved better chest recoil and the males achieved a higher number of compressions at the correct rate. Males also achieved better chest recoil with the adolescent manikins. Being tall only correlated with incomplete recoil in the adolescent manikin. CONCLUSION The results indicate that anthropometric variables were associated with chest compression quality in paediatric patients and should be considered by future education programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bibl
- Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics Department of Paediatrics Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics Department of Paediatrics Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Georg M. Schmölzer
- Neonatal Research Unit Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation Royal Alexandra Hospital Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB Canada
- Division of Neonatology Department of Paediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Monika Olischar
- Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics Department of Paediatrics Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics Department of Paediatrics Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Neonatal Research Unit Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation Royal Alexandra Hospital Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB Canada
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14
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Bibl K, Gröpel P, Berger A, Schmölzer GM, Olischar M, Wagner M. Response to letter to the editor regarding article 'Randomised simulation trial found an association between rescuers' height and weight and chest compression quality during paediatric resuscitation'. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1910-1911. [PMID: 32304590 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bibl
- Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Department of Pediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Department of Pediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Georg M. Schmölzer
- Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation Neonatal Research Unit Royal Alexandra Hospital Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB Canada
- Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Monika Olischar
- Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Department of Pediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Department of Pediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation Neonatal Research Unit Royal Alexandra Hospital Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB Canada
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Chovanec L, Gröpel P. Effects of 8-week endurance and resistance training programmes on cardiovascular stress responses, life stress and coping. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1699-1707. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1756672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Chovanec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Applied Psychology, Work, Education, and Economy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Krois W, Reck-Burneo CA, Gröpel P, Wagner M, Berger A, Metzelder ML. Joint Attention in a Laparoscopic Simulation-Based Training: A Pilot Study on Camera Work, Gaze Behavior, and Surgical Performance in Laparoscopic Surgery. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 30:564-568. [PMID: 32208052 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2019.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Training in laparoscopic surgery seems to be an important aspect in gaining and maintaining professional competency. In experimental settings, camera navigation skills improved after simulation-based training, but the effect of camera work on the surgeon's performance is not well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a fixed camera or an operated camera, as well as the experience of the camera operator has an effect on the performance of the surgeon. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on the LapSim laparoscopic training system. The task was to tie an intracorporal knot in a static surgical environment with three different camera conditions: fixed camera, camera operated by an inexperienced person (inexpert camera), and camera operated by an experienced surgeon (expert camera). The camera conditions were counterbalanced across trials. Performance variables were completion time in seconds and the extend of movements in path length and angular pathway. Gaze behavior was measured with eye-tracking glasses worn by the surgeon as well as the camera operator and was evaluated for performance-harming effects. Results: Completion time varied across conditions, with participants performing significantly longer in the fixed camera condition than in the expert or the inexpert condition. The expert and inexpert conditions did not differ. The performance-harming effect of non-focusing on the tissue was especially visible in the fixed camera condition but disappeared in the expert camera condition. Neither the camera operators' gaze behavior nor the surgeon-camera operator fixation agreement predicted task performance. Discussion: A camera operator can potentially eliminate performance-harming effects of maladaptive gaze behavior and promote optimal visual behavior of a surgeon. In our experimental task, there was no significant difference in whether the camera operator had previous training in laparoscopic surgery or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Krois
- Division of Surgery, Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos A Reck-Burneo
- Division of Surgery, Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Division of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport Science, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin L Metzelder
- Division of Surgery, Clinical Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Schönbrodt FD, Hagemeyer B, Brandstätter V, Czikmantori T, Gröpel P, Hennecke M, Israel LSF, Janson KT, Kemper N, Köllner MG, Kopp PM, Mojzisch A, Müller-Hotop R, Prüfer J, Quirin M, Scheidemann B, Schiestel L, Schulz-Hardt S, Sust LNN, Zygar-Hoffmann C, Schultheiss OC. Measuring Implicit Motives with the Picture Story Exercise (PSE): Databases of Expert-Coded German Stories, Pictures, and Updated Picture Norms. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:392-405. [PMID: 32207995 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1726936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We present two openly accessible databases related to the assessment of implicit motives using Picture Story Exercises (PSEs): (a) A database of 183,415 German sentences, nested in 26,389 stories provided by 4,570 participants, which have been coded by experts using Winter's coding system for the implicit affiliation/intimacy, achievement, and power motives, and (b) a database of 54 classic and new pictures which have been used as PSE stimuli. Updated picture norms are provided which can be used to select appropriate pictures for PSE applications. Based on an analysis of the relations between raw motive scores, word count, and sentence count, we give recommendations on how to control motive scores for story length, and validate the recommendation with a meta-analysis on gender differences in the implicit affiliation motive that replicates existing findings. We discuss to what extent the guiding principles of the story length correction can be generalized to other content coding systems for narrative material. Several potential applications of the databases are discussed, including (un)supervised machine learning of text content, psychometrics, and better reproducibility of PSE research.
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18
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Mesagno C, Garvey J, Tibbert SJ, Gröpel P. An Investigation Into Handedness and Choking Under Pressure in Sport. Res Q Exerc Sport 2019; 90:217-226. [PMID: 30920352 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1588935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED When athletes fail to perform at an expected level during an important moment, it is implied the athletes have experienced "choking" (sudden decline in performance) under pressure.". Researchers have reported that persistent left-hemispheric activation patterns occur when an athlete experiences considerable performance deteriorations under pressure. Researchers have also observed differences in brain activation patterns between left- and right-handed people on a variety of physical and cognitive tests, with the left-hemispheric activation more pronounced in right-handed participants. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether athletes' handedness may be linked to choking susceptibility (i.e., likelihood to experience performance decline under pressure). METHOD Twenty right-handed and 13 left-handed experienced Australian football players completed 15 shot attempts, in both a low-pressure and a high-pressure condition. Both groups displayed equal state anxiety increases due to the pressure manipulation, indicating similar increases in anxiety in both handedness groups. RESULTS Differences were indicated in performance between the left- and right-handed groups during the high-pressure condition, with the left-handed group maintaining, and the right-handed participants declining, performance. CONCLUSION Future electroencephalogram (EEG) research investigating this link may clarify the effect between handedness and choking.
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19
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Wagner M, Bibl K, Hrdliczka E, Steinbauer P, Stiller M, Gröpel P, Goeral K, Salzer-Muhar U, Berger A, Schmölzer GM, Olischar M. Effects of Feedback on Chest Compression Quality: A Randomized Simulation Study. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2018-2441. [PMID: 30700565 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim for this study was to test whether visual and verbal feedback compared with instructor-led feedback improve the quality of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS There were 653 third-year medical students randomly assigned to practice pediatric CPR on 1 of 2 manikins (infant and adolescent; n = 344 and n = 309, respectively). They were further randomly assigned to 1 of 3 feedback groups: The instructor feedback (IF) group (n = 225) received traditional, instructor-led feedback without any additional feedback device. The device feedback (DF) group (n = 223) received real-time visual feedback from a feedback device. The instructor and device feedback (IDF) group (n = 205) received verbal feedback from an instructor who continuously reviewed the trainees' performance using the feedback device. After the training, participants' CPR performance was assessed on the same manikin while no feedback was being provided. RESULTS For the primary outcome of total compression score, participants in the DF and IDF groups performed similarly, with both groups showing scores significantly (P < .001) better than those of the IF group. The same findings held for correct hand position and the proportion of complete release. For compression rate, the DF group was at the higher end of the guideline for 100 to 120 chest compressions per minute compared with the IF and IDF groups (both P < .001). No effect of feedback on compression depth was found. CONCLUSIONS Chest compression performance significantly improved with both visual and verbal feedback compared with instructor-led feedback. Feedback devices should be implemented during pediatric resuscitation training to improve resuscitation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- Divisions of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, and .,Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Katharina Bibl
- Divisions of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, and
| | - Emilie Hrdliczka
- Divisions of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, and
| | - Philipp Steinbauer
- Divisions of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, and
| | - Maria Stiller
- Divisions of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, and
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education, and Economy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Katharina Goeral
- Divisions of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, and
| | - Ulrike Salzer-Muhar
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Divisions of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, and
| | - Georg M Schmölzer
- Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Monika Olischar
- Divisions of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, and
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20
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Gröpel P, Urner M, Pruessner JC, Quirin M. Endurance- and Resistance-Trained Men Exhibit Lower Cardiovascular Responses to Psychosocial Stress Than Untrained Men. Front Psychol 2018; 9:852. [PMID: 29910757 PMCID: PMC5992644 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that regular physical exercise reduces physiological reactivity to psychosocial stress. However, previous research mainly focused on the effect of endurance exercise, with only a few studies looking at the effect of resistance exercise. The current study tested whether individuals who regularly participate in either endurance or resistance training differ from untrained individuals in adrenal and cardiovascular reactivity to psychosocial stress. Twelve endurance-trained men, 10 resistance-trained men, and 12 healthy but untrained men were exposed to a standardized psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test. Measurements of heart rate, free salivary cortisol levels, and mood were obtained throughout the test and compared among the three groups. Overall, both endurance- and resistance-trained men had lower heart rate levels than untrained men, indicating higher cardiac performance of the trained groups. Trained men also exhibited lower heart rate responses to psychosocial stress compared with untrained men. There were no significant group differences in either cortisol responses or mood responses to the stressor. The heart rate results are consistent with previous studies indicating reduced cardiovascular reactivity to psychosocial stress in trained individuals. These findings suggest that long-term endurance and resistance trainings may be related to the same cardiovascular benefits, without exhibiting strong effects on the cortisol reactivity to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gröpel
- Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maren Urner
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Markus Quirin
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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21
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Cross-Villasana F, Gröpel P, Ehrlenspiel F, Beckmann J. Central theta amplitude as a negative correlate of performance proficiency in a dynamic visuospatial task. Biol Psychol 2018; 132:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abula K, Gröpel P, Chen K, Beckmann J. Does knowledge of physical activity recommendations increase physical activity among Chinese college students? Empirical investigations based on the transtheoretical model. J Sport Health Sci 2018; 7:77-82. [PMID: 30356484 PMCID: PMC6180551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the transtheoretical model, the current study investigated whether awareness of physical activity (PA) recommendations had an impact on the stages of PA behavior change and levels of PA among Chinese college students. METHODS In Study 1, with a cross-sectional study design, 9826 students were recruited, and their knowledge of international PA recommendations, PA stage distribution, and self-reported PA level were surveyed. Pearson's χ 2 test was used to test whether those participants who were aware and not aware of PA guidelines were equally distributed across the stages of PA behavior, and independent t test was conducted to test the group difference in the actual levels of PA. In Study 2, 279 students who were not aware of the PA recommendations were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group, and only those in the intervention group were presented with international PA guidelines. In both groups, students' PA stages and PA level were examined before the test and then 4 months post-test. McNemar's test for correlated proportions and repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted to examine the changes in PA stage membership and PA level after the intervention. RESULTS Study 1 results revealed that only 4.4% of the surveyed students had correct knowledge of PA recommendations. Those who were aware of the recommendations were in later stages of PA behavior (χ 2(4) = 167.19, p < 0.001). They were also significantly more physically active than those who were not aware of the recommendations (t(443.71) = 9.00, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.53). Study 2 results demonstrated that the intervention group participants who were at the precontemplation and contemplation stages at the pre-test each progressed further in the PA stages in the post-test (χ 2(1) = 112.06, p < 0.001; χ 2(1) = 118.76, p = 0.03, respectively), although no significant change in PA level was observed (t(139) < 1, p = 0.89). CONCLUSION The results showed that awareness of the PA recommendations was associated with higher stages and levels of PA behavior, and a brief educational exposure to PA recommendations led to improved stages of PA behavior but no change in the levels of PA among Chinese college students. More effective public health campaign strategies are needed to promote the dissemination of the PA recommendations and to raise the awareness of the Chinese student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahar Abula
- Technical University of Munich, München 80992, Germany
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Technical University of Munich, München 80992, Germany
| | - Kai Chen
- South West Jiao Tong University, Chengdu 611756, China
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Abula K, Beckmann J, Chen K, Gröpel P. Validation of the Chinese version of the physical activity stages of change questionnaire. Cogent Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2016.1228509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kahar Abula
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, München 80992, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beckmann
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, München 80992, Germany
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Physical Education, South West Jiao Tong University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, München 80992, Germany
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Cross-Villasana F, Gröpel P, Doppelmayr M, Beckmann J. Correction: Unilateral Left-Hand Contractions Produce Widespread Depression of Cortical Activity after Their Execution. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150048. [PMID: 26894307 PMCID: PMC4760729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Laut Rheinberg (1996) begeben sich Menschen in riskante Sportaktivitäten weil sie (1) durch die Meisterung schwieriger Situationen eigene Kompetenz erleben, (2) die Bedrohung als erregend empfinden und (3) ihr Körper dabei häufig in ungewöhnliche, doch genussfähige Zustände versetzt wird. Diese Anreiztrias wurde mittels strukturierten Interviews auf ihre Relevanz in der Risikosportart Freeride-Skifahren überprüft. Zehn professionelle Freeride-Skifahrer wurden befragt. Kompetenzerleben und erregende Bedrohungswahrnehmung stellten die stärksten motivationalen Anreize für die Fahrer dar. Ungewöhnliche Bewegungszustände wie das Erleben von Schnelligkeit und Rotationen wurden ebenfalls häufig genannt, doch weniger als Kompetenzerleben. Zusätzlich wurden Naturerleben und Freiheit als bedeutende Anreize identifiziert. Die motivationale Kraft dieser Anreize wird aber unter bestimmten Umständen geschwächt. Zum einen wenn die Verletzungsgefahr als zu hoch eingestuft wird und zum anderen wenn extrinsische Anreize wie Ergebnis und Platzierung im Mittelpunkt stehen.
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Cross-Villasana F, Gröpel P, Doppelmayr M, Beckmann J. Unilateral Left-Hand Contractions Produce Widespread Depression of Cortical Activity after Their Execution. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145867. [PMID: 26709832 PMCID: PMC4692494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The execution of unilateral hand contractions before performance has been reported to produce behavioral aftereffects in various tasks. These effects have been regularly attributed to an induced shift in activation asymmetry to the contralateral hemisphere produced by the contractions. An alternative explanation proposes a generalized state of reduced bilateral cortical activity following unilateral hand contractions. The current experiment contrasted the above explanation models and tested the state of cortical activity after the termination of unilateral hand contractions. Twenty right-handed participants performed hand contractions in two blocks, one for each hand. Using electroencephalogram (EEG), the broad alpha band and its asymmetry between hemispheres before, during, and after hand contractions were analyzed. During contractions, significant bilateral decrease in alpha amplitudes (indicating cortical activation) emerged for both hands around sensory-motor regions. After contractions, alpha amplitudes increased significantly over the whole scalp when compared to baseline, but only for the left hand. No modulation of hemispheric asymmetry was observed at any phase. The results suggest that unilateral hand contractions produce a state of reduced cortical activity after their termination, which is more pronounced if the left hand was used. Consequently, we propose that the reduced cortical activity (and not the persistent activation asymmetry) may facilitate engagement in subsequent behavior, probably due to preventing interference from other, nonessential cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Chair of Sport Psychology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michael Doppelmayr
- Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beckmann
- Chair of Sport Psychology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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Abstract
Nach Krug und Kuhl (2006) sollten die Motivprofile von Leistungssportlern eine Passung zu den Anforderungen der jeweiligen Sportart aufweisen. Diesen Annahmen zufolge sollten bei Leistungssporttreibenden insbesondere das Leistungs- und Machtmotiv dominant sein. Im Rahmen zweier Studien wurde die Stärke des Macht-, Leistungs- und Anschlussmotivs von Leistungssporttreibenden mit denen von Freizeitsporttreibenden verglichen. In Studie 1 wurden die Motivprofile von 29 Leistungssporttreibenden mit denen von 34 Freizeitsportreibenden aus technik- und ausdauerorientierten Sportarten verglichen. An Studie 2 nahmen 86 Tennis-, Tischtennis- und Badmintonspieler als Hochleistungssportler teil deren Motivprofile mit denen von 57 Freizeitsporttreibenden aus interaktiven Sportarten verglichen wurden. Die impliziten Motive wurden mit Bildgeschichtenübungen (Picture Story Exercise, Operanter Motive Test) erhoben, die expliziten Motive mit Fragebögen (Zielsetzungsinventar, Personality Research Form). Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Annahmen, dass Leistungssporttreibende höhere implizite und explizite Leistungsmotive als Freizeitsporttreibende zeigen. Die Unterschiede in den Anschlussmotiven und impliziten Machtmotiv wurden nur bei Hochleistungssportlern aus interaktiven Sportarten (Studie 2) gefunden.
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Abstract
Three studies investigated the role of action versus state orientation in how people deal with depletion of self-control resources. Action-oriented persons were expected to continue allocating resources and hence to perform better than state-oriented persons who were expected to conserve strength. Consistent with this, action-oriented persons performed better on the d2 test of attention than state-oriented persons after a strenuous physical exercise (Study 1), showed higher acuity on the critical fusion frequency test after a test of vigilance (Study 2), and performed better on the Stroop test after a depleting sensorimotor task (Study 3). No differences emerged between action- and state-oriented persons in their initial performance and in a non-depleting context. The impact of depletion on subsequent performance is thus not fixed, but moderated by personality.
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Beckmann J, Gröpel P, Ehrlenspiel F. Preventing motor skill failure through hemisphere-specific priming: Cases from choking under pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 142:679-91. [DOI: 10.1037/a0029852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kellmann M, Gröpel P, Beckmann J. Evaluation und Qualitätsoptimierung der sportpsychologischen Betreuungsarbeit im deutschen Spitzensport. Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010/a000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die Evaluation der Wirksamkeit von Interventionen zur Leistungsverbesserung ist eine der größten Herausforderungen der angewandten Sportpsychologie. Verschiedene Modellvorstellungen mit unterschiedlichen Evaluationsschwerpunkten existieren in anderen Bereichen der angewandten Psychologie. Dieser Beitrag stellt aktuelle Konzepte zur Ausbildungs-, Prozess- und Ergebnisevaluation in der Sportpsychologie sowie auch in anderen Fachdisziplinen (Klinische Psychologie) vor. Abschließend werden diese Erkenntnisse zusammengefasst und ein Ansatz zur Evaluation und Qualitätsoptimierung der sportpsychologischen Betreuungsarbeit in Deutschland vorgestellt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Gröpel
- Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaft, Technische Universität München
| | - Jürgen Beckmann
- Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaft, Technische Universität München
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Abstract
Self-leadership and volition are conceptually similar concepts. Both propose self-influence strategies that aim to improve the motivation and self-direction necessary to perform well. The present study assesses whether self-leadership strategies maintain construct-specific variance when compared with the similar strategies of volition. Results from a questionnaire study (N=320) indicate that self-leadership and volitional strategies are distinguishable and only moderately (r = .33) correlated. Self-leadership, therefore, supplements volition during goal attainment. Findings are discussed in light of the Rubicon model of action phases.
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Abstract
Abstract. Balance in life is an important predictor of well-being and health. This pilot research investigates the relationship between self-regulation and life balance, that is, the appropriate proportion of time spent across major life domains. In Study 1, time management was investigated as a self-regulatory competence. In contrast to expectations, time management showed only an indirect relationship to life balance through the perceived control over time. In Study 2, self-motivation, self-relaxation, and self-determination were studied as additional components of self-regulation. As expected, self-determination predicted life balance. Self-motivation and self-relaxation were linked to self-determination and showed an indirect relationship to life balance. In line with theoretical expectations, persons skilled in self-motivation and self-relaxation scored higher on self-determination, which, in turn, facilitated balance among life domains.
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