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Laugharne R, Wilcock M, Rees J, Wainwright D, Newton N, Sterritt J, Badger S, Bishop R, Bassett P, Shankar R. Clinical characteristics of people with intellectual disability admitted to hospital with constipation: identifying possible specific high-risk factors. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024; 68:277-284. [PMID: 38031737 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities (ID) die on an average 20 years earlier to the general population. They have higher rates of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Around 25% of people with ID report chronic constipation. The England Learning Disabilities Mortality Review found that nearly 25% of deaths identified constipation as a long-term health problem. However, the likely risk factors for constipation related harm are poorly enumerated. We sought to identify possible specific high-risk factors by examining the clinical characteristics of people with ID admitted to hospital with constipation. METHODS Data of people with ID admitted with constipation in two general hospitals covering a population of 1.3 million from 2017 to 2022 were reported using the STROBE guideline for cohort studies. Collected data included age, gender, intellectual disability severity, recorded medication, presenting complaint and co-morbidities. The medication anticholinergic burden was calculated using the anticholinergic burden scale. Continuous variables were summarised by mean and standard deviation if normally distributed, with categorical variables summarised by the number and percentage in each category. RESULTS Of 46 admissions (males 52%), 57% had moderate to profound ID, 37% had epilepsy, 41% prescribed antiseizure medication (ASM) and 45% were on laxatives. Average age was 46 years. The anticholinergic burden score mean was 2.3 and median, one. CONCLUSIONS We can hypothesise that people with more severe ID, suffering from epilepsy and on ASM may be more at risk of developing severe constipation. Some admissions may be avoided with earlier use of laxatives in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Laugharne
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER) University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Truro, UK
| | - M Wilcock
- Pharmacy department Learning Disability Liasion service, Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, Truro, UK
| | - J Rees
- Pharmacy department Learning Disability Liasion service, Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, Truro, UK
| | - D Wainwright
- Adult Learning Disability Services, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - N Newton
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
| | - J Sterritt
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
| | - S Badger
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
| | - R Bishop
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER) University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Truro, UK
| | - P Bassett
- Statsconsultancy Ltd. Bucks, London, UK
| | - R Shankar
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER) University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Truro, UK
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Bishop R, Laugharne R, Shaw N, Russell AM, Goodley D, Banerjee S, Clack E, Shankar R. The inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in health research - challenges, barriers and opportunities: a mixed-method study among stakeholders in England. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024; 68:140-149. [PMID: 37815212 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to understand system barriers to research participation for people with intellectual disabilities. METHODS A mixed-methods approach examined the inclusivity of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) in a random sample of National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) studies conducted in 2019-2020. An online questionnaire (stage 1) was sent to the selected studies lead investigators. An expert by experience panel of 25 people with intellectual disabilities (IDs, stage 2), discussed the stage 1 feedback. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data was conducted. RESULTS Of 180 studies reviewed, 131 studies (78%) excluded people with IDs. Of these, 45 (34.3%) study researchers provided feedback. Seven (20%) of the 34 studies which included people with IDs gave feedback. Of all respondents over half felt their study had some relevance to people with IDs. A minority (7.6%) stated their study had no relevance. For a quarter of respondents (23.5%), resource issues were a challenge. Qualitative analysis of both stages produced four overarching themes of Research design and delivery, Informed consent, Resource allocation, and Knowledge and skills. CONCLUSION Health research continues to exclude people with IDs. Researchers and experts by experience identified non-accessible research design, lack of confidence with capacity and consent processes, limited resources such as time and a need for training as barriers. Ethics committees appear reluctant to include people with cognitive deficits to 'protect' them. People with IDs want to be included in research, not only as participants but also through coproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bishop
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
| | - R Laugharne
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
- School of Medicine, Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), University of Plymouth Peninsula, Truro, UK
| | - N Shaw
- NIHR Clinical Research Network South-West Peninsula, Exeter, UK
| | - A M Russell
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Goodley
- School of Education, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Banerjee
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - E Clack
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - R Shankar
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
- School of Medicine, Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), University of Plymouth Peninsula, Truro, UK
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Radhika R, Shankar R. Theoretical aspects of the adsorption of normal and modified base pairs of DNA on graphene models toward DNA sequencing. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37909477 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical understanding of the adsorption of DNA base pairs (GC, AT, CAF-T and CAF-C) on the graphene models (Gr, SiGr and SiGr-COOH) is investigated. Among the complexes, SiGr-COOH_AT is found to have the highest adsorption energies of -202.83 kcal/mol. The strong adsorption between DNA base pairs and the SiGr-COOH model leads to concomitant charge transfer responsible for the stability of the corresponding models and is verified with NBO analysis. AIM analysis discloses the high orbital overlap that signifies the strong interaction. Closed-shell interactions are observed through the positive values of total electron density, and it is also observed that Si-O(N) interaction has both covalent and electrostatic characteristics. This is the first theoretical attempt to investigate the adsorption of DNA base pairs on SiGr-COOH, which is more favourable than other models and may call for further experimental studies, which is crucial in developing new bio-sensors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radhika
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Balasundaram BS, Mohan AR, Subramani P, Ulagamathesan V, Tandon N, Sridhar GR, Sosale AR, Shankar R, Sagar R, Rao D, Chwastiak L, Mohan V, Ali MK, Patel SA. The Impact of a Collaborative Care Model on Health Trajectories among Patients with Co-Morbid Depression and Diabetes: The INDEPENDENT Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2023; 27:410-420. [PMID: 38107735 PMCID: PMC10723617 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_348_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Collaborative care models for depression have been successful in a variety of settings, but their success may differ by patient engagement. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the INDEPENDENT trial to investigate the role of differential engagement of participants on health outcomes over 3 years. Settings and Design INDEPENDENT study was a parallel, single-blinded, randomised clinical trial conducted at four socio-economically diverse clinics in India. Participants were randomised to receive either active collaborative care or usual care for 12 months and followed up for 24 months. Method We grouped intervention participants by engagement, defined as moderate (≤7 visits) or high, (8 or more visits) and compared them with usual care participants. Improvements in composite measure (depressive symptoms and at least one of three cardio-metabolic) were the primary outcome. Statistical Analysis Mean levels of depression and cardio-metabolic measures were analysed over time using computer package IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Results The composite outcome was sustained the highest in the moderate engagers [27.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 19.5, 36.7] and the lowest in high engagers (15.8%, 95% CI: 8.1, 26.8). This pattern was observed for individual parameters - depressive symptoms and glycosylated haemoglobin. Progressive reductions in mean depressive symptom scores were observed for moderate engagers and usual care group from baseline to 36 months. However, in high engagers of collaborative care, mean depressive symptoms were higher at 36 months compared to 12 months. Conclusion Sustained benefits of collaborative care were larger in participants with moderate engagement compared with high engagement, although a majority of participants relapsed on one or more outcome measures by 36 months. High engagers of collaborative care for co-morbid depression and diabetes may need light touch interventions for longer periods to maintain health and reduce depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Department of Clinical Trials, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Poongothai Subramani
- Department of Clinical Trials, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Radha Shankar
- Department of Clinical Trials, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Rao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Lydia Chwastiak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Clinical Trials, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gabrielsson A, Tromans S, Newman H, Triantafyllopoulou P, Hassiotis A, Bassett P, Watkins L, Sawhney I, Cooper M, Griffiths L, Pullen A, Roy A, Angus-Leppan H, Rh T, Kinney M, Tittensor P, Shankar R. Awareness of social care needs in people with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109296. [PMID: 37336133 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly a quarter of people with intellectual disability (ID) have epilepsy with large numbers experiencing drug-resistant epilepsy, and premature mortality. To mitigate epilepsy risks the environment and social care needs, particularly in professional care settings, need to be met. PURPOSE To compare professional care groups as regards their subjective confidence and perceived responsibility when managing the need of people with ID and epilepsy. METHOD A multi-agency expert panel developed a questionnaire with embedded case vignettes with quantitative and qualitative elements to understand training and confidence in the health and social determinants of people with ID and epilepsy. The cross-sectional survey was disseminated amongst health and social care professionals working with people with ID in the UK using an exponential non-discriminative snow-balling methodology. Group comparisons were undertaken using suitable statistical tests including Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney. Bonferroni correction was applied to significant (p < 0.05) results. Content analysis was conducted and relevant categories and themes were identified. RESULTS Social and health professionals (n = 54) rated their confidence to manage the needs of people with ID and epilepsy equally. Health professionals showed better awareness (p < 0.001) of the findings/recommendations of the latest evidence on premature deaths and identifying and managing epilepsy-related risks, including the relevance of nocturnal monitoring. The content analysis highlighted the need for clearer roles, improved care pathways, better epilepsy-specific knowledge, increased resources, and better multi-disciplinary work. CONCLUSIONS A gap exists between health and social care professionals in awareness of epilepsy needs for people with ID, requiring essential training and national pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gabrielsson
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Trust, Hatfield, UK
| | - S Tromans
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - H Newman
- University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | | | - L Watkins
- University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK; Swansea Bay University Health Board, Port Talbot, UK
| | - I Sawhney
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Trust, Hatfield, UK
| | - M Cooper
- National Development Team for Inclusion Bath, UK
| | - L Griffiths
- National Development Team for Inclusion Bath, UK
| | | | - A Roy
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - M Kinney
- Belfast Health and Social Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - P Tittensor
- Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - R Shankar
- University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK; Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK.
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Suvada K, Ali MK, Chwastiak L, Poongothai S, Emmert-Fees KMF, Anjana RM, Sagar R, Shankar R, Sridhar GR, Kasuri M, Sosale AR, Sosale B, Rao D, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Mohan V, Patel SA. Long-term Effects of a Collaborative Care Model on Metabolic Outcomes and Depressive Symptoms: 36-Month Outcomes from the INDEPENDENT Intervention. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:1623-1630. [PMID: 36596908 PMCID: PMC10212897 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collaborative care (CC) is a multicomponent team-based approach to providing mental health care with systematic integration into outpatient medical settings. The 12-month INDEPENDENT CC intervention improved joint disease control measures in patients with both depression and diabetes at 12 and 24 months following randomization. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the durability of intervention effects on patient outcomes at 36 months following randomization. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients with poorly controlled T2D and depression in India randomized to CC or usual care. DESIGN Post hoc analyses of between-group differences in patient outcomes at 36 months post-randomization (N = 331) and maintenance of outcomes from 12 to 36 months (N = 314). MAIN MEASURES We evaluated combined risk factor improvement since baseline, defined as ≥ 50.0% reduction in Symptom Checklist Depression Scale (SCL-20) scores along with reduction of at least 0.5 percentage point hemoglobin A1C, 5 mmHg systolic blood pressure, or 10 mg/dL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Improvements in single risk factors were also examined. KEY RESULTS There were no between-group differences in improvements since baseline in multiple or single risk factors at 36 months. Patients in the CC group with improved outcomes at 12 months were more likely to maintain a ≥ 50.0% reduction since baseline in SCL-20 scores (CC [54.9%] vs. UC [40.9%]; RR: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.56]) and 0.5 percentage point reduction since baseline in hemoglobin A1C (CC [31.9%] vs. UC [19.5%]; RR: 1.64 [95% CI: 1.11, 2.41]) at 36 months. CONCLUSIONS While improvements since baseline in patient outcomes did not differ between the collaborative care and usual care groups at 36 months, patients who received CC were more likely to maintain improvements in depressive symptoms and glucose levels at 36 months if they had achieved these improvements at the end of active intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02022111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Suvada
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lydia Chwastiak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Subramani Poongothai
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Karl M F Emmert-Fees
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Radha Shankar
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | | | - Madhu Kasuri
- Diabetes Care and Research Center, Diacon Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Aravind R Sosale
- Diabetes Care and Research Center, Diacon Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhavana Sosale
- Diabetes Care and Research Center, Diacon Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepa Rao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Shivani A Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ravichandran D, Ranjani M, Prabu Sankar G, Shankar R, Karthi M, Selvakumar S, Prabhakaran R. Coumarin-Picolinohydrazone derived Schiff base as fluorescent sensor(OFF-ON) for detection of Al3+ ion: Synthesis, Spectral and theoretical studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Genz B, Gerszon J, Pollock Y, Gleeson B, Shankar R, Sellars MJ, Moser RJ. Detection and genetic diversity of porcine rotavirus A, B and C in eastern Australian piggeries. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:153-163. [PMID: 36651680 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RV) have a high prevalence in piggeries worldwide and are one of the major pathogens causing severe diarrhoea in young pigs. RV species A, B, and C have been linked to piglet diarrhoea in Australian pig herds, but their genetic diversity has not been studied in detail. Based on sequencing of the structural viral protein 7 (VP7) RVA G genotypes G3, G4 and G5, and RVC types G1, G3, G5, and G6 have been identified in Australian piggeries in previous studies. Although occurrence of RVB was reported in Australia in 1988, no further genetic analysis has been conducted. To improve health management decisions in Australian pig herds, more information on RV prevalence and genetic diversity is needed. Here, 243 enteric samples collected from 20 pig farms within Eastern Australia were analysed for the presence of RV in different age groups using a novel PCR-based multiplex assay (Pork MultiPath™ enteric panel). RVA, RVB, and RVC were detected in 10, 14, and 14 farms, respectively. Further sequencing of VP7 in selected RV-positive samples revealed G genotypes G2, G5, G9 (RVA), G6, G8, G14, G16, G20 (RVB), and G1, G3, G5, G6 (RVC) present. RVA was only detected in young (<10 weeks old) pigs whereas RVB and RVC were also detected in older animals (>11 weeks old). Interestingly, RVB and RVC G-type occurrence differed between age groups. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on the prevalence and diversity of different RV species in pig herds of Eastern Australia whilst demonstrating the ability of the Pork MultiPath™ technology to accurately differentiate between these RV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Genz
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - J Gerszon
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Y Pollock
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Gleeson
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R Shankar
- Veterinary Services, SunPork Farms, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M J Sellars
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
| | - R J Moser
- Research and Development, Genics Pty Ltd., Level 5, St Lucia, Australia
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Watkins LV, Ashby S, Hanna J, Henley W, Laugharne R, Shankar R. An evidence-based approach to provide essential and desirable components to develop surveys on Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) for doctors: A focused review. Seizure 2023; 106:14-21. [PMID: 36706666 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major concern for people with epilepsy, their families, their care givers, and medical professionals. There is inconsistency in the SUDEP counselling doctors provide, compared to what is recommended in clinical guidelines. Numerous national and international surveys have highlighted how epilepsy professionals, usually doctors, deliver SUDEP risk counselling, particularly, when they deliver it and to whom. These surveys help understand the unmet need, develop suitable strategies, and raise awareness among clinicians with the eventual goal to reduce SUDEPs. However, there is no standardised survey or essential set of questions identified that can be used to evaluate SUDEP counselling practice globally. This focused review analyses the content of all published SUDEP counselling surveys for medical professionals (n=16) to date covering over 4000 doctors across over 30 countries and five continents. It identifies 36 question themes across three topics. The questions are then reviewed by an expert focus group of SUDEP communication experts including three doctors, an expert statistician and SUDEP Action, an UK based charity specialising in epilepsy deaths with a pre-set criterion. The review and focus group provide ten essential questions that should be included in all future surveys inquiring on SUDEP counselling. They could be used to evaluate current practice and compare findings over time, between services, across countries and between professional groups. They are provided as a template to download and use. The review also explores if there is a continued need in future for similar surveys to justify this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Watkins
- University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK; Swansea Bay University Health Board, Port Talbot, UK
| | | | - J Hanna
- University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK; Swansea Bay University Health Board, Port Talbot, UK; SUDEP Action, Wantage, UK; University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK; Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Highertown, Cornwall, UK; University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK; Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Truro, UK
| | - W Henley
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - R Laugharne
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Highertown, Cornwall, UK; University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK; Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Truro, UK
| | - R Shankar
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Highertown, Cornwall, UK; University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK; Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER), Truro, UK.
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Anitha S, Selvapriya R, Shankar R, Nalini B, Sasirekha V, Mayandi J. Evidence of charge donation through synergistic effect of bioconjugated silver nanoparticles with flavanols accomplishing augmented antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Watkins LV, Henley W, Sun JJ, Perera B, Angus-Leppan H, Sawhney I, Purandare K, Eyeoyibo M, Scheepers M, Lines G, Winterhalder R, Shankar R. Tackling increased risks in older adults with intellectual disability and epilepsy: data from a national multicentre cohort study. Seizure 2022; 101:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Sandeep K, Panicker AS, Gautam AS, Beig G, Gandhi N, S S, Shankar R, Nainwal HC. Black carbon over a high altitude Central Himalayan Glacier: Variability, transport, and radiative impacts. Environ Res 2022; 204:112017. [PMID: 34509481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient equivalent black carbon (BC) measurements spanning from June to October have been carried out over an adjoining location of Satopanth and Bhagirath-Kharak Glaciers (3858m, amsl) of Central Himalaya during the year 2019. Hourly BC varied from 12 ng m-3 to 439 ng m-3 during the entire period of observation. Monthly averaged BC values showed the highest concentration during June (230.96 ± 85.46 ng m-3) and the lowest in August (118.02 ± 71.63 ng m-3). The decrease in BC during monsoon months is attributed to limited long-range transport and rapid wet scavenging processes. Transport model studies indicate a higher retention time of tracer in Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, and adjacent polluted valley regions with increased biomass burning (BB) incidences. The high rate of BC influx during June, September, and October was attributed to transport from the polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region, wildfires, and vehicular emissions in the valley region. Higher equivalent brown carbon (BrC) influx is linked to BB, especially wood-burning, during intense forest fires at slopes of mountains. Data obtained from limited BC observations during the 2011-19 period showed no significant BC influx change during post-monsoon. The strong correlation between BC mass and BB affirms the dominant role of BB in contributing BC to the Glacier region. Increased TOA forcing induced by surface darkening and BC atmospheric radiative heating indicate an additional warming and possible changes of the natural snow cycle over the glacier depending on the characteristics and extent of debris cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sandeep
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, MoES, Govt of India, Pune, India; Savitribhai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| | - A S Panicker
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, MoES, Govt of India, Pune, India; Savitribhai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - G Beig
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, MoES, Govt of India, Pune, India
| | - Naveen Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, MoES, Govt of India, Pune, India
| | - Sanjeev S
- H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - R Shankar
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - H C Nainwal
- H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Kathirgamanathan T, Shankar R. Management of epidural catheter breakage. Int J Obstet Anesth 2022; 50:103265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Suresh R, Anithaa VS, Shankar R, Subramaniam V. A first principle study of heme molecule as an active adsorbent for halogenated hydrocarbons. J Mol Model 2021; 27:209. [PMID: 34173064 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heme, a biomolecule with complex structure and unique properties and strong adsorption of oxygen, is utilized as an adsorbing material for haloalkene gas molecules. It has been systematically investigated employing density functional theory. Among the haloalkene gases chosen in the present study, the interaction energy is maximum for CDFM (-10.66 kcal/mol) and lowest for TFM (-5.02 kcal/mol). The calculated bond stabilization energy for heme-haloalkene complexes correlates with findings of interaction energy. The noncovalent interaction between heme and haloalkenes is confirmed from the topological analysis. The energy gap values decrease on adsorption of haloalkenes along with a decrease in reactivity of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - V S Anithaa
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Ravichandran D, Akilan R, Vinnarasi S, Shankar R, Khadheer Pasha SK, Manickam S. Tuning the reactivity of tri-s-triazine, trinitro-tri-s-triazine and ternary tri-s-triazine graphitic C 3N 4 quantum dots through H-functionalized and B-doped complexes: A density functional study. Chemosphere 2021; 272:129901. [PMID: 33607492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modifying the structures and doping are proven to be effective methods to tune the structural and electrical properties of g-C3N4 quantum dots. Hence, in this study, tri-s-triazine and tri-nitro tri-s-triazine have been studied by functionalizing their edges with hydrogen. The H-functionalized tri-nitro tri-s-triazine quantum dot displays a buckled structure with a band gap of 1.988 eV, whereas the tri-s-triazine demonstrates a planner structure with a band gap of 1.636 eV. The obtained results have been compared with the previous results. The absorbance spectrum of H-functionalized trinitro tri-s-triazine falls under the visible region with a peak value of 488 nm, and the absorption spectrum of tri-s-triazine falls at 790 nm. The planarity of the tri-nitro tri-s-triazine structure is improved by doping the B atom in the N site, and the band gap of H-functionalized B doped tri-nitro tri-s-triazine is 1.143 eV. The absorbance spectrum of H-functionalized B doped tri-nitro tri-s-triazine is 508 nm. The reactivity of the structure is increased by doping B atoms, and it is confirmed by the electrophilicity index. Similarly, the H-functionalized B doped tri-s-triazine exhibits a band gap of 1.328 eV. Further, the tri-s-triazine structures are arranged in ternary form, and the properties are studied by increasing the number of B atoms in the tri-s-triazine rings. The outcome presents that the structures are planar, and band gap values are reduced further. Also, the reactivity of the sheets is increased, which is confirmed by the electrophilicity index. It is proposed that the sheets with a high reactivity can be used for the removal of hazardous ions and molecules from the industrial wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ravichandran
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Akilan
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vinnarasi
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S K Khadheer Pasha
- Department of Physics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Amaravathi campus, Amaravati, 522501, Guntur, Andra Pradesh, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Sundari B, Poongothai S, Anjana R, Rao D, Tandon N, Sridhar G, Sosale A, Shankar R, Sagar R, Ali M, Mohan V, Chwastiak L. Perspectives from training the care coordinators—A new cadre to support team-based diabetes and depression care in India: INDEPENDENT study. J Diabetol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_56_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Ali MK, Chwastiak L, Poongothai S, Emmert-Fees KMF, Patel SA, Anjana RM, Sagar R, Shankar R, Sridhar GR, Kosuri M, Sosale AR, Sosale B, Rao D, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Mohan V. Effect of a Collaborative Care Model on Depressive Symptoms and Glycated Hemoglobin, Blood Pressure, and Serum Cholesterol Among Patients With Depression and Diabetes in India: The INDEPENDENT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020; 324:651-662. [PMID: 32809002 PMCID: PMC7435347 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.11747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mental health comorbidities are increasing worldwide and worsen outcomes for people with diabetes, especially when care is fragmented. OBJECTIVE To assess whether collaborative care vs usual care lowers depressive symptoms and improves cardiometabolic indices among adults with diabetes and depression. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Parallel, open-label, pragmatic randomized clinical trial conducted at 4 socioeconomically diverse clinics in India that recruited patients with type 2 diabetes; a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score of at least 10 (range, 0-27); and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of at least 8%, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of at least 140 mm Hg, or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of at least 130 mg/dL. The first patient was enrolled on March 9, 2015, and the last was enrolled on May 31, 2016; the final follow-up visit was July 14, 2018. INTERVENTIONS Patients randomized to the intervention group (n = 196) received 12 months of self-management support from nonphysician care coordinators, decision support electronic health records facilitating physician treatment adjustments, and specialist case reviews; they were followed up for an additional 12 months without intervention. Patients in the control group (n = 208) received usual care over 24 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the percentage of patients at 24 months who had at least a 50% reduction in Symptom Checklist Depression Scale (SCL-20) scores (range, 0-4; higher scores indicate worse symptoms) and a reduction of at least 0.5 percentage points in HbA1c, 5 mm Hg in SBP, or 10 mg/dL in LDL cholesterol. Prespecified secondary outcomes were percentage of patients at 12 and 24 months who met treatment targets (HbA1c <7.0%, SBP <130 mm Hg, LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL [<70 mg/dL if prior cardiovascular disease]) or had improvements in individual outcomes (≥50% reduction in SCL-20 score, ≥0.5-percentage point reduction in HbA1c, ≥5-mm Hg reduction in SBP, ≥10-mg/dL reduction in LDL cholesterol); percentage of patients who met all HbA1c, SBP, and LDL cholesterol targets; and mean reductions in SCL-20 score, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, HbA1c, SBP, and LDL cholesterol. RESULTS Among 404 patients randomized (mean [SD] age, 53 [8.6] years; 165 [40.8%] men), 378 (93.5%) completed the trial. A significantly greater percentage of patients in the intervention group vs the usual care group met the primary outcome (71.6% vs 57.4%; risk difference, 16.9% [95% CI, 8.5%-25.2%]). Of 16 prespecified secondary outcomes, there were no statistically significant between-group differences in improvements in 10 outcomes at 12 months and in 13 outcomes at 24 months. Serious adverse events in the intervention and usual care groups included cardiovascular events or hospitalizations (4 [2.0%] vs 7 [3.4%]), stroke (0 vs 3 [1.4%]), death (2 [1.0%] vs 7 [3.4%]), and severe hypoglycemia (8 [4.1%] vs 0). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with diabetes and depression in India, a 12-month collaborative care intervention, compared with usual care, resulted in statistically significant improvements in a composite measure of depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic indices at 24 months. Further research is needed to understand the generalizability of the findings to other low- and middle-income health care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02022111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K. Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lydia Chwastiak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Karl M. F. Emmert-Fees
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Shivani A. Patel
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Madhu Kosuri
- Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Aravind R. Sosale
- Diacon Hospital, Diabetes Care and Research Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhavana Sosale
- Diacon Hospital, Diabetes Care and Research Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepa Rao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Kinney MO, Chester V, Tromans S, Alexander RT, Angus-Leppan H, Bagary M, Cock H, Devapriam J, Hassiotis A, Mula M, Reuber M, Ring H, Roy A, Scheepers M, Shankar R. Epilepsy, anti-seizure medication, intellectual disability and challenging behaviour - Everyone's business, no one's priority. Seizure 2020; 81:111-116. [PMID: 32777744 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE People with Intellectual Disability (ID) and epilepsy are more likely to experience psychiatric conditions, challenging behaviour (CB), treatment resistance and adverse effects of anti-seizure medications (ASM) than those without. This population receives care from various professionals, depending on local care pathways. This study evaluates the training status, confidence, reported assessment and management practices of different professional groups involved in caring for people with ID, epilepsy and CB. METHODS A cross sectional survey using a questionnaire developed by expert consensus which measured self-reported training status, confidence, and approaches to assessment and management of CB in people with ID and epilepsy was distributed to practitioners involved in epilepsy and/or ID. RESULTS Of the 83 respondents, the majority had either a psychiatry/ID (n = 39), or Neurology/epileptology background (n = 31). Psychiatry/ID and Neurology/epileptology had similar confidence in assessing CB in ID-epilepsy cases, but Psychiatry/ID exhibited higher self-rated confidence in the management of these cases. While assessing and managing CB, Psychiatry/ID appeared more likely to consider mental health aspects, while Neurology/epileptology typically focused on ASM. CONCLUSION Psychiatry/ID and Neurology/epileptology professionals had varying training levels in epilepsy, ID and CB, had differing confidence levels in managing this patient population, and considered different factors when approaching assessment and management. As such, training opportunities in ID should be offered to neurology professionals, and vice versa. Based on the findings, a best practice checklist is presented, which aims to provide clinicians with a structured framework to consider causal explanations for CB in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Kinney
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - V Chester
- Department of Psychiatry, Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - S Tromans
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Intellectual Disability, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Agnes Unit, Anstey Lane, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - R T Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - H Angus-Leppan
- Epilepsy Initiative Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Bagary
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - H Cock
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; Atkinson Morley Regional Epilepsy Network, St Georges Epilepsy Group, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Devapriam
- Worcestershire Health & Care NHS Trust, 2 Kings Court, Charles Hastings Way, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - A Hassiotis
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom; Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Way, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Mula
- St George's University Hospital, St George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - M Reuber
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - H Ring
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Roy
- Department of Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - M Scheepers
- Gloucestershire Health & Care NHS Foundation Trust, Leckhamptom Lodge, Charlton Lane, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - R Shankar
- Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Truro, United Kingdom; Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chy Govenek, Truro, United Kingdom.
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Saravanakumar T, Selvaraju T, Bhojanaa KB, Ramesh M, Pandikumar A, Akilan R, Shankar R, Sardhar Basha SJ. Exploring the synergistic effect of Ni xSn 2xS 4x thiospinel with MWCNTs for enhanced performance in dye-sensitized solar cells, the hydrogen evolution reaction, and supercapacitors. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5336-5351. [PMID: 32253409 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trifunctional nickel tin sulfide (NixSn2xS4x) with a thiospinel-like structure composited with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (M-NixSn2xS4x) was synthesized by a facile method. The unit cell arrangement of the prepared composite was studied by density functional theory, and the theoretical interpretation satisfactorily inferred the presence of a synergistic effect between the thiospinel and MWCNTs. The high metallic conductivity and superior electrocatalytic activity of the M-NixSn2xS4x composite endow it with diverse applications. The composite shows promise as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (efficiency of 4.67% for fluorine-doped indium tin oxide compared to 5.23% for platinum); an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction with good cycling stability and a low overpotential of -41 mV at a cathode current density of 10 mA cm2 and a Tafel slope of 43 mV dec-1 on a graphite sheet electrode; and an impressive capacitance material on a graphite sheet electrode alternative to expensive current collectors such as Ni foam, with a specific capacitance value of 1200 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and a long life span of 92.6% that is retained for up to 15 000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saravanakumar
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore-641046, India
| | - T Selvaraju
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India.
| | - K B Bhojanaa
- Electro Organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003 & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Electro Organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003 & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - A Pandikumar
- Electro Organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003 & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - R Akilan
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India
| | - S J Sardhar Basha
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore-641046, India
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Kalra S, Dey SK, Shankar R, Kanitkar M. Antibiotic Prophylaxis for VCUG: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:238. [PMID: 31916013 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-03166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suprita Kalra
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology, Command Hospital (SC), AFMC, Pune, India.
| | - S K Dey
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Command Hospital (SC), AFMC, Pune, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Command Hospital (SC), AFMC, Pune, India
| | - Madhuri Kanitkar
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology, Command Hospital (SC), AFMC, Pune, India
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Suresh R, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S. Ab initio studies of adsorption of Haloarenes on Heme group. J Mol Model 2019; 26:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - S. Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Kannan S, Shankar R, Kolandaivel P. Insights into structural and inhibitory mechanisms of low pH-induced conformational change of influenza HA2 protein: a computational approach. J Mol Model 2019; 25:99. [PMID: 30904969 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Though oseltamivir and zanamivir are the active anti-influenza drugs, the emergence of different strains of influenza A virus with mutations creates drug-resistance to these drugs. Therefore, it is essential to find a suitable approach to stop the viral infection. The present study focuses on understanding the conformational changes of the HA2 protein at different pH levels (pH 7, pH 6, pH 5) and on blocking the low pH-induced conformational changes of the HA2 protein with a suitable ligand using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. As the pH value decreases to pH 5, the protein undergoes large conformational changes with less stability in the order of pH 7 > pH 6 > pH 5. The fusion peptide (residues 1-20) and the extended loop (residues 58-75) deviate more at pH 5. The ligand stachyflin bound between the N- and C-terminal helix regions retains the stability of the HA2 protein at pH 5 and blocks the low pH-induced conformational transition. The performance of stachyflin is increased when it directly interacts with residues at the intramonomer binding site rather than the intermonomer binding site. The susceptibility of the HA2 protein of different subtypes to stachyflin is in the order of H1 > H7 > H5 > H2 > H3. Stachflin has a higher binding affinity for H1 (at pH 7, pH 6, pH 5) and H7 subtypes than others. Lys47, Lys58, and Glu103 are the key residues that favor the binding and highly stabilize the HA2 protein at low pH. Graphical abstract Low pH-induced conformational change of influenza HA2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kannan
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - P Kolandaivel
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India. .,Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India.
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Vinnarasi S, Radhika R, Vijayakumar S, Shankar R. Structural insights into the anti-cancer activity of quercetin on G-tetrad, mixed G-tetrad, and G-quadruplex DNA using quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:317-339. [PMID: 30794082 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1574239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase referred as 'terminal transferase' is a nucleoprotein enzyme which inhibits the disintegration of telomere length and act as a drug target for the anticancer therapy. The tandem repeating structure of telomere sequence forms the guanine-rich quadruplex structures that stabilize stacked tetrads. In our present work, we have investigated the interaction of quercetin with DNA tetrads using DFT. Geometrical analysis revealed that the influence of quercetin drug induces the structural changes into the DNA tetrads. Among DNA tetrads, the quercetin stacked with GCGC tetrad has the highest interaction energy of -88.08 kcal/mol. The binding mode and the structural stability are verified by the absorption spectroscopy method. The longer wavelength was found at 380 nm and it exhibits bathochromic shift. The findings help us to understand the binding nature of quercetin drug with DNA tetrads and it also inhibits the telomerase activity. Further, the quercetin drug interacted with G-quadruplex DNA by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies for 100 ns simulation at different temperatures and different pH levels (T = 298 K, 320 K and pH = 7.4, 5.4). The structural stability of the quercetin with G-quadruplex structure is confirmed by RMSD. For the acidic condition (pH = 5.4), the binding affinity is higher toward G-quadruplex DNA, this result resembles that the quercetin drug is well interacted with G-quadruplex DNA at acidic condition (pH = 7.4) than the neutral condition. The obtained results show that quercetin drug stabilizes the G-quadruplex DNA, which regulates telomerase enzyme and it potentially acts as a novel anti-cancer agent.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vinnarasi
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Radhika
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pitchumani Violet Mary C, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S. Theoretical insights into the metal chelating and antimicrobial properties of the chalcone based Schiff bases. Molecular Simulation 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1573370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - S. Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Balakrishnan A, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S. Reduced bond length alternation and helical molecular orbitals in donor and acceptor substituted linear carbon chains. J Theor Comput Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633618500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing chain length and end group substitution of polyynes play a crucial role in molecular electronics and nanomaterials. The studies on linear carbon chains are lesser when compared to other carbon allotropes like graphene, fullerenes, nanotube, etc. This prompted us to study the linear carbon chains of different lengths and substitutions. The electronic and optical properties of X–C[Formula: see text]–X ([Formula: see text]–15 and [Formula: see text], NH2, CN, OH) molecules have been studied by using CAM-B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory of DFT methods. Linear carbon chains with odd values of n show lower bond length alternation (BLA) values similar to that of cumulenes and may have metallic property, but the substitution of donor/acceptor molecules does not decrease the BLA significantly. Molecular orbital analysis of linear carbon chains shows that NH2 or NO2 substituted polyynes have helical molecular orbitals for smaller chain lengths which may make a good candidate for molecular wires in molecular devices. As the chain length increases, the helicity decreases and finally disappears. Also, it is seen that for smaller odd values of [Formula: see text] for donor, substituted polyynes have a singlet ground, whereas all the odd [Formula: see text] values of acceptor substitution have triplet ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - S. Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
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Saranya V, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S. Structural exploration of viral matrix protein 40 interaction with the transition metal ions (Ag+ and Cu2+). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2875-2896. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1498803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Saranya
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - R. Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - S. Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Gopalakrishnan S, Vijayakumar S, Shankar R. DFT/TD-DFT study on halogen doping and solvent contributions to the structural and optoelectronic properties of poly[3,6-carbazole] and poly[indolo(3,2-b)-carbazole]. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sharma N, Kushwaha M, Arora D, Jain S, Singamaneni V, Sharma S, Shankar R, Bhushan S, Gupta P, Jaglan S. New cytochalasin from Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana, an endophytic fungus of Albizia lebbeck. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:111-120. [PMID: 29573314 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the potential of Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana an endophytic fungus associated with Albizia lebbeck for pharmaceutically important cytotoxic compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS One novel cytochalasin, named jammosporin A (1) and four known analogues (2-5) were isolated from the culture of the endophytic fungus R. sanctae-cruciana, harboured from the leaves of the medicinal plant A. lebbeck. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data along with MS data and by comparison with literature reports. In preliminary screening the ethyl acetate extract of the fungal culture was tested for cytotoxic activity against a panel of four cancer cell lines (MOLT-4, A549, MIA PaCa-2 and MDA-MB-231), and found to be active against MOLT-4 with an IC50 value of 10 μg ml-1 . Owing to the remarkable cytotoxic activity of the extract the isolated compounds (1-5) were evaluated for their cytototoxicity against the MOLT-4 cell line by MTT assay. Interestingly, compounds 1-2, 4 and 5 showed considerable cytotoxic potential against the human leukaemia cancer cell line (MOLT-4) with IC50 values of 20·0, 10·0, 8·0 and 6·0 μmol l-1 , respectively, while compound 3 showed an IC50 value of 25 μmol l-1 . This is the first report of the existence of this class of secondary metabolites in R. sanctae-cruciana fungus. CONCLUSION This study discovered a novel compound, named jammosporin A, isolated for the first time from R. sanctae-cruciana, an endophytic fungus of A. lebbeck with anticancer activity against the MOLT-4 cell line. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Rosellinia sanctae-cruciana represents an interesting source of a new compound with bioactive potential as a therapeutic agent against a human leukaemia cancer cell line (MOLT-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharma
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu, India
| | - M Kushwaha
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - D Arora
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu, India
| | - S Jain
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - V Singamaneni
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - R Shankar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Bhushan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, India
| | - P Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu, India.,Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Jaglan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu, India
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Shankar R, Henley W, Boland C, Laugharne R, McLean BN, Newman C, Hanna J, Ashby S, Walker MC, Sander JW. Decreasing the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: structured communication of risk factors for premature mortality in people with epilepsy. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:1121-1127. [PMID: 29611888 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Good practice guidelines highlight the importance of making people with epilepsy aware of the risk of premature mortality in epilepsy particularly due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The SUDEP and Seizure Safety Checklist ('Checklist') is a structured risk communication tool used in UK clinics. It is not known if sharing structured information on risk factors allows individuals to reduce SUDEP and premature mortality risks. The aim of this study was to ascertain if the introduction of the Checklist in epilepsy clinics led to individual risk reduction. METHODS The Checklist was administered to 130 consecutive people with epilepsy attending a specialized epilepsy neurology clinic and 129 attending an epilepsy intellectual disability (ID) clinic within a 4-month period. At baseline, no attendees at the neurology clinic had received formal risk advice, whereas all those attending the ID clinic had received formal risk advice on multiple occasions for 6 years. The Checklist was readministered 1 year later to each group and scores were compared with baseline and between groups. RESULTS Of 12 risk factors considered, there was an overall reduction in mean risk score for the general (P = 0.0049) but not for the ID (P = 0.322) population. Subanalysis of the 25% of people at most risk in both populations showed that both sets had a significant reduction in risk scores (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Structured discussion results in behavioural change that reduces individual risk factors. This impact seems to be higher in those who are at current higher risk. It is important that clinicians share risk information with individuals as a matter of public health and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shankar
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK.,Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | - W Henley
- Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | - C Boland
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
| | - R Laugharne
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, UK.,Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | | | - C Newman
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | - M C Walker
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J W Sander
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
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Mishra A, Negi BDS, Banerjee A, Nainwal HC, Shankar R. Estimation of Ice Thickness of the Satopanth Glacier, Central Himalaya Using Ground Penetrating Radar. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i04/785-791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Madhubabu M, Shankar R, Krishna T, Kumar YS, Chiranjeevi Y, Muralikrishna C, Mohan HR, More SS, Rao MB, Akula R. A convergent approach towards the synthesis of the 2-alkyl-substituted tetrahydroquinoline alkaloid (−)-cuspareine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Anithaa VS, Vijayakumar S, Sudha M, Shankar R. Theoretical investigation on hydrogen bond interaction of diketo/keto-enol form uracil and thymine tautomers with intercalators. J Mol Model 2017; 23:333. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mary CPV, Vijayakumar S, Shankar R. Metal chelating ability and antioxidant properties of Curcumin-metal complexes - A DFT approach. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 79:1-14. [PMID: 29127853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a well-documented phytochemical compound used to treat various diseases because of its more tolerability in the human body and has no side effects. The present study describes the metal chelating ability of Curcumin for Mn2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ metal ions and their antioxidant properties using density functional theory in both gas and DMSO solvent phases. Results reveal that the carbonyl group at diketo moiety is destabilized due to the metal ion coordination. The interaction energies reveal that CurEN-Zn2+ are the most stable rather than the CurEN-Mn2+ and CurEN-Fe2+ complexes. The AIM analysis confirms that the interaction between the metal ions and Curcumin are to be electrostatic dominant. The HOMO-LUMO orbital analysis shows that the charge transfer interaction is dominant for CurEN-Mn2+ and CurEN-Fe2+ complexes. The DMSO solvent interactions decrease the stability of the CurEN-M2+ cation complexes. The antioxidant mechanism is more reactive for metal complexes than the isolated Curcumin. Since Curcumin possess both metal chelating and antioxidant properties, it can be used in chelation therapy for the cure of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
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Kaur T, Krishnaprasad S, Shankar R, Kumar R, Gowrishankar S, Padua MD. Plasma Cell Infiltration of the Kidney as a Manifestation of Myeloma: A Report of Three Cases. Indian J Nephrol 2017; 27:395-398. [PMID: 28904438 PMCID: PMC5590419 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_215_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of renal parenchyma by neoplastic plasma cells in myeloma patients is an unusual finding. We report 3 cases of myeloma, with renal biopsy being the first clue to the diagnosis in one. The plasma cell infiltrate in other two cases was not so evident but immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for light chains helped establish the monoclonal nature of the infiltrate. We surmise that plasma cell infiltration in the kidney can be an important clue to the diagnosis of an underlying myeloma and could in future be regarded as a myeloma-defining event (MDE) if monoclonality is confirmed. This finding could directly affect the prognosis and be a direct indicator of the tumor burden. Further studies are however required to determine the exact prognostic value and precise relationship of such a finding with deranged renal functions in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kaur
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Krishnaprasad
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Nephrology, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Omni Hospitals, Budhawar Peta, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Gowrishankar
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M D Padua
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Radhika R, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S, Kolandaivel P. Role of 6-Mercaptopurine in the potential therapeutic targets DNA base pairs and G-quadruplex DNA: insights from quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1369-1401. [PMID: 28436311 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1323013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical studies on DNA with the anticancer drug 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) are investigated using theoretical methods to shed light on drug designing. Among the DNA base pairs considered, 6-MP is stacked with GC with the highest interaction energy of -46.19 kcal/mol. Structural parameters revealed that structure of the DNA base pairs is deviated from the planarity of the equilibrium position due to the formation of hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions with 6-MP. These deviations are verified through the systematic comparison between X-H bond contraction and elongation and the associated blue shift and red shift values by both NBO analysis and vibrational analysis. Bent's rule is verified for the C-H bond contraction in the 6-MP interacted base pairs. The AIM results disclose that the higher values of electron density (ρ) and Laplacian of electron density (∇2ρ) indicate the increased overlap between the orbitals that represent the strong interaction and positive values of the total electron density show the closed-shell interaction. The relative sensitivity of the chemical shift values for the DNA base pairs with 6-MP is investigated to confirm the hydrogen bond strength. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of G-quadruplex DNA d(TGGGGT)4 with 6-MP revealed that the incorporation of 6-MP appears to cause local distortions and destabilize the G-quadruplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radhika
- a Department of Physics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India
| | - R Shankar
- a Department of Physics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India
| | - S Vijayakumar
- b Department of Medical Physics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India
| | - P Kolandaivel
- a Department of Physics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , India
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Shankar R, Ram S. An evidenced based checklist to support anti-dementia medication withdrawal in people with down syndrome (DS), intellectual disability (Id) and dementia. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DS with aging is associated with greatly increased risk of developing dementia similar to Alzheimer's. Anti-dementia drug discontinuation is recommended when clinical benefit is not determined. In DS it is more complex as medication ill effects of stopping needs to be weighed in balance to extraneous processes such as environment changes, sensory impediments and physical ill health and natural progression of dementia.AimCan identified risk factors extracted from a comprehensive literature review be developed into an evidence based check list to support risk minimized person centered withdrawal of anti-dementia drugs when considered not to be efficacious in DS?MethodA detailed literature review using Medline, PsychInfo, Cinahl and Embase with relevant search terms in various permutations and combinations without any date limit enquiring current evidence base on anti-dementia medication withdrawal was conducted. The review also looked to extract the common risk factors in stopping medication. All risk factors were collated, reviewed by a focus group of experts, developed into a checklist.ResultsThirty abstracts were obtained following the search. Six papers were short-listed. No papers identified a structured approach to medication reduction. An 18-factor checklist was applied prospectively to 30 cases. The checklist was sensitive to identify change to guide clinical decision-making.ConclusionsCurrently, decision to peg medication withdrawal risk is arbitrary and clinical in dementia especially in DS dementia. The evidenced based developed checklist is useful to support and structure clinical decisions. It helps clinicians and patients to focus on promoting safety, reduce harm and guide treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Shankar R, Wilkinson E, Roberts S, Rebecca O. Zero suicide southwest UK initiative – Steps to mitigate suicide risk in local populations using quality improvement methodology and a whole life approach. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOnly 25% of people who die by suicide see mental health services. Suicide is not just a health issue. Its causation and consequences lie within all of society. Many erroneously believe that suicide is inevitable and not preventable, because its causation is too complex. Underlying associations with suicide are largely social. There are programmes in the USA, which have combined interventions to reduce suicides. The 2014 UK suicide rate per 100,000 was 10.8 but 11.1 in South West (SW) England (pop: 5 million). A whole system approach is necessary. Zero Suicides SW is a project to address this.Aim(1) To develop a regional strategy to reduce and prevent suicide. (2) To make whole populations suicide risk aware. (3) Reduce regional suicide rates.MethodA collaborative involving national and local 60 organisations including charities and voluntary sector was formed. Five collaborative meetings used narratives of suicide survivors, national experts led themed workshops, etc. to come up with a regional strategy. Quality Improvement (QI) Methodology was used to develop and examine the success of all projects.OutputsInitiatives such as using local radio stations for mental health promotion, collaboration via a poster campaign with local breweries and pubs to make men more self-aware of risk, suicide risk counselling for relatives/carers of patients admitted to psychiatric care, improving scrutiny to access to medication for recently discharged psychiatric patients have developed from the project. The QI model demonstrated how localised changes at person and organisation level could combine and have a powerful role in suicide prevention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Shankar R, Quick C, Dawson J, Annal P. A Simple Composite Dynamic Digital Tool to Communicate Complex Physical and Mental Health needs and Measure Outcomes: The Cornwall Health Radar. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionClinician-patient communication is a major factor in influencing outcomes of healthcare. Complexity increases if an individual has multiple health needs requiring support of different clinicians or agencies.AimTo develop and evidence a simple dynamic computerised tool to capture and communicate outcomes of intervention or alteration in clinical need in patients with multiple chronic health needs.MethodA MS Excel algorithm was designed for swift capture of clinical information discussed in an appointment using pre-designed set of evidenced based domains. An instant personalized single screen visual is produced to facilitate information sharing and decision-making. The display is responsive to compare changes across time. A prototype was conceptually tested in an epilepsy clinic for people with Intellectual disability (ID) due to the unique challenges posed in this population.ResultsEvidence across 300 patients with ID and epilepsy showed the tool works by enhancing reflective communication, compliance and therapeutic relationship. Medication and appointment compliance was 95% and patient satisfaction over 90%.ConclusionTo discuss all influencing health factors in a consultation is a communication challenge esp. if the patient has multiple health needs. A picture equals 1000 words and helps address the cognitive complexity of verbal information. The radar offers an evidenced based common framework to host care plans of different health conditions. It provides individualised easy view person centred care plans to allow patients to gain insight on how the different conditions impact on their overall well being and be active participants. The tool will be practically demonstrated.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Anithaa VS, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S. Adsorption of Mn atom on pristine and defected graphene: a density functional theory study. J Mol Model 2017; 23:132. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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R.W. Beck, Laugharne J, Laugharne R, Woldman W, McLean B, Mastropasqua C, Jorge R, Shankar R. Abnormal cortical asymmetry as a target for neuromodulation in neuropsychiatric disorders: A conceptual proposal. Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Elakiya C, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S, Kolandaivel P. A theoretical study on the reaction mechanism and kinetics of allyl alcohol (CH2 = CHCH2OH) with ozone (O3) in the atmosphere. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1292012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Elakiya
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - R. Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - S. Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - P. Kolandaivel
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Pitchumani Violet Mary C, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S. Theoretical studies on the interaction between the nitrile-based inhibitors and the catalytic triad of Cathepsin K. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:634-655. [PMID: 28150528 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1289863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on the interaction of novel inhibitor compounds with the Cathepsin K protease have been performed to study the inhibition properties of the inhibitor compounds. The quantum chemical calculations have been performed to analyze the molecular geometries, structural stability, reactivity, nature of interaction, and the charge transfer properties using B3LYP level of theory by implementing 6-311g(d,p) basis set. The calculated C-S and N-H…N bond lengths of the inhibitor-triad complexes are found to agree well with the previous literature results. The chemical reactivity of the inhibitors and catalytic triad are analyzed through frontier molecular orbital analysis and found that the inhibitors are subjected to nucleophilic attack by the catalytic triad. The nature of inhibition of the inhibitor compounds is examined using the quantum theory of Atoms in Molecules analysis and found to be partially covalent. The NBO stabilization energy for the Cys - inhibitor are found to be most stable than the other interactions. The molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the influence of dynamic of the active site on the QM results. The many body decomposition interaction energy calculated for the final results of MD simulation reveals that the dynamic of the active site induces significant changes in the interaction energy and occupancy of H-bonds plays a major role in the stabilizing the active site inhibitor interactions. The present study reveals that the inhibitor compounds can inhibit the proteolytic activity of the proteases on binding with the catalytic active site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Shankar
- a Department of Physics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore 641 046 , India
| | - S Vijayakumar
- b Department of Medical Physics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore 641 046 , India
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Naveen P, Jain R, Kalaivani P, Shankar R, Dallemer F, Prabhakaran R. Unpredicted formation of copper(ii) complexes containing 2-thiophen-2-yl-1-thiophen-2-ylmethyl-1H-benzoimidazole and their most promising in vitro cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines over cisplatin. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01273j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An in situ reaction of CuCl2·2H2O, o-phenylenediamine, thiophene-2-carbaldehyde and sodium azide in methanol afforded complex 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Naveen
- Department of Chemistry
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore 641 046
- India
| | - Ruchi Jain
- Department of Molecular Reproduction
- Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - P. Kalaivani
- Department of Chemistry
- Nirmala College for Women
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore-641 018
- India
| | - R. Shankar
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore-641046
- India
| | - F. Dallemer
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence-CNRS
- UMR7246
- Université of Aix-Marseille
- Campus Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme
- F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20
| | - R. Prabhakaran
- Department of Chemistry
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore 641 046
- India
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Padua MD, Kaur T, Krishnaprasad S, Shankar R, Kumar R, Gowrishankar S. Plasma cell infiltration of the kidney as a manifestation of myeloma: A report of three cases. Indian J Nephrol 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.202834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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49
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Lohaus T, Herkenhoff N, Shankar R, Wessling M. Strömungsprofil von überlagerter Permeation und Rayleigh-Bénard-Konvektion. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Pitchumani Violet Mary C, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S, Kolandaivel P. Interaction studies of human prion protein (HuPrP109–111: methionine-lysine-histidine) tripeptide model with transition metal cations. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 69:111-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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