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Renner P, Da Silva T, Schnitzbauer AA, Verloh N, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK. Hepatocellular carcinoma progression during bridging before liver transplantation. BJS Open 2021; 5:6220251. [PMID: 33839747 PMCID: PMC8038254 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recipient selection for liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is based primarily on criteria affecting the chance of long-term success. Here, the relationship between pretransplant bridging therapy and long-term survival was investigated in a subgroup analysis of the SiLVER Study. Methods Response to bridging, as defined by comparison of imaging at the time of listing and post-transplant pathology report, was categorized into controlled versus progressive disease (more than 20 per cent tumour growth or development of new lesions). Results Of 525 patients with HCC who had liver transplantation, 350 recipients underwent pretransplant bridging therapy. Tumour progression despite bridging was an independent risk factor affecting overall survival (hazard ratio 1.80; P = 0.005). For patients within the Milan criteria (MC) at listing, mean overall survival was longer for those with controlled versus progressive disease (6.8 versus 5.8 years; P < 0.001). Importantly, patients with HCCs outside the MC that were downsized to within the MC before liver transplantation had poor outcomes compared with patients who never exceeded the MC (mean overall survival 6.2 versus 6.6 years respectively; P = 0.030). Conclusion Patients with HCCs within the MC that did not show tumour progression under locoregional therapy had the best outcomes after liver transplantation. Downstaging into the limits of the MC did not improve the probability of survival. Prognostic factors determining the long-term success of liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are still under discussion. A subgroup analysis of the SiLVER trial showed that disease control under bridging therapy is strongly associated with improved prognosis in terms of overall survival. However, in tumours exceeding the limits of the Milan criteria, downstaging did not restore the probability of survival compared with that of patients within the Milan criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Renner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Da Silva
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A A Schnitzbauer
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Verloh
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Regensburg, Germany
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Boerner T, Graichen A, Jeiter T, Zemann F, Renner P, März L, Soeder Y, Schlitt HJ, Piso P, Dahlke MH. CRS-HIPEC Prolongs Survival but is Not Curative for Patients with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:3972-3977. [PMID: 27313067 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a dismal feature of gastric cancer that most often is treated by systemic palliative chemotherapy. In this retrospective matched pairs-analysis, we sought to establish whether specific patient subgroups alternatively should be offered a multimodal therapy concept, including cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC). METHODS Clinical outcomes of 38 consecutive patients treated with gastrectomy, CRS and HIPEC for advanced gastric cancer with PC were compared to patients treated by palliative management (with and without gastrectomy) and to patients with advanced gastric cancer with no evidence of PC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression models were applied. RESULTS Median survival time after gastrectomy was similar between patients receiving CRS-HIPEC and matched control patients operated for advanced gastric cancer without PC [18.1 months, confidence interval (CI) 10.1-26.0 vs. 21.8 months, CI 8.0-35.5 months], resulting in comparable 5-year survival (11.9 vs. 12.1 %). The median survival time after first diagnosis of PC for gastric cancer was 17.2 months (CI 10.1-24.2 months) in the CRS-HIPEC group compared with 11.0 months (CI 7.4-14.6 months) for those treated by gastrectomy and chemotherapy alone, resulting in a twofold increase of 2-year survival (35.8 vs. 16.9 %). CONCLUSIONS We provide retrospective evidence that multimodal treatment with gastrectomy, CRS, and HIPEC is associated with improved survival for patients with PC of advanced gastric cancer compared with gastrectomy and palliative chemotherapy alone. We also show that patients treated with CRS-HIPEC have comparable survival to matched control patients without PC. However, regardless of treatment scheme, all patients subsequently recur and die of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boerner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Graichen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Jeiter
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Zemann
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Renner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L März
- Department of Surgery, St. John of God Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Y Soeder
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Piso
- Department of Surgery, St. John of God Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M H Dahlke
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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3
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Rovira J, Renner P, Sabet-Baktach M, Eggenhofer E, Koehl GE, Lantow M, Lang SA, Schlitt HJ, Campistol JM, Geissler EK, Kroemer A. Cyclosporine A Inhibits the T-bet-Dependent Antitumor Response of CD8(+) T Cells. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1139-47. [PMID: 26855194 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transplant recipients face an increased risk of cancer compared with the healthy population. Although several studies have examined the direct effects of immunosuppressive drugs on cancer cells, little is known about the interactions between pharmacological immunosuppression and cancer immunosurveillance. We investigated the different effects of rapamycin (Rapa) versus cyclosporine A (CsA) on tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells. After adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cell receptor-transgenic OTI T cells, recipient mice received either skin grafts expressing ovalbumin (OVA) or OVA-expressing B16F10 melanoma cells. Animals were treated daily with Rapa or CsA. Skin graft rejection and tumor growth as well as molecular and cellular analyses of skin- and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were performed. Both Rapa and CsA were equally efficient in prolonging skin graft survival when applied at clinically relevant doses. In contrast to Rapa-treated animals, CsA led to accelerated tumor growth in the presence of adoptively transferred tumor-reactive CD8(+) OTI T cells. Further analyses showed that T-bet was downregulated by CsA (but not Rapa) in CD8(+) T cells and that cancer cytotoxicity was profoundly inhibited in the absence of T-bet. CsA reduces T-bet-dependent cancer immunosurveillance by CD8(+) T cells. This may contribute to the increased cancer risk in transplant recipients receiving calcineurin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rovira
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Renner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Sabet-Baktach
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G E Koehl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Lantow
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S A Lang
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J M Campistol
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Kroemer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
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Ehehalt K, Renner P, Zeman F, Pfister K, Riquelme P, Graf BM, Geissler EK, Kasprzak P, Schlitt HJ, Bein T, Hutchinson JA, Gocze I. High normal values of circulating immune cell subsets before surgery may be protective against development of postoperative acute kidney injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796074 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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5
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Rovira J, Renner P, Sabet-Baktach M, Lantow M, Eggenhofer E, Koehl G, Schlitt H, Campistol J, Geissler E, Kroemer A. Calcineurin Inhibitors Impede Antigen-Specific Anti-Tumor CD8+ T Cell Responses in Transplantation By Down-Regulating T-bet. Transplantation 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201407151-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Göcze I, Herzog R, Koch M, Renner P, Zeman F, Graf BM, Schlitt HJ, Bein T. Postoperative acute kidney injury can be predicted by the novel biomarkers insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 as early as 6 hours after surgery. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4069451 DOI: 10.1186/cc13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Scholz S, Renner P, Belanger SE, Busquet F, Davi R, Demeneix BA, Denny JS, Léonard M, McMaster ME, Villeneuve DL, Embry MR. Alternatives to in vivo tests to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fish and amphibians--screening for estrogen, androgen and thyroid hormone disruption. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012. [PMID: 23190036 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.737762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption is considered a highly relevant hazard for environmental risk assessment of chemicals, plant protection products, biocides and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, screening tests with a focus on interference with estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways in fish and amphibians have been developed. However, they use a large number of animals and short-term alternatives to animal tests would be advantageous. Therefore, the status of alternative assays for endocrine disruption in fish and frogs was assessed by a detailed literature analysis. The aim was to (i) determine the strengths and limitations of alternative assays and (ii) present conclusions regarding chemical specificity, sensitivity, and correlation with in vivo data. Data from 1995 to present were collected related to the detection/testing of estrogen-, androgen-, and thyroid-active chemicals in the following test systems: cell lines, primary cells, fish/frog embryos, yeast and cell-free systems. The review shows that the majority of alternative assays measure effects directly mediated by receptor binding or resulting from interference with hormone synthesis. Other mechanisms were rarely analysed. A database was established and used for a quantitative and comparative analysis. For example, a high correlation was observed between cell-free ligand binding and cell-based reporter cell assays, between fish and frog estrogenic data and between fish embryo tests and in vivo reproductive effects. It was concluded that there is a need for a more systematic study of the predictive capacity of alternative tests and ways to reduce inter- and intra-assay variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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Horberg MA, Aberg JA, Cheever LW, Renner P, O'Brien Kaleba E, Asch SM. Letter to the Editor Response by Authors to "Development of National and Multiagency HIV Care Quality Measures". Clin Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Eggenhofer E, Benseler V, Renner P, Popp FC, Geissler E, Schlitt HJ, Dahlke MH. Role of exo- and endogeneous mesenchymal stem cells in liver ischemia reperfusion injury. Z Gastroenterol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Eggenhofer E, Steinmann JF, Renner P, Slowik P, Piso P, Geissler EK, Schlitt HJ, Dahlke MH, Popp FC. Mesenchymal stem cells together with mycophenolate mofetil inhibit antigen presenting cell and T cell infiltration into allogeneic heart grafts. Transpl Immunol 2010; 24:157-63. [PMID: 21194567 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Donor-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can induce long-term acceptance in a rat heart transplantation model when injected prior to transplantation in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In contrast, MSC alone cause accelerated graft rejection. To better understand these conflicting data we studied the effects of MSC and MMF on lymphocyte populations in heart allografts and secondary lymphatic organs. Allogeneic MSC injected prior to transplantation are immunogenic in this model because activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells emerged earlier in secondary lymphatic organs of MSC- and MSC/MMF-treated animals, compared to animals not treated with MSC. Consequently T cells infiltrated the grafts of MSC-only treated animals promptly causing accelerated graft rejection. However, few T cells or antigen-presenting cells (APC) infiltrated the grafts of animals treated with MSC and MMF. Consistent with this finding, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin was down-regulated exclusively in MSC/MMF-treated grafts, indicating that MSC together with MMF interfere with endothelial activation. Additionally, the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enhanced MSC capabilities to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. Interestingly, MMF did not influence serum IFN-γ levels in vivo. Together, our data indicate that MSC pre-activate T cells, but co-treatment with MMF eliminates these T cells, decreases intragraft APC and T cell trafficking by inhibiting endothelial activation, and allows IFN-γ stimulation of suppressive MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Renner P, Popp F, Eggenhofer E, Slowik P, Piso P, Geissler E, Schlitt H, Dahlke M. Antigen-specific recognition is critical for the function of regulatory CD8+CD28− T cells. Transpl Immunol 2010; 22:144-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Renner P, Eggenhofer E, Rosenauer A, Popp FC, Steinmann JF, Slowik P, Geissler EK, Piso P, Schlitt HJ, Dahlke MH. Mesenchymal stem cells require a sufficient, ongoing immune response to exert their immunosuppressive function. Transplant Proc 2010; 41:2607-11. [PMID: 19715984 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged to be one of the most promising candidates for cellular immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation because the reduction of conventional immunosuppression is highly desirable. However, little is known about the details of MSC-mediated immunomodulation and their clinical relevance. To address conflicting studies about the ability of MSC to suppress or augment T-cell proliferation, we introduce a transplantation-related rat model that allows studying the influence of MSC on alloproliferation. Hearts transplanted in a fully allogeneic transplantation model (LEW to ACI) were rejected earlier when recipients were pretreated with donor MSC, indicating activation of T cells in vivo. In additional co-culture experiments, T cells were differently affected by allogeneic MSC depending on the extent of previous activation: When conditions were rendered proinflammatory by adding high concanavalin A (ConA) concentrations or proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha), MSC inhibited proliferation. Application of low doses of ConA or anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 abrogated the suppressive effect of MSC. For application of MSC in solid organ transplantation, it will be important to further describe this switch effect of MSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Renner
- Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Liska V, Slowik P, Eggenhofer E, Treska V, Renner P, Popp FC, Mirka H, Kobr J, Sykora R, Schlitt HJ, Holubec L, Chlumska A, Skalicky T, Matejovic M, Dahlke MH. Intraportal injection of porcine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells augments liver regeneration after portal vein embolization. In Vivo 2009; 23:229-235. [PMID: 19414408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Portal vein embolization (PVE) can be used prior to liver surgery to increase the volume of the remaining liver tissue after an extensive resection. However, the application of PVE is limited and new strategies to augment liver regeneration by cellular therapy are promising alternatives. MATERIALS AND METHODS The influence of syngeneic multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on liver regeneration was analysed after the ligation of the right portal vein branches in a porcine model, closely mimicking the situation of human surgery. Liver regeneration was monitored by ultrasonography, immunohistological analysis and serum biochemistry. RESULTS The volume of the contra-lateral, non-ligated liver lobe increased in all piglets after portal vein ligation. This hyperplasia occurred earlier and was more pronounced in those piglets receiving MSC infusions as compared to non-treated controls. Biochemical liver function was stable in all pigs. Only solitary transplanted MSC were detected in recipient livers two weeks after the infusion. CONCLUSION The infusion of porcine MSC into the portal vein in a setting of liver regeneration after surgical resection leads to accelerated and augmented hyperplasia. This effect is most likely due to bystander effects of the transplanted MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Liska
- Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital and Medical School Pilsen, Charles University Prague, Alej svobody 80, 304 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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14
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Popp FC, Eggenhofer E, Renner P, Slowik P, Lang SA, Kaspar H, Geissler EK, Piso P, Schlitt HJ, Dahlke MH. Mesenchymal stem cells can induce long-term acceptance of solid organ allografts in synergy with low-dose mycophenolate. Transpl Immunol 2008; 20:55-60. [PMID: 18762258 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The induction of tolerance towards allogeneic solid organ grafts is one of the major goals in transplantation medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) inhibit the immune response in vitro, and thus are promising candidate cells to promote acceptance of transplanted organs in vivo. Such novel approaches of tolerance induction are needed since, to date, graft acceptance can only be maintained through life-long treatment with unspecific immunosuppressants that are associated with toxic injury, opportunistic infections and malignancies. We demonstrate that donor-derived MSC induce long-term allograft acceptance in a rat heart transplantation model, when concurrently applied with a short course of low-dose mycophenolate. This tolerogenic effect of MSC is at least partially mediated by the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), demonstrated by the fact that blocking of IDO with 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT) abrogates graft acceptance. Moreover we hypothesize that MSC interact with dendritic cells (DC) in vivo, because allogeneic MSC are rejected in the long-term but DC acquire a tolerogenic phenotype after applying MSC. In summary, we demonstrate that MSC constitute a promising tool for induction of non-responsiveness in solid organ transplantation that warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Popp
- Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee, 11 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Dahlke MH, Asshoff L, Popp FC, Feuerbach S, Lang SA, Renner P, Slowik P, Stoeltzing O, Schlitt HJ, Piso P. Mesenteric ischemia--outcome after surgical therapy in 83 patients. Dig Surg 2008; 25:213-9. [PMID: 18577867 DOI: 10.1159/000140692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia is the prime vascular emergency for the visceral surgeon. However, the diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia is difficult, the surgical options are often limited and the overall outcome is generally poor. METHODS We report on a single center series of 83 patients undergoing surgery for mesenteric ischemia during a 3-year period. Risk factors, clinical presentation, type and timing of imaging studies and their implications for surgical therapy and outcome are analyzed. RESULTS Hypertension and diabetes were the most common risk factors (68/64% of all patients). Abdominal pain was the most general symptom upon presentation to the surgical unit (73%). Two-phase, contrast-enhanced computed tomography was applied as the standard preoperative imaging modality (correct diagnosis in 69%). Bowel resections were necessary in most patients; approaches to restore blood flow by vascular surgery interventions were applied in 17 patients (20%). The overall morbidity and mortality rate in our study cohort was expectedly high (59% 1 month mortality). CONCLUSION The diagnosis and surgical treatment of mesenteric ischemia remains a major difficulty. We recommend preoperative CT analysis followed by an aggressive indication for early surgical exploration and bowel resection. An attempt of revascularization is justified for selected patients with limited macrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Dahlke
- Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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16
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Feuerpfeil I, Hummel A, Renner P. Ausgewählte Aspekte bei der mikrobiologischen Überwachung der Trinkwasserqualität. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2007; 50:284-90. [PMID: 17334893 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-007-0153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The new drinking water ordinance (TrinkwV 2001) entered into force in 2003. In this paper we report about experiences with monitoring microbiological quality of drinking water. Special problems, for instance requirements concerning the quality of raw water, new and "old" microbiological parameters, microbiological methods, assessment of parametric values, especially in the case of values higher than the imperative value, are also described. Possible developments in this field are discussed. The paper should support microbiological laboratories, public health officers and other public authorities in monitoring and assessment of drinking water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Feuerpfeil
- Umweltbundesamt, Dienstgebäude Bad Elster, Bad Elster, BRD.
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17
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Popp FC, Slowik P, Eggenhofer E, Renner P, Lang SA, Stoeltzing O, Geissler EK, Piso P, Schlitt HJ, Dahlke MH. No contribution of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to liver regeneration in a rat model of prolonged hepatic injury. Stem Cells 2006; 25:639-45. [PMID: 17110617 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal (MS) cells from adult bone marrow are a cell population that can be expanded to large numbers in culture. MS cells might be differentiated toward hepatocytes in vitro and thus are promising candidates for therapeutic applications in vivo. The efficacy of bone marrow-derived MS cells versus hepatocytes to contribute to liver regeneration was compared in a rat model of prolonged toxic hepatic injury. Liver damage was induced by injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) or allyl alcohol (AA) with and without retrorsine (R) pretreatment. MS cells or hepatocytes of wild-type F344 rats were injected into dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)-deficient syngeneic rats. Hepatocyte chimerism was higher after intraportal hepatocyte transplantation in the R/AA group (mean maximal cluster size [MCS] = 21 cells) compared with the R/CCl(4) treatment group (MCS = 18). No hepatocyte engraftment was outlined following post-transplant CCl(4) injection only, whereas mere AA injection resulted in small clusters of donor-derived hepatocytes (MCS = 2). Intraparenchymal injection of hepatocytes was associated with a MCS = 11 after R/AA treatment and a MCS = 6 after AA administration alone. Redistribution of MS cells to the liver was shown after intraportal and intraparenchymal injection. In contrast to hepatocyte transplantation, however, donor-derived DPPIV-positive cells could not be demonstrated in any recipient after MS cell transplantation. Data from the present study indicate that a well-defined population of MS cells obtained according to established standard protocols does not differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo when transplanted under regenerative conditions, in which the application of hepatocytes results in stable hepatic engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Popp
- Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Renner P, Roger T, Anderson S, Chanson A, Bochud M, Bochud P, Levin M, Calandra T. 81 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(06)80078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Roger T, Ding X, Chanson AL, Renner P, Calandra T. 84 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of human MIF gene expression. Int J Infect Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(06)80081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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Hoeflich A, Renner P, Renner-Müller I, Wolf E. Elevated life span and altered activities of redox-relevant enzymes in IGFBP-2 transgenic mice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
A comprehensive study into the coordination chemistry of two C3-chiral tripodal amido ligands has been carried out. The amido ligands contain a trisilylmethane backbone and chiral peripheral substituents. The amine precursors. HC(SiMe2NH[(S)-1-phenylethyl]]3 (1) and HC[SiMe2NH[(R)-1-indanyl]]3 (2) were found to be in equilibrium in solution with the cyclic diamines HC[SiMe2N[(S)-1-phenylethyl]2](SiMe2NH-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]] (3) and HC[SiMe2NH[(R)-1-indanyl]][SiMe2NH[(R)-1-indanyl]) (4), which are generated upon ejection of one molecule of the chiral primary amine. Reaction of these equilibrium mixtures with three molar equivalents of butyllithium instantaneously gave the trilithium triamides HC[SiMe2N(Li)[(S)-1-phenylethyl]]3 (5) and HC[SiMe2N(Li)[(R)-1-indanyl]]3 (6), both of which were characterised by an X-ray diffraction study. Both lithium compounds possess a central heteroadamantane core, in which the two-coordinate Li atoms are additionally weakly solvated by the three aryl groups of the chiral peripheral substituents, the Li-C contacts being in the range of 2.65-2.73 A. Reaction of 5 and 6 with [TiCl4(thf)2] and ZrCl4 gave the corresponding amido complexes [TiCl-[HC[SiMe2N[(S)-1-phenylethyl]]3]] (7), [TiCl(HC[SiMe2N[(R)-1-indanyl]]3]] (8), [ZrCl[HC[SiMe2N[(S)-1-phenylethyl]]3]] (9) and [ZrCl[HC[SiMe2N[(R)-1-indanyl]]3]] (10), respectively. Of these, compound 7 was structurally characterised by X-ray structure analysis and was shown to possess a C3-symmetrical arrangement of the tripod ligand. The chiral anionic dinuclear complex [Li-(OEt2)4][Zr2Cl3[HC[SiMe2N[(S)-1-phenylethyl]]3]2] (11) was isolated from reaction mixtures leading to 9. An X-ray diffraction study established its dimeric structure, in which the chiral amido ligands cap the two metal centres, which are linked through three symmetrically arranged, bridging chloro ligands. Reaction of 9 and 10 with a series of alkyl Grignard and alkyllithium reagents yielded the corresponding alkylzirconium complexes. X-ray structure analyses of [Zr(CH3)[HC[SiMe2N[(S)-1-phenylethyl]]3]] (12) and [Zr(CH3)-[HC[SiMe2N)[(R)-1-indanyl]]3]] (20) established their detailed molecular arrangements. While the reaction of 12 with the aryl ketones PhC(O)R (R = CH = CHPh, iPr, Et) gave the corresponding C-O insertion products, which contain an additional chiral centre in the alkoxy group, with low stereoselectivity (0-40% de). The corresponding conversions with several aryl aldehydes yielded the alkoxo complexes with high stereoselectivity. Upon hydrolysis, the chiral alcohols were isolated and shown to have enantiomeric excesses between 68 and 82%. High stereodiscrimination was also observed in the insertion reactions of several chiral ketones and aldehydes. However, this was shown to originate primarily from the chirality of the substrate. In analogous experiments with carbonyl compounds, the ethyl- and butyl-zirconium analogues of 12 did not undergo CO insertion into the metal-alkyl bond. Instead, beta-elimination and formal insertion into the metal-hydride bond occurred. It was found that the elimination of the alkene was induced by
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Gade
- Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
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Klinger LG, Renner P. Performance-based measures in autism: implications for diagnosis, early detection, and identification of cognitive profiles. J Clin Child Psychol 2000; 29:479-92. [PMID: 11126628 DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2904_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Provides a critical review of performance-based assessment measures in autism. Currently, performance-based measures of autism are being explored in two domains: structured play sessions and cognitive-neuropsychological assessments. Structured play sessions are designed to elicit the behavioral symptoms associated with autism to provide a consistent and valid means of early detection and diagnosis of autism across different evaluators and settings. These structured play sessions provide a supplement to diagnostic instruments based on parental report. Cognitive-neuropsychological tasks have been used to identify possible underlying cognitive impairments in autism including executive function, theory of mind, selective attention, and abstraction. Currently, cognitive tasks are useful in treatment planning but are inappropriate for diagnostic purposes. Important goals for the future will be to integrate parent-report diagnostic interviews and structured play observations and to identify a profile of cognitive impairments that are specific to pervasive developmental disorders that can be incorporated into diagnostic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Klinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486, USA.
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Abstract
Medial temporal lobe amnesic disorder is characterized by an impairment in explicit memory (e.g., remembering a shopping list) and intact implicit memory (e.g., a woman seems familiar although you cannot remember having met her before). This study examined whether children with high-functioning autism have this same dissociation between explicit and implicit memory abilities. Children with autism and normal development participated in three memory tasks: one implicit task (perceptual identification) and two explicit tasks (recognition and recall). Children with autism showed intact implicit and explicit memory abilities. However, they did not show the typical pattern of recalling more items from both the beginning and end of a list and instead only recalled items from the end of the list. These results do not support the theory that high-functioning autism is a type of medial temporal lobe amnesia. However, these findings suggest that persons with autism use different organizational strategies during encoding or retrieval of items from memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Renner
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA
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Renner P, Peters J. Resistance of enterococci to heat and chemical agents. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed 1999; 202:41-50. [PMID: 10418099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of the standardisation efforts on disinfectant testing on the European level the test germ Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 has been included for some time in the test requirements whereas the test strain Enterococcus faecium, which has frequently been used up to now, has been largely ignored. We compared the thermal and the chemical resistance of both test germ species. In the quantitative suspension test with active ingredients from the group of aldehydes, phenols, quaternaries and oxidizing agents with the exception of peracetic acid, no significant differences were determined between the two strains. In the case of the studies on thermal resistance at 65 degrees C and 68 degrees C, Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057, by contrast, proved to be far more resistant than Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541. According to these results, priority should be given to Enterococcus faecium over Enterococcus hirae as the test germ for chemical and also chemothermal disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Renner
- Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin and Bad Elster
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Peters J, Thonke M, Renner P, Bräuniger S, Fischer I. [Effect of protamine on the microbicidal efficacy of formaldehyde]. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed 1998; 200:479-90. [PMID: 9531721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Testing the ability of commercial compounds to provide an effective disinfection of instruments requires test conditions that are close to reality which includes the proper selection of the material used to contaminate the test objects. The adhesion of the material must be strong enough to keep it attached to the test object during and after insertion into the disinfectant solution. Its characteristics should come as close as possible to those of the contaminations encountered in practice. The guideline for instrument disinfectants published by the Robert Koch-Institute recommends the use of coagulated blood. Accordingly, heparinized sheep blood is mixed with the test germs, and protamin is added to initiate coagulation. In the present investigation we compared this contamination procedure with a second one, in which coagulation was achieved by adding a CaCl2 solution to citrate blood. We also included agarose as an almost inert contaminant in our experiments. The results showed that protamine is able to increase the microbicidal efficacy of formaldehyde on staphylococci significantly. When these test germs were embedded either in citrat blood or in agarose, it took about twice the disinfectant concentrations to achieve the same microbicidal effects as with protamine blood (Fig. 1). Remarkably, the results obtained with citrate blood were the same as those with agarose, regardless of the differences in material between the two contaminants. It should also be noted that the microbicidal effect of the formaldehyde proved to be almost independent from the amount of contaminant per test area, hence, from the thickness of the layer. When M. terrae was employed as test germ, the results obtained with protamine blood and citrate blood, respectively, as contaminants were identical (Fig. 2). The same was true for the other test germs investigated, except for E. faecium (Fig. 3). The addition of even very small amounts of protamine to the embedding compound, agarose led to a substantially increased efficacy of the formaldehyde against staphylococci (Fig. 4). This effect was especially distinct in suspension (Fig. 5). Whenever the efficacy of formaldehyde-containing disinfectants is to be tested and evaluated, one should be aware of this synergism between protamine and formaldehyde. In these cases, it is advised to employ other contaminating agents, such as coagulated blood prepared by addition of CaCl2 to citrate blood.
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Kupsch A, Löschmann PA, Sauer H, Arnold G, Renner P, Pufal D, Burg M, Wachtel H, ten Bruggencate G, Oertel WH. Do NMDA receptor antagonists protect against MPTP-toxicity? Biochemical and immunocytochemical analyses in black mice. Brain Res 1992; 592:74-83. [PMID: 1360317 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(92)91660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether excitatory amino acids acting at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of the L-glutamate receptor contribute to the dopaminergic neurotoxicity induced by systemic administration of the Parkinson's syndrome-inducing toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in C57Bl/6 mice. The MPTP-regimen chosen (30-40 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously) resulted a 60-70% depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) content and a 20% reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-IR) cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta 20 days after administration. Repeated systemic coadministration of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 or of the novel competitive NMDA receptor antagonist CGP 40116 did not protect against MPTP-induced striatal DA depletion 20 days after toxin administration. Additionally, no short-term protective effects of MK-801 on striatal DA content were observed 24, 48, and 96 h, respectively, after exposure to MPTP. A slight and non-significant attenuation (approximately 10%) of the MPTP-induced decrease in the number of nigral TH-IR cells was observed after MK-801- and CGP 40116-treatment. We conclude that neurotoxicity of systemically administered MPTP is not substantially antagonized by NMDA receptor antagonists in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kupsch
- Klinikum Grosshadern, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, FRG
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Wüllner U, Kupsch A, Arnold G, Renner P, Scheid C, Scheid R, Oertel W, Klockgether T. The competitive NMDA antagonist CGP40.116 enhances L-DOPA response in MPTP-treated marmosets. Neuropharmacology 1992; 31:713-5. [PMID: 1357577 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(92)90151-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experiments in MPTP-treated non-human primates testing potential antiparkinsonian action have shown both, beneficial and adverse effects of gutamate receptor antagonists. To investigate this matter further, the novel competitive NMDA antagonist CGP40.116 was administered systemically to three adult MPTP-treated marmosets. When coadministered subcutaneously with a subthreshold dose of L-DOPA, 2 mg/kg, CGP40.116 25-250 micrograms/kg, increased locomotor activity. However, when administered alone, CGP40.116 had no effect on locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wüllner
- Eberhard-Karls University, Dept. of Neurology, Tübingen, F.R.G
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Abstract
Miniature excitatory synaptic currents were recorded from CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices to study the site of the persistent change in synaptic efficacy during long-term potentiation. Induction of long-term potentiation produced a large increase in the amplitude of these currents. Such a change in amplitude suggests an increase in postsynaptic transmitter sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Manabe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0450
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Hestrin S, Perkel DJ, Sah P, Manabe T, Renner P, Nicoll RA. Physiological properties of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1990; 55:87-93. [PMID: 1966773 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1990.055.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hestrin
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0450
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Schwegler H, Heimrich B, Keller F, Renner P, Crusio WE. Strain-specific development of the mossy fiber system in organotypic cultures of the mouse hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 1988; 87:7-10. [PMID: 3380342 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal development of the hippocampus of the inbred mice strains BALB/c, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 was studied in organotypic explant cultures using the roller-tube technique. In vivo, mice exhibit strain-specific mossy fiber distribution patterns. As a main result we found, that after cultivation of 3-4 weeks, similar strain-specific patterns became apparent in vitro, as visualized by a modified Timm staining. From this experiment we can conclude that a postnatal extrinsic influence cannot be the cause of the strain-specific hippocampal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schwegler
- Institut für Humangenetik and Anthropologie, Universität Heidelberg, F.R.G
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Renner P, Caratsch CG, Waser PG, Lazarovici P, Primor N. Presynaptic effects of the pardaxins, polypeptides isolated from the gland secretion of the flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus. Neuroscience 1987; 23:319-25. [PMID: 2825076 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(87)90292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the two toxic proteins Pardaxin I and II isolated from the gland secretion of the flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus on frog neuromuscular transmission have been investigated and compared to those of the gland secretion. Pardaxin I and II showed pre- but not postsynaptic neurotoxic effects. They increased the frequency of the spontaneous release of transmitter quanta in a dose-dependent and temperature-influenced way up to more than 100 times control values. At the same time the quantal content of the evoked end-plate potentials was greatly elevated. Pardaxin I was about 5 times more effective than Pardaxin II, and both were roughly in the same range of efficacy as the original gland secretion (w/v). The glycosteroids isolated from the same gland secretion were relatively ineffective in promoting neurotransmitter release; however, at high doses they had postsynaptic effects, as shown by a diminution of the amplitude of the evoked end-plate potentials. They did not reinforce the effect of the Pardaxins. At higher doses both the Pardaxins and the gland secretion induced depolarization of postsynaptic membranes, muscle cell contractions which could not be blocked by (+)-tubocurarine or by tetrodotoxin, and eventually also physical disruption of muscle cells. No effects on nerve conductance were observed. Pore-forming activity of the Pardaxins has already been demonstrated. It is suggested that their presynaptic effects are a result of a possible affinity to the nerve terminals, of their hydrophobicity and mainly of this pore-forming activity. These toxins might be valuable tools in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Renner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Muschter R, Kutscher KR, Böhle A, Schmeller NT, Renner P, Bünner G, Hofstetter AG, Hofsäss S, Forssmann B. [Extra-corporal shock wave lithotripsy using the HM3 Dornier lithotripter with a modified shock wave generator. Initial clinical reports of experiences]. Urologe A 1987; 26:33-5. [PMID: 3576862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the clinical application of a modified shock-wave generator for the Dornier Lithotripter HM 3. Stone fragmentation, complication rate, and frequency of auxiliary measures were unchanged in comparison to the former generator. The new shock-wave generator led to markedly reduced patient discomfort during treatment, with the result that more than 50% of all ESWLs could be done with sedation only or without any medication.
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Krietsch WK, Fehlau M, Renner P, Bücher T, Fundele R. Expression of X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase in early mouse embryos homozygous at the Xce locus. Differentiation 1986; 31:50-4. [PMID: 3732658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1986.tb00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of maternally derived X-chromosomal Pgk-1 alleles was investigated in oocytes and early embryos of mice carrying different alleles (Xcea, Xcec) of the X-chromosome controlling element (Xce) locus. Pgk-1 allelic expression was determined by measuring their gene products using Cellogel electrophoresis and a sensitive fluorimetric enzyme assay. In addition to the already existing mouse strain of the genotypes Pgk-1a Xcec and Pgk-1b Xcea, a new line was bred carrying the combination Pgk-1b Xcec. The X chromosomes carrying the combinations Pgk-1a Xcec and Pgk-1b Xcec were of feral origin, whereas Pgk-1b Xcea was derived from a laboratory line. Our results using Xcec homozygous females confirm that maternal Pgk-1 is already expressed on day 4 of embryogenesis, thus substantiating data previously obtained using Xcea/Xcec heterozygous females. This finding also demonstrates that the timing of reactivation of maternal Pgk-1 is not influenced by the Xce locus. Furthermore, we found that oocytes from Xcec homozygous females have a balanced PGK-1 A/PGK-1 B allozyme ratio (50:50), whereas in oocytes obtained from Xcea/Xcec heterozygotes, the PGK-1 allozyme ratio is about 60:40. In tissues of adult Xce homozygous females, the PGK-1 allozymes are also balanced, whereas in Xcea/Xcec heterozygous females, the ratio is about 35:65. In addition to the relative activity of the PGK-1 allozymes, we also measured the absolute activity of PGK-1 in oocytes obtained from three types of Xce homozygous females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
Intrapancreatic gas in acute pancreatitis is generally due to infection with gas-forming organisms. CT provides evidence of pancreatitis, its extent and complications. The demonstration of gas in an inflamed pancreas indicates abscess formation and is an indication for surgical intervention. A review of our own patients has shown abscess formation in six out of seven patients with gas in the pancreas. The differential diagnosis of gas collections in the region of the pancreas is discussed and illustrated by examples.
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