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Nizamuddin S, Govindaraj P, Saxena S, Kashyap M, Mishra A, Singh S, Rotti H, Raval R, Nayak J, Bhat BK, Prasanna BV, Dhumal VR, Bhale S, Joshi KS, Dedge AP, Bharadwaj R, Gangadharan GG, Nair S, Gopinath PM, Patwardhan B, Kondaiah P, Satyamoorthy K, Valiathan MS, Thangaraj K. Reply to 'Lack of replication of association of THSD7A with obesity'. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:727-8. [PMID: 26902698 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nizamuddin
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - P Govindaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Saxena
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Kashyap
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Mishra
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Singh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - H Rotti
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - R Raval
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - J Nayak
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, India
| | - B K Bhat
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, India
| | - B V Prasanna
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, India
| | - V R Dhumal
- Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - S Bhale
- Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - K S Joshi
- Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - A P Dedge
- Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - R Bharadwaj
- Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Nair
- Department of Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - P M Gopinath
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - B Patwardhan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - P Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - K Satyamoorthy
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - M S Valiathan
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - K Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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2
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Bidchol AM, Dalal A, Trivedi R, Shukla A, Nampoothiri S, Sankar VH, Danda S, Gupta N, Kabra M, Hebbar SA, Bhat RY, Matta D, Ekbote AV, Puri RD, Phadke SR, Gowrishankar K, Aggarwal S, Ranganath P, Sharda S, Kamate M, Datar CA, Bhat K, Kamath N, Shah H, Krishna S, Gopinath PM, Verma IC, Nagarajaram HA, Satyamoorthy K, Girisha KM. Recurrent and novel GLB1 mutations in India. Gene 2015; 567:173-81. [PMID: 25936995 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLB1 gene, leading to the deficiency of the enzyme β-d-galactosidase. In this study, we report molecular findings in 50 Asian Indian families with GM1 gangliosidosis. We sequenced all the exons and flanking intronic sequences of GLB1 gene. We identified 33 different mutations (20 novel and 13 previously reported). The novel mutations include 12 missense (p.M1?, p.E129Q, p.G134R, p.L236P, p.G262E, p.L297F, p.Y331C, p.G414V, p.K493N, p.L514P, p.P597L, p.T600I), four splicing (c.246-2A>G, c.397-2A>G, c.552+1G>T, c.956-2A>G), three indels (p.R22Qfs*8, p.L24Cfs*47, p.I489Qfs*4) and one nonsense mutation (p.Q452*). Most common mutations identified in this study were c.75+2InsT (14%) and p.L337P (10%). Known mutations accounted for 67% of allele frequency in our cohort of patients, suggesting that these mutations in GLB1 are recurrent across different populations. Twenty three mutations were localized in the TIM barrel domain, β-domain 1 and β-domain 2. In silico sequence and structure analysis of GLB1 reveal that all the novel mutations affect the function and structure of the protein. We hereby report on the largest series of patients with GM1 gangliosidosis and the first from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed Bidchol
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh Trivedi
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Facility, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, AIMS Ponekkara, Kerala, India
| | - V H Sankar
- Genetic Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhulika Kabra
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shrikiran A Hebbar
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Y Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Matta
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alka V Ekbote
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ratna Dua Puri
- Center of Medical Genetics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubha R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpana Gowrishankar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Childs Trust Medical Research Foundation, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shagun Aggarwal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prajnya Ranganath
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sheetal Sharda
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Mahesh Kamate
- Pediatric Neurology, KLE University's J N Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitanya A Datar
- Rare Genetic Disorder Clinic, Sahyadri Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kamalakshi Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Nutan Kamath
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Pediatric Orthopedics Services, Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Shuba Krishna
- Strand Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Puthiya Mundyat Gopinath
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ishwar C Verma
- Center of Medical Genetics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - H A Nagarajaram
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Facility, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Bidchol AM, Dalal A, Shah H, S S, Nampoothiri S, Kabra M, Gupta N, Danda S, Gowrishankar K, Phadke SR, Kapoor S, Kamate M, Verma IC, Puri RD, Sankar VH, Devi ARR, Patil SJ, Ranganath P, Jain SJMN, Agarwal M, Singh A, Mishra P, Tamhankar PM, Gopinath PM, Nagarajaram HA, Satyamoorthy K, Girisha KM. GALNS mutations in Indian patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IVA. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2793-801. [PMID: 25252036 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV A (Morquio syndrome A, MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS). The mutation spectrum in this condition is yet to be determined in Indians. We aimed to analyze the mutations in the GALNS gene in Asian Indians with MPS IVA. All the exons and the adjacent intronic regions of the gene were amplified and sequenced in sixty-eight unrelated Indian families. We identified 136 mutant alleles comprising of 40 different mutations. We report twenty-two novel mutations that comprise of seventeen missense (p.Asn32Thr, p.Leu36Arg, p.Pro52Leu, p.Pro77Ser, p.Cys79Arg, p.His142Pro, p.Tyr191Asp, p.Asn204Thr, p.Gly188Ser, p.Phe216Ser, p.Trp230Cys, p.Ala291Ser, p.Gly317Arg, p.His329Pro, p.Arg386Ser, p.Glu450Gly, p.Cys501Ser), three splice-site variants (c.120+1G>C, c.1003-3C>G, c.1139+1G>A), one nonsense mutation (p.Gln414*) and one frameshift mutation (p.Pro420Leufs*440). Eighteen mutations have been reported earlier. Among these p.Ser287Leu (8.82%), p.Phe216Ser (7.35%), p.Asn32Thr (6.61%) and p.Ala291Ser (5.88%) were the most frequent mutations in Indian patients but were rare in the mutational profiles reported in other populations. These results indicate that the Indian patients may have a distinct mutation spectrum compared to those of other populations. Mutant alleles in exon 1, 7 and 8 accounted for 44.8% of the mutations, and sequencing of these exons initially may be a cost-effective approach in Asian Indian patients. This is the largest study on molecular analysis of patients with MPS IVA reported in the literature, and the first report from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed Bidchol
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Rotti H, Guruprasad KP, Nayak J, Kabekkodu SP, Kukreja H, Mallya S, Nayak J, Bhradwaj RC, Gangadharan GG, Prasanna BV, Raval R, Kamath A, Gopinath PM, Kondaiah P, Satyamoorthy K. Immunophenotyping of normal individuals classified on the basis of human dosha prakriti. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014; 5:43-9. [PMID: 24812475 PMCID: PMC4012362 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.128857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human variations related to immune response and disease susceptibility is well-documented in Ayurveda. Prakriti (body constitution) is the basic constitution of an individual established at the time of birth and distinguishes variations, into three broad phenotype categories such as vata, pitta and kapha. Variation in immune response is often attributed to and measured from the difference in cluster differentiation (CD) markers expressed in lymphocytes. Currently, there are no reports available on the expression of CD markers related to prakriti. Objective: This is a pilot study performed to evaluate a panel of lymphocyte subset CD markers in dominant prakriti individuals. Materials and Methods: Immunophenotyping was carried out using whole blood from a total of healthy 222 subjects, who are grouped into kapha (n = 95), pitta (n = 57) and vata (n = 70) prakritis. CD markers such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD25, CD56, CD69, CD71 and HLA-DR were analyzed using flow cytometry method. Differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons between groups were performed by Bonferroni or Mann-Whitney U test with corrections for type I error respectively. Significance was evaluated by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: We observed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the expression of CD markers such as CD14 (monocytes), CD25 (activated B cells) and CD56 (Natural killer cells) between different prakriti groups. CD25 and CD56 expression was significantly higher in kapha prakriti samples than other prakriti groups. Similarly, slightly higher levels of CD14 were observed in pitta prakriti samples. Conclusion: Significant difference in the expression of CD14, CD25 and CD56 markers between three different prakriti is demonstrated. The increased level of CD25 and CD56 in kapha prakriti may indicate ability to elicit better immune response, which is in conformity with textual references in Ayurveda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Rotti
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Jayakrishna Nayak
- Department of Shalyatantra/ Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Harpreet Kukreja
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyothi Nayak
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramachandra C Bhradwaj
- Centre for Clinical Research, Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Centre for Clinical Research, Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B V Prasanna
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Puthiya Mundyat Gopinath
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Muthusamy A, Vidya KS, Pratibha PK, Rao MR, Vidhu SB, Guruprasad KP, Raghavendra U, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Establishment of an in vitro plantlet regeneration protocol for unique varieties of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla and Perampalli Gulla. Indian J Exp Biol 2014; 52:80-88. [PMID: 24617019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla (MG) and var. Perampalli Gulla (PG) are unique varieties with distinct flavour cultivated in Udupi, Karnataka State, and are exposed to several biotic and abiotic stresses. An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration method is required to expedite the manipulation of these brinjal varieties to cope up with stress by tissue culture and gene transfer methods. The present study, reports a rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for these two varieties. The in vitro growth response was studied on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-D, BAP and IAA, and the plantlets were regenerated efficiently from callus cultures of leaf, cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. Among the three explants, the hypocotyl explants were found to have better callus induction and multiple shoot regeneration. High frequency of shoot initiation was achieved from hypocotyl derived calluses in MS media with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L IAA in MG and PG. Efficient and rapid shoot proliferation, and elongation were noted in MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.3 mg/L GA3. The in vitro regenerated shoots produced healthy roots when they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. A significant difference was observed in percentage of callus induction, number of shoots per callus, shoot elongation and number of hardened plantlets of MG and PG. MG showed maximum response in all stages of culture than PG. Hardening of plantlets in tissue culture was achieved in three weeks. The hardened plantlets were grown in pots for further acclimatization in green house and finally transplanted to experimental garden where they developed into flowering plants and produced mature fruits with viable seeds.
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Moka R, Sreelakshmi K, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Cytogenetic evaluation of patients with clinical spectrum of Turner syndrome. J Hum Reprod Sci 2013; 6:129-32. [PMID: 24082654 PMCID: PMC3778602 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.117177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The objective of this study was to correlate the genotype, of female patients, withshort stature and primary amenorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-six subjects were recruited during 2005-2012. Microscopic and automated karyotyping analyses were done by using chromosomes isolated from the lymphocytes using Giemsa banding (GTG) to identify chromosome abnormalities. RESULTS: A total of 146 clinically suspected Turner syndrome (TS) subjects were recruited for the study, of which, 61 patients were identified to have chromosome abnormalities. The chromosomal abnormalities detected were as follows: Monosomy X (n = 19, 13.01%), triple X syndrome (n = 4, 2.7%), mosaic TS (n = 12, 8.21%), XY gonadal dysgenesis (n = 13, 8.9%), and structural abnormalities including X chromosome (n = 15, 10.27%) and one patient each with autosomal changes involving 9qh inversion and translocation of chromosomes 12 and 14. CONCLUSION: Karyotype abnormalities accounting for 46% in this study emphasize the need for karyotype testing in cases of short stature with primary amenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Moka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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John N, Rajasekhar M, Girisha KM, Sharma PSVN, Gopinath PM. Multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification study of children with idiopathic mental retardation in South India. Indian J Hum Genet 2013; 19:165-70. [PMID: 24019617 PMCID: PMC3758722 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.116115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mental retardation (MR) is a heterogeneous dysfunction of the central nervous system exhibiting complex phenotypes and has an estimated prevalence of 1-3% in the general population. However, in about 50% of the children diagnosed with any form of intellectual disability or developmental delay the cause goes undetected contributing to idiopathic intellectual disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 122 children with developmental delay/MR were studied to identify the microscopic and submicroscopic chromosome rearrangements by using the conventional cytogenetics and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis using SALSA MLPA kits from Microbiology Research Centre Holland [MRC] Holland. RESULTS: All the recruited children were selected for this study, after thorough clinical assessment and metaphases prepared were analyzed by using automated karyotyping system. None was found to have chromosomal abnormality; MLPA analysis was carried out in all subjects and identified in 11 (9%) patients. CONCLUSION: Karyotype analysis in combination with MLPA assays for submicroscopic micro-deletions may be recommended for children with idiopathic MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetha John
- Division of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Saadi AV, Gupta H, Angural A, Dhanya SK, Mony S, Oberoi D, D'Souza SC, Sahoo RC, Hande MH, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ADRB2 gene and their association with susceptibility for Plasmodium falciparum malaria and asthma in an Indian population. Infect Genet Evol 2013; 20:140-7. [PMID: 24012958 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The essential route to blood parasitaemia in malaria, erythrocyte invasion is facilitated by activation of the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway mediated by the β2-adrenoreceptor as one of the proteins on the surface of red blood cells. The effectiveness of bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids in the clinical treatment for asthma patients also depend on polymorphisms in the β2-adrenoreceptor gene (ADRB2). In a case control study, individuals affected by Plasmodium falciparum malaria, asthma and controls were tested for association of six ADRB2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) viz. rs1042711, rs1801704, rs1042713, rs1042714, rs1042717 and rs1042718, by direct DNA sequencing. The rs1801704 locus was significantly associated with malaria when compared against controls. The rs1042713 polymorphism was associated with forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC in asthma patients, pre (p=0.048) and post (p=0.038) treatment measurements. Predicted haplotype of the six SNPs computed from genotype data showed T-T-A-C-G-C conferred significant risk of malaria (p=0.02) whereas T-T-A-C-G-A was associated with risk of asthma (p=0.02). The haplotype T-T-G-C-G-C was protective against both malaria (p=0.02) as well as asthma (p=0.026) and C-C-G-G-G-C was protective uniquely for asthma (p=0.04). A significant outcome was that all variant alleles at the SNP loci were part of the haplotype conferring resistance to malaria disease and asthma, except rs1042713 and rs1042718 which showed very high frequency in asthma. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimates showed a distinct LD block of all SNP loci (D'=1 or >0.8) in malaria patients. This characteristic haplotype block was disrupted in the controls due to non-significant pairwise LD of the SNP loci; and a more extensive disruption of the block was noted in asthma patients. The study provides evidence for the proposed role of β2-adrenoreceptor mediated molecular mechanisms in etiology of malaria, as well as asthma disease and drug response, for further clinical and therapeutic application studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Vahab Saadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Girisha KM, Shrikiran A, Bidchol AM, Sakamoto O, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Novel mutation in an Indian patient with Methylmalonic Acidemia, cblA type. Indian J Hum Genet 2013; 18:346-8. [PMID: 23716945 PMCID: PMC3656526 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report on a girl with methylmalonic acidemia, cblA type with a novel homozygous mutation and describe the clinical phenotype and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Malik S, Kalra S, Gopinath PM, Saxena A, Kalra B, Kochhar K, Zaveri H. Fixed Dose Combination Therapy of Antioxidants in Treatment of Idiopathic Oligoasthenozoospermia: Results of a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction
To assess the effectiveness and safety of fixed dose combination (FDC) of antioxidants in treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.
Materials and methods
Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, randomized, Parallel three arm, Multicentric trial.
Setting
Fertility clinics of five centers across India.
Patients
One hundred and thirty-eight male subjects, aged between 21 and 50 years and subfertile for 1 year or more with the following baseline sperm selection criteria: Concentration <15 million/ml and total sperm motility <40%.
Intervention(s)
Eligible subjects were randomized to either of the three arms in a double-blind manner, i.e. arm 1 was given 2 tablets twice daily of FDC of antioxidants (coenzyme-Q10: 50 mg, L-carnitine: 500 mg, lycopene: 2.5 mg and zinc: 12.5 mg); arm 2 was given 1 tablet of FDC of antioxidants and one tablet of placebo twice daily and arm 3 was two tablets twice daily of matching placebo all for 180 days.
Main outcome measure(s)
The primary outcome measures were improvement in sperm count and sperm motility, whereas pregnancy rate was the secondary efficacy outcome.
Results
Compared to placebo, a statistically significant improvement was seen in sperm count (14.8-26.35 in arm 1 and 14.37-24.8 million/ml in arm 2, p < 0.0001), and sperm total motility (39.2-51.6% in arm 1 and 38.4-50.1% in arm 2, p < 0.0001), at 90 days, and treatment further improved these parameters at day 180. No intergroup difference was seen between arm 1 and arm 2. Mild adverse event of upper gastrointestinal discomfort by 8 subjects (three in arm 1; one in arm 2 and four subjects in arm 3) were reported. No serious adverse event was seen in the study.
Conclusion
Exogenous administration of fixed dose combination of antioxidants is a safe and effective therapy in improving the male subfertility.
How to cite this article
Gopinath PM, Kalra B, Saxena A, Malik S, Kochhar K, Kalra S, Zaveri H. Fixed Dose Combination Therapy of Antioxidants in Treatment of Idiopathic Oligoasthenozoospermia: Results of a Randomized, Doubleblind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2013;4(1):6-13.
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Rajasekhar M, Sreelakshmi K, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Cytogenetic study in recurrent pregnancy loss: an experience from tertiary care centre. Genet Couns 2013; 24:347-349. [PMID: 24341152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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12
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Guruprasad KP, Subramanian A, Singh VJ, Sharma RSK, Gopinath PM, Sewram V, Varier PM, Satyamoorthy K. Brahmarasayana protects against Ethyl methanesulfonate or Methyl methanesulfonate induced chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:113. [PMID: 22853637 PMCID: PMC3457898 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine has given great emphasis to the promotion of health. Rasayana is one of the eight branches of Ayurveda which refers to rejuvenant therapy. It has been reported that rasayanas have immuno-modulatory, antioxidant and antitumor functions, however, the genotoxic potential and modulation of DNA repair of many rasayanas have not been evaluated. Methods The present study assessed the role of Brahmarasayana (BR) on Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-and Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced genotoxicity and DNA repair in in vivo mouse test system. The mice were orally fed with BR (5 g or 8 mg / day) for two months and 24 h later EMS or MMS was given intraperitoneally. The genotoxicity was analyzed by chromosomal aberrations, sperm count, and sperm abnormalities. Results The results have revealed that BR did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations when compared to that of the control animals (p >0.05). On the other hand, the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations induced by EMS (240 mg / kg body weight) or MMS (125 mg / kg body weight) were significantly higher (p<0.05) to that of the control group. The treatment of BR for 60 days and single dose of EMS or MMS on day 61, resulted in significant (p <0.05) reduction in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in comparison to EMS or MMS treatment alone, indicating a protective effect of BR. Constitutive base excision repair capacity was also increased in BR treated animals. Conclusion The effect of BR, as it relates to antioxidant activity was not evident in liver tissue however rasayana treatment was observed to increase constitutive DNA base excision repair and reduce clastogenicity. Whilst, the molecular mechanisms of such repair need further exploration, this is the first report to demonstrate these effects and provides further evidence for the role of brahmarasayana in the possible improvement of quality of life.
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Neetha J, Girisha KM, Gopinath PM, Sekhar MR. A de novo translocation of chromosomes 1 and 2 in an 18 year old boy with syndromic mental retardation. Genet Couns 2012; 23:473-476. [PMID: 23431746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome analysis of cultured lymphocytes from an 18 year old mentally retarded boy with minor dysmorphic features revealed a de novo inverted insertion translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 2. The chromosome complement was interpreted as 46,XY, inv ins(1;2)(q44;p12pter). Parents were phenotypically normal with no chromosomal anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neetha
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Guruprasad KP, Mascarenhas R, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Studies on Brahma rasayana in male swiss albino mice: Chromosomal aberrations and sperm abnormalities. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011; 1:40-4. [PMID: 21829300 PMCID: PMC3149391 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.59826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda, the Indian holistic healthcare system encompasses traditional medicines with a principle of creating harmony and maintaining balance within the natural rhythms of the body. Rasayana is one of the branches of Ayurveda frequently used as rejuvenant therapy to overcome many discomforts and prevent diseases. It has been reported that rasayanas have immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antitumor functions. However, the genotoxic potential of many rasayanas remains to be evaluated. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of Brahma rasayana(BR) on genotoxicity in vivo in a mouse test system. The older mice (9 months) were orally fed with rasayana for 8 weeks. The treated groups showed no signs of dose-dependent toxicity at the dosage levels tested. The body weight loss/gain and feed consumption were unaffected at tested doses. Furthermore, sperm abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations were insignificant in the treatment group when compared to controls. However, there was a marginal increase in sperm count in the BR treated animals. These findings clearly indicate that there are no observed adverse genotoxic effects elicited by BR in experimental animals such as mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Guruprasad
- Division of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Center, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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15
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Rai PS, Murali TS, Vasudevan TG, Prasada SK, Bhagavath AK, Pai P, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Genetic variation in genes involved in folate and drug metabolism in a south Indian population. Indian J Hum Genet 2011; 17 Suppl 1:S48-53. [PMID: 21747588 PMCID: PMC3125048 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.80359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Genetic variations represented as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) vary across the world population. This genetic polymorphism (such as SNPs) plays an important role in pharmacogenomics. SNPs that affects cellular metabolism, by altering the enzyme activity, have an important role in therapeutic outcome. Allele frequencies in number of clinically relevant SNPs within south Indian populations are not yet known. Hence, we genotyped randomly selected unrelated south Indian subjects from different locations of south India representing the heterogeneous ethnic background of the population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Common variants of MTHFD1, TYMS, SHMT1, MTR, MTRR, CBS and SULT1A1 gene polymorphisms were screened from healthy unrelated south Indian volunteers. Genotypes were determined using RFLP analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified products and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Chi-square test was performed to test for deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for each locus. RESULTS: Gene allele frequency for several polymorphisms in our study differed significantly between the populations of other nations reported for several of the SNPs. These results demonstrate that the populations in different geographic regions may have widely varying genetic allele frequencies for clinically relevant SNPs. CONCLUSION: The present study reports, for the first time, the frequency distribution of MTHFD1, TYMS, SHMT1, MTR, MTRR, CBS and SULTIA1 gene polymorphisms in a south Indian population. Population-specific genetic polymorphism studies will help in practicing pharmacogenomic principles in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Sciences Center, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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16
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Cyril C, Rai P, Chandra N, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. MTHFR Gene variants C677T, A1298C and association with Down syndrome: A Case-control study from South India. Indian J Hum Genet 2011; 15:60-4. [PMID: 20680153 PMCID: PMC2910950 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.55217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms and low folate levels are associated with inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and consequently DNA hypomethylation. The expanding spectrum of common conditions linked with MTHFR polymorphisms includes certain adverse birth outcome, pregnancy complications, cancers, adult cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric disorders, with several of these associations remaining still controversial. Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation. It stems predominantly from the failure of chromosome 21 to segregate normally during meiosis. Despite substantial research, the molecular mechanisms underlying non-disjunction leading to trisomy 21 are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two common variants C677T and A1298C of the MTHFR gene were screened in 36 parents with DS children and 60 healthy couples from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The MTHFR genotypes were studied by RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified products and confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS The CT genotype was seen in three each (8.3%) of case mothers and fathers. One case father showed TT genotype. All the control individuals exhibited the wild type CC genotype. A similar frequency for the uncommon allele C of the second polymorphism was recorded in case mothers (0.35) and fathers (0.37) in comparison with the control mothers (0.39) and fathers (0.37). CONCLUSION This first report on MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in trisomy 21 parents from south Indian population revealed that MTHFR 677CT polymorphism was associated with a risk for Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Cyril
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai - 600 113, India
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17
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Girisha KM, Rajasekhar M, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Balanced translocation in mother leading to interchange trisomy 21? Genet Couns 2010; 21:183-185. [PMID: 20681218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report an unusual balanced translocation involving chromosomes 4 and 21 in a lady who had Down syndrome in her previous child. The most plausible explanation for this event is the 3:1 segregation of chromosomes at meiosis in her gametes leading to interchange trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Girisha
- Genetics Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India.
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18
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Murugesan R, Vahab SA, Patra S, Rao R, Rao J, Rai P, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase alleles, TPMT(*)2, (*)3B and (*)3C, and genotype frequencies in an Indian population. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:121-127. [PMID: 23136604 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfhydryl compounds including thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine and azathioprine. TPMT activity exhibits genetic variation and shows tri-modal distribution with 89-94% of individuals possessing high activity, 6-11% intermediate activity and approximately 0.3% low activity. Patients with intermediate or deficient TPMT activity exposed to thiopurine drugs show severe hematopoietic toxicity. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TPMT (NM_000367.2:c.238G>C, NM_000367.2:c.460G>A and NM_000367.2:c.719A>G) define the most prevalent mutant alleles associated with loss of catalytic activity reported in several populations. The present study investigated, for the first time, the frequency distribution of these three SNPs of TPMT, their alleles and genotypes in a Southern Indian population. Peripheral blood was obtained from 326 individuals of a Southern Indian population, and genomic DNA was isolated from total peripheral white blood cells. The genotypes at the polymorphic loci were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and confirmatory DNA sequencing. The estimated genotype frequency for homozygous TPMT(*)1/(*)1 was 97.24%, for heterozygous TPMT(*)1/(*)2 and TPMT(*)1/(*)3B, 0.61% each, and for heterozygous TPMT(*)1/(*)3C, 1.53%. The frequency of heterozygous mutants in the studied Indian population was 2.76%. This study demonstrated significant variations in TPMT gene polymorphisms in an Indian population in relation to other human populations and may help to predict both clinical efficacy and drug toxicity of thiopurine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Murugesan
- Manipal Life Sciences Center, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
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Wimmer R, Schempp W, Gopinath PM, Nagarajappa CS, Chandra N, Palaniappan I, Hansmann I. A family case of fertile human 45,X,psu dic(15;Y) males. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 115:94-8. [PMID: 16974089 DOI: 10.1159/000094806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a familial case including four male probands from three generations with a 45,X,psu dic(15;Y)(p11.2;q12) karyotype. 45,X is usually associated with a female phenotype and only rarely with maleness, due to translocation of small Y chromosomal fragments to autosomes. These male patients are commonly infertile because of missing azoospermia factor regions from the Y long arm. In our familial case we found a pseudodicentric translocation chromosome, that contains almost the entire chromosomes 15 and Y. The translocation took place in an unknown male ancestor of our probands and has no apparent effect on fertility and phenotype of the carrier. FISH analysis demonstrated the deletion of the pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) from the Y chromosome and the loss of the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) from chromosome 15. The formation of the psu dic(15;Y) chromosome is a reciprocal event to the formation of the satellited Y chromosome (Yqs). Statistically, the formation of 45,X,psu dic(15;Y) (p11.2;q12) is as likely as the formation of Yqs. Nevertheless, it has not been described yet. This can be explained by the dicentricity of this translocation chromosome that usually leads to mitotic instability and meiotic imbalances. A second event, a stable inactivation of one of the two centromeres is obligatory to enable the transmission of the translocation chromosome and thus a stably reduced chromosome number from father to every son in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wimmer
- Institut für Humangenetik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
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Chandra N, Jegatheesan T, Chandralekha K, Ramesh A, Gopinath PM, Marimuthu KM, Cyrus C. Down syndrome child with 48,XXY,+21 karyotype. Indian J Hum Genet 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Santhiya ST, Shyam Manohar M, Rawlley D, Vijayalakshmi P, Namperumalsamy P, Gopinath PM, Löster J, Graw J. Novel mutations in the gamma-crystallin genes cause autosomal dominant congenital cataracts. J Med Genet 2002; 39:352-8. [PMID: 12011157 PMCID: PMC1735119 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.5.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Premkumar K, Pachiappan A, Abraham SK, Santhiya ST, Gopinath PM, Ramesh A. Effect of Spirulina fusiformis on cyclophosphamide and mitomycin-C induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Fitoterapia 2001; 72:906-11. [PMID: 11731115 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(01)00340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina fusiformis was tested for its possible in vivo protective effects against cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin-C (MMC) induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Pre-treatment with S. fusiformis (250, 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1), p.o., daily for 5 days) significantly reduced the chromosomal damage and lipid peroxidation with concomitant changes in antioxidants and detoxification systems. All the three tested doses were effective in exerting a protective effect against CP and MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Premkumar
- Department of Genetics, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600-113, India
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Abstract
Experiments were carried out to ascertain whether or not saffron (dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L.), a commonly used agent for flavoring and coloring food can exert modulatory effects on the in vivo genotoxicity of cisplatin (CIS), cyclophosphamide (CPH), mitomycin C (MMC) and urethane (URE). For this purpose, Swiss albino mice were pretreated for five consecutive days with three doses (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight) of the aqueous extract of saffron. Genotoxic effects were assessed in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. The results obtained suggest that pretreatment with saffron can significantly inhibit the genotoxicity of CIS, CPH, MMC and URE. This inhibitory effect was not always dose-dependent. In addition, the hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was assessed in the control and treated animals. No significant change in GST activity was observed after pretreatment with saffron alone. Treatment with the genotoxins alone significantly inhibited GST activity. Saffron pretreatment attenuated the inhibitory effects of the genotoxins on GST activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Premkumar
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
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Abstract
Genotoxicity evaluation of heat shock was carried out in Carassius auratus. The genotoxicity end points studied were nuclear anomalies (micronucleus assay), chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage (comet assay) and cell proliferation. The heat shock temperatures used were 34 degrees C, 36 degrees C and 38 degrees C. The results demonstrated that heat shock causes the induction of micronucleus at all the three temperature studied. Heat shock also inhibited cell proliferation at 38 degrees C and caused aberrations in the metaphase chromosomes at 34 degrees C and 36 degrees C. Comet assay demonstrated single strand DNA damage at all the three temperatures. The results obtained indicate that heat shock is a genotoxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Anitha
- Presently at Central Leather Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Adyar, 600 020, Chennai, India.
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25
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Thanemozhi G, Santhiya ST, Chandra N, Palka G, Jayam S, Gopinath PM. Trisomy 4p and partial monosomy 18q due to paternal translocation t(4;18) (p11; q21.3). Indian J Pediatr 2000; 67:601-4. [PMID: 10985005 DOI: 10.1007/bf02758495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A carrier status for balanced translocation in either of the parents increases the risk of congenital malformation in the offspring. A case of multiple congenital anomalies in a female newborn was found to be associated with trisomy 4p and partial monosomy 18q as a result of a reciprocal translocation, t(4; 18) (p11; q21.3) in the father. The clinical and cytogenetic findings are compared with characteristic features of trisomy 4p, monosomy 18q and two similar cases reported earlier.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Adult
- Chromosome Aberrations/diagnosis
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Fathers
- Female
- Foot Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- India
- Infant, Newborn
- Monosomy/diagnosis
- Pedigree
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trisomy/diagnosis
- Trisomy/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thanemozhi
- Department of Genetics, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, India
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Kannan K, Tharu R, Gopinath PM, Bharadwaj TP, Munirajan AK, Tsuchida N, Shanmugam G. Infrequent genetic alterations of p53, p16 genes and polymorphism in fhit gene in Indian myelodysplastic syndrome. Oncol Res 1999; 11:101-4. [PMID: 10489166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the tumor suppressor genes p53, p16, and fhit were studied in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) samples of Indian patients. PCR-SSCP analysis showed evidence for the presence of polymorphism in fhit gene in 7 of 15 samples. We failed to get any evidence for mutation in the p53, p16, and fhit genes. These results indicate that mutational inactivation of these genes may not play a major role in the development of myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kannan
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, India.
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27
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Valenzuela CY, Spikumari CR, Gopinath PM, Ghose N, Gajalakshmi P, Csoknyay J. New evidence of non seasonal factors in the menarche rhythm. Biol Res 1996; 29:245-51. [PMID: 9278715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic, ontogenetic and seasonal hypotheses on the annual periodicity of menarche were tested. Data from European, Asian (Caucasian, Mongolian and Caucaso-Mongolian people from the northern hemisphere) and Chilean (Caucaso-Amerindian from the southern hemisphere) populations were compared with data from Hungary (Caucaso-Mongolian Europeans from a northern temperature zone) and Madras, India (a complex ethnically originated people from a tropical northern area). Chileans were compared with those Caucaso-Mongolian people because Amerindians belong also to the Mongolian group. Hungarian girls showed peaks of menarche in the month of January (winter), June, July and August (summer), in contradiction with most European Caucasians who showed peaks only in winter months; and in agreement with Finns who showed both peaks. Indian girls had peaks in April, May and June (summer) and more extreme peaks and troughs than the Finnish girls (from a temperature arctic zone). These findings do not agree with the seasonal hypothesis, but they do with the phylogenetic hypothesis. Indian girls had a peak of menarche in the same month of birth and the arrangement of data according to the gestational-menarche coincidence showed a significant heterogeneity for the monthly peaks of menarche; thus, the ontogenetic hypothesis was also supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Valenzuela
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Pyrazinamide, an antituberculosis drug, was investigated for genotoxicity in mice, an in vivo rodent system. Three doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg bw corresponding to 5, 10 and 20 times the therapeutic dose respectively) were tested. The mitotic index and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations were analysed at three sample times (3, 6 and 24 h) after a single intraperitoneal treatment. The frequency of sperm shape abnormalities was also examined. The mitotic index showed a decrease in drug-treated animals compared with that recorded in the control set. The cells with chromosomal aberrations ranged from 4% to 8%. The maximum frequency of aberrations was found at the 3-h sample time. The frequency of sperm shape abnormalities showed a dose-related increase. These observations suggest pyrazinamide to be a weak genotoxicant at the doses tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Anitha
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, India
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29
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Graw J, Bors W, Gopinath PM, Merkle S, Michel C, Reitmeir P, Schäffer E, Summer KH, Wulff A. Characterization of Cat-2t, a radiation-induced dominant cataract mutation in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990; 31:1353-61. [PMID: 1973159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A dominant cataract mutation was detected recently among the offspring of x-ray-irradiated male mice. The mutation, which causes total lens opacity, has provisionally been designated by the gene symbol Cat-2t. In the lenses of heterozygous and homozygous Cat-2t mutants, the epithelial and fiber cells were swollen and the lens capsule was ruptured. The histologic analysis demonstrated a complete destruction of the cellular organization of the lens, which might be caused by its altered developmental processes. The data derived from biochemical investigations indicate that biochemistry of the cataractous Cat-2t lenses is affected: the osmotic state as indicated by the increased water content and increased Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity; the energy state as indicated by the decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration; and the redox state as indicated by the enhanced content of oxidized glutathione. Additionally, the lenticular protein composition is altered because of the presence of vimentin in the water-soluble fraction. This cannot be explained by the enhanced crosslinking activity of transglutaminase. The changes of the osmotic, energy, and redox states are considered to be secondary in relation to the altered lenticular development. In contrast, the variations concerning vimentin and transglutaminase might be a biochemical indication of the changed development. Possible similarities to other dominantly expressed murine cataract mutants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graw
- GSF-Institut für Säugetiergenetik, Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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30
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Abstract
Instances of balanced Robertsonian translocations between the homologues of chromosome 21 were observed in two couples with a history of repeated abortions. The male partner of one couple and the female partner of another couple exhibited this anomaly. The translocation (21q21q) was found to be transmitted to their live children with Down's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sudha
- Department of Genetics, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, India
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31
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Abstract
Genetic analysis of 169 mentally retarded (MR) children from Madras, revealed chromosomal abnormalities in 17%. Down syndrome was the major chromosomal anomaly (24/169 = 14.2%). These included three cases of trisomy-21 mosaics, and one case of de novo Robertsonian translocation. MR children with chromosomal abnormalities were either mildly or moderately retarded. Syndromes with known etiology occurred in 3% of the MR cases. Microcephaly, neonatal anoxia, perinatal stress and pharmacological attempt for abortion were found to be important pathogenic factors associated with MR. Most of the microcephalics (11/169 = 6.5%) were severely retarded, whereas those associated with neonatal anoxia and perinatal stress were either mildly or moderately retarded. Birth-order effects were found only among Down syndrome patients. Segregation analysis of the three groups of proband families (viz. mild, moderate and severe MR) indicated that autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is compatible in moderate and severe MR proband families. The proportion of X-linked instances of MR is estimated to be about 22% of the cases.
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Abstract
Cataractogenesis was studied in young rats homozygous for the radiation-induced recessive cataract mutation cat. Homozygous cat/cat rats have reduced body weight (about two-thirds of the wild type) when 3 weeks old. The litter size is also diminished to about two-thirds of the wild type. For lens-specific parameters, as compared with homozygous wild type, the wet weight of the cataractous lenses is reduced, although the concentration of water-soluble lens proteins per wet weight is the same. No major alterations could be detected in the pattern of the water-soluble lens proteins separated by isoelectric focusing or gel electrophoresis run with or without mercaptoethanol. Additionally, no statistically significant alterations could be detected in the biochemical parameters of the lens used as indicators for osmotic stress (water content of the lens and the Na+-K+-dependent ATPase), for the energy state (ATP) and for the redox state (oxidized glutathione and superoxide dismutase). In contrast, the activity of transglutaminase is significantly enhanced in lenses as well as in the liver of young cat-rats, which might be understood as a biochemical marker for alterations in the developmental program. Cataractogenesis in the cat-rat is, therefore, suggested to be part of a syndrome including dwarfism and reduced litter size.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graw
- Institut für Säugetiergenetik, Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung (GSF), Neuherberg, West Germany
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Sen Gupta J, Mathew L, Gopinath PM, Jayashankar A. Physiological factors associated with the success in marathon running. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1983; 27:73-82. [PMID: 6885135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Marathon running is the most gruelling athletic event in international sport. Success of well trained athlete largely depends upon his perfect coordination of movements in relation to speed and optimum physiological adjustments. In order to identify the physiological factors which play crucial contributory role in successful marathon runners an evaluation study was conducted on 7 successful Indian athletes from among many competitors. Results of the study were compared between the 1st and the 7th rankers vis-a-vis the world champion in this event. Results indicated that the maximal aerobic power and economy in 'work' involved in marathon running were most important factors for the success in this event. In addition, a comparison of the blood lactic acid level of Indian with that of the world champion revealed that the latter could sustain at 85% of his maximal aerobic power for 2 hours compared to 78% and 62% of 1st and 7th ranker Indian athletes. There was not much of a difference between the world and Indian champion in this respect. Further, thermoregulatory efficiency was also found to play an important contributory role in determining success in this event. It is considered that a suitable index incorporating all the above factors is likely to be the most appropriate screening procedure in the evaluation programme of marathon runners for the reasons as discussed.
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Mathew L, Gopinath PM, Purkayastha SS, Sen Gupta J, Nayar HS. Chemoreceptor sensitivity in adaptation to high altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 1983; 54:121-6. [PMID: 6404242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies were carried out in a group of 20 young male subjects to investigate the changes in chemoreceptor sensitivity during acclimatization to altitude. Their hypoxic sensitivity and carbon dioxide sensitivity were studied at Delhi, during acclimatization at 3500 m, and on return to sea level. Similar studies were also done in a group of 10 acclimatized lowlanders who stayed at 3500-4000 m for 12-14 months, and also on 10 high-altitude natives. The results showed no significant alteration in the hypoxic sensitivity of the lowlanders; but CO2 sensitivity was markedly elevated at altitude, both in sojourners and acclimatized lowlanders. The high-altitude natives showed less sensitivity to hypoxia, whereas the CO2 sensitivity was normal.
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Palaniappan B, Murugesan RG, Gopinath PM. A case of pseudoMeig syndrome--case report. Indian J Cancer 1980; 17:70-2. [PMID: 7399560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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36
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Jain VK, Kalia VK, Gopinath PM, Naqvi S, Kucheria K. Optimization of cancer therapy: Part III--Effects of combining 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatment with gamma-irradiation on normal mice. Indian J Exp Biol 1979; 17:1320-5. [PMID: 540982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sen Gupta J, Mathew L, Gopinath PM. Effect of physical training at moderate altitude (1850 m) on hypoxic tolerance. Aviat Space Environ Med 1979; 50:714-6. [PMID: 486020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effect of systematic physical training at moderate altitude (1850 m) on hypoxic tolerance was estimated on a group of young soldiers, by determining the Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) at a simulated altitude of 7620 m in a hypobaric chamber together with the Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) test. The subjects, after initial testing at Delhi (near sea level) were taken to an altitude of 1850 m and divided into two groups. One group was given systematic endurance physical training for 8 weeks, while the other group served as control. The subjects were then taken to an altitude of 3500 m and kept at that altitude for 4 weeks, after which they were brought back to Delhi and TUC was estimated again within 2 d. The results indicate that endurance physical training at moderate altitude improved hypoxic tolerance and the central nervous system activity under hypoxia.
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Nair CS, Gopinath PM, Tiwari OP, Chaphekar AH. Physiological responses of high altitude cycle race competitors to submaximal exercise at 3300m. Indian J Med Res 1975; 63:678-87. [PMID: 1213766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Nair CS, Gopinath PM, Prakash C, Tiwari OP. Effect of prolonged stay at altitude on orthostatic tolerance in man. Indian J Med Res 1973; 61:1633-40. [PMID: 4791508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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40
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Nair CS, Gopinath PM, Kumar BR. Tilt table studies at 11000 ft. on subjects recovered from high altitude pulmonary oedema. Indian J Med Res 1973; 61:1366-73. [PMID: 4779311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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41
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Nair CS, Malhotra MS, Gopinath PM. Effect of altitude acclimatization and simultaneous acclimatization to altitude and cold on critical flicker frequency at 11,000 ft. altitude in man. Aerosp Med 1972; 43:1097-100. [PMID: 5076611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Nair CS, Malhotra MS, Gopinath PM. Effect of altitude and cold acclimatisation on the basal metabolism in man. Aerosp Med 1971; 42:1056-9. [PMID: 5095501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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Nair CS, Malhotra MS, Tiwari OP, Gopinath PM. Effect of altitude acclimatisation and cold on cold pressor response in man. Aerosp Med 1971; 42:991-4. [PMID: 5110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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44
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Nair CS, Malhotra MS, Gopinath PM, Mathew L. [Effect of acclimatization to altitude and cold on basal heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and breath-holding in man]. Aerosp Med 1971; 42:851-5. [PMID: 5098576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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Nair CS, Gopinath PM. Effect of furosemide (lasix) on physical work capacity of altitude-acclimatised subjects at an altitude of 11,000 feet. Aerosp Med 1971; 42:268-70. [PMID: 5547632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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