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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mathews
- Musicians' Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London.
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Powell JJ, McNaughton SA, Jugdaohsingh R, Anderson SHC, Dear J, Khot F, Mowatt L, Gleason KL, Sykes M, Thompson RPH, Bolton-Smith C, Hodson MJ. A provisional database for the silicon content of foods in the United Kingdom. Br J Nutr 2007; 94:804-12. [PMID: 16277785 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Si may play an important role in bone formation and connective tissue metabolism. Although biological interest in this element has recently increased, limited literature exists on the Si content of foods. To further our knowledge and understanding of the relationship between dietary Si and human health, a reliable food composition database, relevant for the UK population, is required. A total of 207 foods and beverages, commonly consumed in the UK, were analysed for Si content. Composite samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry following microwave-assisted digestion with nitric acid and H2O2. The highest concentrations of Si were found in cereals and cereal products, especially less refined cereals and oat-based products. Fruit and vegetables were highly variable sources of Si with substantial amounts present in Kenyan beans, French beans, runner beans, spinach, dried fruit, bananas and red lentils, but undetectable amounts in tomatoes, oranges and onions. Of the beverages, beer, a macerated whole-grain cereal product, contained the greatest level of Si, whilst drinking water was a variable source with some mineral waters relatively high in Si. The present study provides a provisional database for the Si content of UK foods, which will allow the estimation of dietary intakes of Si in the UK population and investigation into the role of dietary Si in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Powell
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
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Pele LC, Thompson SJ, Kirkham B, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to soluble and particulate heat shock protein 65 in health and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Res 2007; 56:143-8. [PMID: 17522811 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-006-6136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whether particulate antigen triggers (i) an amplified cell proliferative response compared to soluble antigen and (ii) a dysfunctional response in cells derived from patients with chronic inflammation and specifically in those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SUBJECTS Healthy volunteers (n = 17), inflammatory controls (n = 8) and patients with IBD (n = 17) were recruited from St Thomas' and Guys' Hospital, London, UK. METHODS Following optimisation of experimental conditions (0.1-10.0 mug/ml antigen), PBMC were stimulated with (i) 10.0 mug/ml recombinant soluble heat shock protein 65 (hsp 65) and (ii) 1.0 and 10.0 mug/ml hsp 65 conjugated to microparticles (0.5 mum diameter). PBMC proliferative responses were measured by (3)H-Thymidine incorporation at day 5 and results compared between groups using unpaired t-test. RESULTS Conjugation to microparticles of low dose hsp 65 significantly increased overall proliferative responses by 2-11 fold compared to soluble antigen alone (p < 0.05). However, no specific PBMC proliferative dysregulation was noted in cells from subjects with IBD. CONCLUSIONS Low dose antigen, in microparticulate form, leads to amplified cell proliferation in primary human cells, as showed previously in cell lines and animal studies. However there is no abnormal proliferative response in cells from subjects with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Pele
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK
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Li ACY, Warley A, Thoree V, Simpson RJ, McKie AT, Kodjabashia K, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ. Immunolocalization of duodenal cytochrome B: a relationship with circulating markers of iron status. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36:890-8. [PMID: 17087784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brush border ferric reductase (Dcytb) is critical for the absorption of dietary iron and appears to be expressed on the duodenal enterocyte brush border. The Dcytb expression is increased in severe iron-deficient anaemia, but the situation in a more typical mild iron deficiency is unclear. This study investigated Dcytb expression in patients with normal iron status or mild iron deficiency and its relationships with enterocyte iron status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Duodenal biopsy specimens and blood samples were obtained from 32 patients undergoing routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Twenty-three specimens (six iron-deficient and 17 iron-replete) were processed for light-microscopy (LM) and for immunohistochemistry with antibodies against Dcytb and heavy/light chain ferritin subunits. The nine remaining biopsies (three iron-deficient and six iron-replete) were processed for electron microscopy (EM). Immunolocalization of Dcytb and intracellular ferritin was performed with appropriate primary antibodies followed by 10-nm gold conjugate labels. RESULTS The LM process showed a strong negative correlation between immunolabelling intensity of Dcytb on the enterocyte brush border and serum iron saturation (P < 0.001), but only a weak negative correlation between this antigen and haemoglobin (P = 0.08) or serum ferritin concentrations (P = 0.4). EM confirmed anti-Dcytb preferential labelling of microvilli rather than enterocyte cytoplasm (P = 0.001), but preferential antiferritin labelling of cytoplasm (P < 0.02). There was no correlation with enterocyte cytoplasmic ferritin labelling (i.e. enterocyte iron status and Dcytb expression). CONCLUSIONS Enterocyte Dcytb brush border expression is increased even in mild iron deficiency and may be related to serum iron saturation. The lack of correlation with enterocyte ferritin expression deserves further study with direct measurement of intracellular iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Y Li
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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Sorenson JRJ, Senapati A, Carlsson LK, Fletcher CDM, Browse NL, Thompson RPH. Is tissue copper dificiency associated with aortic aneurysms? Br J Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800730145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J R J Sorenson
- University of Arkansas College of Pharmacy, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Asha Senapati
- The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - C D M Fletcher
- The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - N L Browse
- The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - R P H Thompson
- The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Ashwood P, Harvey R, Verjee T, Wolstencroft R, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ. Functional interactions between mucosal IL-1, IL-ra and TGF-beta 1 in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Res 2004; 53:53-9. [PMID: 15021969 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-003-1219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2003] [Accepted: 08/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies aiming to define key cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease have been restricted to gene expression or protein quantitation but lack functional information on cytokine interactions. Some of the major cytokines that govern the extent and duration of the inflammatory process in ulcerative colitis (UC), appear to be interleukin 1 (IL-1), its natural inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta 1). Indeed, as a predictor of inflammation, the mucosal status of IL-1, depicted as a ratio of IL-1ra/IL-1, has often been used. METHODS Using an IL-1 bioassay and specific anti-cytokine antibodies we have identified the functional role of these cytokines and their interactions in mucosal biopsy samples taken from patients with UC. RESULTS Compared with control specimens, the secreted and tissue levels of IL-1 were consistently raised in UC samples. Levels of IL-1, rather than IL-1ra or the ratio of IL-1ra/IL-1, most closely mirrored the severity of inflammation. Using specific antibodies we showed that IL-1ra and TGF-beta 1 appear to modulate the degree of inflammation at different stages of the inflammatory process. Only in severely inflamed tissue, when IL-1 levels were high did IL-1ra inhibit IL-1-induced activity. In contrast, the levels of TGF-beta 1, and its effect in controlling inflammation, was most marked in mild but not severe UC. CONCLUSIONS The functional roles of these cytokines in the inflammatory process can now be more carefully elucidated using a bioassay and specific neutralising antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ashwood
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Ashwood P, Harvey R, Verjee T, Wolstencroft R, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ. Competition between IL-1, IL-1ra and TGF-�1 modulates the response of the ELA4.NOB-1/CTLL bioassay: Implications for clinical investigations. Inflamm Res 2004; 53:60-5. [PMID: 15021970 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-003-1220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of ELISA techniques to measure cytokine levels in clinical samples has chiefly replaced more labour intensive bioassays. ELISA measurements, however, do not reflect the functional activity of a cytokine within a sample; interleukin-1 (IL-1), for example, has two agonist isoforms (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta) and a competitive receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and can be regulated by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta 1). The net effect of these cytokines, rather than IL-1 levels, are frequently suggested to regulate tissue inflammation, but confirming this has been difficult. METHODS We used the ELA4.NOB-1/CTLL co-culture IL-1 bioassay to investigate whether IL-1 activity was inhibited by IL-1ra and TGF-beta 1 in a predictable manner. RESULTS Thymidine incorporation into CTLL cells, induced by IL-1, was reduced dose dependently by IL-1ra and TGF-beta 1. With optimal levels of IL-1 CTLL responsiveness was reduced by 90% by 1 ng/ml TGF-beta 1 and completely abolished by 100 ng/ml IL-1ra. As expected, TGF-beta 1 and IL-1ra had independent mechanisms of action on the bioassay cell lines, and, in combination, they caused an additive, but not synergistic, effect. Importantly, the effect of these cytokines could be completely abolished in the presence of neutralising antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Bioassay should provide specific functional information on the net IL-1 activity of clinical samples, while the use of specific antibodies could ascertain the contribution of individual cytokines within such samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ashwood
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate the concentrations of bilirubin, bilirubin conjugates, phospholipid, and cholesterol in the gall bladder bile obtained at surgery from patients with and without cholesterol gallstones. METHODS Gall bladder bile was collected during surgery, by puncture, from 20 patients with gallstones undergoing routine cholecystectomy and from eight patients with normal liver blood tests. Concentrations of bilirubin, bilirubin conjugates, phospholipid, and cholesterol were measured using standard procedures. RESULTS The proportion of total bilirubin that was unconjugated was significantly higher in the bile from patients with stones than in bile from control patients, whether or not the bile from either group was saturated with cholesterol or not. Indeed, the mean concentration of cholesterol was significantly higher in control bile samples. CONCLUSION The presence of stones was more closely related to the proportion of unconjugated bilirubin than to the degree of saturation of bile with cholesterol. Bilirubin and its metabolites probably play an important part in the formation of cholesterol gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Dutt
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Reffitt DM, Ogston N, Jugdaohsingh R, Cheung HFJ, Evans BAJ, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ, Hampson GN. Orthosilicic acid stimulates collagen type 1 synthesis and osteoblastic differentiation in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Bone 2003; 32:127-35. [PMID: 12633784 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicon deficiency in animals leads to bone defects. This element may therefore play an important role in bone metabolism. Silicon is absorbed from the diet as orthosilicic acid and concentrations in plasma are 5-20 microM. The in vitro effects of orthosilicic acid (0-50 microM) on collagen type 1 synthesis was investigated using the human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63), primary osteoblast-like cells derived from human bone marrow stromal cells, and an immortalized human early osteoblastic cell line (HCC1). Collagen type 1 mRNA expression and prolyl hydroxylase activity were also determined in the MG-63 cells. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin (osteoblastic differentiation) were assessed both at the protein and the mRNA level in MG-63 cells treated with orthosilicic acid. Collagen type 1 synthesis increased in all treated cells at orthosilicic acid concentrations of 10 and 20 microM, although the effects were more marked in the clonal cell lines (MG-63, HCCl 1.75- and 1.8-fold, respectively, P < 0.001, compared to 1.45-fold in the primary cell lines). Treatment at 50 microM resulted in a smaller increase in collagen type 1 synthesis (MG-63 1.45-fold, P = 0.004). The effect of orthosilicic acid was abolished in the presence of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors. No change in collagen type 1 mRNA level was seen in treated MG-63 cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin were significantly increased (1.5, 1.2-fold at concentrations of 10 and 20 microM, respectively, P < 0.05). Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin also increased significantly following treatment. In conclusion, orthosilicic acid at physiological concentrations stimulates collagen type 1 synthesis in human osteoblast-like cells and enhances osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Reffitt
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Jonas MM, Linton RAF, O'Brien TK, Band DM, Linton NWF, Kelly F, Burden TJ, Chevalier SFA, Thompson RPH, Birch NJ, Powell JJ. THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF INTRAVENOUS LITHIUM CHLORIDE IN PATIENTS AND NORMAL VOLUNTEERS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/tma-100002220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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O’Byrne P, Collins P, Johnson A, Ledwith M, Lane B, Bouchier-Hayes D, MacMathuna P, O’Reilly T, Barry M, Duanes-Laita A, Feely J, Keeling PWN, Cotter P, Burke G, Waldron R, Zinner MJ, Jaffe BM, Givan F, Keye G, Byrne P, O’Brien M, O’Farrelly C, Stevens F, McCarthy C, Feighery C, Weir DG, Hannigan MC, Stevens FM, McCarthy CF, Fottrell PF, O’Connor MP, Kennedy NP, Courtney MG, Kelleher D, Weir DW, Senapati A, Kitler ME, Thompson RPH, O’Shea B, Madigan D, Keeling P, Hennessy TPJ, Meenan JJ, Gaffney EF, Duigan JP, Johnson AH, Collins PB, Healy MV, Skehill R, Grimes H, O’Farrelly C, Kelly J, Rees R, Hoey H, Humphreys H, Dooley C, O’Leary D, Bourke S, McKenna D, Power B, Keane C, Sweeney E, O’Morain CA, Afdhal NH, McCormick A, O’Donoghue DP, Quigley EMM, Turnberg LA, Moorehead RJ, Hoper M, McKelvey STD, Tobbia I, Rafferty R, Gillen P, Stuart R, Dawson K, Collins JSA, McKnigh JA, Pyper PC, Love AHG, Dillon ME, O’Connor E, Keeling PWN, Broe PJ, Harte PI, Keane T, Garstin WIH, Buchanan KD, Walsh JP, Bloomfield FJ, Maxwell WJ, Hogan FP, O’Malley VP, Postier RG, Lombard M, Craven C, Spencer S, Crowe J, Quinn F, Templeton JL, Tobin MV, Hughes S, Gilmore IT, Keane RM, Johnson AB, Duenas-Laita A, Younger K, O’Brien T, Cotter J, Cullinane T, Whelton MJ, Waldron D, Bowes K, Given HF, Gawley WF, Gorey TF, Osborne DH, Lane BE, Collins PG, Boston VE, O’Mahony C. Irish society of gastroenterology. Ir J Med Sci 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02962975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thompson RPH. Honorary senior registrars. West J Med 1983. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.287.6404.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Thompson RPH. Points from Letters: A case for private practice? West J Med 1976. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6000.46-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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