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M S, Jayanthi R, Manne P. Anaesthetic management of a child with Fontan heart undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A case report. J Perioper Pract 2024; 34:70-74. [PMID: 36867074 DOI: 10.1177/17504589221148025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The Fontan procedure is a staged palliative surgery performed in children with congenital univentricular heart defects. These individuals are predisposed to a variety of issues due to their altered physiology. Through this article, we would like to describe the evaluation and anaesthetic management of a 14-year-old boy with Fontan circulation who underwent an uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The key to successful management was a multidisciplinary approach throughout the perioperative period as these patients pose a unique set of problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth M
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - R Jayanthi
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Prasad Manne
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
- The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
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Nath G, Subrahmanyam M, Jayanthi R, Singh R, Ramesh S, Ahuja V. Recent advances in anaesthesia for intrauterine and foetal surgery. Indian J Anaesth 2023; 67:11-18. [PMID: 36970490 PMCID: PMC10034931 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_964_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in prenatal diagnostic techniques have enabled early detection of potentially correctable foetal anomalies. Here, we summarise recent developments in anaesthesia for foetal surgery. Types of foetal surgery include minimally invasive, open mid-gestational and ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedures. Foetoscopic surgery avoids hysterotomy, with risk of uterine dehiscence, preserving the possibility of subsequent vaginal delivery. Minimally invasive procedures are performed under local or regional anaesthesia; open or EXIT procedures are usually done under general anaesthesia. Requirements include maintenance of uteroplacental blood flow, and uterine relaxation to prevent placental separation and premature labour. Foetal requirements include monitoring of well-being, providing analgesia and immobility. EXIT procedures require maintenance of placental circulation till the airway is secured, requiring multidisciplinary involvement. Here, the uterine tone must return after baby delivery to prevent major maternal haemorrhage. The anaesthesiologist plays a crucial role in maintaining maternal and foetal homeostasis and optimising surgical conditions.
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Hephzibah R, Anandharaj HC, Kowsalya G, Jayanthi R, Chandy DA. Review on Deep Learning Methodologies in Medical Image Restoration and Segmentation. Curr Med Imaging 2022; 19:844-854. [PMID: 35392788 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220407112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of two major image processing tasks such as restoration and segmentation in the medical field on deep learning perspective. These processes are essential as restoration helps in the removal of noise and segmentation helps in extracting the particular region of interest of an image which is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. This paper mainly focuses on deep learning techniques as it plays a prominent role over other conventional techniques in handling a large number of datasets in the medical field and also provides accurate results. In this paper, we reviewed the application of different convolutional neural network architectures in the restoration and segmentation processes. Based on the results in the case of image restoration, TLR-CNN and Stat-CNN are promising in achieving better PSNR, noise suppression, artifact suppression and improves the overall image quality. For segmentation process, LCP net achieves the Dice score as 98.12% and sensitivity as 98.95% in the cell contour segmentation;3D FCNN model is found to be the best method for segmentation of brain tumors. This review work shows that deep learning methodologies can be a better alternative for medical image restoration and segmentation tasks as the data size is an important concern as on today.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hephzibah
- Department of Mathematics, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - G Kowsalya
- Department of Mathematics, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
| | - R Jayanthi
- Department of Mathematics, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
| | - D Abraham Chandy
- Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
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Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR. "Sex hormone independent associations between insulin resistance and thyroid status -a gender based biochemical study on clinically euthyroid non-obese, overweight and obese type 2 diabetics''. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2286-2291. [PMID: 31235170 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Studies indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) might contribute to the development of thyroid disorders (TD). However, few gender based reports are available describing therelationship between T2DM and TD in clinically euthyroid, anthropometry specified groups of type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to relategender based biochemical changes in anthropometry specified, clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics. METHODOLOGY The study was carried out on clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics (male n = 269; female n = 301) at a tertiary health care unit in Pondicherry, South India. Three groups were segregatedbased on Body mass Index: 153 non-obese type 2 diabetics (BMI = 18.5-24.99), 291 overweight type 2 diabetics (BMI = 25-29.99) and 126 obese type 2 diabetics (BMI ≥ 30). Biochemical parameters included glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, Cortisol and Thyroid profile. RESULTS The study had included clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics (52.8% females and 47.2% males). Statistically significant associationsweredifferently observed between insulin resistance (dependent variable) andother independent variables, irrespective of sex hormone status. Total protein was negatively related in non -obese male type 2 diabetics (R = 0.780); Triiodothyronine was inversely associated in overweight males, whereas cortisol and the divalent cations (Zinc and Magnesium) depicted positive association (R = 0.555) in the same group (overweight), butcortisol in non -obese female type 2 diabeticswas negative (R = 0.742); Glycated hemoglobin and calcium exhibited positive relationshipin obese type 2 female diabetics (R = 0.771).. CONCLUSION Our study has revealed distinctive relationship between T2DM and TD in the anthropometry specified, clinically euthyroid and gender based type 2 diabetics, independent of the sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri BalajiVidyapeeth (Deemed to be University Accredited with A Grade by NAAC), Pondicherry, 607402, India
| | - Abu Raghavan Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri BalajiVidyapeeth (Deemed to be University Accredited with A Grade by NAAC), Pondicherry, 607402, India.
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Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR. Biochemical isthmus [nexus] between type 2 diabetes mellitus and thyroid status-an update. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1173-1177. [PMID: 31336461 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both Type 1 [T1DM] and Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] share a nexus with altered thyroid status. In recent times, evidences point to the link between thyroid hormones andT2DM in particular. Several lines of evidences suggest an array of biochemical and molecular events. Gene polymorphism, disturbances in gene expression and regulation, enhanced and bizarre absorption of dietary glucose from intestine, decreased utilization of glucose by tissues and aberrations in hepatic handling of glucose with the onus on Gluconeogenesis are some of the projected mechanisms. Insulin resistance, a progressive condition is the hallmark in T2DM. Hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism have been associated with insulin resistance which are synonymous with impaired glucose metabolism in T2DM. A multitude of basic, clinical and molecular studies provide an insight into thyroid comorbidity in T2DM, though there are a few instances to suggest equivocal link denoting cause-effect relationship. In biochemical pharmacology, as fortified by pharmacogenomics, modalities have now been proposed, through drug trials, to underline the utility of specifically designed thyroid hormone analogues in addressing metabolic syndrome, DM and associated cardiovascular pathology. A thorough understanding of the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms would certainly open newer vistas in the perspectives of T2DM with special reference to alterations in thyroid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, 607 402, India
| | - Abu Raghavan Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, 607 402, India.
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Jayanthi R, Florence ML. Improved Bayesian regularisation using neural networks based on feature selection for software defect prediction. IJCAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcat.2019.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR, Maran AL. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of serum total bilirubin - A study on thyroid status in clinically euthyroid non-obese, overweight, and obese type 2 diabetics. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2019; 13:22-28. [PMID: 31341452 PMCID: PMC6619454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of total bilirubin (serum) in determining thyroid status in clinically euthyroid non-obese, overweight, and obese type 2 diabetics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three anthropometry specific groups of clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics were enabled, following enrolment: 153 non-obese (body mass index [BMI] = 18.5-24.99), 291 overweight (BMI = 25-29.99), and 126 obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (BMI ≥30). Total bilirubin (serum), glycemic status, insulin resistance (IR), and thyroid hormones, besides routine biochemistry, were estimated, as per International Federation of Clinical Chemistry approved procedures. RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic curves for non-obese, overweight, and obese were plotted to assess the role of total bilirubin (serum) in determining thyroid status in clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics. In overweight, the area under curve (AUC) for FT3 and postprandial sugar showed 0.621 and 0.531 with cutoff values of 2.02 pg/ml and 147.5 mg/dl, respectively, whereas for aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (De Ritis ratio), the AUC was 0.583. As regards, obese diabetics and the AUC for insulin and homeostatic model assessment IR were 0.657 and 0.709, respectively, with cutoff values of 16.06 mIU/L and 7.274, respectively, and for postprandial sugar 0.727, in the same group (obese) with cutoff value of 208.5 mg/dl. CONCLUSION Total bilirubin could predict thyroid status and IR in anthropometry specific clinically euthyroid type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (A Constituent College of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth), Pondicherry, India
| | - Abu Raghavan Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (A Constituent College of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth), Pondicherry, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Abu Raghavan Srinivasan, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (A Constituent College of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth), Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondy-Cuddalore Main Road, Pondicherry – 607 402, India. Phone: +91-9994455627. Fax.: +91-413-2615457. E-mail:
| | - Anandraj Lokesh Maran
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (A Constituent College of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth), Pondicherry, India
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Florence ML, Jayanthi R. Improved Bayesian regularisation using neural networks based on feature selection for software defect prediction. IJCAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcat.2019.10022098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR, Niranjan G. Thyroid status in premenopausal and postmenopausal women - A biochemical study on insulin resistance in non obese, overweight and obese type 2 diabetics. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:859-862. [PMID: 29778669 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance with altered thyroid status in women is observed in type 2 diabetics and varies with advancing age and estrogen profile. We compared thyroid status between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in obese, non obese and overweight type 2 diabetes. METHODOLOGY We included 301type 2 diabetics who were segregated into premenopausal (n = 100) 33.2% and postmenopausal (n = 201) 66.8% among three sub groups (Non obese, overweight and Obese).Anthropometry, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, liver function tests, Free T4, T3, TSH, Zn2+and Mg2+ were enabled. RESULTS Non obese type 2 diabetics were segregated into two groups n = 21 (29.2%)- premenopausal with mean age of 41.48 ± 4.30 and n = 51 (70.8%) - post menopausal with mean age of 58.49 ± 7.32 There were significant differences in WHR, HbA1c, HDL with p < 0.05 and ALP with p < 0.01; Overweight type 2 diabetics n = 55 (37.9%) -premenopausal with mean age of 41.96 ± 3.80 and n = 90 (62.1%)- post menopausal with mean age of 57.80 ± 7.20. There were significant differences in Urea, Zinc, Total protein, Albumin with p < 0.05 and T4, TSH with p < 0.01. Obese Type 2 diabetics n = 24 (28.6%) -premenopausal with mean age of 42.00 ± 4.30 and n = 60 (71.4%) -post menopausal with mean age of 57.80 ± 7.20. There were significant differences in Urea, Magnesium, Triacylglycerols, and VLDL with p < 0.05, Insulin and HOMA-IR with p < 0.01. CONCLUSION Anthropometry specified classification of type 2 diabetics in pre and postmenopausal women reflects thyroid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed University accredited by NAAC with A Grade), Pondicherry, 607402, India
| | - Abu Raghavan Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed University accredited by NAAC with A Grade), Pondicherry, 607402, India.
| | - Gopal Niranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed University accredited by NAAC with A Grade), Pondicherry, 607402, India
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Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR, Gopal N, Ramaswamy R. Association of divalent cations and insulin resistance with thyroid hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S885-S890. [PMID: 28701285 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study was primarily aimed at investigating the association of Magnesium and Zinc levels in the serum of adult Non- obese and Obese type 2 diabetic patients, with particular reference to thyroid comorbidity. METHODS 108 patients with T2DM of both genders (24 Non obese and 84 Obese) were enrolled from a tertiary health care unit in Puducherry. The cardio-metabolic risk factors were assessed through body mass index, Waist hip ratio, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin. Zinc and Magnesium were quantitated. Insulin resistance was by Homeostasis model assessment. Serum free T4, T3 and TSH were also measured. RESULTS In non-obese type 2 diabetic group, Glycated haemoglobin had a strong positive correlation with free T4(r=0.784; p=0.003).TSH also depicted a positive association with HOMA-IR (r=0.924; p<0.001); whereas,T3 and Insulin had negative correlation with Magnesium (r=-0.599* and r=-0.620*; p 0.04 and 0.031). The levels of Zinc and Magnesium in the serum of obese diabetic patients had a positive correlation among them (r=0.565#; p<0.001). TAG/HDL ratio a measure of small dense LDL is positively correlated with LDL in both groups (r=0.881 and 0.912) with p value<0.001 for both. CONCLUSION Correlation among Glycemic control, Insulin resistance, Thyroid hormones, divalent cations and dyslipidemia depict differential characteristics in obese and non-obese type2 diabetes with Thyroid comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
| | - Abu Raghavan Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India.
| | - Niranjan Gopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
| | - Ramesh Ramaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
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Jayanthi R, Srinivasan AR, Hanifah M, Maran AL. Associations among Insulin Resistance, Triacylglycerol/High Density Lipoprotein (TAG/HDL ratio) and Thyroid hormone levels-A study on Type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese and overweight subjects. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S121-S126. [PMID: 28043815 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Triacylglycerol/High density lipoprotein (TAG/HDL) ratio, a surrogate marker of LDL particle size (small dense) was included in our study to observe the link with insulin resistance and thyroid co-morbidity. METHODS Ninety three patients with T2DM of both genders were enrolled from a tertiary health care unit in Puducherry, during the latter half of 2015. The cardio-metabolic risk factors were assessed through body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum free T4, T3 and TSH were also measured to evaluate the thyroid co-morbidity as a function of insulin resistance. RESULTS In addition to insulin resistance, results of our study were focussed on thyroid comorbidity. In overweight diabetic patients, the ROC curve analyses demonstrated that the best marker for insulin resistance was Triacylglycerol/High density lipoprotein (TAG/HDL), with the area under the ROC curve being 0.902. Thyroxine (T4) was less significant when compared to TAG/HDL with area under the ROC curve of 0.583. Triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 were more significant in obese group with areas under the curve being 0.842 and 0.816 respectively when compared against insulin resistance (cut-off value for HOMA-IR 2.69). The optimal cut-off points for overweight were: TAG≥101mg/dl; T4≥1.16ng/dl; TAG/HDL≥2.26 whereas for obese: TC≥163.5mg/dl; TAG≥141.5mg/dl; T3≥2.42pg/ml; T4≥0.96ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS In overweight type 2 diabetics, TAG/HDL ratio could be used as a reliable marker for insulin resistance with thyroid co-morbidity and T3, T4 were better objective markers in obese type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jayanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry 607403, India
| | - Abu Raghavan Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry 607403, India.
| | - Mohammed Hanifah
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, India
| | - Anandraj Lokesh Maran
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research, Institute Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, India
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Jayanthi R, Monica K, Raja K, Gauthaman CS, Arunkumar PP. Ataxia in a Young Female. J Assoc Physicians India 2017; 65:109-110. [PMID: 28799319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetically inherited disorder characterized by the presence of multiple central nervous system tumours, most pathognomonic being bilateral vestibular schwannomas with or without peripheral manifestations in the form of cataract or cutaneous neurofibromas. NF2 is an uncommon disorder compared to NF1. We describe a classical case of neurofibromatosis type 2 with florid clinical manifestations and characteristic neuroimaging features. We also briefly describe the literature pertaining to this rare disorder. The case also emphasizes the fact that NF2 should be considered in the list of differentials for ataxia especially when it is associated with sensory neural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayanthi
- Govt. Stanley Medical College, General Medicine Department, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - K Monica
- Govt. Stanley Medical College, General Medicine Department, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - K Raja
- Govt. Stanley Medical College, General Medicine Department, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - C S Gauthaman
- Govt. Stanley Medical College, General Medicine Department, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - P P Arunkumar
- Govt. Stanley Medical College, General Medicine Department, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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Jayanthi R, Rajan PB. Amlodipine-Induced Gingival Overgrowth. J Assoc Physicians India 2016; 64:87. [PMID: 27731568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gingival overgrowth is a common feature of periodontal diseases. Rarely it occurs as an unwanted side effect of drugs such as anticonvulsants mainly phenytoin, immunosuppressants like cyclosporine and calcium channel blockers particularly nifedipine. Among calcium channel blockers, nifedipine causes gingival overgrowth in 10% of patients whereas amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth is very limited. Here we report four cases in hypertensives on amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Boopathi Rajan
- Post Graduate, Dept. of Medicine, Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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Jayanthi R, Nasser K, Monica K. Local Anesthetics Systemic Toxicity. J Assoc Physicians India 2016; 64:92-93. [PMID: 27731571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lidocaine Hydrochloride is an amide ester, which is widely used local anesthetic agent that is well tolerated but what is less known is the occurrence of systemic toxicity which manifests in the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. We report here 3 cases of Lidocaine associated Seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayanthi
- Professor of Medicine, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | | | - K Monica
- Resident, Dept of Internal Medicine, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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Ramasubramanian T, Paramasivam M, Jayanthi R, Nirmala R. Persistence and dissipation kinetics of chlorantraniliprole 0.4G in the soil of tropical sugarcane ecosystem. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:33. [PMID: 26670042 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 % GR has been in use for managing early shoot borer and top borer of sugarcane. Persistence and dissipation kinetics of granular formulation of chlorantraniliprole were studied in the soil of tropical sugarcane ecosystem by employing simple and sensitive analytical method. Limit of quantification of the method was 0.01 mg/kg and the recovery of chlorantraniliprole was in the range of 92.3-99.7 % with RSD of 1.14-3.0 %. The initial deposit of chlorantraniliprole in the soil was 0.513 and 1.031 mg/kg for the recommended (75 g a.i./ha) and double the recommended (150 g a.i./ha) doses, respectively. The residues were quantified up to 30 days after treatment irrespective of the doses applied. Half-life (t 1/2) was 6.60 and 6.73 days, respectively, for recommended and double the recommended doses of chlorantraniliprole.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ramasubramanian
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Jayanthi
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Nirmala
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Airway management plays a pivotal role in Paediatric Anaesthesia. Over the last two decades many improvements in this area have helped us to overcome this final frontier. From an era where intubation with a conventional laryngoscope or blind nasal intubation was the only tool for airway management, we have come a long way. Today supraglottic airway devices have pride of place in the Operating Room and are becoming important airway devices used in routine procedures. Direct and indirect fibreoptic laryngoscopes and transtracheal devices help us overcome difficult and previously impossible airway situations. These developments mean that we need to update our knowledge on these devices. Also much of our basic understanding of the physiology and anatomy of the paediatric airway has changed. This article attempts to shed light on some of the most important advances/opinions in paediatric airway management like, cuffed endotracheal tubes, supraglottic airway devices, video laryngoscopes, rapid sequence intubation, the newly proposed algorithm for difficult airway management and the role of Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) procedure in the management of the neonatal airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramesh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Kanchi Kamkoti Child Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Modern anaesthesia practice in children was made possible by the invention of the endotracheal tube (ET), which made lengthy and complex surgical procedures feasible without the disastrous complications of airway obstruction, aspiration of gastric contents or asphyxia. For decades, endotracheal intubation or bag-and-mask ventilation were the mainstays of airway management. In 1983, this changed with the invention of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), the first supraglottic airway device that blended features of the facemask with those of the ET, providing ease of placement and hands-free maintenance along with a relatively secure airway. The invention and development of the LMA by Dr. Archie Brain has had a significant impact on the practice of anaesthesia, management of the difficult airway and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children and neonates. This review article will be a brief about the clinical applications of supraglottic airways in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramesh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Senior Consultants, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pallavi RV, Nepolean P, Balamurugan A, Jayanthi R, Beulah T, Premkumar R. In vitro studies of biocontrol agents and fungicides tolerance against grey blight disease in tea. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Nepolean P, Jayanthi R, Pallavi RV, Balamurugan A, Kuberan T, Beulah T, Premkumar R. Role of biofertilizers in increasing tea productivity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ravindran RD, Vashist P, K. Gupta S, S. Young I, Maraini G, Camparini M, Jayanthi R, John N, Fitzpatrick KE, Chakravarthy U, Ravilla TD, Fletcher AE. Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28588. [PMID: 22163038 PMCID: PMC3232233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies from the UK and North America have reported vitamin C deficiency in around 1 in 5 men and 1 in 9 women in low income groups. There are few data on vitamin C deficiency in resource poor countries. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in India. DESIGN We carried out a population-based cross-sectional survey in two areas of north and south India. Randomly sampled clusters were enumerated to identify people aged 60 and over. Participants (75% response rate) were interviewed for tobacco, alcohol, cooking fuel use, 24 hour diet recall and underwent anthropometry and blood collection. Vitamin C was measured using an enzyme-based assay in plasma stabilized with metaphosphoric acid. We categorised vitamin C status as deficient (<11 µmol/L), sub-optimal (11-28 µmol/L) and adequate (>28 µmol/L). We investigated factors associated with vitamin C deficiency using multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS The age, sex and season standardized prevalence of vitamin C deficiency was 73.9% (95% confidence Interval, CI 70.4,77.5) in 2668 people in north India and 45.7% (95% CI 42.5,48.9) in 2970 from south India. Only 10.8% in the north and 25.9% in the south met the criteria for adequate levels. Vitamin C deficiency varied by season, and was more prevalent in men, with increasing age, users of tobacco and biomass fuels, in those with anthropometric indicators of poor nutrition and with lower intakes of dietary vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS In poor communities, such as in our study, consideration needs to be given to measures to improve the consumption of vitamin C rich foods and to discourage the use of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praveen Vashist
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev K. Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ian S. Young
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Maraini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Otorino-Odonto-Oftalmologiche e Cervico Facciali, Sezione di Oftalmologia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Camparini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Otorino-Odonto-Oftalmologiche e Cervico Facciali, Sezione di Oftalmologia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - R. Jayanthi
- Aravind Eye Hospital Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India
| | - Neena John
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kathryn E. Fitzpatrick
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Usha Chakravarthy
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Astrid E. Fletcher
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Ravindran RD, Vashist P, Gupta SK, Young IS, Maraini G, Camparini M, Jayanthi R, John N, Fitzpatrick KE, Chakravarthy U, Ravilla TD, Fletcher AE. Inverse association of vitamin C with cataract in older people in India. Ophthalmology 2011; 118:1958-1965.e2. [PMID: 21705085 PMCID: PMC3185206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the association between vitamin C and cataract in the Indian setting. Design Population-based cross-sectional analytic study. Participants A total of 5638 people aged ≥60 years. Methods Enumeration of randomly sampled villages in 2 areas of north and south India to identify people aged ≥60 years. Participants were interviewed for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors (tobacco, alcohol, household cooking fuel, work, and diet); attended a clinical examination, including lens photography; and provided a blood sample for antioxidant analysis. Plasma vitamin C was measured using an enzyme-based assay in plasma stabilized with metaphosphoric acid, and other antioxidants were measured by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Main Outcome Measures Cataract and type of cataract were graded from digital lens images using the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III), and cataract was classified from the grade in the worse eye of ≥4 for nuclear cataract, ≥3 for cortical cataract, and ≥2 for posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). Any cataract was defined as any unoperated or operated cataract. Results Of 7518 enumerated people, 5638 (75%) provided data on vitamin C, antioxidants, and potential confounders. Vitamin C was inversely associated with cataract (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for highest to lowest quartile = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51–0.74; P=1.1×10−6). Inclusion of other antioxidants in the model (lutein, zeaxanthin, retinol, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol) made only a small attenuation to the result (OR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57–0.82; P < 0.0001). Similar results were seen with vitamin C by type of cataract: nuclear cataract (adjusted OR 0.66; CI, 0.54–0.80; P < 0.0001), cortical cataract (adjusted OR 0.70; CI, 0.54–0.90; P < 0.002), and PSC (adjusted OR 0.58; CI, 0.45–0.74; P < 0.00003). Lutein, zeaxanthin, and retinol were significantly inversely associated with cataract, but the associations were weaker and not consistently observed by type of cataract. Inverse associations were also observed for dietary vitamin C and cataract. Conclusions We found a strong association with vitamin C and cataract in a vitamin C–depleted population. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Jayanthi R, Subash P. Antioxidant effect of caffeic Acid on oxytetracycline induced lipid peroxidation in albino rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:371-5. [PMID: 21966107 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid is a well-known phenolic compound widely present in plant kingdom. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of caffeic acid (CA) against oxytetracycline (OXT) induced hepatotoxicity in male Albino Wistar rats. A total of 30 rats weighing 150-170 g were randomly divided into five groups of six rats in each group. Oral administration of OXT (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 15 days produced hepatic damage as manifested by a significant increase in serum hepatic markers namely aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin and increased plasma and hepatic lipid peroxidation indices (TBARS and hydroperoxide). The present finding shows that the levels of enzymatic antioxidants namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly decreased in OXT intoxicated rats. Upon oral administration of caffeic acid (40 mg/kg body weight/day) there were decreased hepatic marker activities, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation and increased enzymatic antioxidants in OXT + Caffeic acid group compared to Normal + OXT group(P < 0.05). Our study suggests that caffeic acid has antioxidant property and hepatoprotective ability against OXT induced toxicity.
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Khoury AE, Salomon M, Doche R, Soboh F, Ackerley C, Jayanthi R, McLorie GA, Mittelman MW. Stone formation after augmentation cystoplasty: the role of intestinal mucus. J Urol 1997; 158:1133-7. [PMID: 9258156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the role of mucus in urine after bladder augmentation and hypothesize that mucus acts as a possible etiological factor in stone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mucus was collected via centrifugation from the 24-hour urine specimens of 8 stone forming and 10 nonstone forming patients who were randomly selected from our augmentation population. The mucus and stones were lyophilized, and then analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry for calcium, phosphate, magnesium and sodium. The 24-hour urine collections were also analyzed to determine any metabolic differences between the 2 groups. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry spectra showed increased calcium, phosphate, and magnesium, and significantly higher (p < 0.05) calcium-to-phosphate ratios in the mucus of stone versus nonstone forming patients. Of the 8 stones examined all had viscous fluid (mucus) centers rich in calcium, phosphate and magnesium. Calcium-to-phosphate ratios in the corresponding mucus recovered from stone centers were similarly high. Urinary citrate levels were low in both groups, and calcium, phosphate and magnesium were within normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS Mucus appears to have an important role in the genesis of bladder stones after augmentation, possibly acting as a nidus. Metabolic changes following augmentation were similar in stone and nonstone forming populations. Our data suggest that mucous calcium-to-phosphate ratios may be predictive of future stone formation. Furthermore, there may be a benefit in instituting more aggressive measures aimed at clearing mucus from the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Khoury
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jayanthi R. Should a cystogram be carried out on every baby diagnosed as having a dilated renal pelvis, either unilateral or bilateral, before or after birth? Pediatr Nephrol 1996; 10:13. [PMID: 8611343 DOI: 10.1007/bf00863428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Jayanthi
- Section of Pediatric Urology Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205-2696, USA
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Jayanthi R. Re: Urinary incontinence due to idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. J Urol 1995; 153:1241. [PMID: 7869518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Prabhakara H, Jayanthi R, Jayanthi K. Differential tonometry in myopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 1983; 31:713. [PMID: 6676249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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