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Lambertini L, Di Maida F, Cadenar A, Nardoni S, Grosso AA, Valastro F, Spinelli P, Fantechi R, Tuccio A, Vittori G, Mari A, Masieri L, Minervini A. Stentless florence robotic intracorporeal neobladder (FloRIN), a feasibility prospective randomized clinical trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 2024; 50:107259. [PMID: 38011784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aim of the study was to evaluate perioperative, postoperative and mid-term functional outcomes of Florence intracorporeal neobladder (FloRIN) configuration technique performed with stentless procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single institution randomized 1:1 prospective series included consecutive patients treated with Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy (RARC) and FloRIN reconfiguration from January 2021 to February 2022. Postoperative complications were graded according to Clavien Dindo classification and divided in early (<30 days from discharge) and delayed (>30 days). RESULTS Overall, 63 patients were included in the analysis. Among these 32 (50.8 %) were treated with RARC + stentless FloRIN while 31 (49.2 %) underwent stent placement procedure. No differences were found in terms of baseline characteristics between the two groups. Stentless procedure was associated with significant shorter console time 328 vs 374 min (p = 0.04) and lower estimated blood loss (EBL) 330 vs 350 ml (p = 0.04) comparing to stent group. As regards perioperative features, no significant differences were recorded in terms of canalization (p = 0.58) and time to drainage removal (p = 0.11) while a shorter length of hospital stay was found in case of stentless procedure (p = 0.04). Early postoperative complications Clavien ≥ 3a occurred in 9.3 % and 12.9 % of patients while delayed major complications were recorded in the 3.1 % and 9.6 % of patients treated with stentless and stent FloRIN, respectively (p = 0.09). As regards the mid-term functional outcomes, no differences were found in terms of kidney function loss in both 3rd and 6th month assessment (p = 0.13 and p = 0.14, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Stentless FloRIN is a feasible and safe IntraCorporeal Neobladder technique, as confirmed by the worthy functional and perioperative outcomes achieved in comparison with the standard FloRIN ureteral management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lambertini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Maida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Cadenar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuele Nardoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Andrea Grosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Valastro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Spinelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantechi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Agostino Tuccio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Vittori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Masieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Ceccotti A, Robertis ND, Spinelli P, Vignoli A. Dynamic identification of a large glue-laminated timber roof structure. Struct Dyn 2022. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203738085-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burns E, Buson S, Cameron RA, Caputo R, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Chen S, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Costantin D, Cuoco A, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de la Torre Luque P, de Palma F, Desai A, Digel SW, Di Lalla N, Di Mauro M, Di Venere L, Fana Dirirsa F, Favuzzi C, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Green D, Grenier IA, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Horan D, Jóhannesson G, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Liodakis I, Longo F, Loparco F, Lubrano P, Magill JD, Maldera S, Malyshev D, Manfreda A, Mazziotta MN, Mereu I, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Negro M, Nuss E, Orienti M, Orlando E, Palatiello M, Paliya VS, Paneque D, Persic M, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Piron F, Porter TA, Principe G, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Serini D, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi M, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Troja E, Venters TM, Vianello G, Wood K, Yassine M, Zaharijas G, Ammazzalorso S, Fornengo N, Regis M. Unresolved Gamma-Ray Sky through its Angular Power Spectrum. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:241101. [PMID: 30608723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The gamma-ray sky has been observed with unprecedented accuracy in the last decade by the Fermi -large area telescope (LAT), allowing us to resolve and understand the high-energy Universe. The nature of the remaining unresolved emission [unresolved gamma-ray background (UGRB)] below the LAT source detection threshold can be uncovered by characterizing the amplitude and angular scale of the UGRB fluctuation field. This Letter presents a measurement of the UGRB autocorrelation angular power spectrum based on eight years of Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data products. The analysis is designed to be robust against contamination from resolved sources and noise systematics. The sensitivity to subthreshold sources is greatly enhanced with respect to previous measurements. We find evidence (with ∼3.7σ significance) that the scenario in which two classes of sources contribute to the UGRB signal is favored over a single class. A double power law with exponential cutoff can explain the anisotropy energy spectrum well, with photon indices of the two populations being 2.55±0.23 and 1.86±0.15.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S Ammazzalorso
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - N Fornengo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Regis
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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Abstract
Background Esophageal stricture is a rare complication of radiotherapy: reports on its incidence and management are therefore anecdotal. Methods From January 1978 to September 1992, 44 patients presenting with an esophageal stricture related to a previous radiation treatment were endo-scopically dilated at the Endoscopy Division of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. Results Esophageal recanalization was obtained in 95 % of the patients treated, and in 79 % of these normal eating habits were restored. No strict correlation was observed between radiation dose and severity of the stricture, or time elapsed between first treatment and endoscopic dilation. Conclusions In our experience, endoscopic dilation was a safe effective procedure and represented an effective palliative tool in dysphagic patients with esophageal strictures due to previous local radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spinelli
- Divisione di Diagnostica e Chirurgia Endoscopica, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
The merits of laparoscopy with inspection of diaphragmatic leaves were studied in 95 patients with ovarian carcinoma. Laparoscopy was positive in 19 out of 27 new cases, 11 out of 47 patients previously treated and in apparent complete remission, and 12 out of 21 patients previously treated and with disease. Thirty-one out of 95 patients were shown to have diaphragmatic metastases alone and/or associated with other localizations of disease. In 5 out of 27 new cases the stage was modified after laparoscopy. The histologic-endoscopic correlation was correct in 28/36 positive cases (78 %) and in 31/32 negative cases (97 %). In conclusion, all patients with ovarian carcinoma should be subjected to laparoscopy as staging and restaging before undergoing laparotomy.
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Abstract
Background Transanal microsurgery, endoscopic laser photocoagulation and snare resection have all been used to treat large sessile adenomas of the rectum alternatively to a surgical approach. However, such modalities are often defective due to the carpet-like shape and the frequently large extension of the lesions. Methods Ten patients with carpet-like adenoma were submitted to transanal endoscopic resection by urological resectoscope. Results Complete eradication was obtained in all lesions. The mean number of treatment sessions was 3 (range, 1-5). The mean time between the first treatment and the complete eradication was 6 months (range, 1-18). The only complications were an intraoperative and an early postoperative bleeding. There was no early or late mortality related to the procedure. Conclusions Transanal endoscopic resection by urological resectoscope appears to be a suitable therapeutic approach for sessile and carpet-like adenomas of the rectum or for pTI cancer in patients who refuse major surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spinelli
- Divisione di Diagnostica e Chirurgia Endoscopica, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Aims and Background To follow a cohort of patients who had undergone polypectomies in order to assess the overall risk of subsequent colorectal cancer in relation with various adenomas characteristics. Methods A total of 1,063 patients with adenomatous polyps of the large intestine were treated between 1979 and 1996 at the National Cancer Institute of Milan, during a screening program for colorectal carcinoma. Data on patients who had undergone colonoscopies were collected prospectively. The relation between colorectal cancer and adenomas characteristics was assessed by computing the hazard ratio (HR) values and corresponding confidence intervals (95% CI), according to Cox. Results Of the 1,063 patients who met the eligibility requirements, 672 had single adenomas (63.2%) and 391 had multiple adenomas (36.8%). Histological examination revealed 743 cases of tubular adenoma, 196 cases of tubulo-villous adenoma, and 96 cases of villous adenoma. High-grade dysplasia was found in 3.1% of the cases. During the 8,906 persons/year of follow-up, adenocarcinomas of the large bowel developed in 11 patients. Several adenomas’ characteristics at index polypectomy were significant predictors of colorectal cancer occurrence. In univariate analysis the risk of colon cancer was significantly related with multiple adenomas (HR 4.2, 95% CI 1.1-6.5), high-grade dysplasia adenomas (HR 10.0, 95% CI 2.6-38.1) and with adenomas larger than 2 cm (HR 5.0, 95% CI 1.2-20.4). A multivariate stepwise procedure confirmed that the presence of multiple adenomas and presence of high-grade dysplasia are the most important predictors of carcinomas. Hazard ratios for colorectal cancer occurrence, from multivariate Cox's model, were 5.1 (95% CI 1.2-19.9) for multiple compared to single adenomas, and 13.0 (95% CI 3.6-50.7) for adenomas with high-grade dysplasia compared to those with low-grade dysplasia. Conclusions High-grade dysplasia, number and size of adenomas were confirmed as the major cancer predictors. Based on this conclusion, a subgroup of patients, who may benefit from intensive surveillance colonoscopy, can be identifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bertario
- Digestive Surgical Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Aims and Background Evidence that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can stimulate tumor growth in humans is scanty and contradictory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of TPN on tumor cell proliferation in malnourished patients receiving preoperative TPN. Methods We evaluated variations in the S-phase cell fraction, defined as 3H-thymidine labeling index (TLI), before and after 10 days of TPN or non-administration of nutritional support in 19 malnourished patients (weight loss, ≥ 10%) with gastric cancer. TLI was determined on endoscopic biopsies at the time of diagnosis, and subsequently on the operative specimen or through intraoperative sampling. Results At diagnosis, a higher median TLI value was observed in the control than in the TPN group. Administration of TPN enhanced tumor cell proliferation in 50% of patients; however, at surgery there was no difference in the median TLI value of the two groups. Conclusions The TPN regimen seems to be associated with increased tumor cell proliferation, even though this stimulating effect was moderate and at surgery the TLIS of TPN patients and controls were not different. Although the potential stimulation probably has little consequence for patients receiving short-term preoperative nutrition, it may call for further investigation in cancer patients undergoing long-term home TPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bozzetti
- Divisione di Chirurgia dell'Apparato Digerente A, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Bandieramonte G, Marchesini R, Melloni E, Andreoli C, di Pietro S, Spinelli P, Fava G, Zunino F, Emanuelli H. Laser Phototherapy following HpD Administration in Superficial Neoplastic Lesions. Tumori 2018; 70:327-34. [PMID: 6474583 DOI: 10.1177/030089168407000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report our preliminary clinical experience with hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) injection and argon or dye laser irradiation for the treatment of 61 surface neoplastic lesions in 7 patients. Forty-three sites were multiple basal cell carcinoma in 5 patients, and the remaining 18 were cutaneous and subcutaneous recurrent breast carcinoma after mastectomy in the thoracic wall. The patients were selected on the basis of the lack of indication for conventional therapeutic modalities. The selection of irradiation procedures and laser source was based on the thickness of the lesion and extension of the disease. The photochemical reaction between HpD injected i.v. at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight and the laser beam at a dose of 60 to 120 J/cm2 resulted in 75 % favorable responses at the treated sites. Optimal therapeutic effects appeared to be critically dependent on total light dose and tumor infiltration patterns. The phototherapeutic technique proved to be effective in selected cases of neoplastic lesions, especially when conventional treatment modalities were poorly indicated or contraindicated.
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10
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Spinelli P, Pilotti S, Luini A, Spatti GB, Pizzetti P, de Palo G. Laparoscopy Combined with Peritoneal Cytology in Staging and Restaging Ovarian Carcinoma. Tumori 2018; 65:601-10. [PMID: 160100 DOI: 10.1177/030089167906500509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The merits of laparoscopy, with inspection of the diaphragmatic leaves, and of peritoneal cytology (free fluid or washing) in staging and restaging were studied in 153 patients with ovarian carcinoma. Of 153 patients examined, 83 were new cases, 34 were restaging in patients without clinical and/or radiological signs of disease, and 36 in patients with evident disease. The conversion rate for diaphragmatic metastases alone was 6%. Information about the spread of disease (diaphragmatic metastases) was obtained in 33 new cases (39.7%). In pretreated patients, laparoscopy was positive in 4 of 34 NED restaging and in 24 of 36 ED restaging. The conversion rate for peritoneal cytology was 6.6%, but information about the cellular intraperitoneal spread of the disease was obtained in 31 new cases (37.8%). In pretreated patients, peritoneal cytology was positive in 4 of 34 NED restaging and in 13 of 36 ED restaging.
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Abstract
Aims and background There is a need to assess the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis and staging of gastric cancer, especially in the early and very advanced stages of the disease when the therapeutic approach is still controversial. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 79 patients with gastric cancer in order to compare the stage defined by preoperative EUS with that assessed histopathologically. All patients underwent laparotomy for final diagnosis, staging, and eventually treatment. The results of EUS were correlated with the histologic findings of the resected specimens. Results In the uT1 group, which corresponds to early gastric cancer, the diagnosis was histologically confirmed in 85.7% of the cases. In patients with advanced tumors defined as uT3-uT4, i.e., tumors infiltrating the serosa or neighboring structures, the diagnostic concordance was 91.1%. In contrast, concordance for less advanced lesions confined to the muscular layer was only 31.2%. As regards the lymph nodes, they were defined metastatic in 31 patients and confirmed to be histologically involved in 77.4%. In contrast, when the lymph nodes were assessed as negative at EUS, they proved to be metastatic in more than half the cases. Conclusions From the data it appears that EUS has proven to be valuable in correctly staging most of the patients. EUS shows not only tumor depth and local spread but also the passage from a pathologic to a normal wall and lymph node metastasis. EUS appears to represent an important advance in the staging and follow-up of patients with gastric cancer. Instruments and techniques will continue to evolve, but the next level of research should be designed to show that the improved staging provided by EUS has clinical utility and can affect patient outcome. It is noteworthy that the highest accuracy of EUS has been shown in those conditions (uT1 and uT3-4) which currently are under consideration for a therapeutic approach that differs from the standard one.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mancino
- Centro Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture PZ, Milan, Italy
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Gowran A, Castiglioni E, Rovina D, Casalnuovo F, Nigro P, Spinelli P, Visone R, Rasponi M, Redaelli A, Pompilio G. P454The cannabinoid receptor type two is a therapeutic target for muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Gowran
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - E Castiglioni
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - D Rovina
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - F Casalnuovo
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - P Nigro
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - P Spinelli
- Milan Polytechnic , Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Milan, Italy
| | - R Visone
- Milan Polytechnic , Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Milan, Italy
| | - M Rasponi
- Milan Polytechnic , Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Milan, Italy
| | - A Redaelli
- Milan Polytechnic , Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pompilio
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Milan, Italy
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Gowran A, Spaltro G, Casalnuovo F, Vigorelli V, Spinelli P, Castiglioni E, Rovina D, Paganini S, Di Segni M, Gervasini C, Nigro P, Pompilio G. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from a Becker muscular dystrophy patient carrying a deletion of exons 45-55 of the dystrophin gene (CCMi002BMD-A-9 ∆45-55). Stem Cell Res 2018; 28:21-24. [PMID: 29414413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a dystrophinopathy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene on chromosome Xp21. BMD mutations result in truncated semi-functional dystrophin isoforms. Consequently, less severe clinical symptoms become apparent later in life compared to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dermal fibroblasts from a BMD patient were electroporated with episomal plasmids containing reprogramming factors to create the induced pluripotent stem cell line: CCMi002BMD-A-9 that showed pluripotent markers, were karyotypically normal and capable of trilineage differentiation. MLPA analyses performed on DNA extracted from CCMi002BMD-A-9 showed an in-frame deletion of exons 45 to 55 (CCMi002BMD-A-9 Δ45-55).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Gowran
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Spaltro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Casalnuovo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Vigorelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Spinelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Castiglioni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rovina
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Paganini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Grande, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Di Segni
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Grande, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nigro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Spaltro G, Vigorelli V, Casalnuovo F, Spinelli P, Castiglioni E, Rovina D, Paganini S, Di Segni M, Nigro P, Gervasini C, Pompilio G, Gowran A. Derivation of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell line lacking DMD exons 49 and 50 (CCMi001DMD-A-3, ∆49, ∆50). Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:128-131. [PMID: 29127875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by abnormalities in the dystrophin gene and is clinically characterised by childhood muscle degeneration and cardiomyopathy. We produced an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a DMD patient's dermal fibroblasts by electroporation with episomal vectors containing: hL-MYC, hLIN28, hSOX2, hKLF4, hOCT3/4. The resultant DMD iPSC line (CCMi001DMD-A-3) displayed iPSC morphology, expressed pluripotency markers, possessed trilineage differentiation potential and was karyotypically normal. MLPA analyses performed on DNA extracted from CCMi001DMD-A-3 showed a deletion of exons 49 and 50 (CCMi001DMD-A-3, ∆49, ∆50).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Spaltro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Vigorelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Casalnuovo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Spinelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Castiglioni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rovina
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Paganini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Grande, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Di Segni
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Grande, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nigro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy.
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Abdollahi S, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bruel P, Buson S, Caragiulo M, Cavazzuti E, Chekhtman A, Ciprini S, Costanza F, Cuoco A, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Palma F, Desiante R, Digel SW, Di Lalla N, Di Mauro M, Di Venere L, Donaggio B, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Focke WB, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Green D, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Kamae T, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Longo F, Loparco F, Lubrano P, Magill JD, Malyshev D, Manfreda A, Mazziotta MN, Meehan M, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Negro M, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Principe G, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Sgrò C, Simone D, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Strong AW, Tajima H, Thayer JB, Torres DF, Troja E, Vandenbroucke J, Zaharijas G, Zimmer S. Search for Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Anisotropies with Seven Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:091103. [PMID: 28306280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.091103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has collected the largest ever sample of high-energy cosmic-ray electron and positron events since the beginning of its operation. Potential anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic-ray electrons or positrons could be a signature of the presence of nearby sources. We use almost seven years of data with energies above 42 GeV processed with the Pass 8 reconstruction. The present data sample can probe dipole anisotropies down to a level of 10^{-3}. We take into account systematic effects that could mimic true anisotropies at this level. We present a detailed study of the event selection optimization of the cosmic-ray electrons and positrons to be used for anisotropy searches. Since no significant anisotropies have been detected on any angular scale, we present upper limits on the dipole anisotropy. The present constraints are among the strongest to date probing the presence of nearby young and middle-aged sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abdollahi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - M Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Ajello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0978, USA
| | - A Albert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W B Atwood
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - L Baldini
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi" dell'Università di Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Bissaldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - E D Bloom
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Bonino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Bottacini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T J Brandt
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Buson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Caragiulo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - E Cavazzuti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A Chekhtman
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - S Ciprini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Costanza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A Cuoco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Cutini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F D'Ammando
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F de Palma
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Università Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, I-80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Desiante
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - S W Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - N Di Lalla
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi" dell'Università di Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Di Mauro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Di Venere
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B Donaggio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P S Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - W B Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - S Funk
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Fusco
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D Gasparrini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N Giglietto
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Green
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - A K Harding
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Jogler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Kamae
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Larsson
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J Li
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Loparco
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J D Magill
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Malyshev
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Manfreda
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi" dell'Università di Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M N Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Meehan
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P F Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - T Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M E Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Negro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - T Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - N Omodei
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Paneque
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J S Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Pesce-Rollins
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - G Pivato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Principe
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Rainò
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Simone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - E J Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, New York 11560-1025, USA
| | - F Spada
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A W Strong
- Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Tajima
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - J B Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D F Torres
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Zaharijas
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, and Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - S Zimmer
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpuscolaire (DPNC), University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genéve 4, Switzerland
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16
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Ajello M, Albert A, Anderson B, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Chekhtman A, Ciprini S, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Costanza F, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Desiante R, Di Mauro M, Di Venere L, Domínguez A, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Guiriec S, Horan D, Jóhannesson G, Katsuragawa M, Kensei S, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Meyer M, Michelson PF, Mirabal N, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Negro M, Nuss E, Okada C, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Sánchez-Conde M, Sgrò C, Simone D, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Wood KS, Wood M, Zaharijas G, Zimmer S. Search for Spectral Irregularities due to Photon-Axionlike-Particle Oscillations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:161101. [PMID: 27152783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.161101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the search for spectral irregularities induced by oscillations between photons and axionlike-particles (ALPs) in the γ-ray spectrum of NGC 1275, the central galaxy of the Perseus cluster. Using 6 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data, we find no evidence for ALPs and exclude couplings above 5×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} for ALP masses 0.5≲m_{a}≲5 neV at 95% confidence. The limits are competitive with the sensitivity of planned laboratory experiments, and, together with other bounds, strongly constrain the possibility that ALPs can reduce the γ-ray opacity of the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ajello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0978, USA
| | - A Albert
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B Anderson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Baldini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Bissaldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R D Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E D Bloom
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Bonino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale "Amadeo Avogadro," Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Bottacini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - P Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R Buehler
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - G A Caliandro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - R A Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Caragiulo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P A Caraveo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Chekhtman
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA and Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - S Ciprini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - J Conrad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Costanza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F D'Ammando
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine
| | - F de Palma
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Università Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, I-80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Desiante
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Di Mauro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Di Venere
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A Domínguez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0978, USA
| | - P S Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Favuzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - W B Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - S Funk
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Fusco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D Gasparrini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Giglietto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - T Glanzman
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Horan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - G Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - M Katsuragawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kensei
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - M Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Larsson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J Li
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Li
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Loparco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G M Madejski
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Maldera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Manfreda
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M N Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Meyer
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P F Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - N Mirabal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - M E Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I V Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Murgia
- Center for Cosmology, Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2575, USA
| | - M Negro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale "Amadeo Avogadro," Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - C Okada
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - E Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - D Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J S Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Pesce-Rollins
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G Pivato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T A Porter
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Rainò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Simone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - E J Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, New York 11560-1025, USA
| | - F Spada
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Spinelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J B Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D F Torres
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Tosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - K S Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA
| | - M Wood
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Zaharijas
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, and Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - S Zimmer
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bregeon J, Britto RJ, Bruel P, Buehler R, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Costanza F, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Desiante R, Digel SW, Di Mauro M, Di Venere L, Domínguez A, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Godfrey G, Green D, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Hays E, Horan D, Iafrate G, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Kuss M, La Mura G, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Magill J, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Negro M, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Okada C, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Romani RW, Sánchez-Conde M, Schmid J, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Simone D, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Troja E, Vianello G, Yassine M, Zimmer S. Resolving the Extragalactic γ-Ray Background above 50 GeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:151105. [PMID: 27127954 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.151105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Collaboration has recently released a catalog of 360 sources detected above 50 GeV (2FHL). This catalog was obtained using 80 months of data re-processed with Pass 8, the newest event-level analysis, which significantly improves the acceptance and angular resolution of the instrument. Most of the 2FHL sources at high Galactic latitude are blazars. Using detailed Monte Carlo simulations, we measure, for the first time, the source count distribution, dN/dS, of extragalactic γ-ray sources at E>50 GeV and find that it is compatible with a Euclidean distribution down to the lowest measured source flux in the 2FHL (∼8×10^{-12} ph cm^{-2} s^{-1}). We employ a one-point photon fluctuation analysis to constrain the behavior of dN/dS below the source detection threshold. Overall, the source count distribution is constrained over three decades in flux and found compatible with a broken power law with a break flux, S_{b}, in the range [8×10^{-12},1.5×10^{-11}] ph cm^{-2} s^{-1} and power-law indices below and above the break of α_{2}∈[1.60,1.75] and α_{1}=2.49±0.12, respectively. Integration of dN/dS shows that point sources account for at least 86_{-14}^{+16}% of the total extragalactic γ-ray background. The simple form of the derived source count distribution is consistent with a single population (i.e., blazars) dominating the source counts to the minimum flux explored by this analysis. We estimate the density of sources detectable in blind surveys that will be performed in the coming years by the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Ajello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA
| | - A Albert
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W B Atwood
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - L Baldini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Ballet
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - G Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K Bechtol
- Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Bissaldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R D Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E D Bloom
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R Bonino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale "Amadeo Avogadro", Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - R J Britto
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - P Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R Buehler
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - G A Caliandro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - R A Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Caragiulo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P A Caraveo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E Cavazzuti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Charles
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A Chekhtman
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - J Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G Chiaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Ciprini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - L R Cominsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928-3609, USA
| | - F Costanza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S Cutini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - F D'Ammando
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine
| | - F de Palma
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Università Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, I-80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Desiante
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - S W Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Di Mauro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Di Venere
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A Domínguez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA
| | - P S Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C Favuzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S J Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - E C Ferrara
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - S Funk
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Fusco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D Gasparrini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N Giglietto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Giommi
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D Green
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - I A Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - S Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, USA
| | - E Hays
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D Horan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - G Iafrate
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
| | - T Jogler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - M Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G La Mura
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Larsson
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J Li
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Loparco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B Lott
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - M N Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA
| | - P Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G M Madejski
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Magill
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S Maldera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Manfreda
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M N Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P F Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - T Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M E Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I V Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Murgia
- Center for Cosmology, Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2575, USA
| | - M Negro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale "Amadeo Avogadro", Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - T Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - C Okada
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - N Omodei
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - D Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J S Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - M Pesce-Rollins
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Petrosian
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - F Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G Pivato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T A Porter
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Rainò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Funded by contract FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)
| | - S Razzaque
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - A Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Reposeur
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - R W Romani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Sánchez-Conde
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Schmid
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Simone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - E J Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, New York 11560-1025, USA
| | - F Spada
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Spinelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D J Suson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana 46323-2094, USA
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J B Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Tibaldo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D F Torres
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - G Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Yassine
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - S Zimmer
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Costanza F, Cuoco A, Cutini S, D’Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Desiante R, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Hewitt JW, Horan D, Hou X, Iafrate G, Jóhannesson G, Kamae T, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Magill J, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Murgia S, Nuss E, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Piron F, Pivato G, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Vianello G, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yassine M, Cerutti F, Ferrari A, Sala PR. Measurement of the high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Moon with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Phys Rev D 2016; 93:082001. [PMID: 32743154 PMCID: PMC7394319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.93.082001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the gamma-ray emission spectrum of the Moon using the data collected by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi satellite during its first seven years of operation, in the energy range from 30 MeV up to a few GeV. We have also studied the time evolution of the flux, finding a correlation with the solar activity. We have developed a full Monte Carlo simulation describing the interactions of cosmic rays with the lunar surface. The results of the present analysis can be explained in the framework of this model, where the production of gamma rays is due to the interactions of cosmic-ray proton and helium nuclei with the surface of the Moon. Finally, we have used our simulation to derive the cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra near Earth from the Moon gamma-ray data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M. Ajello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0978, USA
| | - A. Albert
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - W. B. Atwood
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - L. Baldini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G. Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R. Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Bissaldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R. D. Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R. Bonino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale “AmadeoAvogadro”, Università degli Studidi Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E. Bottacini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J. Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - P. Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - R. Buehler
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - G. A. Caliandro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - R. A. Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M. Caragiulo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P. A. Caraveo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Cavazzuti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C. Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A. Chekhtman
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA and resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - J. Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G. Chiaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Ciprini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - R. Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J. Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - F. Costanza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A. Cuoco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale “AmadeoAvogadro”, Università degli Studidi Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S. Cutini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - F. D’Ammando
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine
| | - F. de Palma
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Università Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, I-80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - R. Desiante
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - S. W. Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L. Di Venere
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P. S. Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C. Favuzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. J. Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - W. B. Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A. Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S. Funk
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P. Fusco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D. Gasparrini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N. Giglietto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Giordano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - T. Glanzman
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G. Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I. A. Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J. E. Grove
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375-5352, USA
| | - S. Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, USA
| | - A. K. Harding
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J. W. Hewitt
- Department of Physics, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - D. Horan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - X. Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China
- Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China
| | - G. Iafrate
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T. Kamae
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M. Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Larsson
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J. Li
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Li
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F. Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Loparco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. N. Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375-5352, USA
| | - P. Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J. Magill
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S. Maldera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A. Manfreda
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M. N. Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P. F. Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - W. Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - T. Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - M. E. Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A. Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata”, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S. Murgia
- Center for Cosmology, Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2575, USA
| | - E. Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - N. Omodei
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E. Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J. F. Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - D. Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J. S. Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M. Pesce-Rollins
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V. Petrosian
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F. Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - G. Pivato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Rainò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Funded by contract FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)
| | - A. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Reposeur
- Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - C. Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. J. Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, New York 11560-1025, USA
| | - F. Spada
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G. Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Spinelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - H. Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J. B. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D. J. Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - L. Tibaldo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. F. Torres
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Tosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E. Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G. Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B. L. Winer
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K. S. Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375-5352, USA
| | - M. Yassine
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | | | - F. Cerutti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Ferrari
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. R. Sala
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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19
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Ackermann M, Albert A, Anderson B, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caputo R, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cuoco A, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Desiante R, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Essig R, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Gomez-Vargas GA, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Horan D, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Li L, Llena Garde M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lubrano P, Malyshev D, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Meyer M, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Sánchez-Conde M, Schulz A, Sehgal N, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Strigari L, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Troja E, Vianello G, Werner M, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Zaharijas G, Zimmer S. Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:231301. [PMID: 26684107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.231301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies (dSphs) of the Milky Way are some of the most dark matter (DM) dominated objects known. We report on γ-ray observations of Milky Way dSphs based on six years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data processed with the new Pass8 event-level analysis. None of the dSphs are significantly detected in γ rays, and we present upper limits on the DM annihilation cross section from a combined analysis of 15 dSphs. These constraints are among the strongest and most robust to date and lie below the canonical thermal relic cross section for DM of mass ≲100 GeV annihilating via quark and τ-lepton channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Albert
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B Anderson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W B Atwood
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - L Baldini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K Bechtol
- Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Bissaldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R D Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E D Bloom
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Bonino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale "Amadeo Avogadro", Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Bottacini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T J Brandt
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - P Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R Buehler
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - G A Caliandro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - R A Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Caputo
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - M Caragiulo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P A Caraveo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Charles
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Chekhtman
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - J Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Chiaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Ciprini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - R Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - J Conrad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Academy Fellow
| | - A Cuoco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale "Amadeo Avogadro", Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Cutini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - F D'Ammando
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - A de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine
| | - F de Palma
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Università Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, I-80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Desiante
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - S W Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Di Venere
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P S Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Drlica-Wagner
- Center for Particle Astrophysics, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Essig
- C.N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3840, USA
| | - C Favuzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S J Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - E C Ferrara
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - W B Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - S Funk
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Fusco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D Gasparrini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - N Giglietto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - T Glanzman
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G A Gomez-Vargas
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Departamento de Fisíca, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - I A Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - S Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, USA
| | - M Gustafsson
- Georg-August University Göttingen, Institute for theoretical Physics-Faculty of Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Hays
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J W Hewitt
- University of North Florida, Department of Physics, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - D Horan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - T Jogler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - M Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Larsson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J Li
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Li
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Llena Garde
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Loparco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - D Malyshev
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M N Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J E McEnery
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Meyer
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P F Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M E Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Murgia
- Center for Cosmology, Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2575, USA
| | - E Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - T Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - M Orienti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - D Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J S Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Pesce-Rollins
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G Pivato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T A Porter
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Rainò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Ritz
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - M Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - N Sehgal
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - C Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E J Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, New York 11560-1025, USA
| | - F Spada
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Spinelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - L Strigari
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - H Tajima
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J B Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Tibaldo
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D F Torres
- Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Werner
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B L Winer
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K S Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA
| | - M Wood
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Zaharijas
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, and Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - S Zimmer
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ackermann M, Albert A, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Barbieri C, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cuoco A, Cutini S, D’Ammando F, Desiante FDPR, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Franckowiak A, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hagiwara K, Harding AK, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Johnson TJ, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Marshall F, Martin P, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Michelson PF, Mirabal N, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Naletto G, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Orienti M, Orlando E, Paneque D, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Romani RW, Parkinson PMS, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Uchiyama Y, Vianello G, Wood KS, Wood M, Zampieri L. An extremely bright gamma-ray pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Science 2015; 350:801-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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21
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Gonzalez JB, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Britto RJ, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Carpenter B, Casandjian JM, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, D’Abrusco R, D’Ammando F, Angelis AD, Desiante R, Digel SW, Venere LD, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Finke J, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fuhrmann L, Fukazawa Y, Furniss AK, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Itoh R, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson WN, Kataoka J, Kawano T, Krauss F, Kuss M, Mura GL, Larsson S, Latronico L, Leto C, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Ojha R, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Paggi A, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Romani RW, Salvetti D, Schaal M, Schinzel FK, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Sokolovsky KV, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stawarz L, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka Y, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Torresi E, Tosti G, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Vianello G, Winer BL, Wood KS, Zimmer S. THE THIRD CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THEFERMILARGE AREA TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/810/1/14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Clark CJ, Pletsch HJ, Wu J, Guillemot L, Ackermann M, Allen B, Angelis AD, Aulbert C, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bock O, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Champion DJ, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cuéllar A, Cutini S, D’Ammando F, Desiante R, Drell PS, Eggenstein HB, Favuzzi C, Fehrmann H, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Hou X, Jogler T, Johnson AS, Jóhannesson G, Kramer M, Krauss F, Kuss M, Laffon H, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Machenschalk B, Manfreda A, Marelli M, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Orienti M, Orlando E, Palma FD, Paneque D, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Parkinson PMS, Schaal M, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Torne P, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Vianello G, Wood KS, Wood M, Yassine M. PSR J1906+0722: AN ELUSIVE GAMMA-RAY PULSAR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/809/1/l2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Melita D, Spinelli P, Cantisani V, David E. The Role of Ultrasonography for Assessment of Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome in the Emergency Department. J Pediatr Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Melita
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Unit of Emergency Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Spinelli
- Department of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Cantisani
- Department of Radiology, Anatomopathology and Oncology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele David
- Department of Radiology, Anatomopathology and Oncology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Acero F, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Belfiore A, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogart JR, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Bregeon J, Britto RJ, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caputo R, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cavazzuti E, Charles E, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Tanugi JC, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, D’Ammando F, Angelis AD, DeKlotz M, Palma FD, Desiante R, Digel SW, Venere LD, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Finke J, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Harding AK, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Iafrate G, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Johnson RP, Johnson AS, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Kataoka J, Katsuta J, Kuss M, Mura GL, Landriu D, Larsson S, Latronico L, Goumard ML, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Massaro F, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mirabal N, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Mongelli M, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Perkins JS, Rollins MP, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Racusin JL, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Rochester LS, Romani RW, Salvetti D, Conde MS, Parkinson PMS, Schulz A, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stephens TE, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka Y, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Torresi E, Tosti G, Troja E, Klaveren BV, Vianello G, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Zimmer S. FERMI
LARGE AREA TELESCOPE THIRD SOURCE CATALOG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/218/2/23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1146] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Vita MG, Marra C, Spinelli P, Caprara A, Scaricamazza E, Castelli D, Canulli S, Gainotti G, Quaranta D. Typicality of Words Produced on a Semantic Fluency Task in Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Linguistic Analysis and Risk of Conversion to Dementia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:1171-8. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-140570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camillo Marra
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Neuropsychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Spinelli
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Caprara
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Diana Castelli
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Canulli
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Gainotti
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Neuropsychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Quaranta
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Neuropsychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Ackermann M, Albert A, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, Venere LD, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Godfrey G, Gomez-Vargas GA, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Harding AK, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hou X, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Kataoka J, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Malyshev D, Manfreda A, Massaro F, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Piron F, Pivato G, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Sánchez-Conde M, Schaal M, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stawarz Ł, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Tahara M, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Vianello G, Werner M, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Zaharijas G. THE SPECTRUM AND MORPHOLOGY OF THEFERMIBUBBLES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/793/1/64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Xiol J, Spinelli P, Laussmann MA, Homolka D, Yang Z, Cora E, Couté Y, Conn S, Kadlec J, Sachidanandam R, Kaksonen M, Cusack S, Ephrussi A, Pillai RS. RNA clamping by Vasa assembles a piRNA amplifier complex on transposon transcripts. Cell 2014; 157:1698-711. [PMID: 24910301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Germline-specific Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) protect animal genomes against transposons and are essential for fertility. piRNAs targeting active transposons are amplified by the ping-pong cycle, which couples Piwi endonucleolytic slicing of target RNAs to biogenesis of new piRNAs. Here, we describe the identification of a transient Amplifier complex that mediates biogenesis of secondary piRNAs in insect cells. Amplifier is nucleated by the DEAD box RNA helicase Vasa and contains the two Piwi proteins participating in the ping-pong loop, the Tudor protein Qin/Kumo and antisense piRNA guides. These components assemble on the surface of Vasa's helicase domain, which functions as an RNA clamp to anchor Amplifier onto transposon transcripts. We show that ATP-dependent RNP remodeling by Vasa facilitates transfer of 5' sliced piRNA precursors between ping-pong partners, and loss of this activity causes sterility in Drosophila. Our results reveal the molecular basis for the small RNA amplification that confers adaptive immunity against transposons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Xiol
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France
| | - Pietro Spinelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France
| | - Maike A Laussmann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Homolka
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France
| | - Zhaolin Yang
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France
| | - Elisa Cora
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, IRTSV, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Conn
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France
| | - Jan Kadlec
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marko Kaksonen
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France
| | - Anne Ephrussi
- Developmental Biology Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramesh S Pillai
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France; Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, France.
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Allafort A, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Bottacini E, Bouvier A, Brandt TJ, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, Dalton M, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, Di Venere L, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Gomez-Vargas GA, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hayashi K, Hewitt JW, Horan D, Hou X, Hughes RE, Inoue Y, Jackson MS, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Kamae T, Kawano T, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Roth M, Schaal M, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Strong AW, Takahashi H, Takeuchi Y, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Tronconi V, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Werner M, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Yang Z. Inferred cosmic-ray spectrum from Fermi large area telescope γ-ray observations of Earth's limb. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:151103. [PMID: 24785023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.151103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent accurate measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) species by ATIC-2, CREAM, and PAMELA reveal an unexpected hardening in the proton and He spectra above a few hundred GeV, a gradual softening of the spectra just below a few hundred GeV, and a harder spectrum of He compared to that of protons. These newly discovered features may offer a clue to the origin of high-energy CRs. We use the Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the γ-ray emission from Earth's limb for an indirect measurement of the local spectrum of CR protons in the energy range ∼90 GeV-6 TeV (derived from a photon energy range 15 GeV-1 TeV). Our analysis shows that single power law and broken power law spectra fit the data equally well and yield a proton spectrum with index 2.68±0.04 and 2.61±0.08 above ∼200 GeV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Ajello
- Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - A Albert
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Allafort
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Baldini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K Bechtol
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R D Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E D Bloom
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Bonamente
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Bottacini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Bouvier
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - T J Brandt
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Brigida
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R Buehler
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Buson
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G A Caliandro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - R A Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P A Caraveo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Charles
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Chekhtman
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - J Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Chiaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Ciprini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - R Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier, France
| | - J Conrad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Cutini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - M Dalton
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - F D'Ammando
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - F de Palma
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C D Dermer
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA
| | - S W Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L Di Venere
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - E do Couto e Silva
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P S Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - C Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S J Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - E C Ferrara
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - W B Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - S Funk
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Fusco
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D Gasparrini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - S Germani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N Giglietto
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - T Glanzman
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G A Gomez-Vargas
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Física Teórica IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - I A Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J E Grove
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA
| | - S Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Gustafsson
- Service de Physique Theorique, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bld du Triomphe, CP225, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Hadasch
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Y Hanabata
- Institute for Cosmic-Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - A K Harding
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Hayashida
- Institute for Cosmic-Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - K Hayashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - J W Hewitt
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Horan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - X Hou
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - R E Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Y Inoue
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Jackson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Jogler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A S Johnson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Kamae
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Kawano
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J Knödlseder
- CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France and GAHEC, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse, France
| | - M Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Lande
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Larsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Loparco
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M N Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA
| | - P Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M N Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J E McEnery
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Mehault
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - P F Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - T Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C Monte
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M E Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I V Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Murgia
- Center for Cosmology, Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2575, USA
| | - R Nemmen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - E Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier, France
| | - T Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A Okumura
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - M Orienti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - D Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J H Panetta
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J S Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Pesce-Rollins
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier, France
| | - G Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T A Porter
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Rainò
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Razzaque
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - A Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Ritz
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - M Roth
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - M Schaal
- National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20001, USA
| | - A Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E J Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, New York 11560-1025, USA
| | - G Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A W Strong
- Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Y Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - J G Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J B Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D J Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - L Tibaldo
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Tinivella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D F Torres
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Tosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - V Tronconi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T L Usher
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - V Vasileiou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier, France
| | - G Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - V Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Werner
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B L Winer
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K S Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA
| | - M Wood
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Blandford RD, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, Dermer CD, Digel SW, do Couto E Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Favuzzi C, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jackson MS, Jogler T, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mazziotta MN, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Piron F, Pivato G, Prokhorov D, Rainò S, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Romoli C, Sánchez-Conde M, Sanchez DA, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Tosti G, Troja E, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yang Z. Fermi LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF BLAZAR 3C 279 OCCULTATIONS BY THE SUN. Astrophys J 2014; 784:118. [PMID: 34646038 PMCID: PMC8506895 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/784/2/118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Observations of occultations of bright γ-ray sources by the Sun may reveal predicted pair halos around blazars and/or new physics, such as, e.g., hypothetical light dark matter particles-axions. We use Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (Fermi) data to analyze four occultations of blazar 3C 279 by the Sun on October 8 each year from 2008 to 2011. A combined analysis of the observations of these occultations allows a point-like source at the position of 3C 279 to be detected with significance of ≈3σ, but does not reveal any significant excess over the flux expected from the quiescent Sun. The likelihood ratio test rules out complete transparency of the Sun to the blazar γ-ray emission at a 3σ confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K Bechtol
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R D Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A W Borgland
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Bregeon
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R Buehler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Buson
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G A Caliandro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R A Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P A Caraveo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E Cavazzuti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - C Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Chekhtman
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - C C Cheung
- National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA
- Current address: Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85741 München, Germany
| | - J Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Ciprini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - R Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - F D'Ammando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- IASF Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - C D Dermer
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA
| | - S W Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E do Couto E Silva
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P S Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A Drlica-Wagner
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - W B Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - P Fusco
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D Gasparrini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - S Germani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N Giglietto
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Giommi
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - T Glanzman
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - I A Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J E Grove
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA
| | - S Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D Hadasch
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Hayashida
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - E Hays
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - R E Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M S Jackson
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Jogler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Knödlseder
- CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- GAHEC, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
| | - M Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Lande
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Larsson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Loparco
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M N Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA
| | - P Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M N Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - P F Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - C Monte
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M E Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I V Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Murgia
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R Nemmen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - E Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - T Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - N Omodei
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Orienti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J S Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - F Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Prokhorov
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Current address: Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85741 München, Germany
| | - S Rainò
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - S Razzaque
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - A Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro-und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro-und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Ritz
- Department of Physics, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - C Romoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Sánchez-Conde
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D A Sanchez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E J Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560-1025, USA
| | - G Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Tibaldo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Tinivella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Tosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, USA
| | - T L Usher
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - V Vasileiou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - V Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A P Waite
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - B L Winer
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K S Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA
| | - Z Yang
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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Quaranta D, Vita M, Spinelli P, Scaricamazza E, Castelli D, Lacidogna G, Piccininni C, Rossini P, Gainotti G, Marra C. Does Semantic Memory Impairment in Amnestic MCI with Hippocampal Atrophy Conform to a Distinctive Pattern of Progression? Curr Alzheimer Res 2014; 11:399-407. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205011666140317104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Asano K, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bonamente E, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burgess JM, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Chaplin V, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cleveland W, Cohen-Tanugi J, Collazzi A, Cominsky LR, Connaughton V, Conrad J, Cutini S, D’Ammando F, de Angelis A, DeKlotz M, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Desiante R, Diekmann A, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Finke J, Fitzpatrick G, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gehrels N, Germani S, Gibby M, Giglietto N, Giles M, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Godfrey G, Granot J, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Gruber D, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Horan D, Hughes RE, Inoue Y, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Johnson WN, Kawano T, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Moretti E, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orienti M, Paneque D, Pelassa V, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Racusin JL, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Roth M, Ryde F, Sartori A, Parkinson PMS, Scargle JD, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Sonbas E, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yamazaki R, Younes G, Yu HF, Zhu SJ, Bhat PN, Briggs MS, Byrne D, Foley S, Goldstein A, Jenke P, Kippen RM, Kouveliotou C, McBreen S, Meegan C, Paciesas WS, Preece R, Rau A, Tierney D, van der Horst AJ, von Kienlin A, Wilson-Hodge C, Xiong S, Cusumano G, La Parola V, Cummings JR. Fermi-LAT Observations of the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 130427A. Science 2014; 343:42-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1242353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M. Ajello
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K. Asano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - W. B. Atwood
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - M. Axelsson
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Baldini
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Ballet
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - G. Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. G. Baring
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - D. Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K. Bechtol
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Bissaldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, and Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E. Bonamente
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J. Bregeon
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Brigida
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P. Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R. Buehler
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J. Michael Burgess
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - S. Buson
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G. A. Caliandro
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. A. Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. A. Caraveo
- INAF–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C. Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - V. Chaplin
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - E. Charles
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Chekhtman
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - C. C. Cheung
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - J. Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G. Chiaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Ciprini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - R. Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W. Cleveland
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
| | - J. Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | | | - L. R. Cominsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - V. Connaughton
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - J. Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Cutini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
| | - F. D’Ammando
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine, and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M. DeKlotz
- Stellar Solutions Inc., 250 Cambridge Avenue, Suite 204, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - F. de Palma
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C. D. Dermer
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - R. Desiante
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Diekmann
- Jacobs Technology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - L. Di Venere
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. S. Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Drlica-Wagner
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C. Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. J. Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - E. C. Ferrara
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - J. Finke
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | | | - W. B. Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y. Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - S. Funk
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. Fusco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - N. Gehrels
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S. Germani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M. Gibby
- Jacobs Technology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - N. Giglietto
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Giles
- Jacobs Technology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - F. Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Granot
- Department of Natural Sciences, Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 43537, Israel
| | - I. A. Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J. E. Grove
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - D. Gruber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S. Guiriec
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. Hadasch
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y. Hanabata
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A. K. Harding
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - M. Hayashida
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - E. Hays
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. Horan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R. E. Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Y. Inoue
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Jogler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G. Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - W. N. Johnson
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - T. Kawano
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J. Knödlseder
- CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- GAHEC, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
| | - D. Kocevski
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Lande
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Larsson
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F. Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Loparco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. N. Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - P. Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M. Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M. N. Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. E. McEnery
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P. F. Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A. A. Moiseev
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - M. E. Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. Moretti
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I. V. Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Murgia
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Nemmen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - E. Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - M. Ohno
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T. Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A. Okumura
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - N. Omodei
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Orienti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - V. Pelassa
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - J. S. Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - M. Pesce-Rollins
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V. Petrosian
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - F. Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T. A. Porter
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. L. Racusin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S. Rainò
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Razzano
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Razzaque
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - A. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Ritz
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - M. Roth
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - F. Ryde
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Sartori
- INAF–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - P. M. Saz Parkinson
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - J. D. Scargle
- Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - A. Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C. Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. J. Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560, USA
| | - E. Sonbas
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Adyaman University, 02040 Adyaman, Turkey
| | - G. Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - H. Tajima
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - J. G. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. B. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. J. Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - L. Tibaldo
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Tinivella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D. F. Torres
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Tosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E. Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - T. L. Usher
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Vandenbroucke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - V. Vasileiou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - V. Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - B. L. Winer
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K. S. Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - R. Yamazaki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - G. Younes
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - H.-F. Yu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S. J. Zhu
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P. N. Bhat
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - M. S. Briggs
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - D. Byrne
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S. Foley
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Goldstein
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - P. Jenke
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - R. M. Kippen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - C. Kouveliotou
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - S. McBreen
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C. Meegan
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - W. S. Paciesas
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
| | - R. Preece
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - A. Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D. Tierney
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A. J. van der Horst
- Astronomical Institute Änton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. von Kienlin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C. Wilson-Hodge
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - S. Xiong
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - G. Cusumano
- INAF–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via U. La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - V. La Parola
- INAF–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via U. La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - J. R. Cummings
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Preece R, Burgess JM, von Kienlin A, Bhat PN, Briggs MS, Byrne D, Chaplin V, Cleveland W, Collazzi AC, Connaughton V, Diekmann A, Fitzpatrick G, Foley S, Gibby M, Giles M, Goldstein A, Greiner J, Gruber D, Jenke P, Kippen RM, Kouveliotou C, McBreen S, Meegan C, Paciesas WS, Pelassa V, Tierney D, van der Horst AJ, Wilson-Hodge C, Xiong S, Younes G, Yu HF, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bonamente E, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Desiante R, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Favuzzi C, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Godfrey G, Granot J, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Iyyani S, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Kawano T, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Moretti E, Morselli A, Murgia S, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Nymark T, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orienti M, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Racusin JL, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Roth M, Ryde F, Sartori A, Scargle JD, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Werner M, Winer BL, Wood KS, Zhu S. The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A: A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks. Science 2014; 343:51-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1242302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Preece
- Department of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Morosi L, Spinelli P, Zucchetti M, Pretto F, Carrà A, D’Incalci M, Giavazzi R, Davoli E. Determination of paclitaxel distribution in solid tumors by nano-particle assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72532. [PMID: 23991120 PMCID: PMC3753243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive, simple and reproducible protocol for nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging technique is described. The use of commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles abolishes heterogeneous crystallization, matrix background interferences and enhances signal detection, especially in the low mass range. Molecular image normalization was based on internal standard deposition on tissues, allowing direct comparison of drug penetration and distribution between different organs and tissues. The method was applied to analyze the distribution of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, inside normal and neoplastic mouse tissue sections. Spatial resolution was good, with a linear response between different in vivo treatments and molecular imaging intensity using therapeutic drug doses. This technique distinguishes the different intensity of paclitaxel distribution in control organs of mice, such as liver and kidney, in relation to the dose. Animals treated with 30 mg/kg of paclitaxel had half of the concentration of those treated with 60 mg/kg. We investigated the spatial distribution of paclitaxel in human melanoma mouse xenografts, following different dosage schedules and found a more homogeneous drug distribution in tumors of mice given repeated doses (5×8 mg/kg) plus a 60 mg/kg dose than in those assigned only a single 60 mg/kg dose. The protocol can be readily applied to investigate anticancer drug distribution in neoplastic lesions and to develop strategies to optimize and enhance drug penetration through different tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Morosi
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Spinelli
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Pretto
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Carrà
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio D’Incalci
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Davoli
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Spinelli P, Wang B, Pasternak T. Rapid loss of information about motion direction but not about its location during memory- guided comparison tasks. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ren P, Ben-Simon A, Wang B, Spinelli P, Pasternak T. Spatial specificity of direction selectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during memory-guided direction comparison task. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zeng J, Francia C, Gerbaldi C, Baglio V, Specchia S, Aricò A, Spinelli P. Hybrid ordered mesoporous carbons doped with tungsten trioxide as supports for Pt electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gainotti G, Spinelli P, Scaricamazza E, Marra C. The evaluation of sources of knowledge underlying different conceptual categories. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:40. [PMID: 23439453 PMCID: PMC3578198 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the “embodied cognition” theory and the “sensory-motor model of semantic knowledge”: (a) concepts are represented in the brain in the same format in which they are constructed by the sensory-motor system and (b) various conceptual categories differ according to the weight of different kinds of information in their representation. In this study, we tried to check the second assumption by asking normal elderly subjects to subjectively evaluate the role of various perceptual, motor and language-mediated sources of knowledge in the construction of different semantic categories. Our first aim was to rate the influence of different sources of knowledge in the representation of animals, plant life and artifact categories, rather than in living and non-living beings, as many previous studies on this subject have done. We also tried to check the influence of age and stimulus modality on these evaluations of the “sources of knowledge” underlying different conceptual categories. The influence of age was checked by comparing results obtained in our group of elderly subjects with those obtained in a previous study, conducted with a similar methodology on a sample of young students. And the influence of stimulus modality was assessed by presenting the stimuli in the verbal modality to 50 subjects and in the pictorial modality to 50 other subjects. The distinction between “animals” and “plant life” in the “living” categories was confirmed by analyzing their prevalent sources of knowledge and by a cluster analysis, which allowed us to distinguish “plant life” items from animals. Furthermore, results of the study showed: (a) that our subjects considered the visual modality as the main source of knowledge for all categories taken into account; and (b) that in biological categories the next most important source of information was represented by other perceptual modalities, whereas in artifacts it was represented by the actions performed with them. Finally, age and stimulus modality did not significantly influence judgment of relevance of the sources of knowledge involved in the construction of different conceptual categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gainotti
- Department of Neurosciences of the Policlinico Gemelli, Center for Neuropsychological Research, Catholic University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Allafort A, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Busetto G, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Celik O, Charles E, Chaty S, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Cillis AN, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Corbel S, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Falletti L, Favuzzi C, Ferrara EC, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hayashi K, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Hughes RE, Jackson MS, Jogler T, Johannesson G, Johnson AS, Kamae T, Kataoka J, Katsuta J, Knodlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Massaro F, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mignani RP, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Raino S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Romoli C, Sanchez-Conde M, Schulz A, Sgro C, Simeon PE, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stecker FW, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Thorsett SE, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Tinivella M, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Werner M, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Yamazaki R, Yang Z, Zimmer S. Detection of the Characteristic Pion-Decay Signature in Supernova Remnants. Science 2013; 339:807-11. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1231160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gainotti G, Spinelli P, Scaricamazza E, Marra C. Asymmetries in gender-related familiarity with different semantic categories. Data from normal adults. Behav Neurol 2012; 27:175-81. [PMID: 23242352 PMCID: PMC5215060 DOI: 10.3233/ben-120277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms subsuming the brain organization of categories and the corresponding gender related asymmetries are controversial. Some authors believe that the brain organization of categories is innate, whereas other authors maintain that it is shaped by experience. According to these interpretations, gender-related asymmetries should respectively be inborn or result from the influence of social roles. In a previous study, assessing the familiarity of young students with different 'biological' and 'artefact' categories, we had observed no gender-related difference on any of these categories. Since these data could be due to the fact that our students belonged to a generation in which the traditional social roles have almost completely disappeared, we predicted that gender-related asymmetries should be found in older men and women. The familiarity of young and elderly men and women with various semantic categories was, therefore, studied presenting in the verbal and pictorial modality different kinds of living and artefact categories. Results confirmed the hypothesis, because elderly women showed a greater familiarity for flowers and elderly men for animals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis assuming that gender-related asymmetries for different semantic categories is due to the influence of gender-related social roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gainotti
- Center for Neuropsychological Research, Department of Neurosciences of the Policlinico Gemelli/Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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40
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Pletsch HJ, Guillemot L, Fehrmann H, Allen B, Kramer M, Aulbert C, Ackermann M, Ajello M, de Angelis A, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Borgland AW, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Çelik Ö, Charles E, Chaves RCG, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, D’Ammando F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Dubois R, Dumora D, Favuzzi C, Ferrara EC, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, den Hartog PR, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hill AB, Hou X, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Jackson MS, Jogler T, Johnson AS, Johnson WN, Kataoka J, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Massaro F, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, de Palma F, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Ray PS, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Romani RW, Romoli C, Sanchez DA, Parkinson PMS, Schulz A, Sgrò C, do Couto e Silva E, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Troja E, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Yang Z, Zimmer S. Binary Millisecond Pulsar Discovery via Gamma-Ray Pulsations. Science 2012; 338:1314-7. [PMID: 23112297 DOI: 10.1126/science.1229054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Pletsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L. Guillemot
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - H. Fehrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B. Allen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - M. Kramer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - C. Aulbert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M. Ajello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - W. B. Atwood
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - L. Baldini
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Ballet
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - G. Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K. Bechtol
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. W. Borgland
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. Bottacini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. J. Brandt
- CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- GAHEC, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
| | - J. Bregeon
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Brigida
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P. Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R. Buehler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Buson
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G. A. Caliandro
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. A. Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. A. Caraveo
- INAF–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J. M. Casandjian
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - C. Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ö. Çelik
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - E. Charles
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. C. G. Chaves
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - C. C. Cheung
- National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, resident at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - J. Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Ciprini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- ASI Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - R. Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Conrad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Cutini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - F. D’Ammando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy
- INAF–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C. D. Dermer
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - S. W. Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. S. Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Drlica-Wagner
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Dubois
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. Dumora
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - C. Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - E. C. Ferrara
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - A. Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y. Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - P. Fusco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - N. Gehrels
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S. Germani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N. Giglietto
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - I. A. Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M.-H. Grondin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. E. Grove
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - S. Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. Hadasch
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y. Hanabata
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A. K. Harding
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - P. R. den Hartog
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Hayashida
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - E. Hays
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - A. B. Hill
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - X. Hou
- Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - R. E. Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - G. Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - M. S. Jackson
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. Jogler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. S. Johnson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W. N. Johnson
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - J. Kataoka
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - M. Kerr
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Knödlseder
- CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- GAHEC, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
| | - M. Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Lande
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Larsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - F. Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Loparco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. N. Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - P. Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F. Massaro
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M. N. Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. E. McEnery
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J. Mehault
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - P. F. Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W. Mitthumsiri
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - M. E. Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I. V. Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Murgia
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Nakamori
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - R. Nemmen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - E. Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - M. Ohno
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - T. Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - N. Omodei
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Orienti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - F. de Palma
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D. Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J. S. Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - F. Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T. A. Porter
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Rainò
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P. S. Ray
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - M. Razzano
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Reposeur
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - S. Ritz
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - R. W. Romani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C. Romoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D. A. Sanchez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. M. Saz Parkinson
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - A. Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C. Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. do Couto e Silva
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. J. Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560, USA
| | - D. A. Smith
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G. Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D. J. Suson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323, USA
| | - H. Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T. Tanaka
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. B. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. G. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. J. Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - L. Tibaldo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Tinivella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - T. L. Usher
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Vandenbroucke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - V. Vasileiou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - V. Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. P. Waite
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - B. L. Winer
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K. S. Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - M. Wood
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Z. Yang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Zimmer
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Allafort A, Schady P, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Borgland AW, Bottacini E, Bouvier A, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, D’Ammando F, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, do Couto e Silva E, Domínguez A, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Hays E, Jackson MS, Jogler T, Kataoka J, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Tramacere A, Nuss E, Greiner J, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reyes LC, Ritz S, Rau A, Romoli C, Roth M, Sánchez-Conde M, Sanchez DA, Scargle JD, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stawarz Ł, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M. The Imprint of the Extragalactic Background Light in the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars. Science 2012; 338:1190-2. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1227160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M. Ajello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720–7450, USA
| | - A. Allafort
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. Schady
- Max-Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L. Baldini
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Ballet
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - G. Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R. Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R. D. Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. D. Bloom
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. W. Borgland
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. Bottacini
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Bouvier
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - J. Bregeon
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Brigida
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P. Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R. Buehler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Buson
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G. A. Caliandro
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. A. Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. A. Caraveo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Cavazzuti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - C. Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E. Charles
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. C. G. Chaves
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A. Chekhtman
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - C. C. Cheung
- National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001
| | - J. Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G. Chiaro
- INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Ciprini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- ASI Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - R. Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Conrad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Cutini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - F. D’Ammando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- IASF Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F. de Palma
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C. D. Dermer
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - S. W. Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. do Couto e Silva
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Domínguez
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - P. S. Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Drlica-Wagner
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C. Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. J. Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - W. B. Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Franckowiak
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y. Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - S. Funk
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. Fusco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D. Gasparrini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - N. Gehrels
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S. Germani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N. Giglietto
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - T. Glanzman
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G. Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - I. A. Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J. E. Grove
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - S. Guiriec
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - M. Gustafsson
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D. Hadasch
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Hayashida
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - E. Hays
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - M. S. Jackson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. Jogler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Kataoka
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - J. Knödlseder
- CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- GAHEC, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
| | - M. Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Lande
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Larsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F. Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Loparco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. N. Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - P. Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M. N. Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. E. McEnery
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J. Mehault
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - P. F. Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Mizuno
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - C. Monte
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. E. Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I. V. Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Murgia
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Tramacere
- INTEGRAL Science Data Centre, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - E. Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Greiner
- Max-Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Ohno
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - T. Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - N. Omodei
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Orienti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. F. Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - D. Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J. S. Perkins
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. Pesce-Rollins
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T. A. Porter
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - S. Rainò
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - S. Razzaque
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - A. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L. C. Reyes
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - S. Ritz
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - A. Rau
- Max-Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C. Romoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Roth
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1560, USA
| | - M. Sánchez-Conde
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. A. Sanchez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. D. Scargle
- Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035–1000, USA
| | - C. Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. J. Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560–1025, USA
| | - G. Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Łukasz Stawarz
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - D. J. Suson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323–2094, USA
| | - H. Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T. Tanaka
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. G. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. J. Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - L. Tibaldo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Tinivella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D. F. Torres
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Tosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E. Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - T. L. Usher
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Vandenbroucke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - V. Vasileiou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - V. Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. P. Waite
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - B. L. Winer
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K. S. Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - M. Wood
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Spinelli P, Polman A. Prospects of near-field plasmonic absorption enhancement in semiconductor materials using embedded Ag nanoparticles. Opt Express 2012; 20 Suppl 5:A641-54. [PMID: 23037531 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.00a641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are efficient antennas for light. If embedded in a semiconductor material, they can enhance light absorption in the semiconductor, due to the strong plasmonic near-field coupling. We use numerical simulations to calculate the absorption enhancement in the semiconductor using Ag nanoparticles with diameters in the range 5-60 nm for crystalline Si, amorphous Si, a polymer blend, and Fe2O3. We study single Ag particles in a 100×100×100 nm semiconductor volume, as well as periodic arrays with 100 nm pitch. We find that in all cases Ohmic dissipation in the metal is a major absorption factor. In crystalline Si, while Ag nanoparticles cause a 5-fold enhancement of the absorbance in the weakly absorbing near-bandgap spectral range, Ohmic losses in the metal dominate the absorption. We conclude crystalline Si cannot be sensitized with Ag nanoparticles in a practical way. Similar results are found for Fe2O3. The absorbance in the polymer blend can be enhanced by up to 100% using Ag nanoparticles, at the expense of strong additional absorption by Ohmic losses. Amorphous Si cannot be sensitized with Ag nanoparticles due to the mismatch between the plasmon resonance and the bandgap of a-Si. By using sensitization with Ag nanoparticles the thickness of some semiconductor materials can be reduced while keeping the same absorbance, which has benefits for materials with short carrier diffusion lengths. Scattering mechanisms by plasmonic nanoparticles that are beneficial for enhanced light trapping in solar cells are not considered in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spinelli
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
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Evoli A, Spinelli P, Frisullo G, Alboini PE, Servidei S, Marra C. Spontaneous recovery from anti-NMDAR encephalitis. J Neurol 2012; 259:1964-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Spinelli P, Verschuuren MA, Polman A. Broadband omnidirectional antireflection coating based on subwavelength surface Mie resonators. Nat Commun 2012; 3:692. [PMID: 22353722 PMCID: PMC3338005 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflection is a natural phenomenon that occurs when light passes the interface between materials with different refractive index. In many applications, such as solar cells or photodetectors, reflection is an unwanted loss process. Many ways to reduce reflection from a substrate have been investigated so far, including dielectric interference coatings, surface texturing, adiabatic index matching and scattering from plasmonic nanoparticles. Here we present an entirely new concept that suppresses the reflection of light from a silicon surface over a broad spectral range. A two-dimensional periodic array of subwavelength silicon nanocylinders designed to possess strongly substrate-coupled Mie resonances yields almost zero total reflectance over the entire spectral range from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared. This new antireflection concept relies on the strong forward scattering that occurs when a scattering structure is placed in close proximity to a high-index substrate with a high optical density of states. Minimising reflection from the interface between materials is an important goal for optical devices such as solar cells or photodetectors. Spinelli et al. show almost total loss of reflection over a broad spectral range from a silicon surface using periodic arrays of sub-wavelength silicon nanocylinders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spinelli
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Allafort A, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bouvier A, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, do Couto E Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Fortin P, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hadasch D, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Llena Garde M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Parent D, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Romani RW, Roth M, Sadrozinski HFW, Sbarra C, Schalk TL, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Strong AW, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Yang Z, Zimmer S. Measurement of separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra with the fermi large area telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:011103. [PMID: 22304252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We measured separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Because the instrument does not have an onboard magnet, we distinguish the two species by exploiting Earth's shadow, which is offset in opposite directions for opposite charges due to Earth's magnetic field. We estimate and subtract the cosmic-ray proton background using two different methods that produce consistent results. We report the electron-only spectrum, the positron-only spectrum, and the positron fraction between 20 and 200 GeV. We confirm that the fraction rises with energy in the 20-100 GeV range. The three new spectral points between 100 and 200 GeV are consistent with a fraction that is continuing to rise with energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Cañadas B, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Falletti L, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jeltema TE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson RP, Johnson AS, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lionetto AM, Llena Garde M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Naumann-Godo M, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Parent D, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Profumo S, Rainò S, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Roth M, Sadrozinski HFW, Sbarra C, Scargle JD, Schalk TL, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Strigari L, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Yang Z, Zimmer S, Kaplinghat M, Martinez GD. Constraining dark matter models from a combined analysis of Milky Way satellites with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:241302. [PMID: 22242987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.241302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way are among the most promising targets for dark matter searches in gamma rays. We present a search for dark matter consisting of weakly interacting massive particles, applying a joint likelihood analysis to 10 satellite galaxies with 24 months of data of the Fermi Large Area Telescope. No dark matter signal is detected. Including the uncertainty in the dark matter distribution, robust upper limits are placed on dark matter annihilation cross sections. The 95% confidence level upper limits range from about 10(-26) cm3 s(-1) at 5 GeV to about 5×10(-23) cm3 s(-1) at 1 TeV, depending on the dark matter annihilation final state. For the first time, using gamma rays, we are able to rule out models with the most generic cross section (∼3×10(-26) cm3 s(-1) for a purely s-wave cross section), without assuming additional boost factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ackermann
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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47
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Freire PCC, Abdo AA, Ajello M, Allafort A, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Camilo F, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Çelik Ö, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cognard I, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, de Palma F, Dermer CD, do Couto e Silva E, Dormody M, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Espinoza CM, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Fortin P, Fukazawa Y, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Harding AK, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson TJ, Johnston S, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Keith M, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kramer M, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lee SH, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Lyne AG, Manchester RN, Marelli M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Parent D, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Ransom SM, Ray PS, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Romani RW, Roth M, Sadrozinski HFW, Parkinson PMS, Sgrò C, Shannon R, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spinelli P, Stappers BW, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Tauris TM, Thayer JB, Theureau G, Thompson DJ, Thorsett SE, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Vandenbroucke J, Van Etten A, Vasileiou V, Venter C, Vianello G, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Wood KS, Yang Z, Ziegler M, Zimmer S. Fermi Detection of a Luminous γ-Ray Pulsar in a Globular Cluster. Science 2011; 334:1107-10. [PMID: 22052973 DOI: 10.1126/science.1207141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. C. C. Freire
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. A. Abdo
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - M. Ajello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Allafort
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Ballet
- Laboratoire AIM (Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation), CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - G. Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K. Bechtol
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R. D. Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. D. Bloom
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. Bonamente
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A. W. Borgland
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Brigida
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P. Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - R. Buehler
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Buson
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G. A. Caliandro
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. A. Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - F. Camilo
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - P. A. Caraveo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C. Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ö. Çelik
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - E. Charles
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Chekhtman
- Artep Inc., 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042, USA
| | - C. C. Cheung
- National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - J. Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Ciprini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - R. Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - I. Cognard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement, LPCE UMR 6115 CNRS, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 02, and Station de radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, F-18330 Nançay, France
| | - J. Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - L. R. Cominsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928–3609, USA
| | - F. de Palma
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C. D. Dermer
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - E. do Couto e Silva
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Dormody
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - P. S. Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Dubois
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. Dumora
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - C. M. Espinoza
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - C. Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. J. Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - E. C. Ferrara
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - W. B. Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. Fortin
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
| | - Y. Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - P. Fusco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D. Gasparrini
- ASI Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - N. Gehrels
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S. Germani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - N. Giglietto
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Giroletti
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - T. Glanzman
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G. Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - I. A. Grenier
- Laboratoire AIM (Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation), CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M.-H. Grondin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. E. Grove
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - L. Guillemot
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Guiriec
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - D. Hadasch
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. K. Harding
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - G. Jóhannesson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A. S. Johnson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. J. Johnson
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S. Johnston
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
| | - H. Katagiri
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - J. Kataoka
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - M. Keith
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
| | - M. Kerr
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Knödlseder
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNRS, Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology (IRAP), F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - M. Kramer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - M. Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Lande
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L. Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezioine di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S.-H. Lee
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M. Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - F. Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Loparco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. N. Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - P. Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A. G. Lyne
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - R. N. Manchester
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
| | - M. Marelli
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M. N. Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. E. McEnery
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P. F. Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Mizuno
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A. A. Moiseev
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - C. Monte
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. E. Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I. V. Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Murgia
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Nakamori
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - P. L. Nolan
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. P. Norris
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - E. Nuss
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - T. Ohsugi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A. Okumura
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - N. Omodei
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. Orlando
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - D. Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - D. Parent
- Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - M. Pesce-Rollins
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Pierbattista
- Laboratoire AIM (Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation), CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - F. Piron
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - T. A. Porter
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Rainò
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. M. Ransom
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - P. S. Ray
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - A. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Reposeur
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - S. Ritz
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - R. W. Romani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Roth
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1560, USA
| | - H. F.-W. Sadrozinski
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - P. M. Saz Parkinson
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - C. Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R. Shannon
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Epping NSW 1710, Australia
| | - E. J. Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560–1025, USA
| | - D. A. Smith
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - P. D. Smith
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - P. Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B. W. Stappers
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - D. J. Suson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323-2094, USA
| | - H. Takahashi
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T. Tanaka
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. M. Tauris
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J. B. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G. Theureau
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement, LPCE UMR 6115 CNRS, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 02, and Station de radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, F-18330 Nançay, France
| | - D. J. Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S. E. Thorsett
- Department of Physics, Willamette University, Salem, OR 97031, USA
| | - L. Tibaldo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D. F. Torres
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Tosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E. Troja
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - J. Vandenbroucke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Van Etten
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - V. Vasileiou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - C. Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - G. Vianello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - N. Vilchez
- CNRS, Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology (IRAP), F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- Galaxies, Astrophysique des Hautes Energies et Cosmologie, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
| | - V. Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. P. Waite
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. Wang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K. S. Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375–5352, USA
| | - Z. Yang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Ziegler
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - S. Zimmer
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Allafort A, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Belfiore A, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bottacini E, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dumora D, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Fortin P, Fukazawa Y, Fusco P, Gargano F, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hayashi K, Hays E, Johannesson G, Johnson AS, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kerr M, Knodlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lee SH, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Martin P, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Naumann-Godo M, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Parent D, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Pohl M, Prokhorov D, Raino S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Parkinson PMS, Sgro C, Siskind EJ, Smith PD, Spinelli P, Strong AW, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yang Z, Zimmer S, Bontemps S. A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble. Science 2011; 334:1103-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ajello M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bottacini E, Bouvier A, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cutini S, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Fukazawa Y, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hadasch D, Iafrate G, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kuss M, Latronico L, Lionetto AM, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Naumann-Godo M, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Schalk TL, Sgrò C, Siegal-Gaskins J, Siskind EJ, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Tosti G, Troja E, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vilchez N, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yang Z, Zimmer S. Constraints on dark matter models from a Fermi LAT search for high-energy cosmic-ray electrons from the Sun. Int J Clin Exp Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.84.032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Spinelli P, van Lare C, Verhagen E, Polman A. Controlling Fano lineshapes in plasmon-mediated light coupling into a substrate. Opt Express 2011; 19 Suppl 3:A303-A311. [PMID: 21643371 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.00a303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are efficient resonant plasmonic scatterers for light, and, if placed on top of a high-index substrate, can efficiently couple light into the substrate. This coupling, however, strongly depends on particle shape and surrounding environment. We study the effect of particle shape and substrate refractive index on the plasmonic resonances of silver nanoparticles and we systematically relate this to the efficiency of light scattering into a substrate. The light coupling spectra are dominated by Fano resonances for the corresponding dipolar and quadrupolar scattering modes. Varying the particle shape from spherical to cylindrical leads to large shifts in the Fano resonance for the dipolar mode, reducing the light incoupling integrated over the AM1.5 spectral range. Using a dielectric spacer layer, good light coupling is achieved for cylinders in the near-infrared. An asymmetric environment around the particles turns quadrupolar resonances into efficient radiators as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spinelli
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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