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Guerrini V, Prideaux B, Khan R, Subbian S, Wang Y, Sadimin E, Pawar S, Ukey R, Singer EA, Xue C, Gennaro ML. Heterogeneity of foam cell biogenesis across diseases. bioRxiv 2024:2023.06.08.542766. [PMID: 37333211 PMCID: PMC10274805 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.542766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Foam cells are dysfunctional, lipid-laden macrophages associated with chronic inflammation of diverse origin. The long-standing paradigm that foam cells are cholesterol-laden derives from atherosclerosis research. We previously showed that, in tuberculosis, foam cells surprisingly accumulate triglycerides. Here, we utilized bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), fungal (Cryptococcus neoformans), and human papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) models. We applied mass spectrometry-based imaging to assess the spatial distribution of storage lipids relative to foam-cell-rich areas in lesional tissues, and characterized lipid-laden macrophages generated under corresponding in vitro conditions. The in vivo data were consistent with in vitro findings showing that cryptococcus-infected macrophages accumulated triglycerides, while macrophages exposed to pRCC-conditioned-medium accumulated both triglycerides and cholesterol. Moreover, cryptococcus- and mycobacterium-infected macrophages accumulated triglycerides by different mechanisms. Collectively, our data indicate that the mechanisms of foam cell formation are disease-microenvironment-specific. Since foam cells are potential therapeutic targets, recognizing that their formation is disease-specific opens new biomedical research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Rehan Khan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Yina Wang
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Evita Sadimin
- Section of Urologic Pathology and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Siddhi Pawar
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Eric A. Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Microbiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
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2
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Khan R, Ji W, Guzman-Rivera J, Madhvi A, Andrews T, Richlin B, Suarez C, Gaur S, Cuddy W, Singh AR, Bukulmez H, Kaelber D, Kimura Y, Ganapathi U, Michailidis IE, Ukey R, Moroso-Fela S, Kuster JK, Casseus M, Roy J, Kleinman LC, Horton DB, Lakhani SA, Gennaro ML. A genetically modulated Toll-like-receptor-tolerant phenotype in peripheral blood cells of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.02.24301686. [PMID: 38370700 PMCID: PMC10871447 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.24301686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated innate immune responses contribute to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), characterized by gastrointestinal, mucocutaneous, and/or cardiovascular injury occurring weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure. To investigate innate immune functions in MIS-C, we stimulated ex vivo peripheral blood cells from MIS-C patients with agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLR), key innate immune response initiators. We found severely dampened cytokine responses and elevated gene expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling. Increased plasma levels of zonulin, a gut leakage marker, were also detected. These effects were also observed in children enrolled months after MIS-C recovery. Moreover, cells from MIS-C children carrying rare genetic variants of lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) were less refractory to TLR stimulation and exhibited lysosomal and mitochondrial abnormalities with altered energy metabolism. Our results strongly suggest that MIS-C hyperinflammation and/or excessive or prolonged stimulation with gut-originated TLR ligands drive immune cells to a lasting refractory state. TLR hyporesponsiveness is likely beneficial, as suggested by excess lymphopenia among rare LYST variant carriers. Our findings point to cellular mechanisms underlying TLR hyporesponsiveness; identify genetic determinants that may explain the MIS-C clinical spectrum; suggest potential associations between innate refractory states and long COVID; and highlight the need to monitor long-term consequences of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Khan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Jeisac Guzman-Rivera
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Abhilasha Madhvi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Tracy Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Benjamin Richlin
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Christian Suarez
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Aalok R Singh
- Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, NY
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Hulya Bukulmez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland OH
| | - David Kaelber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland OH
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, MetroHealth System, Cleveland OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH
| | - Yukiko Kimura
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ
| | - Usha Ganapathi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Ioannis E Michailidis
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Sandra Moroso-Fela
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - John K Kuster
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Myriam Casseus
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Lawrence C Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Global Urban Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
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3
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Konvinse K, Bruiners N, Ukey R, Yang E, Kleinman L, Horton D, Gennaro M, Utz P. High prevalence of autoantibodies in children after COVID-19 infection of differing levels of severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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4
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Bruiners N, Guerrini V, Ukey R, Dikdan RJ, Yang JH, Mishra PK, Onyuka A, Handler D, Vieth J, Carayannopoulos M, Guo S, Pollen M, Pinter A, Tyagi S, Feingold D, Philipp C, Libutti SK, Gennaro ML. Longitudinal Analysis of Biologic Correlates of COVID-19 Resolution: Case Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:915367. [PMID: 35783607 PMCID: PMC9240225 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.915367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the biomarkers of COVID-19 severity have been thoroughly investigated, the key biological dynamics associated with COVID-19 resolution are still insufficiently understood. We report a case of full resolution of severe COVID-19 due to convalescent plasma transfusion. Following transfusion, the patient showed fever remission, improved respiratory status, and rapidly decreased viral burden in respiratory fluids and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. Longitudinal unbiased proteomic analysis of plasma and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood cells conducted prior to and at multiple times after convalescent plasma transfusion identified the key biological processes associated with the transition from severe disease to disease-free state. These included (i) temporally ordered upward and downward changes in plasma proteins reestablishing homeostasis and (ii) post-transfusion disappearance of a subset of monocytes characterized by hyperactivated Interferon responses and decreased TNF-α signaling. Monitoring specific dysfunctional myeloid cell subsets in peripheral blood may provide prognostic keys in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bruiners
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ryan J. Dikdan
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jason H. Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Joshua Vieth
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mary Carayannopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shuang Guo
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Maressa Pollen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel Feingold
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Claire Philipp
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Steven K. Libutti
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven K. Libutti
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
- Maria Laura Gennaro
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5
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Bruiners N, Guerrini V, Ukey R, Dikdan R, Yang J, Mishra PK, Onyuka A, Handler D, Vieth J, Carayannopulos M, Guo S, Pollen M, Pinter A, Tyagi S, Feingold D, Philipp C, Libutti S, Gennaro ML. Biologic correlates of beneficial convalescent plasma therapy in a COVID-19 patient reveal disease resolution mechanisms. medRxiv 2022:2022.02.03.22269612. [PMID: 35132422 PMCID: PMC8820674 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.03.22269612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the biomarkers of COVID-19 severity have been thoroughly investigated, the key biological dynamics associated with COVID-19 resolution are still insufficiently understood. MAIN BODY We report a case of full resolution of severe COVID-19 due to convalescent plasma transfusion in a patient with underlying multiple autoimmune syndrome. Following transfusion, the patient showed fever remission, improved respiratory status, and rapidly decreased viral burden in respiratory fluids and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. Longitudinal unbiased proteomic analysis of plasma and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood cells conducted prior to and at multiple times after convalescent plasma transfusion identified the key biological processes associated with the transition from severe disease to disease-free state. These included (i) temporally ordered upward and downward changes in plasma proteins reestablishing homeostasis and (ii) post-transfusion disappearance of a particular subset of dysfunctional monocytes characterized by hyperactivated Interferon responses and decreased TNF-α signaling. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring specific subsets of innate immune cells in peripheral blood may provide prognostic keys in severe COVID-19. Moreover, understanding disease resolution at the molecular and cellular level should contribute to identify targets of therapeutic interventions against severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Ryan Dikdan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Jason Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Joshua Vieth
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
| | - Mary Carayannopulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Shuang Guo
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Maressa Pollen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Daniel Feingold
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Claire Philipp
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Steven Libutti
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
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6
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Ukey R, Bruiners N, Mishra H, Mishra PK, McCloskey D, Onyuka A, Chen F, Pinter A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Roy J, Gaur S, Gennaro ML. Dichotomy between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. BMC Med 2022; 20:32. [PMID: 35073931 PMCID: PMC8786593 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection from severe disease and hospitalization by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been amply demonstrated by real-world data. However, the rapidly evolving pandemic raises new concerns. One pertains efficacy of adenoviral vector-based vaccines, particularly the single-dose Ad26.COV2.S, relative to mRNA vaccines. MAIN BODY We investigated the immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA vaccines in 33 subjects vaccinated with either vaccine class 5 months earlier on average. After controlling for the time since vaccination, Spike-binding antibody and neutralizing antibody levels were higher in the mRNA-vaccinated subjects, while no significant differences in antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A dichotomy exists between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by the two vaccine classes. Testing only for humoral responses to compare the durability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced responses, as typically performed for public health and research purposes, is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Hridesh Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Pankaj K Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Deborah McCloskey
- Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH Building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, ICPH building, W250Q, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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7
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Datta P, Ukey R, Bruiners N, Honnen W, Carayannopoulos MO, Reichman C, Choudhary A, Onyuka A, Handler D, Guerrini V, Mishra PK, Dewald HK, Lardizabal A, Lederer L, Leiser AL, Hussain S, Jagpal SK, Radbel J, Bhowmick T, Horton DB, Barrett ES, Xie YL, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Weiss SH, Woortman M, Parmar H, Roy J, Dominguez-Bello MG, Blaser MJ, Carson JL, Panettieri RA, Libutti SK, Raymond HF, Pinter A, Gennaro ML. Highly versatile antibody binding assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. J Immunol Methods 2021; 499:113165. [PMID: 34634317 PMCID: PMC8500840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the burden and spread of infection with the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, whether within small communities or in large geographical settings, is of paramount importance for public health purposes. Serology, which detects the host antibody response to the infection, is the most appropriate tool for this task, since virus-derived markers are most reliably detected during the acute phase of infection. Here we show that our ELISA protocol, which is based on antibody binding to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the viral Spike protein expressed as a novel fusion protein, detects antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We also show that our ELISA is accurate and versatile. It compares favorably with commercial assays widely used in clinical practice to determine exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, our protocol accommodates use of various blood- and non-blood-derived biospecimens, such as breast milk, as well as dried blood obtained with microsampling cartridges that are appropriate for remote collection. As a result, our RBD-based ELISA protocols are well suited for seroepidemiology and other large-scale studies requiring parsimonious sample collection outside of healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Datta
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - William Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Mary O Carayannopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Charles Reichman
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Alok Choudhary
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Pankaj K Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Hannah K Dewald
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Alfred Lardizabal
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Leeba Lederer
- Bikur Cholim of Lakewood, Lakewood, NJ 08701, United States of America
| | - Aliza L Leiser
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States of America
| | - Sabiha Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Sugeet K Jagpal
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Jared Radbel
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Tanaya Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Yingda L Xie
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Division of Infectious Diseases, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | | | - Stanley H Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Melissa Woortman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Heta Parmar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States of America
| | - Henry F Raymond
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America.
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
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8
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Ukey R, Bruiners N, Mishra H, Mishra PK, McCloskey D, Onyuka A, Chen F, Pinter A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Roy J, Gaur S, Gennaro ML. Dichotomy between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv 2021:2021.09.17.21263528. [PMID: 34580675 PMCID: PMC8475964 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.17.21263528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protection from severe disease and hospitalization by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been amply demonstrated by real-world data. However, the rapidly evolving pandemic raises new concerns. One pertains efficacy of adenoviral vector-based vaccines, particularly the single-dose Ad26.COV2.S, relative to mRNA vaccines. We investigated the immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA vaccines in 33 subjects vaccinated with either vaccine class five months earlier on average. After controlling for time since vaccination, Spike-binding antibody and neutralizing antibody levels were higher in the mRNA-vaccinated subjects, while no significant differences in antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses were observed between the two groups. Thus, a dichotomy exists between humoral and cellular responses elicited by the two vaccine classes. Our results have implications for the need of booster doses in vaccinated subjects and might explain the dichotomy reported between the waning protection from symptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and its persisting efficacy in preventing hospitalization and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Hridesh Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Pankaj K. Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Deborah McCloskey
- Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Fei Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
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9
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Horton DB, Barrett ES, Roy J, Gennaro ML, Andrews T, Greenberg P, Bruiners N, Datta P, Ukey R, Velusamy SK, Fine D, Honnen WJ, Yin YS, Pinter A, Brooks A, Tischfield J, Hussain S, Jagpal S, Swaminathan S, Parmar V, Reilly N, Gaur S, Panettieri RA, Carson JL, Blaser MJ. Determinants and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a diverse population: 6-month evaluation of a prospective cohort study. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1345-1356. [PMID: 34387310 PMCID: PMC8436370 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We studied risk factors, antibodies, and symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a diverse, ambulatory population. Methods A prospective cohort (n = 831) previously undiagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent serial testing (SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction, immunoglobulin G [IgG]) for 6 months. Results Ninety-three participants (11.2%) tested SARS-CoV-2-positive: 14 (15.1%) asymptomatic, 24 (25.8%) severely symptomatic. Healthcare workers (n = 548) were more likely to become infected (14.2% vs 5.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–3.3) and severely symptomatic (29.5% vs 6.7%). IgG antibodies were detected after 79% of asymptomatic infections, 89% with mild-moderate symptoms, and 96% with severe symptoms. IgG trajectories after asymptomatic infections (slow increases) differed from symptomatic infections (early peaks within 2 months). Most participants (92%) had persistent IgG responses (median 171 days). In multivariable models, IgG titers were positively associated with symptom severity, certain comorbidities, and hospital work. Dyspnea and neurologic changes (including altered smell/taste) lasted ≥ 120 days in ≥ 10% of affected participants. Prolonged symptoms (frequently more severe) corresponded to higher antibody levels. Conclusions In a prospective, ethnically diverse cohort, symptom severity correlated with the magnitude and trajectory of IgG production. Symptoms frequently persisted for many months after infection. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04336215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research; New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute; Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tracy Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Rutgers School of Public Health; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pratik Datta
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Daniel Fine
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - William J Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yue Sandra Yin
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine; Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Brooks
- Infinity Biologix® and Human Genetics Institute of NJ and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Infinity Biologix® and Human Genetics Institute of NJ and Department of Genetics, Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sabiha Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sugeet Jagpal
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shobha Swaminathan
- Public Global Health Institute; Department of Medicine; New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers University; Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Veenat Parmar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nancy Reilly
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine; Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ, USA
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10
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Datta P, Ukey R, Bruiners N, Honnen W, Carayannopoulos MO, Reichman C, Choudhary A, Onyuka A, Handler D, Guerrini V, Mishra PK, Dewald HK, Lardizabal A, Lederer L, Leiser AL, Hussain S, Jagpal SK, Radbel J, Bhowmick T, Horton DB, Barrett ES, Xie YL, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Weiss SH, Woortman M, Parmar H, Roy J, Dominguez-Bello MG, Blaser MJ, Carson JL, Panettieri RA, Libutti SK, Raymond HF, Pinter A, Gennaro ML. Highly versatile antibody binding assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34282427 PMCID: PMC8288160 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.09.21260266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the burden and spread of infection with the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, whether within small communities or in large geographical settings, is of paramount importance for public health purposes. Serology, which detects the host antibody response to the infection, is the most appropriate tool for this task, since virus-derived markers are most reliably detected during the acute phase of infection. Here we show that our ELISA protocol, which is based on antibody binding to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the viral Spike protein expressed as a novel fusion protein, detects antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. We also show that our ELISA is accurate and versatile. It compares favorably with commercial assays widely used in clinical practice to determine exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, our protocol accommodates use of various blood- and non-blood-derived biospecimens, such as breast milk, as well as dried blood obtained with microsampling cartridges that are appropriate for remote collection. As a result, our RBD-based ELISA protocols are well suited for seroepidemiology and other large-scale studies requiring parsimonious sample collection outside of healthcare settings.
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11
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Mishra PK, Bruiners N, Ukey R, Datta P, Onyuka A, Handler D, Hussain S, Honnen W, Singh S, Guerrini V, Yin Y, Dewald H, Choudhary A, Horton DB, Barrett ES, Roy J, Weiss SH, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Blaser MJ, Carson JL, Panettieri RA, Lardizabal A, Chang TLY, Pinter A, Gennaro ML. Vaccination boosts protective responses and counters SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenic memory B cells. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33880486 PMCID: PMC8057254 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.11.21255153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Much is to be learned about the interface between immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We monitored immune responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) in convalescent individuals for eight months after infection diagnosis and following vaccination. Over time, neutralizing antibody responses, which are predominantly RBD specific, generally decreased, while RBD-specific memory B cells persisted. RBD-specific antibody and B cell responses to vaccination were more vigorous than those elicited by infection in the same subjects or by vaccination in infection-naïve comparators. Notably, the frequencies of double negative B memory cells, which are dysfunctional and potentially pathogenic, increased in the convalescent subjects over time. Unexpectedly, this effect was reversed by vaccination. Our work identifies a novel aspect of immune dysfunction in mild/moderate COVID-19, supports the practice of offering SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regardless of infection history, and provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the vaccination-induced reduction of “Long-COVID” symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Pratik Datta
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Sabiha Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - William Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- NJMS Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core Laboratory, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Yue Yin
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Hannah Dewald
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alok Choudhary
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Stanley H Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | | | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | | | - Alfred Lardizabal
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Theresa Li-Yun Chang
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
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12
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Mishra PK, Bruiners N, Ukey R, Datta P, Onyuka A, Handler D, Singh S, Honnen W, Chang TLY, Pinter A, Gennaro ML. Natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 generates durable Spike S1 Receptor-Binding-Domain-specific memory B cell and neutralizing antibody responses. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.114.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Since human infection with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in December 2019, we are still developing an understanding of the nature and duration of protection against this infection. Most neutralizing antibodies, which are a key component of the protective response against SARS-CoV-2 infection, target the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the Spike glycoprotein and critically prevent binding of the virus to the host cell receptor, and viral entry. Thus, it is of vital importance to monitor the presence of neutralizing antibodies and RBD-specific B cells that are key for rapid production of protective antibodies upon reinfection with SARS-COV2 infection. In this study, we developed a multicolor flow cytometric assay to enumerate the RBD-specific memory B cell and memory B cell subsets. We collected peripheral blood cells and plasma from 22 subjects 1–2 months since COVID-19 diagnosis (early time point - ET) and then again after 5–7 months (late time point – LT). Comparing the data collected from these two time points, we observed a significant decrease in plasma blasts and double-negative memory B cell and an increase in the IgG+ switched-memory B cells and decrease in the IgM+ switched-memory B cells at LT relative to ET. We concurrently observed a trend toward decreased anti-RBD IgG titers over time. When we tested plasma neutralizing activity employing ACE2-expressing HeLa cell lines infected with mNeonGreen(mNG)SARS-CoV-2, we also observed reduced neutralizing antibody titers over time. Thus, a correlation exists between titers of RBD-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing titers. In addition, the presence of RBD-specific B-cell memory in circulating blood is a strong indication of a durable protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- 1Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- 1Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Rahul Ukey
- 1Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Pratik Datta
- 1Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- 2Global Tuberculosis Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Deborah Handler
- 2Global Tuberculosis Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- 3NJMS Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core Laboratory, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - William Honnen
- 1Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Theresa Li-Yun Chang
- 1Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Abraham Pinter
- 1Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Maria L Gennaro
- 1Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
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13
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Carmon T, Ukey R, Fakas S. Regulation of the PAH1‐encoded phosphatidate phosphatase during lipogenesis in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Ukey R, Carmon T, Hardman D, Hill N, Fakas S. The Yarrowia lipolytica PAH1 homologue contributes but is not required for triacylglycerol biosynthesis during growth on glucose. Yeast 2019; 37:93-102. [PMID: 31724221 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The PAH1-encoded phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) catalyzes the Mg2+ -dependent dephosphorylation of phosphatidate to produce diacylglycerol, which can be acylated to form triacylglycerol (TAG). In the model oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, TAG is the major lipid produced, and its biosynthesis requires a continuous supply of diacylglycerol, which can be provided by the PAP reaction. However, the regulation of Pah1 has not been studied in detail in Y. lipolytica, and thus its contribution to the biosynthesis of TAG in this yeast is not well understood. In this work, we examined the regulation of the PAH1-mediated PAP activity and Pah1 abundance and localization in cells growing on glucose. We found that Pah1 abundance and localization were regulated in a growth-dependent manner, yet the loss of Pah1 did not have a major effect on PAP activity. We also examined the effects of the Y. lipolytica pah1Δ mutation on cell physiology and lipid biosynthesis. The lack of Pah1 in the pah1Δ mutant resulted in a moderate decrease in TAG levels and an increase in phospholipid levels. These results showed that Pah1 contributed to TAG biosynthesis in Y. lipolytica but also suggested the presence of other activities in the pah1Δ mutant that compensate for the loss of Pah1. Also, the levels of linoleic acid were elevated in pah1Δ cells with a concomitant decrease in the oleic acid levels suggesting that the pah1Δ mutation affected the biosynthesis of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ukey
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama
| | - Taylor Carmon
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama
| | - Derell Hardman
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama
| | - Na'Taja Hill
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama
| | - Stylianos Fakas
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama
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15
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Carmon T, Ukey R, Fakas S. The Catalytic Activity of the
PAH
1‐encoded Phosphatidate Phosphatase is Required for Lipid Biosynthesis in the Oleaginous
Yarrowia lipolytica. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.796.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Carmon
- Food and Animal ScienceAlabama A&M UniversityNormalAL
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Food and Animal ScienceAlabama A&M UniversityNormalAL
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16
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Hardman D, Ukey R, Fakas S. Phosphatidate phosphatase activity is induced during lipogenesis in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Yeast 2018; 35:619-625. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derell Hardman
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences; Alabama A&M University; Normal Alabama
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences; Alabama A&M University; Normal Alabama
| | - Stylianos Fakas
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences; Alabama A&M University; Normal Alabama
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17
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Hardman D, Ukey R, Fakas S. The
PAH1
‐encoded Phosphatidate Phosphatase Plays a Role in Lipogenesis in the Oleaginous Yeast
Yarrowia lipolytica. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.539.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Acinetobacter baylyi is one of few Gram-negative bacteria capable of accumulating storage lipids in the form of triacylglycerides and wax esters, which makes it an attractive candidate for production of lipophilic products, including biofuel precursors. Thioesterases play a significant dual role in the triacylglyceride and wax ester biosynthesis by either providing or removing acyl-CoA from this pathway. Therefore, 4 different thioesterase genes were cloned from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 and expressed in Escherichia coli to investigate their contribution to free fatty acids (FFAs) accumulation. Overexpression of the genes tesA' (a leaderless form of the gene tesA) and tesC resulted in increased accumulation of FFAs when compared with the host E. coli strain. Overexpression of tesA' showed a 1.87-fold increase in production of long-chain fatty acids (C16 to C18) over the host strain. Unlike TesC and the other investigated thioesterases, the TesA' thioesterase also produced shorter chain FFAs (e.g., myristic acid) and unsaturated FFAs (e.g., cis-vaccenic acid (18:1Δ11)). A comparison of the remaining 3 A. baylyi ADP1 thioesterases (encoded by the tesB, tesC, and tesD genes) revealed that only the strain containing the tesC gene produced statistically higher levels of FFAs over the control, suggesting that it possesses the acyl-ACP thioesterase activity. Both E. coli strains containing the tesB and tesD genes produced levels of FFAs similar to those of the plasmid-free control E. coli strain, which indicates that TesB and TesD lack the acyl-ACP thioesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ukey
- a Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - William E Holmes
- b Energy Institute, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Rakesh Bajpai
- c Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Andrei Y Chistoserdov
- a Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
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