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Lu PH, Lai CC, Chiu LY, Lin IH, Iou CC, Lu PH. An Apriori algorithm-based association rule analysis to identify acupoint combinations for treating uremic pruritus. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:195-202. [PMID: 38645789 PMCID: PMC11025587 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_217_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Uremic pruritus (UP) is a prevalent and troublesome condition affecting individuals with end-stage renal failure, which results in intense pruritus, depression, as well as poor quality of sleep, significantly impacting their quality of life. According to previous studies, acupuncture and acupoint stimulation have been shown to provide additional benefits in treating UP in dialysis patients. In addition, using acupoints combination may yield superior effectiveness compared to utilizing a singular acupoint. To investigate the potential correlations between acupoint combinations, an association-rule analysis was employed. Materials and Methods Apriori algorithms stand out as highly potent techniques for identifying associations in databases; this study utilized an association rule mining to examine the association rules of key acupoint groupings that could be employed for treating UP. Results The analysis utilized information derived from the meta-analysis encompassing 40 randomized controlled trials that used acupuncture to treat UP. In total, 64 acupoints were analyzed, and 71 association rules were found. The following acupoint combinations: Auricular shenmen (TF4), Quchi (LI11), and Geshu (BL17); Auricular heart (Extra14), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Auricular lung (CO14); and Auricular heart (Extra14), Xuehai (SP10), and Auricular lung (CO14) showed the strongest associations. Conclusion Acupoints involving Auricular shenmen (TF4), Quchi (LI11), Geshu (BL17), Auricular heart (Extra14), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Auricular lung (CO14), and Xuehai (SP10) can be regarded as the core combination of acupuncture points for managing UP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lai
- Department of Medical Education, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ya Chiu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Iou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang YT, Chiu LY, Lu PH, Hsiao PF, Wang JY, Lu PH, Wu NL. AMPK activation modulates IL-36-induced inflammatory responses by regulating IκBζ expression in the skin. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38532634 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The interleukin (IL)-36 pathway is a critical player in the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis. However, therapies targeting this pathway are limited or unaffordable (e.g. the anti-IL-36 receptor antibody). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a regulator of cellular energy and metabolism, is known to participate in inflammatory diseases. However, its role in IL-36-induced skin inflammation remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of AMPK signals in regulating IL-36-induced responses in the skin. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH IL-36-stimulated primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and IL-36-injected (intradermally) BALB/c mice served as the cell and animal models, respectively. Additionally, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) and A769662 served as AMPK activators. KEY RESULTS AICAR and A769662 significantly suppressed the IL-36-induced IL-8 (CXCL8) and CCL20 production from NHEKs. IL-36-induced IκBζ protein expression was prominently reduced and IKK/IκBα phosphorylation was attenuated by AICAR and A769662. Conversely, AMPKα knockdown increased IκBζ protein expression and IKK/IκBα phosphorylation in IL-36-treated NHEKs. Furthermore, AICAR and A769662 enhanced IL-36-induced-IκBζ protein degradation via the proteasome-dependent but not the lysosome-dependent pathway. Pretreatment of NHEKs with IL-36 slightly suppressed the AICAR- and A769662-triggered phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. In the mouse model, topical application of AICAR significantly reduced ear swelling, redness, epidermal thickening, neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory and antimicrobial peptide gene expression. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AMPK activation suppresses IL-36-induced IL-8 and CCL20 release by regulating IκBζ expression in keratinocytes and reduces IL-36-induced skin inflammation in mice, suggesting that AMPK activation is a potential strategy for treating patients with IL-36-mediated inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ya Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pa-Fan Hsiao
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Lu PH, Chuo HE, Chiu LY, Lai CC, Wang JY, Lu PH. Comparative efficacy of acupuncture point stimulation treatments for dialysis patients with uremic pruritus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1342788. [PMID: 38595850 PMCID: PMC11003387 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1342788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Uremic pruritus (UP) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease that causes sleep disturbances and increases all-cause mortality. Currently, the first-line medications for UP exhibit inadequate pruritus control with adverse effects. Various acupuncture point stimulation treatments (APSTs) have been shown to be effective as adjuvant therapies in UP, and a network meta-analysis can offer relative efficacy estimates for treatments for which head-to-head studies have not been performed. Methods We conducted a random-effects network meta-analysis on a consistency model to compare the different APSTs for UP. The primary outcomes were the mean visual analog scale (VAS) score and effectiveness rate (ER). Results The network meta-analysis retrieved 27 randomized controlled trials involving 1969 patients. Compared with conventional treatment alone, combination treatment with acupuncture (mean difference, -2.63; 95% confidence interval, -3.71 to -1.55) was the most effective intervention in decreasing VAS scores, followed by acupoint injection and massage (mean difference, -2.04; 95% confidence interval, -3.96 to -0.12). In terms of the ER, conventional treatment with acupuncture and hemoperfusion (risk ratio, 14.87; 95% confidence interval, 2.18 to 101.53) was superior to other therapeutic combinations. Considering the VAS score and ER, combination treatment with acupoint injection and massage showed benefits in treating UP. Conclusion Our network meta-analysis provided relative efficacy data for choosing the optimal adjuvant treatment for UP. Combined treatment with acupuncture was more effective than conventional treatment only and was the most promising intervention for treating UP.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023425739: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023425739).
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-En Chuo
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ya Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lai
- Department of Medical Education, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Lu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Wu CL, Fang YW, Hou YC, Lu KC, Tsai WH, Lu PH, Lee TS, Kuo KL. Association of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate with adverse outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:120366-120374. [PMID: 37936044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate exposure is widespread and has a global impact. Growing evidence shows that mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) exposure has a negative impact on human health. However, whether MEHP exposure is associated with mortality and other adverse outcomes in hemodialysis patients remains unknown. This study prospectively enrolled 217 patients on maintenance hemodialysis from June 30, 2021, to August 16, 2022. Baseline serum MEHP, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and indoxyl sulfate (IS) concentrations were measured. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality or composite adverse outcomes, including all-cause death plus hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease, heart failure, stroke, infection, or cancer. Serum MEHP concentrations were positively associated with DEHP but not indoxyl sulfate concentrations in hemodialysis patients. Additionally, serum MEHP concentrations were significantly and independently associated with all-cause mortality and composite adverse outcomes (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs], 1.04 and 1.03 per ng/mL, 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.01-1.07 and 1.00-1.05; p = 0.016 and 0.015, respectively). We found a cutoff value of MEHP for predicting both endpoints. Patients with serum MEHP concentrations of ≥ 41.8 ng/mL had much higher risks for all-cause mortality and composite adverse outcomes (adjusted HRs, 39.2 and 13; 95% CIs, 2.44-65.7 and 2.74-61.4; p = 0.011 and 0.001, respectively). MEHP exposure is significantly associated with higher risks for all-cause mortality and composite adverse outcomes. Hemodialysis patients with serum MEHP concentrations above 41.8 ng/mL had much poorer prognoses regarding both outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Wu
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 111045, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, 23148, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Tsai
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lin Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
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Lu PH, Lai CC, Chiu LY, Wang JY, Lu PH. Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines for dialysis patients with uremic pruritus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1064926. [PMID: 36733503 PMCID: PMC9886678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1064926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Uremic pruritus is common in dialysis patients and reduces their quality of life. Chinese herbal medicine has been effective in patients with this condition. Methods: We conducted a random-effects network meta-analysis to compare the efficacies of different Chinese herbal medicine treatments for uremic pruritus. Outcome measures including the overall effective rates, visual analog scale scores, C-reactive protein levels, and adverse drug reactions were analyzed. Results: The network meta-analysis retrieved 25 randomized controlled trials. Compared with conventional treatments alone, combination treatments with Xiao-Yang-Ke-Li was the most effective intervention in decreasing visual analog scale scores (mean difference -2.98, 95% mean difference -5.05 to -0.91) and levels of C-reactive protein (mean difference -5.01, 95% mean difference -7.27 to -2.75). Conventional treatment combined with Si-Wu Tang was superior to other therapeutic combinations when overall effective rates were determined. The best visual analog scale scores and overall effective rates were achieved by adjunctive treatment with the Touxie-Jiedu-Zhiyang decoction followed by uremic clearance granules; these treatments were the most beneficial for uremic pruritis. Conclusion: Our network meta-analysis provided the relative efficacies of different adjunctive Chinese herbal formulas. Adjunctive treatment with the Touxie-Jiedu-Zhiyang decoction was the best treatment for improving overall effective rates and reducing visual analog scores of uremic pruritus in dialysis patients. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=357656; Identifier: CRD42022357656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lai
- Department of Medical Education, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ya Chiu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Po-Hsuan Lu,
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Lu PH, Chung CH, Chuo HE, Lin IH, Lu PH. Efficacy of acupoint stimulation as a treatment for uremic pruritus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1036072. [PMID: 36530891 PMCID: PMC9751623 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1036072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic pruritus causes sleep disturbances, poor quality of life, and increased morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease. Acupuncture has been shown to improve uremic pruritus. There is limited evidence of the efficacy of traditional Chinese therapies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of acupoint stimulation therapy in patients with uremic pruritus. METHODS A systematic search of seven databases (up to Sep 2022) was conducted for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the clinical efficacy of acupuncture, acupressure, auricular acupressure, acupoint injection, acupoint thermal therapy, acupoint sticking therapy, or transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in the treatment of patients with uremic pruritus. Two reviewers selected eligible articles for inclusion in the meta-analysis and evaluated the risk of bias via Cochrane Collaboration. The results of pruritus assessments and uremic pruritus-related laboratory parameters were analyzed. RESULTS Forty trials published between 2002 and 2022, including a total of 2,735 participants, were identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The effective rates for acupuncture, auricular acupressure, and the combination of acupoint injection and acupoint massage were significantly greater in patients with uremic pruritus compared to the control group. The levels of serum BUN, PTH, and histamine levels were significantly lower vs. control group. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture, auricular acupressure, and the combination of acupoint injection and acupoint massage seem to be effective in improving uremic pruritus in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, further investigation of these potential treatments is now warranted in larger patient populations and over a longer time frame. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022354585, identifier: PROSPERO CRD42022354585.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Hui-En Chuo
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Lu PH, Chen YY, Tsai FM, Liao YL, Huang HF, Yu WH, Kuo CY. Combined Acupoints for the Treatment of Patients with Obesity: An Association Rule Analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:7252213. [PMID: 35341146 PMCID: PMC8947926 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7252213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disease that increases the risk of other diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. A meta-analysis of 11 randomized sham-controlled trials indicates that acupuncture had adjuvant benefits in improving simple obesity, and previous studies have reported that acupoint combinations were more useful than single-acupoint therapy. The Apriori algorithm, a data mining-based analysis that finds potential correlations in datasets, is broadly applied in medicine and business. This study, based on the Apriori algorithm-based association rule analysis, found the association rules of acupoints among 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There were 23 acupoints extracted from 11 RCTs. We used Python to calculate the association between acupoints and disease. We found the top 10 frequency acupoints were Extra12, TF4, LI4, LI11, ST25, ST36, ST44, CO4, CO18, and CO1. We investigated the 1118 association rule and found that {LI4, ST36} ≥ {ST44}, {LI4, ST44} ≥ {ST36}, and {ST36, ST44} ≥ {LI4} were the most associated rules in the data. Acupoints, including LI4, ST36, and ST44, are the core acupoint combinations in the treatment of simple obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yang Chen
- Department of Mathematics National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Liao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Mathematics National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Lu PH, Yao XF, Lin YS, Tzeng IS, Lu PH, Kuo KL. Omega-3 fatty acids for uremic pruritus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:394-401. [PMID: 36578647 PMCID: PMC9791849 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_221_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic pruritus (UP) is common in the late stages of chronic kidney disease. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment for UP. Limited evidence exists on the therapeutic effect of omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of O3FA supplements in UP patients. We evaluated the efficacy of O3FA supplements in patients with UP through a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized control trials retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. The included studies were summarized and assessed for the risk of bias, and pruritus assessment results were analyzed. To compared with a controlled group, five articles including 164 participants published between 2012 and 2019 using different pruritus scales reported that patients taking O3FA supplement exhibited no significant decrease in the pruritus score (standardized mean difference [SMD] =1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.70-0.01, P = 0.05), but three articles using same pruritus scale significant decrease Duo pruritus score (SMD = -0.85, 95% CI = -1.39 to -0.30, P < 0.05). O3FA supplement could be an appealing complementary therapy for UP patients. More rigorously designed studies are needed before recommending the O3FA supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Feng Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Sheng Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Po-Hsuan Lu, Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, 46, Section 3, Zhongzheng Road, Sanzhi District, New Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail:
Dr. Ko-Lin Kuo, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail:
| | - Ko-Lin Kuo
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Po-Hsuan Lu, Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, 46, Section 3, Zhongzheng Road, Sanzhi District, New Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail:
Dr. Ko-Lin Kuo, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail:
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Tsai JN, Ding YJ, Lo KC, Lu PH, Chang CF, Wen CC, Wang BC, Yang LL, Chen YH. Protective role of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi decoction on aristolochic acid-intoxicated zebrafish. TROP J PHARM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the potential nephroprotective effects of a traditional Chinese medical prescription, Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Decoction (BZYQD) in an aristolochic acid (AA)-intoxicated zebrafish model.
Methods: A green fluorescent zebrafish line Tg (wt1b:EGFP) was used, and different exposure protocols were applied. Once a suitable protective concentration of BZYQD was found, antibody staining and real-time PCR methods were applied and the pro-inflammatory gene expressions were determined.
Results: The results showed that low dose (10 ppm) of BZYQD attenuates the AA-induced malformed kidney phenotype. This finding was further substantiated by an examination of the integrity of pronephric tubes in the treated embryos. Pre-treatment with BZYQD suppressed the elevated expressions of pro- inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α and myeloperoxidase, induced by AA exposure (1.6 ~ 2.3-fold). This indicates that the nephroprotective effect of BZYQD may be mediated by suppression of pro-inflammatory gene expression. On the other hand, a high dose (500 ppm) of BZYQD caused nephrotoxic effect.
Conclusion: An efficient model to identify AA-protective compounds using zebrafish embryos has been successfully established. Using this strategy, it has been found that BZYQD is nephroprotective in zebrafish embryos, and might have the potential to be applied in humans.
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Lu PH, Tai YC, Yu MC, Lin IH, Kuo KL. Western and complementary alternative medicine treatment of uremic pruritus: A literature review. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 33:350-358. [PMID: 34760630 PMCID: PMC8532575 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_151_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic pruritus (UP), also called chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP), is a bothersome symptom that causes sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life. Pruritus often occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease. There is still no definite treatment for UP due to its unclear pathogenesis. We searched electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) and gathered the latest clinical trials and pilot studies of Western and complementary alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for UP in English. These UP studies were separated into three main groups: systemic, topical, and others and CAM. Gabapentin, nalfurafine, acupuncture, and Chinese herbal bath therapy (CHBT) show antipruritic effects, with higher evidence grades in the meta-analysis. Emollients with additive compounds are more effective for reducing itch than emollients without additives. Supplements for deficient elements, such as zinc, omega-3, and omega-6, also show benefits for pruritus improvement. CAM therapies such as acupuncture, herbs, and herbal baths or creams all have good results for UP treatment. We summarize the treatments and suggest a treatment algorithm for UP according to severity. Some UP therapies are already supported by large-scale clinical evidence, and some new treatments can provide patients with new hope and treatment options. However, these new methods still need large population studies and further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Tai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lin Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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11
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Lu PH, Wang JY, Chuo HE, Lu PH. Effects of Uremic Clearance Granules in Uremic Pruritus: A Meta-Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:702. [PMID: 34678995 PMCID: PMC8540647 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic pruritus is common among patients with advanced or end-stage renal disease, with an incidence of >40% among patients on dialysis. Uremic clearance granules (UCGs) are effective in managing uremic pruritus and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of UCG in patients with uremic pruritus. Several electronic databases were searched systematically from their inceptions until 19 July 2021. Randomized control trials evaluating the efficacy of UCG in patients with uremic pruritus were selected. Eleven trials including 894 participants were published between 2011 and 2021. Patients administered UCGs had a significantly decreased visual analog scale score (mean difference [MD], -2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.17 to -1.88), serum levels of hsCRP (MD, -2.07 mg/dL; 95% CI, -2.89 to -1.25; p < 0.00001), TNF-α (MD, -15.23 mg/L; 95% CI, -20.00 to -10.47; p < 0.00001]), β2-MG (MD, -10.18 mg/L; 95% CI, -15.43 to -4.93; p < 0.00001), and IL-6 (MD, -6.13 mg/L; 95% CI, -7.42 to -4.84; p < 0.00001). In addition, UCGs significantly reduced serum levels of creatinine, BUN, PTH, iPTH, phosphorus, and the overall effectiveness rate. UCGs could be an attractive complementary therapy for patients with uremic pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97048, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Wang
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Hui-En Chuo
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan
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12
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Lu PH, Yu MC, Wei MJ, Kuo KL. The Therapeutic Strategies for Uremic Toxins Control in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:573. [PMID: 34437444 PMCID: PMC8402511 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic toxins (UTs) are mainly produced by protein metabolized by the intestinal microbiota and converted in the liver or by mitochondria or other enzymes. The accumulation of UTs can damage the intestinal barrier integrity and cause vascular damage and progressive kidney damage. Together, these factors lead to metabolic imbalances, which in turn increase oxidative stress and inflammation and then produce uremia that affects many organs and causes diseases including renal fibrosis, vascular disease, and renal osteodystrophy. This article is based on the theory of the intestinal-renal axis, from bench to bedside, and it discusses nonextracorporeal therapies for UTs, which are classified into three categories: medication, diet and supplement therapy, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and other therapies. The effects of medications such as AST-120 and meclofenamate are described. Diet and supplement therapies include plant-based diet, very low-protein diet, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and nutraceuticals. The research status of Chinese herbal medicine is discussed for CAM and other therapies. This review can provide some treatment recommendations for the reduction of UTs in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan; (P.-H.L.); (M.-C.Y.); (M.-J.W.)
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97048, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan; (P.-H.L.); (M.-C.Y.); (M.-J.W.)
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97048, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jiun Wei
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan; (P.-H.L.); (M.-C.Y.); (M.-J.W.)
| | - Ko-Lin Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97048, Taiwan
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13
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Lu PH, Kuo CY, Chan CC, Wang LK, Chen ML, Tzeng IS, Tsai FM. Safflower Extract Inhibits ADP-Induced Human Platelet Aggregation. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10061192. [PMID: 34208125 PMCID: PMC8230796 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Safflower extract is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. The antioxidant and anticancer properties of safflower extracts have been extensively studied, but their antiaggregative effects have been less analyzed. We found that safflower extract inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by ADP. In addition, we further analyzed several safflower extract compounds, such as hydroxysafflor yellow A, safflower yellow A, and luteolin, which have the same antiaggregative effect. In addition to analyzing the active components of the safflower extract, we also analyzed their roles in the ADP signaling pathways. Safflower extract can affect the activation of downstream conductors of ADP receptors (such as the production of calcium ions and cAMP), thereby affecting the expression of activated glycoproteins on the platelet membrane and inhibiting platelet aggregation. According to the results of this study, the effect of safflower extract on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis may be related to its direct inhibition of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (M.-L.C.); (I.-S.T.)
| | - Chuan-Chi Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Kai Wang
- Radiation Biology Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (M.-L.C.); (I.-S.T.)
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (M.-L.C.); (I.-S.T.)
| | - Fu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (C.-Y.K.); (M.-L.C.); (I.-S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-66289779-5793
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Cao XY, Qiu LY, Zhang JP, Xiong M, Zhao YL, Lu Y, Zhou JR, Wei ZJ, Sun RJ, Liu DY, Zhang X, Yang JF, Lu PH. [CART therapy followed by allo-HSCT for patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapsing after the first hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:318-323. [PMID: 33979977 PMCID: PMC8120115 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
目的 观察嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CART)序贯二次异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗移植后复发急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)的疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2015年10月至2020年6月在河北燕达陆道培医院接受二次allo-HSCT的41例B-ALL患者的临床资料,入选患者均为移植后骨髓形态学或髓外复发且二次移植前接受CART治疗。 结果 全部41例患者中男21例、女20例,二次移植时中位年龄为16(3~46)岁。移植后骨髓复发31例(75.6%)、髓外复发5例(12.2%)、骨髓和髓外复发5例(12.2%)。复发后接受CD19-CART治疗35例(85.4%)、CD22-CART治疗2例(4.9%)、CD19-CART联合CD22-CART治疗4例(9.8%)。二次移植后预期3年总生存(OS)率为48.9%(95% CI 23.0%~70.6%)、无白血病生存(LFS)率为41.8%(95% CI 17.3%~64.9%),累积复发率(RI)为8.8%(95% CI 2.9%~26.4%),非复发相关死亡率(NRM)为51.1%(95% CI 31.2%~83.6%)。首次移植后复发时间≤6个月组(10例)二次移植后1年OS率低于复发时间>6个月组(31例)[45.0%(95% CI 12.7%~73.5%)对75.0%(95% CI 51.4%~88.8%),P=0.017]。 结论 CART序贯二次allo-HSCT可使部分造血干细胞移植后复发B-ALL患者获得长生存,但NRM较高,移植方案有待进一步改进。
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Cao
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - L Y Qiu
- Cryopreservation Department, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - J P Zhang
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - M Xiong
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Y L Zhao
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - J R Zhou
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Z J Wei
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - R J Sun
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - D Y Liu
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - J F Yang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - P H Lu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
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15
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Chen YC, Lu PH, Lu PH. The Efficacy of Intramuscular Injection of Vitamin B12 in the Treatment of Acute Herpetic Neuralgia-A Prospective Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:525-526. [PMID: 33595360 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Li NN, Liu LH, Yang JF, Fan LJ, Gao XX, Yin DX, Lu PH, Zhang JP. [allo-CD19-CAR-T cells therapy followed with same-donor allo-HSCT to treat relapsed B-ALL: two cases report and literatures review]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021; 41:943-945. [PMID: 33333700 PMCID: PMC7767802 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N N Li
- Department of BMT, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - L H Liu
- Department of BMT, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - J F Yang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - L J Fan
- Department of BMT, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - X X Gao
- Department of BMT, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - D X Yin
- Department of BMT, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - P H Lu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - J P Zhang
- Department of BMT, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
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17
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Lin CH, Lu PH, Yue CT, Hsieh PC, Lin YH, Lan CC, Chiu V, Tzeng IS, Kuo CY. Chrysophanol Triggers Cell Death via Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Oral Cancer FaDu Cells. CURR TOP NUTRACEUT R 2020; 19:64-68. [DOI: 10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:64-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that can be life threatening. Unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress play a critical role in carcinogenesis. However, prolonged activation of unfolded protein response also activates apoptosis. Thus, a new treatment strategy maybe activation of extensive unfolded protein response and severe endoplasmic reticulum stress in tumor cells. We examined the pharmacological effects of chrysophanol on an oral cancer cell line FaDu, a hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma specifically for its ability to cause cell death via unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We measured the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein, C/EBP homologous protein, phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α, and activating transcription factor 6 after treatment with chrysophanol in absence or presence of APY29 (an inhibitor of phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α). Chrysophanol caused cell death via upregulations of binding immunoglobulin protein that is also known as 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP homologous protein, phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α, and activating transcription factor 6. This activity was reversed by APY29. Thus, chrysophanol could be a useful antitumor agent for the management of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tai Yue
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Chin Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- _aff School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Valeria Chiu
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Zhou JR, Zhang X, Zhao YL, Yang JF, Zhang JP, Cao XY, Lu Y, Liu DY, Lyu FY, Ouyang J, Lu PH. [Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 34 cases of acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3 internal tandem duplication and MLL gene rearrangement]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 39:751-756. [PMID: 30369187 PMCID: PMC7342257 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
目的 探讨同时伴FLT3-ITD突变及MLL基因异常的急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的临床特征及转归。 方法 回顾性分析34例同时伴FLT3-ITD突变及MLL基因异常的AML患者的临床资料,比较化疗、化疗加靶向药物治疗及allo-HSCT的疗效及影响因素。 结果 34例同时伴FLT3-ITD突变及MLL基因异常的AML患者占同期住院AML患者的2.02%。入院时WBC>30×109/L的患者占63.6%,其中WBC>50×109/L者占39.4%。FAB亚型中以M5比例最高,占35.3%,染色体核型异常者达63.6%,其中复杂异常占12.1%。34例患者中仅有FLT3-ITD及MLL基因异常(双基因异常)者11例(32.4%),具FLT3及MLL以外的1种及1种以上的基因异常(多基因异常)者23例(67.6%)。34例患者2个疗程完全缓解(CR)率为29.4%,7例(20.6%)化疗≥3个疗程后CR,CR患者的早期复发率为52.9%。WBC>50×109/L以及多基因异常的患者2个疗程CR率较低(7.7%、5.4%),其中具有3种以上基因异常的患者无一例CR。34例患者2年总生存(OS)率为28.8%(95%CI 13.5%~46.0%),2年无病生存(DFS)率为27.1%(95% CI 12.5%~44.0%)。18例仅使用化疗或化疗加靶向药物治疗的患者,17例在2年内死亡,1例放弃治疗后失访。接受allo-HSCT治疗的患者3年OS率为43.4%(95%CI 13.7%~70.4%),3年DFS率为42.7%(95% CI 13.4%~69.7%)。 结论 同时伴FLT3-ITD突变及MLL基因异常的AML患者FAB分型以M5多见,常伴高白细胞血症、细胞遗传学异常及多基因异常。患者化疗缓解率低,早期复发率高,长期生存率低。高白细胞血症、多基因异常可能是此类患者疗效差的重要原因,allo-HSCT可改善患者的转归。
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Zhou
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
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Pan J, Yang JF, Deng BP, Zhao XJ, Zhang X, Lin YH, Wu YN, Deng ZL, Zhang YL, Liu SH, Wu T, Lu PH, Lu DP, Chang AH, Tong CR. High efficacy and safety of low-dose CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapy in 51 refractory or relapsed B acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Leukemia 2017; 31:2587-2593. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Abstract
A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted to investigate whether ghrelin level in obese women predicts the quality of life (QOL). A total of 307 subjects fulfilled the criteria: (1) age between 20 and 65 years old, (2) body mass index ≥27 kg/m2 (3) waist circumference ≥80 cm were enrolled in the study. All subjects were assigned to one of the plasma ghrelin level categories according to the quartiles. The median of age and BMI of the 307 obese women were 45 ± 18 years and 29.9 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively. The main outcome evaluated is the associations of plasma ghrelin level and QOL, which were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Results of linear trend test show significant statistical difference in plasma lipoproteins (triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholestero and LDL-cholesterol = and levels of obesity-related hormone peptides, including leptin, adiponectin, insulin among quartiles of ghrelin. Multiple liner regression analysis of serum obesity-related hormone peptide level and QOL using stepwise method shows ghrelin concentration was the only predictor of QOL, including PCS-12 level (β = -0.18, p = 0.001), MCS-12 level (β = -0.14, p = 0.009), WHOQOL-BREF scores: physical (β = -0.13, p = 0.03), psychological (β = -0.16, p = 0.007), social (β = -0.21, p = < 0.001), and environmental (β = -0.22, p = <0.001), after adjusting other factors for obese female subjects. This study demonstrated that ghrelin concentration is strongly associated with QOL level among obese women. Hence, ghrelin concentration might be a valuable marker to be monitored in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lu
- a School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan.,b Department of Dermatology , Far Eastern Memorial Hospital , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Y L Song
- a School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - C H Hsu
- a School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan.,c Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine , Taipei City Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
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Lu PH, Hsu CH. Does supplementation with green tea extract improve acne in post-adolescent women? A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2016; 25:159-63. [PMID: 27062963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea is believed to have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of acne. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE), providing a daily dose of 856 mg of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) upon women with post-adolescent acne. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted from May 2012 through October 2013. A final group of 80 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 1500 mg of decaffeinated GTE or placebo (cellulose) daily for 4 weeks. Inflammatory lesion counts were used as the major outcome measurement. At baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment, anthropometric measurements, fasting glucose levels and a lipid profile were measured from both groups. RESULTS Sixty-four of 80 women, from 25 to 45 years of age with moderate-to-severe acne completed the study. Statistically significant differences were noted in inflammatory lesion counts distributed on the nose, periorally and on the chin between the two groups. However, there were no significant differences between groups for total lesion counts. Within-group comparison revealed that the GTE group had significant reductions in inflammatory lesions distributed on the forehead and cheek, and significant reductions in total lesion counts. GTE resulted in significant reductions in total cholesterol levels within the GTE group. CONCLUSIONS GTE resulted in significant reductions in lesions located on the nose, perioral area and chin. More research is required to determine whether a decaffeinated GTE standardized for EGCG content will provide clinical benefits in women with post-adolescent acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - C H Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan; Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taiwan.
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Lu PH, Hsu CH. Body mass index is negatively associated with acne lesion counts in Taiwanese women with post-adolescent acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:2046-50. [PMID: 25266447 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne in adult women tends to be chronic, refractory to treatment and associated with psychosocial problems. Body mass index (BMI) has been reported to be a risk factor for acne in school children and adolescents, but not in adult women. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between BMI and acne lesion counts in women with post-adolescent acne. METHODS Hundred and four women between 25 and 45 years of age, with moderate or severe acne vulgaris were enrolled in this study. The main outcome evaluated was the number of acne lesions, which were then assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The coefficients of multiple regression analysis with stepwise model showed that BMI (β = -0.36; p = 0.001) and family history (β = 0.21; p = 0.04) were the main predictors of the number of acne lesions. CONCLUSION Initial findings indicate that BMI is negatively associated with the number of acne lesions in Taiwanese women with moderate to severe post-adolescent acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Branch of Linsen and Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu PH, Yang CS, Devendar B, Liao CC. Syntheses of Optically Pure Conduramines via the Strategy of Hetero Diels−Alder Reaction of Masked o-Benzoquinones with Homochiral Nitroso Dienophiles. Org Lett 2010; 12:2642-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100840n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 32023, Taiwan
| | - Badugu Devendar
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 32023, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the presence of depression predicts higher rate of progression to Alzheimer disease (AD) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and whether donepezil treatment beneficially affect this relationship. METHODS The study sample was composed of 756 participants with aMCI from the 3-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study drug trial of donepezil and vitamin E. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and participants were followed either to the end of study or to the primary endpoint of progression to probable or possible AD. RESULTS Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for age at baseline, gender, apolipoprotein genotype, and NYU paragraph delayed recall score, showed that higher BDI scores were associated with progression to AD (p = 0.03). The sample was stratified into depressed (BDI score > or =10; n = 208) and nondepressed (BDI <10; n = 548) groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that among the depressed subjects, the proportion progressing to AD was lower for the donepezil group than the combined vitamin E and placebo groups at 1.7 years (p = 0.023), at 2.2 years (p = 0.025), and remained marginally lower at 2.7 years (p = 0.070). The survival curves among the three treatment groups did not differ within the nondepressed participants. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that depression is predictive of progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer disease (AD) and treatment with donepezil delayed progression to AD among depressed subjects with aMCI. Donepezil appears to modulate the increased risk of AD conferred by the presence of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lu
- Departments of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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25
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Liou JP, Mahindroo N, Chang CW, Guo FM, Lee SWH, Tan UK, Yeh TK, Kuo CC, Chang YW, Lu PH, Tung YS, Lin KT, Chang JY, Hsieh HP. Structure-activity relationship studies of 3-aroylindoles as potent antimitotic agents. ChemMedChem 2007; 1:1106-18. [PMID: 16952120 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The concise synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 3-aroylindoles were carried out in an effort to improve the potency and solubility of anticancer drug candidate BPR0L075 (8) by exploring structure modifications through three regimens: substitution of the B ring, at the N1 position, and of the 3-carbonyl linker. The SAR information revealed that the methoxy group of the B ring could be replaced with an electron-donating group such as methyl (in compound 9) or N,N-dimethylamino (in compound 13) while retaining both strong cytotoxic and antitubulin activities. The introduction of amide (compounds 30-33) and carbamate (compounds 34-37) functionalities at the N1 position of 8 gave analogues with potent antiproliferative activities. The cytotoxic potency of 8 was improved by replacing the carbonyl group with sulfide (compound 41) or oxygen (compound 43), indicating that the carbonyl moiety is important but not essential. The N,N-dimethylamino derivative 13 not only displayed potent cytotoxicity and antitubulin activity, but also showed a markedly improved physicochemical profile relative to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Liou
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate three extraction tests, i.e., toxicity characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP), extraction procedure (EP), and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods, for their ability to extract metals in chemical sludge and incineration bottom ash, in terms of the precision of analytical results. Typical chemical sludges, including the electroplating and dye-stuff sludges, the municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash, the leather debris, and the steel-mill bottom residue containing Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were prepared for the lysimetry test (dynamic testing) to compare with the extraction results. Results show that for bottom residue and dye-stuff sludge, the concentration of metal leached was almost the same between the lysimetry leaching and the TCLP tests. The metal concentration followed the order: TCLP approximately = EP > ASTM. TCLP and EP exhibited almost the same relative standard deviation (RSD) value. Therefore, the results of the TCLP tests for bottom residue and dye-stuff sludge, which have a low metal content and alkalinity, can be used to estimate the metal concentration leached by typical acid rain in Taiwan; whereas the ASTM extraction test may be a better indicator of the lysimetry test.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan, ROC.
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27
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Bartzokis G, Beckson M, Lu PH, Nuechterlein KH, Edwards N, Mintz J. Age-related changes in frontal and temporal lobe volumes in men: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58:461-5. [PMID: 11343525 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.58.5.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging and postmortem studies provide converging evidence that, beginning in adolescence, gray matter volume declines linearly until old age, while cerebrospinal fluid volumes are stable in adulthood (age 20-50 years). Given the fixed volume of the cranium in adulthood, it is surprising that most studies observe no white matter volume expansion after approximately age 20 years. We examined the effects of the aging process on the frontal and temporal lobes. METHODS Seventy healthy adult men aged 19 to 76 years underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Coronal images focused on the frontal and temporal lobes were acquired using pulse sequences that maximized gray vs white matter contrast. The volumes of total frontal and temporal lobes as well as the gray and white matter subcomponents were evaluated. RESULTS Age-related linear loss in gray matter volume in both frontal (r = -0.62, P<.001) and temporal (r = -0.48, P<.001) lobes was confirmed. However, the quadratic function best represented the relationship between age and white matter volume in the frontal (P<.001) and temporal (P<.001) lobes. Secondary analyses indicated that white matter volume increased until age 44 years for the frontal lobes and age 47 years for the temporal lobes and then declined. CONCLUSIONS The changes in white matter suggest that the adult brain is in a constant state of change roughly defined as periods of maturation continuing into the fifth decade of life followed by degeneration. Pathological states that interfere with such maturational processes could result in neurodevelopmental arrests in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bartzokis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 2200 Fort Roots Dr, Bldg 170, (116A/NLR), North Little Rock, AR 72114, USA.
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Lopez RD, Waller EK, Lu PH, Negrin RS. CD58/LFA-3 and IL-12 provided by activated monocytes are critical in the in vitro expansion of CD56+ T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2001; 49:629-40. [PMID: 11258789 PMCID: PMC11036977 DOI: 10.1007/s002620000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A small proportion of human CD3+ T lymphocytes are known to co-express CD56, an antigen usually restricted in its expression to natural killer (NK) cells. Whereas the in vivo function of CD3+ CD56+ T cells remains unknown, we and others have previously shown that both in vitro and in vivo, these cells can mediate a significantly greater degree of MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicitv against a variety of human tumor cells when compared to either CD3+ CD56- T cells or lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells. While the mechanismns regulating the in vivo expansion of CD56+ T cells are not known, here we demonstrate the importance of CD2-mediated IL-12-dependent signals in the in vitro expansion of CD56+ T cells. Specifically, we show that activated monocytes provide a contact dependent factor (CD58/LFA-3) and a soluble factor (IL-12), both critical for the in vitro expansion of CD56+ T cells. The biological and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Lopez
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
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Bartzokis G, Beckson M, Lu PH, Edwards N, Rapoport R, Wiseman E, Bridge P. Increased CSF volumes are associated with diminished subjective responses to cocaine infusion. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 23:468-73. [PMID: 10989274 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the hypothesis that ventricular and cortical CSF volume increases are associated with reductions in the magnitude of euphoric effects produced by intravenous IV cocaine infusion in cocaine dependent (CD) individuals. Eleven CD patients participating in a cocaine-infusion study and eleven control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two CSF regions of interest (lateral ventricles and frontal cortex CSF) and two comparison regions (third ventricle and posterior cortex CSF) were measured. Self-reported ratings of the intensity of euphoric response ("high") were obtained from the CD subjects at 3, 10, and 30 minutes after IV administration of cocaine. A significant negative correlation was observed between the volume of the lateral ventricles and subjective ratings of the "high" experienced at 3 minutes, but not at 10 and 30 minutes after cocaine infusion. In contrast, a significant negative correlation between frontal cortex CSF volume and the intensity of euphoric response was observed at 30 minutes after IV cocaine. No significant associations were observed between the volumes of the two comparison regions and any subjective ratings of "high." No significant volume differences were observed between the CD and control groups in any region. The results suggest larger lateral ventricular volumes are associated with a decrease in immediate euphoria while larger frontal cortex CSF volumes are associated with a decrease in the duration of the euphoria induced by cocaine infusion. The age-related brain volume reductions underlying the volume increase in these two CSF spaces may be the neurobiological basis of the age-related reduction in the rates of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bartzokis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Bartzokis G, Beckson M, Lu PH, Edwards N, Rapoport R, Wiseman E, Bridge P. Age-related brain volume reductions in amphetamine and cocaine addicts and normal controls: implications for addiction research. Psychiatry Res 2000; 98:93-102. [PMID: 10762735 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4927(99)00052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the relationship between age and frontal and temporal lobe volumes in young cohorts of cocaine-dependent (CD), amphetamine-dependent (Am), and normal control subjects. Ten CD, nine Am, and 16 age- and gender-matched control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The volume of the frontal and temporal lobes was measured from an identically positioned slab of seven contiguous 3-mm-thick coronal images. Follow-up measures of the gray and white matter subcomponents of these volumes were also obtained. Both CD and Am groups had a significantly smaller temporal lobe volumes, but only the CD group demonstrated a significantly greater decline in temporal lobe volume with age (intracranial volume, education, and race were controlled for in all statistical analyses). Segmenting the brain regions into gray and white matter revealed that the negative correlation between age and temporal lobe volume of CD patients was mostly due to a significant age-related decline in the gray matter subcomponent. Negative trends between age and gray matter volumes were also observed in the Am and normal groups. In the frontal lobes, age was negatively correlated with gray matter volume in the control, CD, and Am groups. Unlike the consistent decreases in gray matter volumes, white matter showed non-significant increases in volume with age. The data suggest that CD patients may have an accelerated age-related decline in temporal lobe gray matter volume and a smaller temporal lobe volume compared to normal controls. In the frontal lobe, age-related gray matter volume reductions occur in all three groups. These age-related cortical gray matter volume reductions may be a biological marker for the risk of addictive behavior, which also decreases with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bartzokis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Bartzokis G, Lu PH, Beckson M, Rapoport R, Grant S, Wiseman EJ, London ED. Abstinence from cocaine reduces high-risk responses on a gambling task. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 22:102-3. [PMID: 10633497 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Although the detection of conscious fabrication (i.e., malingering) of cognitive symptoms has been the recipient of burgeoning interest within the last 10 years in the empirical and clinical neuropsychological literature, whether conversion/somatization results in similarly noncredible cognitive profiles has not been formally investigated. Two thirds (13 of 19) of subjects with cognitive complaints and 1-3/3-1 code types on the MMPI/MMPI-2 showed evidence of noncredible cognitive performance (i.e., failure on malingering tests and/or a "malingering" pattern on standard neuropsychological tests). These results suggest that symptom fabrication associated with somatization/conversion personality orientations can extend to noncredible cognitive complaints and not just the oft-described physical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Boone
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Torrance, CA 90509-2910, United States of America
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Bartzokis G, Goldstein IB, Hance DB, Beckson M, Shapiro D, Lu PH, Edwards N, Mintz J, Bridge P. The incidence of T2-weighted MR imaging signal abnormalities in the brain of cocaine-dependent patients is age-related and region-specific. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20:1628-35. [PMID: 10543632 PMCID: PMC7056205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/1998] [Accepted: 04/06/1999] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cocaine and its metabolites can produce vasospasm, and cocaine-dependent patients are at increased risk for stroke. Based on previous case reports, we hypothesized that the incidence of hyperintense brain lesions observed on T2-weighted MR images would also be increased in asymptomatic cocaine-dependent individuals. METHODS Sixty-two male "crack" (smoked) cocaine-dependent participants ranging in age from 25 to 66 years were compared with 116 normal male control participants ranging in age from 25 to 80 years. Those with histories of neurologic symptoms or illnesses were excluded. The severity of hyperintense lesions was rated on a 0- to 3-point scale, and ratings of 3 were used in the data analysis as an indicator of a probable pathologic process. Three regions were separately rated: the cerebral white matter, insular subcortex white matter, and subcortical gray matter (basal ganglia and thalamus region). RESULTS Significantly increased risk of severe lesions was observed in the two white matter regions of the cocaine-dependent group (odds ratio of 16.7 and 20.3) but not in the subcortial gray matter region (odds ratio of 1.4). In the insula subcortex white matter, the risk of lesions increased with age in the cocaine-dependant sample, but remained essentially absent among normal controls through the age of 80 years. In the cerebral white matter, the relationship of age and risk of lesion among normal participants was similar in shape to that in cocaine-dependent participants, but equivalent risk was seen 20 years earlier among cocaine-dependent participants. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine-dependent participants had a significantly increased age-related risk of white matter damage. The possible clinical implications of this damage are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bartzokis
- Mental Health Service Line, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock 72114, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the severity of choreoathetoid movements in cocaine dependent (CD) subjects and age-matched normal control subjects. METHODS Choreoathetoid movements were evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) in samples of 71 CD, 56 normal control, and 9 amphetamine-dependent male subjects. RESULTS The CD subjects had a significantly increased nonfacial (limbs plus body) AIMS subscore. When the nonfacial AIMS scores of the two groups were compared in relation to age, a significant age by diagnosis interaction was observed, indicating that the differences between groups were most marked in the younger age groups. The facial AIMS scores were also increased but only in the youngest CD cohort (under 32 years of age). The comparison group of 9 younger amphetamine-dependent subjects also showed increased AIMS scores. CONCLUSIONS Increases in choreoathetoid movements in younger cocaine and amphetamine-dependent subjects may be related to their psychostimulant use. The absence of differences in choreoathetoid movements between the older CD subjects and normal control subjects may represent an age-related self-selection effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bartzokis
- Psychiatry Service, Little Rock VA Medical Center, AR 72114, USA
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Bartzokis G, Beckson M, Hance DB, Lu PH, Foster JA, Mintz J, Ling W, Bridge P. Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of "silent" cerebrovascular toxicity in cocaine dependence. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:1203-11. [PMID: 10331113 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine and its metabolites can produce vasospasm. Cocaine-dependent (CD) patients are at increased risk for stroke, and a high frequency of brain perfusion defects has been observed in clinically asymptomatic CD subjects. This is the first controlled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of clinically asymptomatic CD subjects. METHODS Two age-matched groups of male subjects (61 CD and 57 control) participated in the study. Subjects with a history of neurologic symptoms or major medical or neurologic illness, such as hypertension, diabetes, or significant head trauma, were excluded. The severity of hyperintense lesions observed on T2-weighted MRI images were rated on a 0-3-point scale by an experienced radiologist who was blind to all clinical data. Ratings of 3 were felt to be significant indicators of a possible disease process and were used in the data analysis. Three regions were separately rated: the cerebral white matter, subinsular white matter, and subcortical gray matter (basal ganglia and thalamus region). RESULTS Despite the exclusion criteria minimizing risk factors for cerebrovascular events, 17 of the 61 (27.9%) CD subjects and 4 of 57 (7%) of the control subjects had severe hyperintense lesions suggestive of subclinical or "silent" anoxic vascular events. Significant group differences were observed in the two white matter regions but not in the subcortical gray matter region. The risk of severe white matter lesions in the CD group increased with age, reaching 50% in the oldest age quartile (46-58 years), and this increase was not related to the number of years cocaine was used. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that asymptomatic CD patients are a heterogeneous population with a significantly increased age-related risk of white matter neurovascular toxicity. Premature neurovascular damage may impact treatment outcomes and, as the CD population ages, may manifest as an increased incidence of cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bartzokis
- Psychiatry Service, Little Rock VA Medical Center, Arkansas 72114, USA
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Chou KY, Fu SL, Li NL, Huang LD, Wang FQ, Lu PH, Fan LA. Cis-trans complementation of DQA1-DQB1 genes are modulated by DQ alleles: an immunogenetics analysis of DQ association with the down-regulatory function of CD8 cells in trichosanthin-induced immunosuppression. Eur J Immunogenet 1999; 26:5-13. [PMID: 10068908 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.1999.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of a CD8 cell-mediated pathway (M+) was adopted as a phenotypic trait to analyse genetic predisposition in trichosanthin (Tk)-induced immuno-suppression. Tk is a natural protein antigen with 247 amino acid residues. Based on DNA typing for DR, DQ, DP and TAP genes, data in this paper indicate that only DQ genes were primarily involved and that the alleles DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 were strongly associated with the M+ phenotype in cis (on DR3 haplotype) or trans (on DR5/DR7 heterozygotes) complementation. This is consistent with our observation that only the DQ-positive cells were capable of expanding after being co-cultured with Tk for 96 h. Two points of interest were noted. (1) The susceptible haplotype DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 showed an association with the M+ phenotype only if combined with DRB1*04-, DRB1*08-, or DRB1*09-related haplotypes. When co-presented with DRB1*11-, DRB1*15-, DRB1*07-related haplotypes, however, no cis complementation could be detected. A detailed analysis of the association patterns indicated that the DQB1 locus of the non-susceptible haplotypes was the main factor for up- or down-modulation. (2) For M+ phenotype-related trans complementation in Tk-induced suppression, it was found that not only DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (DR5/7) alleles, but also associated DQA1*0301-DQB1*0201 (DR4/7, 9/7) alleles, were involved. The allele DQB1*0201 was not associated with the DQA1 alleles in DRB1*01-, DRB1*15-, DRB1*13-, DRB1*07-related haplotypes. The results obtained indicate that there are some additional genetic factors involved in the functional expression of cis and trans complementation of DQA1 and DQB1 genes, among which the DQ alleles play a critical role as self-regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Chou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Second Medical University, China
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Hong J, Fu SL, Shen ZY, Lu PH, Chou KY. Trichosanthin inhibits T cell activation by interfering with the recruitment of ZAP-70 to CD3 zeta chain. Cell Res 1998; 8:33-9. [PMID: 9570015 DOI: 10.1038/cr.1998.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant protein Trichosanthin (Tk) has been shown in our previous experiments to suppress antigenic response of T cells. Here we explored its inhibitory mechanisms on the proliferation of human Jurkat leukemia T cell triggered by anti-CD3 McAb. By examination of tyrosine phosphorylation of cell lysate, we were able to show that Tk could interfere with the PTK-related activity in the TCR/CD3-initiated signal transduction in addition to blocking the phosphorylation of PKC. As shown in our experiment, the expression intensity of ZAP-70, a kind of protein tyrosine kinase, was not changed but its phosphorylation could be inhibited. When physical link between CD3 zeta chain and ZAP-70 was further examined by using coimmunoprecipitation after pluse-treatment of the cell line with Tk, the anti-CD3 McAb-induced recruitment of ZAP-70 to CD3 zeta chain was observed to be blocked in some extent. This may account for, at least in part, how Trichosanthin was able to inhibit the TCR-triggered T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hong
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Second Medical University, China
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38
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Lu PH, Negrin RS. Cellular immunotherapy following autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 1997; 3:113-21. [PMID: 9310188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P H Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5290, USA
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Lu PH, Negrin RS. A novel population of expanded human CD3+CD56+ cells derived from T cells with potent in vivo antitumor activity in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. J Immunol 1994; 153:1687-96. [PMID: 7519209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported a novel protocol for the generation of highly efficient cytotoxic effector cells by culturing PBLs in the presence of IFN-gamma, IL-2, mAb against CD3, and IL-1 alpha. We have termed these cultures cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells because the phenotype of the cells with the greatest cytotoxicity expresses both the T cell marker CD3 and the NK cell marker CD56. Cells with this phenotype are rare (approximately 1 to approximately 5%) in uncultured PBLs. CD3+CD56+ cells expand nearly 1000-fold under these culture conditions. The majority of the CD3+CD56+ cytotoxic cells in CIK cultures were derived from CD3+CD56- T cells, and not CD3-CD56+ NK cells. Expression of CD56, but not CD8, on CD3+ cells correlated with the greatest cytotoxicity against various cellular targets. We have used mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) injected with human lymphoma cells to evaluate the in vivo antitumor effects of CIK vs lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Groups of animals inoculated with 1 x 10(6) SU-DHL4 cells (a human B lymphoma cell line with a t(14;18) chromosomal translocation), injected 1 day later with CIK cells either i.v. or i.p., had significantly prolonged survival compared with control animals injected with tumor cells alone (median survival 90 days vs 58 days, p < 0.001) or animals treated with LAK cells (median survival 90 days vs 68 days, p < 0.002). Approximately 30% of the SCID mice challenged with SU-DHL4 cells and treated with CIK cells became long-term survivors compared with none of the animals treated with LAK cells. No molecular evidence of occult lymphoma was found in the CIK cell-treated long-term survivors when their bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lung were analyzed by t(14;18) PCR at the end of 6 mo. By using these culture conditions, a novel population of cytotoxic cells can be generated readily from T cells that have superior in vivo antitumor activity in SCID mice, as compared with LAK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA
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Lu PH, Negrin RS. A novel population of expanded human CD3+CD56+ cells derived from T cells with potent in vivo antitumor activity in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.4.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, we have reported a novel protocol for the generation of highly efficient cytotoxic effector cells by culturing PBLs in the presence of IFN-gamma, IL-2, mAb against CD3, and IL-1 alpha. We have termed these cultures cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells because the phenotype of the cells with the greatest cytotoxicity expresses both the T cell marker CD3 and the NK cell marker CD56. Cells with this phenotype are rare (approximately 1 to approximately 5%) in uncultured PBLs. CD3+CD56+ cells expand nearly 1000-fold under these culture conditions. The majority of the CD3+CD56+ cytotoxic cells in CIK cultures were derived from CD3+CD56- T cells, and not CD3-CD56+ NK cells. Expression of CD56, but not CD8, on CD3+ cells correlated with the greatest cytotoxicity against various cellular targets. We have used mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) injected with human lymphoma cells to evaluate the in vivo antitumor effects of CIK vs lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Groups of animals inoculated with 1 x 10(6) SU-DHL4 cells (a human B lymphoma cell line with a t(14;18) chromosomal translocation), injected 1 day later with CIK cells either i.v. or i.p., had significantly prolonged survival compared with control animals injected with tumor cells alone (median survival 90 days vs 58 days, p < 0.001) or animals treated with LAK cells (median survival 90 days vs 68 days, p < 0.002). Approximately 30% of the SCID mice challenged with SU-DHL4 cells and treated with CIK cells became long-term survivors compared with none of the animals treated with LAK cells. No molecular evidence of occult lymphoma was found in the CIK cell-treated long-term survivors when their bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lung were analyzed by t(14;18) PCR at the end of 6 mo. By using these culture conditions, a novel population of cytotoxic cells can be generated readily from T cells that have superior in vivo antitumor activity in SCID mice, as compared with LAK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA
| | - R S Negrin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA
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Abstract
Studies on the mechanism and enzymology of metabolic ibuprofen isomerization constituted the focus of this investigation. Comparative in vivo studies revealed that this biotransformation proceeded via a proton abstraction mechanism in all tested species of mammals, which is in agreement with the previous reports. Direct evidence supporting this conclusion stemmed from the in vitro epimerization of ibuprofen-CoA thioester in rat liver homogenates. Chemically synthesized (R)-ibuprofen-CoA thioester was rapidly transformed to its (S)-counterpart by subcellular hepatic preparations. Examination of this epimerase activity in various rat tissue homogenates indicated that this enzyme was highly tissue specific. This biochemical reaction mainly took place in the liver and kidney, whereas low levels of enzyme activity were associated with other tissues. Nevertheless, the liver and kidney homogenates failed to invert (R)-ibuprofen directly even in the presence of all the necessary cofactors. Presumably, the failure to characterize this bioconversion was due to the lack of enzymatic acyl-CoA synthesis in these homogenates. It is noteworthy that the '2-arylpropionyl-CoA epimerase' catalyzed the transformation from either direction and with high turnover rates. The catalytic efficiency of (S)-ibuprofen CoA epimerization appeared to be greater than that of the (R)-counterpart. These in vitro findings suggest that the step of acyl-CoA formation assume a pivotal role in controlling the stereoselectivity and efficiency of the in vivo metabolism. As the responsible acyl-CoA synthetase(s) in different species of animals may exert the reaction with different degrees of enantiomeric preference and efficiency, the resulting stereochemical outcome and metabolic rates of this bioinversion vary accordingly. Consequently, in guinea pigs, this biotransformation proceeds in both directions with nearly equal efficiency, whereas it is virtually unidirectional and slow in humans. Currently, the purification and characterization of this novel '2-arylpropionyl-CoA epimerase' from rat livers constitute the focus of this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881
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Chen CY, Lu PH, Chen CS. Metabolic inversion of stereoisomeric ibuprofen in man. J Formos Med Assoc 1991; 90:437-42. [PMID: 1680979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stereoisomeric inversion of ibuprofen has both toxicological and clinical implications, and may represent a potential pitfall for patients with metabolic disorders. For those patients, reduced renal clearance in conjunction with metabolic bioactivation resulting from inversion may increase the plasma levels of the active species to an unpredictable degree. This will give rise to enhanced adverse consequences from the same mechanism as its antiinflammatory action, via inhibition of prostaglandin formation. In this study, an enantioselective HPLC technique has been established to scrutinize this unique biotransformation. It was found that ibuprofen epimerization in humans in virtually irreversible, from R to S, which is in agreement with the previous reports. Also, using rats as a model, we have prepared active subcellular hepatic preparations to effect this biotransformation. The "2-arylpropionyl-CoA epimerase" readily converts R-ibuprofen-CoA into its S-counterpart. Examination of the epimerase activity in various tissues indicated that this metabolism mainly occurred in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C
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Chou KY, Lu PH, Fu SL, Su BH, Yu Q, Zhang DQ, Ma AL, Tsang JC. [The polymorphisms of HTC-defined HLA specificities in the Shanghai Chinese population]. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1990; 23:219-26. [PMID: 2375209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With reference sera and homozygous typing cells (HTCs) of 3rd Asia-Oceania Histocompatibility Workshop Conference, 56 healthy unrelated subjects in Shanghai were typed for HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ, and Dw. This paper presents the results of HLA-Dw typing, its relationship to serological class II antigens, and the distribution of Dw in the population. The polymorphism patterns of Chinese Dw specificities were quite different from those in Caucasoids and Japanese. The predominant Dw phenotypes detected in Shanghai Chinese were Dw 2, Dw 3, DKT 2, Dw 7 c, (Dw7 + Dw 17) and Dw 23 (DB 5). And significant correlations were observed between Dw 1 and DR 1, Dw 2 and DR 2, Dw 3 and DR 3, Dw 7 c and DR 7, DB 7 and DRw 8, as well as Dw 23 and DR 9. SMY 129, a novel Dw specificity defined by local HTCs and co-studied by the laboratories joined for Dw typing in 3rd AOHWC showed its correlation with DR 5. Nevertheless, more than fifty percent of Dw specificities could not be assigned in the four correspondent designated serological antigens, DR 2, DR 5, DRw 8 and DR 9, respectively, which, together with other blank Dw specificities, gave a total blank Dw gene frequency as high as 43.2% in the population. It was suggested by further analysis that novel Dw specificities might be identified more effectively if efforts would be concentrated on DR 5 and DR 9, two antigen families which, in some way, might represent the characteristics of HLA system in Chinese. Besides, certain HTC-defined antigens, e.g. Dw 3 and the DR 4-related Dw specificities, have been revealed to be in linkage disequilibrium with other DR antigens in addition with the correspondent designated ones, resulting in some unique haplotype combinations in Shanghai Chinese. It seems to us that the particular patterns of polymorphisms of serum- and cell-defined HLA class II antigens would be helpful to elucidate the mechanisms by which certain diseases are in association with HLA in Chinese in a different manner as compared with that in Caucasoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Chou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Second Medical University
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Yu GR, Chen SX, Mei SW, Zheng Y, Chen L, Zhou GY, Lu PH. Clinical and immunologic status of viral myocarditis and its treatment. Chin Med J (Engl) 1988; 101:191-6. [PMID: 2457472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Lu PH, Hong YZ, Shi NY, Zhang WD, Dai CS, Huang JW, Qin XX, Liu MZ, Tong DH. Radiographic findings in cotton textile workers and the relationship to cigarette smoking. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1986; 6:60-5. [PMID: 3704208 DOI: 10.1016/0273-2300(86)90039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A group of 140 cotton textile workers from Shanghai, Shandong, Guangxi, and Beijing have had their chest radiographs taken using similar requirements. Most had come from the preparatory departments of cotton mills and had a history of exposure to cotton dust for at least 20 years. As controls, 140 healthy individuals with no dust exposure were matched with respect to sex, age, and smoking history. All the radiographs were read according to the ILO International Pneumoconiosis Classification, and the manifestations belonging to categories 0/0 and 0/1 were grouped as "normal," whereas categories 1/0, 1/1, and 1/2 and above as "abnormal." There was no significant difference in X-ray abnormalities between cotton textile workers and controls (P greater than 0.05). But when the data on the cotton textile workers and controls were combined, an appreciable difference in the incidence of radiographic abnormalities was found between smokers and non-smokers (P less than 0.001). Cotton dust exposure may induce nonspecific interstitial pulmonary changes, but these changes were exaggerated by cigarette smoking. These two factors appeared to have an additive effect on the pulmonary X-ray findings.
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Chen SX, Yu GR, Bao SH, Mei SW, Zang DL, Zheng DS, Huang MX, Zhou GY, Lu PH, Sai FL. An assessment of thymosine in the treatment of patients suffering from myocarditis with decreased cell-mediated-immunity. Chin Med J (Engl) 1985; 98:841-6. [PMID: 3009100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Fan HZ, Chen JD, Lu PH, Hao XG, Li HT. [Acidic polysaccharides from Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt)]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1983; 18:203-8. [PMID: 6880759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ho SX, Wu L, Lu PH. [Pharmacokinetic studies on 3H-N-Hydroxycantharidinimide (author's transl)]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1981; 16:328-33. [PMID: 7246178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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