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Haron DEM, Yoneda M, Hod R, Ramli MR, Aziz MY. Assessment of 18 endocrine disrupting chemicals in tap water samples from Klang Valley, Malaysia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:111062-111075. [PMID: 37801249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiclass of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as nine perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), five bisphenols, and four parabens were analysed in tap water samples from Malaysia's Klang Valley region. All samples were analysed using liquid chromatography mass tandem spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged between 0.015 and 5 ng/mL. Fifteen of the 18 EDCs were tested positive in tap water samples, with total EDC concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 5516 ng/L for all 61 sampling point locations. In a specific area of the Klang Valley, the total concentration of EDCs was found to be highest in Hulu Langat, followed by Sepang, Putrajaya, Petaling, Kuala Lumpur, Seremban, and Gombak/Klang. PFAS and paraben were the most found EDCs in all tap water samples. Meanwhile, ethyl paraben (EtP) exhibited the highest detection rate, with 90.2% of all locations showing its presence. Over 60% of the regions showed the presence of perfluoro-n-butanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHXA), perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (PFOS), whereas the frequency of detection for other compounds was less than 40%. The spatial distribution and mean concentrations of EDCs in the Klang Valley regions revealed that Hulu Langat, Petaling Jaya, and Putrajaya exhibited higher levels of bisphenol A (BPA). On the other hand, Kuala Lumpur and Sepang displayed the highest mean concentrations of PFBA. In the worst scenario, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and risk quotient of some EDCs in this study exceeded the acceptable daily limits recommended by international standards, particularly for BPA, PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA, where the risk quotient (RQ) was found to be greater than 1, indicating a high risk to human health. The increasing presence of EDCs in tap water is undoubtedly a cause for concern as these substances can have adverse health consequences. This highlights the necessity for a standardised approach to evaluating EDC exposure and its direct impact on human populations' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didi Erwandi Mohamad Haron
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Centre of Research Service, Institute of Research Management and Services, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research and Renovation), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rafidah Hod
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Redzuan Ramli
- Department of Environmental Management, Ministry of Environmental and Water, 62000, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Satar SNA, Mogan S, Jaafar WPN, Maghalingam S, Affendi FAR, Ng CF, Khoo CS, Chee YC, Hod R, Tan HJ. Characteristics of electroencephalogram changes and correlation with seizures in hospitalised patients. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:149-154. [PMID: 36988523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an important investigational tool that is widely used in the hospital settings for numerous indications. The aim was to determine factors associated with abnormal EEG and its clinical correlations in hospitalised patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with at least one EEG recording were recruited. The EEG and clinical data were collated. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty patients underwent EEG and 154 (61.6%) were found to have abnormal EEG. The abnormal changes consist of theta activity (79,31.6%), delta activity (20, 8%), focal discharges (41,16.4%) and generalised discharges (14, 5.6%). Older patients had 3.481 higher risk for EEG abnormalities, p=0.001. Patients who had focal seizures had 2.240 higher risk of having EEG abnormalities, p<0.001. Low protein level was a risk for EEG abnormalities, p=0.003. CONCLUSION This study emphasised that an abnormal EEG remains a useful tool in determining the likelihood for seizures in a hospital setting. The risk factors for EEG abnormality in hospitalised patients were age, focal seizures and low protein level. The EEG may have an important role as part of the workup in hospitalised patients to aid the clinician to tailor their management in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N A Satar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Mogan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W P N Jaafar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Maghalingam
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F A R Affendi
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C F Ng
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C S Khoo
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y C Chee
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Kota Bahru, Malaysia
| | - R Hod
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H J Tan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Maifata S, Hod R, Ghani FA, Zakaria F. Prevalence and Pattern of Glomerulonephritis: An Experience of Two Tertiary Centers in Malaysia. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2023; 34:167-177. [PMID: 38146727 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.391896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of glomerulonephritis (GN), especially membranous GN (MGN), changes from time to time. This change may be due to genetic predisposition, environmental factors race, age, and indications for a renal biopsy. This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution and changing patterns of GN by further assessing the prevalence of MGN. A 1000, 123 biopsies were performed from January 2012 to October 2019 in Hospital Serdang and Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and clinical presentations were used to differentiate primary and secondary MGN, from which 611 and 457 primary and secondary subjects were diagnosed with primary and secondary GN, respectively. Primary MGN accounts for 13% of all the primary GN, while lupus nephritis (LN) accounts for 44.2% of all secondary GN followed by diabetes mellitus (25.6%). The proportions of primary and secondary MGN were 64.8% and 35.2%, respectively, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1 in favor of females. The renal biopsy obtained from the registry of two prominent hospitals in Malaysia provided valuable prevalence and demonstrated changes in the prevalence of GN in Malaysia. Notwithstanding, immunoglobulin A nephropathy and LN remain the most common causes of primary and secondary GN in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafidah Hod
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauzah Abd Ghani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fadhlina Zakaria
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
Smoking and obesity are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. E-cigarette which was first introduced in 2000s is perceived as an effective alternative to conventional tobacco smoking. Limited knowledge is available regarding the risks and benefits of e-cigarettes. This study systematically reviews the current literature on the effects of e-cigarettes on body weight changes and adipocytes. The search was performed using OVID Medline and Scopus databases and studies meeting the inclusion criteria were independently assessed. This review included all English language, empirical quantitative and qualitative papers that investigated the effects of e-cigarettes on bodyweight or lipid accumulation or adipocytes. Literature searches identified 4965 references. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, thirteen references which involve human, in vivo and in vitro studies were reviewed and appraised. High prevalence of e-cigarette was reported in majority of the cross sectional studies conducted among respondent who are obese or overweight. More conclusive findings were identified in in vivo studies with e-cigarette causing weight decrease. However, these observations were not supported by in vitro data. Hence, the effect of e-cigarette on body weight changes warrants further investigations. Well-designed population and molecular studies are needed to further elucidate the role of e-cigarettes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Hod
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda Mohd Nor
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Jaafar NS, Idris IB, Ahmad N, Hod R, Baddiri B, Hod R. Internet addiction and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among allied health students in Malaysia. Med J Indones 2022. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.225820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction (IA) is prone to be experienced by students and has become a major health concern. However, data on IA among allied health students are limited. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of IA and the association between mental health problems and IA among allied health students in Malaysia.
METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2021 in three government-funded allied health training institutes in Malaysia. A total of 265 allied health students undertaking a diploma in nursing, medical assistant training, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and diagnostic imaging were recruited using stratified random sampling. The Malay version of the IA test was used to measure IA, while depression, anxiety and stress scale-21 items were used to assess their mental health problems. A general linear model was used to analyze the association between IA scores and mental health problems.
RESULTS The prevalence of IA among allied health students was more than 80%, with 16.2% and 2.3% of them reporting moderate and severe IA, respectively. Higher depression (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and stress scores (p = 0.002) were associated with higher IA scores.
CONCLUSIONS There were significant associations between mental health problems and IA scores among allied health students. Future studies with rigorous scientific methods are necessary to explore mental health effects on IA. Early intervention is also needed to prevent mental health problems among allied health students to overcome the problem of IA.
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Maifata S, Abd Ghani F, Hod R, Zakaria NF. Membranous Glomerulonephritis: A Retrospective Study on Prognostic Outcome.. [DOI: 10.20944/preprints202202.0237.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in non-diabetic adults, accounting for up to one-third of biopsy diagnostics in some regions. A watchful waiting strategy has been adopted to accurately assess the success of MGN. In this study, we predict prognostic risk factors for primary MGN patients for effective intervention and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study design involving 125 biopsy-proven MGN subjects on follow-up from January 2012 to October 2019 in Hospital Serdang and Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Result and Conclusion: After the median follow-up of 36 (15.0-57.0) months, 26 (20.8%) consisting of 17 (13.6%) primary MGN and 9 (7.2%) secondary MGN subjects achieved complete remission while 17 (13.6%) and 10 (8.0%) of primary and secondary MGN subjects respectively achieved spontaneous remission. Subjects with nephrotic range proteinuria have 2.917 odds more at risk of primary MGN while subjects with hypertension have 2.417 odds risk of primary MGN compared to those with no hypertension at presentation. Multiple logistic regression models retained only factors directly associated with MGN with only nephrotic range proteinuria associated with primary MGN. Those with nephrotic range proteinuria were 3.04 times the odds of primary MGN when compared with those without nephrotic syndrome (95% C. I = 1.089, 8.472). The nephrotic syndrome could be used to determine the prognosis in patients with primary MGN especially those at risk of end-stage kidney disease.
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Maifata SM, Abd Ghani F, Hod R, Zakaria NF. Membranous Glomerulonephritis: Role of Retinol-Binding Protein in Monitoring and Prognostication.. [DOI: 10.20944/preprints202108.0109.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Initially, retinol-binding protein (RBP), was thought to be a biomarker for proximal convoluted tubule dysfunction could be important in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is an important cause of CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Therefore, monitoring MGN patients using urinary RBP is important in effective treatment decision making and prognostication of MGN patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to detect the RBP in the urine samples of 69 MGN patients comprising 47 primary and 22 secondary MGN, at the end of the follow-up period. The test for the urinary biomarker gave the following results: urinary RBP was detected in 27 (39.1%) and 6 (8.7%) of the primary and secondary MGN patients, respectively. The correlation analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between urinary RBP and renal function test parameters, in addition to a logistic regression analysis that proved urinary RBP as a prognostic non-invasive biomarker for primary MGN. Therefore, urinary RBP could be employed to monitor and provide effective prognosis and early treatment decisions in primary MGN.
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Sulaiman MH, Aizuddin AN, Hod R, Puteh SEW. Acceptance towards social network information system for earlier detection of Influenza outbreak. Med J Malaysia 2021; 76:145-150. [PMID: 33742620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza outbreak causes high economic burden to Malaysia and other countries in South East Asia. Scientists have found a relatively new way to detect influenza outbreaks early thus reducing the burden of disease by early intervention. This new technology is a social network information system which uses Facebook or Twitter data to detect potential influenza cases. Such system is good to be developed by the Malaysian government as it can detect influenza outbreaks three weeks earlier than the normal pathway. However, to implement this we require good evidence that the development will be accepted by potential users. OBJECTIVE This study was looking at the acceptance towards using social network information system among public health workers. MATERIALS AND METHOD This study was done on 205 Malaysian One Health University Network (MyOHUN) members through email and physical survey. RESULTS Results show that 62.4% public health workers accepted the use technology. The acceptance was shown to be associated with performance expectancy (p<0.05). However, unlike the very famous Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, the acceptance of social network information system was not associated with effort expectancy, social factors, facilitating conditions and socio-demographic factors. Therefore, it is suggested that social network information system be developed by the authorities in Malaysia, and be developed in a way that the system could strongly increase performance in detection of outbreak earlier than the current normal pathways. As such the system to be accepted and used, it must be sensitive, specific and be able to detect influenza outbreak early CONCLUSION: The development of social network information system is feasible as it is highly accepted and it's potential to improve early detection of influenza outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Sulaiman
- National University of Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A N Aizuddin
- National University of Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - R Hod
- National University of Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S E W Puteh
- National University of Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hod R, Maniam S, Mohd Nor NH. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:1105. [PMID: 33669783 PMCID: PMC7922416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. It is lipophilic and resembles natural oestrogens with an affinity to oestrogen receptors. This review is focused on how equol affects breast cancer, as evidenced by in vivo and in vitro studies. Equol is considered chemoprotective in specific endocrine-related pathologies, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and menopausal symptoms. In humans, not everyone can produce equol from gut metabolism. It is postulated that equol producers benefit more than non-equol producers for all the endocrine-related effects. Equol exists in two enantiomers of R-equol and S-equol. Earlier studies, however, did not specify which enantiomer was being used. This review considers equol's type and concentration variations, pathways affected, and its outcome in in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Hod
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.); (N.H.M.N.)
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Hadie SNH, Yusoff MSB, Arifin WN, Kasim F, Ismail ZIM, Asari MA, Abdul Manan Sulong H, Hassan A, Muda TFMT, Bakar YIA, Zamin RM, Ramli ESM, Hod R, Talip SB, Noor KMKM, Merican YSYA, Azmi MF, Latiff AA, Rushaidhi M. Anatomy Education Environment Measurement Inventory (AEEMI): a cross-validation study in Malaysian medical schools. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:50. [PMID: 33446203 PMCID: PMC7807888 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Anatomy Education Environment Measurement Inventory (AEEMI) evaluates the perception of medical students of educational climates with regard to teaching and learning anatomy. The study aimed to cross-validate the AEEMI, which was previously studied in a public medical school, and proposed a valid universal model of AEEMI across public and private medical schools in Malaysia. METHODS The initial 11-factor and 132-item AEEMI was distributed to 1930 pre-clinical and clinical year medical students from 11 medical schools in Malaysia. The study examined the construct validity of the AEEMI using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS The best-fit model of AEEMI was achieved using 5 factors and 26 items (χ 2 = 3300.71 (df = 1680), P < 0.001, χ 2/df = 1.965, Root Mean Square of Error Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.018, Goodness-of-fit Index (GFI) = 0.929, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.962, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.927, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.956) with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.621 to 0.927. Findings of the cross-validation across institutions and phases of medical training indicated that the AEEMI measures nearly the same constructs as the previously validated version with several modifications to the item placement within each factor. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that variability exists within factors of the anatomy education environment among institutions. Hence, with modifications to the internal structure, the proposed model of the AEEMI can be considered universally applicable in the Malaysian context and thus can be used as one of the tools for auditing and benchmarking the anatomy curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurma Hanim Hadie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Arifin
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Fazlina Kasim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zul Izhar Mohd Ismail
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Anizam Asari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Husnaida Abdul Manan Sulong
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Asma' Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Yasrul Izad Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rasheeda Mohd Zamin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hod
- Medical Education Research and Innovation Unit (MERIU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Bahri Talip
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Ku Mastura Ku Mohd Noor
- Department of Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Fairuz Azmi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Atikah Abdul Latiff
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Madihah Rushaidhi
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
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Noordin I, Idris I, Hod R, Muhammad N, Mohd Yusoff H, Anuar N, Mohd Ghazali Q. Do Parenting Style and Adolescents’ Self-esteem Contribute to Mental Health Problems among Young Adolescents in Malaysia? An Adolescents’ Perspective. imjm 2020. [DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v19i2.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence is a crucial phase in life, as this is the time when they are developing their identity, while at the same time forming relationships with others, including their family members. This study investigated adolescents’ mental health status in Malaysia and its associated factors including self -esteem and parenting style that are experienced by them. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 248 school-going adolescents aged 13 and 14 years in Selangor, Malaysia. The validated Malay version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was utilized to assess adolescents’ mental health status. In addition, the adolescents’ self-esteem was also assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Questionnaire while the Parental Bonding Instrument was used to assess their parent’s parenting style. Results: Almost 20% of the adolescents were found to have mental health problems such as emotional and conduct problems, hyperactivity disorder and peer problems. Using multivariate analysis, factors that were associated with mental health problems were family income (AOR=2.788, 95% CI=1.397, 5.563), adolescents’ self-esteem (AOR=0.799, 95% CI=0.668, 0.955) and their perception on parental control (AOR=1.175, 95% CI=1.020, 1.353). Conclusion: This study shows that one fifth of these adolescents had mental health problems. Low socio-economic factors, over controlling parents and poor self-esteem were associated with these problems. In conclusion, it is important to educate parents on effective parenting style, as improper parenting may cause psychological distress among adolescents. Improving families’ socioeconomic status and adolescents’ self-esteem can also enhance their mental health and well-being.
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Rasidin RSM, Suhaili Z, Mohamed AFS, Hod R, Neela V, Amin-Nordin S. Time-kill and post-antibiotic effect of colistin at different static concentrations in in vitro Acinetobacter baumannii. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:471-481. [PMID: 33612816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii is common among immunocompromised patients. Treatment strategy is limited due to rapid resistance development and lack of novel antibiotic. Colistin has been the last line therapy with good in vitro activity against infections caused by multi-drug resistance A. baumannii. However, pharmacological updates are required to support dosing optimisation. This study aimed to determine the time-kill kinetic and resistance development after antibiotic exposure as well as post-antibiotic effect of colistin at different static concentrations in in vitro A. baumannii system. The static in vitro time-kill and post-antibiotic effect experiments were conducted against two clinical isolates as well as one reference isolate ATCC 19606. Time-kill and postantibiotic effect were studied at colistin concentrations ranging from 0.25MIC to 16.0MIC and 0.5MIC to 4.0MIC, respectively. Post-exposure resistance development was examined in time-kill study. Killing activity and post-antibiotic effect were in a concentration-dependent manner. However, delayed killing activity indicates colistin tolerance. Development of resistance after exposure was not detected except for the ATCC 19606 strain. Dosing suggestion based on the observations include administration of supplemental dose 3 MIU at 12 hours after loading dose, administration of maintenance dose 9 MIU in two divided doses and application of extended interval in renal adjustment dose. However, the information is applicable for non-colistin-heteroresistance A. baumannii with colistin MIC < 1.0 mg/L. As for heteroresistance and strain with colistin MIC > 1.0 mg/L, combination therapy would be the more appropriate treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S M Rasidin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Suhaili
- School of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - A F S Mohamed
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Hod
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - V Neela
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Amin-Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Maifata SM, Hod R, Zakaria F, Abd Ghani F. Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers (PLA 2R and THSD7A) in Diagnosis, Monitoring and Prognostication of Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E319. [PMID: 32079308 PMCID: PMC7072431 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiating primary and secondary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) using biomarkers for MGN is essential in patients' diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Although biopsy has been the primary tool in making the diagnosis, not all patients can withstand it due to its invasive nature, and it cannot be used to monitor treatment. Hence, there is the need for less invasive or even non-invasive biomarkers for effective diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognostication. This study aimed at providing an alternative way of differentiating primary and secondary MGN using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for serum and urine biomarkers (M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A)) for prompt diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. A total of 125 subjects, including 81 primary and 44 secondary MGN subjects, were diagnosed from January 2012 to October 2019 at Hospital Serdang and Hospital Kuala Lumpur from which 69 subjects consisting of 45 primary and 24 secondary MGN subjects participated in the study. Of these, 13 primary MGN subjects were positive for both serum and urine anti-PLA2R antibodies (Ab) whereas only one secondary MGN subject associated with hepatitis B virus was positive for both serum and urine anti-PLA2R Ab. At the same time, anti-THSD7A Ab was found positive in four primary MGN subjects and two secondary MGN subjects with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Mu’azu Maifata
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Physiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Federal University Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa 950102, Nigeria
| | - Rafidah Hod
- Physiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Fadhlina Zakaria
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Fauzah Abd Ghani
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
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Maifata SM, Hod R, Zakaria F, Abd Ghani F. Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis: The Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in Patient Management. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7040086. [PMID: 31683874 PMCID: PMC6966460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin domain containing 7A THSD7A among primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) patients transformed the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. Anti-PLA2R can be detected in 70–90% of primary MGN patients while anti-THSD7A in 2–3% of anti-PLA2R negative primary MGN patients depending on the technique used. Serum and urine samples are less invasive and non-invasive, respectively, and thus can detect the presence of anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A with higher sensitivity and specificity, which is significant in patient monitoring and prognosis. It is better than exposing patients to a frequent biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Different techniques of detection of PLA2R and THSD7A in patients’ urine and sera were reviewed to provide newer and alternative techniques. We proposed the use of biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in the diagnosis, treatment decision, and follow-up of patients with primary MGN. In addition, other prognostic renal biomarkers like retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta-2 microglobulin were reviewed to detect the progression of renal damage for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Mu'azu Maifata
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Physiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Federal University Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa 950102, Nigeria.
| | - Rafidah Hod
- Physiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Fadhlina Zakaria
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Fauzah Abd Ghani
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
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Maifata SM, Hod R, Zakaria NF, Abd Ghani F. Membranous Glomerulonephritis: Overview of the Role of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in the Management.. [DOI: 10.20944/preprints201909.0218.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Detection of PLA2R and THSD7A among primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) patients transformed the diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis. Anti-PLA2R can be detected in 70-90% of primary MGN patients while anti-THSD7A in 2-3% of anti-PLA2R negative primary MGN patients depending on the technique used. Serum and urine samples are less invasive and non-invasive respectively and can detect the presence of anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A with higher sensitivity and specificity, significant in patients’ monitoring and prognosis better than exposing patients to frequent biopsy which is an invasive procedure. Different techniques of detection of PLA2R and THSD7A in patients’ urine and sera were reviewed with the aim of providing newer and alternative techniques. We proposed the use of biomarkers (PLA2R and THSD7A) in making the diagnosis, treatment decision and follow up of patients with primary MGN. We also reviewed other prognostic renal biomarkers like retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta-2 microglobulin in order to detect progression of renal damage for early intervention.
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Azmawati MN, Dalila R, Idris IB, Hod R. Bullying and truancy: Predictors to sexual practices among school-going adolescents in Malaysia - a cross-sectional study. Med J Malaysia 2017; 72:298-305. [PMID: 29197886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents' involvement in sexual practices are becoming a major public health concern in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of sexual practices among Malaysian school-going adolescents and its predictive factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from April 2012 till September 2012 among 16-year-old school adolescents from two different schools. They were selected through simple random sampling and these adolescents answered a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections i.e. socio-demography, risk-taking behaviours and family-adolescents relationship. Data were analysed using Pearson Chi-Square test while Simple Logistic Regression and Multiple Logistic Regression were applied to determine the predictive factors. RESULTS The prevalence of sexual practices among the adolescents was 30.1% in which they were either involved in pornography (26.8%), pre-sexual activities (8.5%) or premarital sex (2.9%). Six predictive factors associated with sexual practices among this age group were identified which were male (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2.7, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 1.4 to 2.5), truancy (aOR 2.3, 95%CI 1.3 to 4.2), bully (aOR 3.5, 95%CI 1.7 to 7.3), hanging out (aOR 2.8, 95% 1.4 to 5.6), staying out late (aOR 3.2, 95%CI 1.5 to 6.8) and conflict with family (aOR 4.1, 95%CI 1.9 to 8.9). DISCUSSION Asian background differs from the western countries and findings of this study may suggest suitable intervention programmes that can prevent high-risk sexual practices among Asian school-going adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Azmawati
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - R Dalila
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I B Idris
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Hod
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hod R, Kouidhi W, Ali Mohd M, Husain R. Plasma isoflavones in Malaysian men according to vegetarianism and by age. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2016; 25:89-96. [PMID: 26965767 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2016.25.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate lower prevalences of breast and prostate cancers and cardiovascular disease in Southeast Asia where vegetarianism is popular and diets are traditionally high in phytoestrogens. This study assessed plasma isoflavones in vegetarian and non-vegetarian Malaysian men according to age. Daidzein, genistein, equol (a daidzein metabolite), formononetin, biochanin A, estrone, estradiol and testosterone were measured by validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS). Plasma isoflavone and sex hormone concentrations were measured in 225 subjects according to age (18-34, 35-44 and 45-67 years old). In all age groups, vegetarians had a higher concentration of circulating isoflavones compared with non-vegetarians especially in the 45-67 year age group where all isoflavones except equol, were significantly higher in vegetarians compared with omnivores. By contrast, the 18-34 year group had a significantly higher concentration of daidzein in vegetarians and significantly higher testosterone and estrone concentrations compared with non-vegetarians. In this age group there were weak correlations between estrone, estradiol and testosterone with some of the isoflavones. This human study provides the first Malaysian data for the phytoestrogen status of vegetarian and nonvegetarian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Hod
- Department of Human Anatomy Faculty Medicine & Health Sciences University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wided Kouidhi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mustafa Ali Mohd
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruby Husain
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bachar G, Hod R, Goldstein DP, Irish JC, Gullane PJ, Brown D, Gilbert RW, Hadar T, Feinmesser R, Shpitzer T. Outcome of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in patients with and without known risk factors. Oral Oncol 2010; 47:45-50. [PMID: 21167767 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking and high alcohol consumption are considered major risk factors of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. This study compared disease outcome between patients with and without known risk factors. METHODS Patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma treated at two major medical centers from 1994 to 2008 were identified by cancer registry search. The medical files were reviewed for background-and-disease-related data, risk factors, and outcome. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 291 patients: 175 had a history of heavy tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse and 116 did not. Comparison of the patients without risk factors between the two centers yielded no differences in background features. Men accounted for 74% of the total patients with risk factors and comprised 77% of the risk-factor group. The risk-factor group was characterized by a significantly higher mean tumor grade (p=0.0001) and greater tumor depth of invasion (p=0.022) than the non-risk-factor group. The 5-year local and regional control rates were 85.3% and 74%, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. The 5-year overall survival rate was 68% in the risk-factor group and 64% in the non-risk-factor group (p=NS). Separate analysis of patients aged <40 years at diagnosis revealed a worse overall (p=0.015) and disease-free survival (p=0.038) in those without risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of oral tongue carcinoma is similar in patients with and without risk factors. The worse prognosis in younger patients (<40 years) without risk factors suggests that the pathogenesis in these cases involves factors other than smoking and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bachar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqwa 49100, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Soudry E, Preis M, Hod R, Hamzany Y, Hadar T, Bahar G, Strenov Y, Shpitzer T. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in patients younger than 30 years: clinicopathologic features and outcome. Clin Otolaryngol 2010; 35:307-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2010.02164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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