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Tiedt R, King FJ, Stamm C, Niederst MJ, Delach S, Zumstein-Mecker S, Meltzer J, Mulford IJ, Labrot E, Engstler BS, Baltschukat S, Kerr G, Golji J, Wyss D, Schnell C, Ainscow E, Engelman JA, Sellers WR, Barretina J, Caponigro G, Porta DG. Integrated CRISPR screening and drug profiling identifies combination opportunities for EGFR, ALK, and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112297. [PMID: 36961816 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor efficacy of targeted therapies is variable across patients and cancer types. Even in patients with initial deep response, tumors are typically not eradicated and eventually relapse. To address these challenges, we present a systematic screen for targets that limit the anti-tumor efficacy of EGFR and ALK inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer and BRAF/MEK inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Our approach includes genome-wide CRISPR screens with or without drugs targeting the oncogenic driver ("anchor therapy"), and large-scale pairwise combination screens of anchor therapies with 351 other drugs. Interestingly, targeting of a small number of genes, including MCL1, BCL2L1, and YAP1, sensitizes multiple cell lines to the respective anchor therapy. Data from drug combination screens with EGF816 and ceritinib indicate that dasatinib and agents disrupting microtubules act synergistically across many cell lines. Finally, we show that a higher-order-combination screen with 26 selected drugs in two resistant EGFR-mutant lung cancer cell lines identified active triplet combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederick J King
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christelle Stamm
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Niederst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Scott Delach
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jodi Meltzer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iain J Mulford
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emma Labrot
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Baltschukat
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grainne Kerr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javad Golji
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Wyss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schnell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edward Ainscow
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giordano Caponigro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diana Graus Porta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Gavory G, Ghandi M, d’Alessandro AC, Bonenfant D, Cabanski M, Cantagallo L, Chicas A, Chen Q, Diesslin A, King C, Massafra V, Narayan R, Osmont A, Peck D, Ortiz CP, Schillo M, Singh A, Tiedt R, Tortoioli S, Buonamici S, Janku F, Wallace O, Fasching B. Abstract 3449: Development of MRT-2359, an orally bioavailable GSPT1 molecular glue degrader, for the treatment of lung cancers with MYC-induced translational addiction. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MYC transcription factors are well-established drivers of human cancers but despite being amongst the most frequently altered oncogenes, no approved therapy targeting MYC-driven tumors has been developed to date. MYC-driven cancers are known to be addicted to protein translation. This addiction creates a dependency on critical components of the translational machinery providing in turn a unique opportunity for therapeutic intervention. We hypothesized that targeting the translation termination factor GSPT1, a key regulator of protein synthesis, would constitute a vulnerability for MYC-driven tumors. Herein we further describe MRT-2359 a potent, selective and orally bioavailable degrader of GSPT1. MRT-2359 was rationally designed using our QuEENTM discovery engine and optimized to achieve a profound and preferential antiproliferative activity in MYC-driven cell lines, such as high N- and L-MYC mRNA expressing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) lines. In line with expectations, MRT-2359 activity is dependent on both CRBN and the GSPT1 G-loop degron. We further demonstrate using an inducible system that the sole expression of either N- or L-MYC is sufficient to sensitize initially resistant NSCLC cells to MRT-2359. These studies therefore establish a causal link between N- and L-MYC expression and sensitivity to MRT-2359. Unlike MRT-2359, agents targeting the protein translation initiation machinery or repressing MYC transcription (CDK9 inhibitor) failed to show such differential activity. Mechanistically, RiboSeq and polysome profiling revealed that treatment with MRT-2359 in the N- or L-MYC high cell lines induces ribosome stalling at the stop codon, increased monosomes and decreased polysomes. These changes are indicative of translational repression and were confirmed using puromycilation assays. Proteomics and RNAseq studies finally demonstrated a significant reduction in the total levels of N- or L-MYC leading in turn to the downmodulation of MYC target genes. Despite robust degradation of GSPT1, no marked effect was observed in these assays in low N- or L-MYC lines, confirming the selective activity of MRT-2359 in MYC-driven lung cancers. Last, the anti-tumor activity of MRT-2359 was assessed in >80 lung patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). MRT-2359 demonstrated preferential activity in N- and L-MYC high NSCLC and SCLC PDXs, including numerous instances of tumor regressions, when dosed orally daily or intermittently. Similar levels of anti-tumor activity were also observed in neuroendocrine lung cancer and lymphoma PDXs. Together these results warrant further investigations in the clinic. Oral MRT-2359 is currently in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in selected cancer patients with MYC-driven NSCLC, SCLC, high grade neuroendocrine cancers and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (NCT05546268).
Citation Format: Gerald Gavory, Mahmoud Ghandi, Anne-Cecile d’Alessandro, Debora Bonenfant, Maciej Cabanski, Lisa Cantagallo, Agustin Chicas, Qian Chen, Anna Diesslin, Christopher King, Vittoria Massafra, Rajiv Narayan, Arnaud Osmont, Dave Peck, Carolina Perdomo Ortiz, Martin Schillo, Ambika Singh, Ralph Tiedt, Simone Tortoioli, Silvia Buonamici, Filip Janku, Owen Wallace, Bernhard Fasching. Development of MRT-2359, an orally bioavailable GSPT1 molecular glue degrader, for the treatment of lung cancers with MYC-induced translational addiction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3449.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qian Chen
- 1Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Inc., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dave Peck
- 2Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Ambika Singh
- 1Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Inc., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- 1Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Inc., Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Wolf J, Ventouras LA, Menu P, Wójtowicz A, Zou M, Diallo S, Chassot Agostinho A, Tiedt R, Mina M. 101P The landscape of MET alterations in European cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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4
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Felip E, Minotti V, Tan D, Wolf J, Mark M, Boyer M, Hughes B, Bearz A, Moro-Sibilot D, Le X, Vazquez J, Massuti B, Liu N, Hao L, Cheng Y, Tiedt R, Cobo M. P76.03 Efficacy and Safety of Capmatinib Plus Nivolumab in Pretreated Patients with EGFR Wild-Type Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tolaney SM, Im YH, Calvo E, Lu YS, Hamilton E, Forero-Torres A, Bachelot T, Maur M, Fasolo A, Tiedt R, Nardi L, Stammberger U, Abdelhady AM, Ruan S, Lee SC. Phase Ib Study of Ribociclib plus Fulvestrant and Ribociclib plus Fulvestrant plus PI3K Inhibitor (Alpelisib or Buparlisib) for HR+ Advanced Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:418-428. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Weiss A, Stauffer F, Clemens C, Möbitz H, Ragot C, Beyer KS, Calkins K, Thoma C, Guthy D, Kiffe M, Van Eerdenbrugh B, Sellers WR, Hofmann F, Tiedt R, Gaul C. Abstract 1770: A new DOT1L inhibitor with in vivo activity in mouse models of MLL-translocated leukemia. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rearrangements in the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene define a distinct, aggressive form of acute leukemia with poor prognosis. The MLL gene encodes for a SET domain histone methyl transferase that catalyzes the methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) at specific gene loci, thus regulating transcription of developmental genes including HOX genes. In disease-linked translocations, the catalytic SET domain is lost and the remaining part fused to a variety of partners, e.g. AF4, AF9, AF10 and ENL. These MLL fusion proteins directly interact with disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like protein (DOT1L), the only known H3K79 methyltransferase. The H3K79me2 mark is broadly associated with active transcription. Mislocated enzymatic activity of DOT1L causes local H3K79 hypermethylation, misexpression of leukomogenic genes, e.g. HOXA9 and MEIS1, and the aberrant maintenance of a stem cell-like state.
Current treatment options of MLL are limited to chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and outcomes remain poor. The first and only clinical DOT1L inhibitor Pinometostat (EPZ-5676), an S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM) competitive inhibitor, showed only modest activity and emerging resistance in adult acute leukemia. Pinometostat is no oral drug, but requires administration as continuous infusion to achieve sufficient exposure and sustained target inhibition. So far, there is no approved DOT1L inhibitor and the need remains to develop effective DOT1L inhibitors.
We report the identification of new SAM-competitive, structurally SAM-unrelated DOT1L inhibitors with subnanomolar biochemical potency. Compounds with nanomolar cellular activity and good exposure in mouse were tested in tumor xenograft models. Compounds 8 and 9 showed excellent blood exposure after a single dose. However, repeated dosing led to reduced exposure due to cytochrome P450 (Cyp450) 3A4 induction, insufficient pharmacodynamics (PD) and lack of efficacy. Further modification resulted in compound 10 that could be administered orally and was stable upon repeated dosing. A 300 mg/kg dose covered efficacious blood exposure for 24 h, but was not tolerated by tumor-bearing mice. Unfortunately, a 6-fold reduced dose did not achieve sufficient PD modulation and efficacy. Additional activities led to compound 11, which lost its oral bioavailability and had to be administered subcutaneously. Nevertheless, compound 11 achieved tumor growth inhibition in the MV4-11 and Molm-13 xenograft models in mice.
In conclusion, we progressed in making DOT1L inhibitors with improved PK properties, but further optimization is required to generate a viable clinical candidate. The limited efficacy obtained with compound 11 and lack of efficacy observed with subcutaneous administration of EPZ-5676 around the maximally tolerated dose illustrate the difficulty to achieve a sustained level of DOT1L inhibitor in vivo to suppress DOT1L activity sufficiently. Furthermore, H3K79me2 and efficacy in vivo seem disconnected.
Citation Format: Andreas Weiss, Frederic Stauffer, Clemens Clemens, Henrik Möbitz, Christian Ragot, Kim S. Beyer, Keith Calkins, Claudio Thoma, Daniel Guthy, Michael Kiffe, Bernard Van Eerdenbrugh, William R. Sellers, Francesco Hofmann, Ralph Tiedt, Christoph Gaul. A new DOT1L inhibitor with in vivo activity in mouse models of MLL-translocated leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1770.
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7
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Fassl A, Brain C, Abu-Remaileh M, Stukan I, Butter D, Stepien P, Feit AS, Bergholz J, Michowski W, Otto T, Sheng Q, Loo A, Michael W, Tiedt R, DeAngelis C, Schiff R, Jiang B, Jovanovic B, Nowak K, Ericsson M, Cameron M, Gray N, Dillon D, Zhao JJ, Sabatini DM, Jeselsohn R, Brown M, Polyak K, Sicinski P. Increased lysosomal biomass is responsible for the resistance of triple-negative breast cancers to CDK4/6 inhibition. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabb2210. [PMID: 32704543 PMCID: PMC7360435 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 have been approved for treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. In contrast, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are resistant to CDK4/6 inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of TNBC critically requires CDK4/6 for proliferation, and yet, these TNBC are resistant to CDK4/6 inhibition due to sequestration of CDK4/6 inhibitors into tumor cell lysosomes. This sequestration is caused by enhanced lysosomal biogenesis and increased lysosomal numbers in TNBC cells. We developed new CDK4/6 inhibitor compounds that evade the lysosomal sequestration and are efficacious against resistant TNBC. We also show that coadministration of lysosomotropic or lysosome-destabilizing compounds (an antibiotic azithromycin, an antidepressant siramesine, an antimalaria compound chloroquine) renders resistant tumor cells sensitive to currently used CDK4/6 inhibitors. Lastly, coinhibition of CDK2 arrested proliferation of CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant cells. These observations may extend the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors to TNBCs that are refractory to current anti-CDK4/6 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Brain
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Whitehead Institutes for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Iga Stukan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Deborah Butter
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Stepien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Avery S. Feit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johann Bergholz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wojciech Michowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Otto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Sheng
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alice Loo
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Walter Michael
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmine DeAngelis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Baishan Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bojana Jovanovic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karolina Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deborah Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David M. Sabatini
- Whitehead Institutes for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Delord JP, Argilés G, Fayette J, Wirth L, Kasper S, Siena S, Mesia R, Berardi R, Cervantes A, Dekervel J, Zhao S, Sun Y, Hao HX, Tiedt R, Vicente S, Myers A, Siu LL. A phase 1b study of the MET inhibitor capmatinib combined with cetuximab in patients with MET-positive colorectal cancer who had progressed following anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1774-1783. [PMID: 32410080 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Overcoming resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in patients with KRAS wildtype (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) could help meet the needs of patients with limited treatment options. Methods In this phase 1b study, patients with N/KRAS WT, MET-positive mCRC who had progressed following anti-EGFR mAb treatment received escalating oral doses of capmatinib (150, 300, and 400 mg) twice daily plus weekly intravenous cetuximab (at the approved dose). The primary objective was to establish a recommended dose for expansion (RDE) of capmatinib in combination with cetuximab. Safety, preliminary activity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were also explored. Results Thirteen patients were enrolled. No patients experienced a dose-limiting toxicity at investigated doses; the RDE was established as capmatinib 400 mg twice daily plus cetuximab. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs) suspected to be related to the study treatment. Five patients (38.5%) reported study-drug-related AEs of grade 3/4 in severity. No patients achieved a complete or partial response according to RECIST v1.1; however, tumor shrinkage of 29-44% was observed in 4 patients. Conclusions Capmatinib plus cetuximab was well tolerated. Preliminary signs of activity were observed. Further investigation is warranted to obtain efficacy data and refine predictive biomarkers of response. Clinical trial registration NCT02205398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Delord
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT) - Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Guillem Argilés
- Gastrointestinal Malignancies Division, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lori Wirth
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ricard Mesia
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institut of Oncology - Hospitalet, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche-Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jeroen Dekervel
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Zhao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Xiang Hao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Vicente
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Myers
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Kim S, Tiedt R, Loo A, Horn T, Delach S, Kovats S, Haas K, Engstler BS, Cao A, Pinzon-Ortiz M, Mulford I, Acker MG, Chopra R, Brain C, Tomaso ED, Sellers WR, Caponigro G. Correction: The potent and selective cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitor ribociclib (LEE011) is a versatile combination partner in preclinical cancer models. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1289. [PMID: 32292577 PMCID: PMC7147087 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26215.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland, USA
| | - Alice Loo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Horn
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Delach
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven Kovats
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristy Haas
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Cao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Pinzon-Ortiz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iain Mulford
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael G Acker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Brain
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle di Tomaso
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giordano Caponigro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
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10
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Dafflon C, Gaulis S, Barys L, Kapur K, Cornacchione V, Schukur L, Bergling S, Traggiai E, Jansky S, Hellmann L, Engstler BS, Kerr G, de Weck A, Ruddy DA, Naumann U, Stauffer F, Gaul C, Lin Y, Billy E, Weiss A, Hofmann F, Ito M, Tiedt R. DOT1L inhibition is lethal for multiple myeloma due to perturbation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Oncotarget 2020; 11:956-968. [PMID: 32215184 PMCID: PMC7082114 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone 3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase (HMT) DOT1L is known to play a critical role for growth and survival of MLL-rearranged leukemia. Serendipitous observations during high-throughput drug screens indicated that the use of DOT1L inhibitors might be expandable to multiple myeloma (MM). Through pharmacologic and genetic experiments, we could validate that DOT1L is essential for growth and viability of a subset of MM cell lines, in line with a recent report from another team. In vivo activity against established MM xenografts was observed with a novel DOT1L inhibitor. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of the dependency in MM, we examined gene expression changes upon DOT1L inhibition in sensitive and insensitive cell lines and discovered that genes belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and protein synthesis machinery were specifically suppressed in sensitive cells. Whole-genome CRISPR screens in the presence or absence of a DOT1L inhibitor revealed that concomitant targeting of the H3K4me3 methyltransferase SETD1B increases the effect of DOT1L inhibition. Our results provide a strong basis for further investigating DOT1L and SETD1B as targets in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dafflon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Swann Gaulis
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louise Barys
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lina Schukur
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Selina Jansky
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leon Hellmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Grainne Kerr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine de Weck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrike Naumann
- NIBR Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ying Lin
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric Billy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moriko Ito
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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van den Bent M, Azaro A, De Vos F, Sepulveda J, Yung WKA, Wen PY, Lassman AB, Joerger M, Tabatabai G, Rodon J, Tiedt R, Zhao S, Kirsilae T, Cheng Y, Vicente S, Balbin OA, Zhang H, Wick W. A Phase Ib/II, open-label, multicenter study of INC280 (capmatinib) alone and in combination with buparlisib (BKM120) in adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 146:79-89. [PMID: 31776899 PMCID: PMC6938467 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or identify the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D) for combined INC280 and buparlisib in patients with recurrent glioblastoma with homozygous phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion, mutation or protein loss. METHODS This multicenter, open-label, Phase Ib/II study included adult patients with glioblastoma with mesenchymal-epithelial transcription factor (c-Met) amplification. In Phase Ib, patients received INC280 as capsules or tablets in combination with buparlisib. In Phase II, patients received INC280 only. Response was assessed centrally using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology response criteria for high-grade gliomas. All adverse events (AEs) were recorded and graded. RESULTS 33 patients entered Phase Ib, 32 with altered PTEN. RP2D was not declared due to potential drug-drug interactions, which may have resulted in lack of efficacy; thus, Phase II, including 10 patients, was continued with INC280 monotherapy only. Best response was stable disease in 30% of patients. In the selected patient population, enrollment was halted due to limited activity with INC280 monotherapy. In Phase Ib, the most common treatment-related AEs were fatigue (36.4%), nausea (30.3%) and increased alanine aminotransferase (30.3%). MTD was identified at INC280 Tab 300 mg twice daily + buparlisib 80 mg once daily. In Phase II, the most common AEs were headache (40.0%), constipation (30.0%), fatigue (30.0%) and increased lipase (30.0%). CONCLUSION The combination of INC280/buparlisib resulted in no clear activity in patients with recurrent PTEN-deficient glioblastoma. More stringent molecular selection strategies might produce better outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01870726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van den Bent
- Erasmus University Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Analia Azaro
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit (UITM), Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filip De Vos
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Lassman
- Department of Neurology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Sylvia Zhao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yi Cheng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Shanghai, China
| | | | - O Alejandro Balbin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (United States), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hefei Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Shanghai, China
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Stauffer F, Weiss A, Scheufler C, Möbitz H, Ragot C, Beyer KS, Calkins K, Guthy D, Kiffe M, Van Eerdenbrugh B, Tiedt R, Gaul C. New Potent DOT1L Inhibitors for in Vivo Evaluation in Mouse. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1655-1660. [PMID: 31857842 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In MLL-rearranged cancer cells, disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like protein (DOT1L) is aberrantly recruited to ectopic loci leading to local hypermethylation of H3K79 and consequently misexpression of leukemogenic genes. A structure-guided optimization of a HTS hit led to the discovery of DOT1L inhibitors with subnanomolar potency, allowing testing of the therapeutic principle of DOT1L inhibition in a preclinical mouse tumor xenograft model. Compounds displaying good exposure in mouse and nanomolar inhibition of target gene expression in cells were obtained and tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Stauffer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Scheufler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Möbitz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ragot
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kim S. Beyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keith Calkins
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Guthy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kiffe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gaul
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Qin S, Chan SL, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Han G, Choo SP, Sriuranpong V, Pan H, Yau T, Guo Y, Chen M, Ren Z, Xu J, Yen CJ, Lin ZZ, Manenti L, Gu Y, Sun Y, Tiedt R, Hao L, Song W, Tanwandee T. A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of the MET inhibitor capmatinib (INC280) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919889001. [PMID: 31853265 PMCID: PMC6906348 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919889001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objectives of this phase II study were to determine the clinical activity of the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor capmatinib (INC280) in patients with MET-dysregulated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and correlation of biomarkers with the response. Methods This phase II, open-label, single-arm study evaluated twice daily (BID) oral capmatinib in a dose-determining stage, utilizing a Bayesian Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) subject to Escalation with Overdose Control criteria, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic information to determine a recommended dose for expansion (RDE) evaluating efficacy in patients with MET-dysregulated HCC. Results A total of 38 patients received treatment. In the dose-determining stage, patients received capmatinib 300 mg BID capsules (n = 8), and in the expansion, patients received 600 mg BID capsules (n = 28) or 400 mg BID tablets (n = 2) based on the BLRM and other relevant clinical data. No predefined qualifying adverse events (AEs) were observed during the first 28 days of treatment, and the RDE was 600 mg BID capsules (equivalent pharmacokinetics to 400 mg BID tablets). The most common any causality AEs were nausea (42%), vomiting (37%), and diarrhea (34%). In the expansion stage, in a subgroup of 10 patients with MET-high HCC, the overall response rate was 30%, including 1 durable complete response (>600 days) and 2 partial responses [1 durable (>600 days)]. Conclusions Single agent capmatinib at the RDE is tolerable with a manageable safety profile. Antitumor activity was seen in a subset of patients with MET-dysregulated (MET-high) HCC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01737827. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01737827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukui Qin
- PLA Cancer Center, Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Stephen Lam Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Guohong Han
- Department of Liver Disease and Digestive Interventional Radiology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Su Pin Choo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore
| | - Virote Sriuranpong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Yau
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yabing Guo
- Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minshan Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City
| | - Zhong-Zhe Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City
| | - Luigi Manenti
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Yi Gu
- PK Sciences, China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Translational Clinical Oncology, China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Lu Hao
- Translational Clinical Oncology, China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Song
- Translational Clinical Oncology, China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Tawesak Tanwandee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Chapeau EA, Mandon E, Gill J, Romanet V, Ebel N, Powajbo V, Andraos-Rey R, Qian Z, Kininis M, Zumstein-Mecker S, Ito M, Hynes NE, Tiedt R, Hofmann F, Eshkind L, Bockamp E, Kinzel B, Mueller M, Murakami M, Baffert F, Radimerski T. A conditional inducible JAK2V617F transgenic mouse model reveals myeloproliferative disease that is reversible upon switching off transgene expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221635. [PMID: 31600213 PMCID: PMC6786561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is thought to be the critical event in the pathogenesis of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. The most frequent genetic alteration in these pathologies is the activating JAK2V617F mutation, and expression of the mutant gene in mouse models was shown to cause a phenotype resembling the human diseases. Given the body of genetic evidence, it has come as a sobering finding that JAK inhibitor therapy only modestly suppresses the JAK2V617F allele burden, despite showing clear benefits in terms of reducing splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients. To gain a better understanding if JAK2V617F is required for maintenance of myeloproliferative disease once it has evolved, we generated a conditional inducible transgenic JAK2V617F mouse model using the SCL-tTA-2S tet-off system. Our model corroborates that expression of JAK2V617F in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells recapitulates key hallmarks of human myeloproliferative neoplasms, and exhibits gender differences in disease manifestation. The disease was found to be transplantable, and importantly, reversible when transgenic JAK2V617F expression was switched off. Our results indicate that mutant JAK2V617F-specific inhibitors should result in profound disease modification by disabling the myeloproliferative clone bearing mutant JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A. Chapeau
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Emeline Mandon
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Gill
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Romanet
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ebel
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Violetta Powajbo
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Andraos-Rey
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiyan Qian
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miltos Kininis
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Moriko Ito
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nancy E. Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Eshkind
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kinzel
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Mueller
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masato Murakami
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Baffert
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Baltschukat S, Engstler BS, Huang A, Hao HX, Tam A, Wang HQ, Liang J, DiMare MT, Bhang HEC, Wang Y, Furet P, Sellers WR, Hofmann F, Schoepfer J, Tiedt R. Capmatinib (INC280) Is Active Against Models of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Cancer Types with Defined Mechanisms of MET Activation. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3164-3175. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Kim S, Tiedt R, Loo A, Horn T, Delach S, Kovats S, Haas K, Engstler BS, Cao A, Pinzon-Ortiz M, Mulford I, Acker MG, Chopra R, Brain C, di Tomaso E, Sellers WR, Caponigro G. The potent and selective cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitor ribociclib (LEE011) is a versatile combination partner in preclinical cancer models. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35226-35240. [PMID: 30443290 PMCID: PMC6219668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is associated with robust antitumor activity. Ribociclib (LEE011) is an orally bioavailable CDK4/6 inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer, in combination with an aromatase inhibitor, and is currently being evaluated in several additional trials. Here, we report the preclinical profile of ribociclib. When tested across a large panel of kinase active site binding assays, ribociclib and palbociclib were highly selective for CDK4, while abemaciclib showed affinity to several other kinases. Both ribociclib and abemaciclib showed slightly higher potency in CDK4-dependent cells than in CDK6-dependent cells, while palbociclib did not show such a difference. Profiling CDK4/6 inhibitors in large-scale cancer cell line screens in vitro confirmed that RB1 loss of function is a negative predictor of sensitivity. We also found that routinely used cellular viability assays measuring adenosine triphosphate levels as a proxy for cell numbers underestimated the effects of CDK4/6 inhibition, which contrasts with assays that assess cell number more directly. Robust antitumor efficacy and combination benefit was detected when ribociclib was added to encorafenib, nazartinib, or endocrine therapies in patient-derived xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland, USA
| | - Alice Loo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Horn
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Delach
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven Kovats
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristy Haas
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Cao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Pinzon-Ortiz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iain Mulford
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael G Acker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Brain
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle di Tomaso
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giordano Caponigro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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van den Bent M, Azaro A, Vos F, Sepulveda J, Yung WKA, Wen P, Lassman A, Joerger M, Tabatabai G, Rodon J, Tiedt R, Zhao S, Kirsilae T, Vicente S, Myers A, Wick W. ACTR-74. A PHASE IB/II, OPEN-LABEL, MULTICENTER STUDY OF CAPMATINIB (INC280) ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH BUPARLISIB (BKM120) IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dafflon
- Ralph Tiedt: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Ralph Tiedt: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Schwaller
- Ralph Tiedt: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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McDonald ER, de Weck A, Schlabach MR, Billy E, Mavrakis KJ, Hoffman GR, Belur D, Castelletti D, Frias E, Gampa K, Golji J, Kao I, Li L, Megel P, Perkins TA, Ramadan N, Ruddy DA, Silver SJ, Sovath S, Stump M, Weber O, Widmer R, Yu J, Yu K, Yue Y, Abramowski D, Ackley E, Barrett R, Berger J, Bernard JL, Billig R, Brachmann SM, Buxton F, Caothien R, Caushi JX, Chung FS, Cortés-Cros M, deBeaumont RS, Delaunay C, Desplat A, Duong W, Dwoske DA, Eldridge RS, Farsidjani A, Feng F, Feng J, Flemming D, Forrester W, Galli GG, Gao Z, Gauter F, Gibaja V, Haas K, Hattenberger M, Hood T, Hurov KE, Jagani Z, Jenal M, Johnson JA, Jones MD, Kapoor A, Korn J, Liu J, Liu Q, Liu S, Liu Y, Loo AT, Macchi KJ, Martin T, McAllister G, Meyer A, Mollé S, Pagliarini RA, Phadke T, Repko B, Schouwey T, Shanahan F, Shen Q, Stamm C, Stephan C, Stucke VM, Tiedt R, Varadarajan M, Venkatesan K, Vitari AC, Wallroth M, Weiler J, Zhang J, Mickanin C, Myer VE, Porter JA, Lai A, Bitter H, Lees E, Keen N, Kauffmann A, Stegmeier F, Hofmann F, Schmelzle T, Sellers WR. Project DRIVE: A Compendium of Cancer Dependencies and Synthetic Lethal Relationships Uncovered by Large-Scale, Deep RNAi Screening. Cell 2017; 170:577-592.e10. [PMID: 28753431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the mutational landscape of human cancer has progressed rapidly and been accompanied by the development of therapeutics targeting mutant oncogenes. However, a comprehensive mapping of cancer dependencies has lagged behind and the discovery of therapeutic targets for counteracting tumor suppressor gene loss is needed. To identify vulnerabilities relevant to specific cancer subtypes, we conducted a large-scale RNAi screen in which viability effects of mRNA knockdown were assessed for 7,837 genes using an average of 20 shRNAs per gene in 398 cancer cell lines. We describe findings of this screen, outlining the classes of cancer dependency genes and their relationships to genetic, expression, and lineage features. In addition, we describe robust gene-interaction networks recapitulating both protein complexes and functional cooperation among complexes and pathways. This dataset along with a web portal is provided to the community to assist in the discovery and translation of new therapeutic approaches for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Robert McDonald
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Antoine de Weck
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Michael R Schlabach
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Eric Billy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Konstantinos J Mavrakis
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Gregory R Hoffman
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Dhiren Belur
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Deborah Castelletti
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Elizabeth Frias
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Kalyani Gampa
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Philippe Megel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Roger Caothien
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Tami Hood
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Mathias Jenal
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Jennifer A Johnson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Michael D Jones
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Avnish Kapoor
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Qiumei Liu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Emma Lees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel 4002, Switzerland; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; and Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Goyal L, Saha SK, Liu LY, Siravegna G, Leshchiner I, Ahronian LG, Lennerz JK, Vu P, Mussolin B, Reyes S, Furet P, Iafrate AJ, Getz G, Porta DG, Tiedt R, Bardelli A, Juric D, Corcoran RB, Bardeesy N, Zhu AX. Abstract 4114: Polyclonal secondary FGFR2 mutations drive acquired resistance to FGFR inhibition in FGFR2 fusion-positive cholangiocarcinoma patients. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway are promising therapeutic targets in a broad range of cancers and occur in ~20% of ICCs. As seen with other targeted therapies, however, acquired resistance has limited the efficacy of selective FGFR kinase inhibitors such as BGJ398. In a phase II trial of patients with advanced refractory cholangiocarcinoma harboring an FGFR gene alteration, BGJ398 displayed an overall response rate of 22%, but the durability of response was short in some patients. We report the molecular basis of acquired resistance in 4 patients with advanced FGFR2-fusion positive ICC via integrative genomic characterization of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA), the primary tumor, and metastases. Each patient enjoyed an initial response, but all subsequently progressed within 10 months. Serial analysis of cfDNA revealed multiple point mutations in the FGFR2 kinase domain at progression (Table 1). The gatekeeper mutation, p. V564F, sterically hinders drug binding and was identified in 3 of 4 patients. In patient #1, five different FGFR2 mutations were detected in the post-progression cfDNA but only one, p. K641R, was identified in the post-progression biopsy. A rapid autopsy was performed, and genomic characterization of 12 metastatic lesions revealed marked inter- and intra-lesional heterogeneity, with different FGFR2 mutations in individual resistant clones. Molecular modeling and in vitro studies indicated that each mutation lead to BGJ398 resistance that was surmountable by structurally distinct FGFR inhibitors. Thus, our report provides the first genetic evidence of clinical acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitor therapy in patients and informs future strategies for detecting mechanisms of resistance and promoting more durable remissions.
Clinical and Molecular Data on Patients with Advanced Refractory CCA treated with BGJ398Patient IDSexAge at Diagnosis (years)FGFR2 Fusion partnerMaximum ResponseProgression Free Survival on BGJ398 (months)Overall Survival since Diagnosis (months)FGFR2 Mutations on cfDNA at progression1F47OPTN28%3.632V564F, N549H, K641R, E565A, L617V2F59ZMYMY450%5.631V564F, N549H/K, E565A, K659M3F69SORBS168%12.650K659M, K714R4M43BICC137%7.418V564F
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Lipika Goyal, Supriya K. Saha, Leah Y. Liu, Giulia Siravegna, Ignaty Leshchiner, Leanne G. Ahronian, Jochen K. Lennerz, Phuong Vu, Benedetta Mussolin, Stephanie Reyes, Pascal Furet, A. John Iafrate, Gad Getz, Diana G. Porta, Ralph Tiedt, Alberto Bardelli, Dejan Juric, Ryan B. Corcoran, Nabeel Bardeesy, Andrew X. Zhu. Polyclonal secondary FGFR2 mutations drive acquired resistance to FGFR inhibition in FGFR2 fusion-positive cholangiocarcinoma patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4114. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4114
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Phuong Vu
- 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Pascal Furet
- 5Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Diana G. Porta
- 5Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- 5Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Switzerland
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Möbitz H, Machauer R, Holzer P, Vaupel A, Stauffer F, Ragot C, Caravatti G, Scheufler C, Fernandez C, Hommel U, Tiedt R, Beyer KS, Chen C, Zhu H, Gaul C. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Structurally Novel Dot1L Inhibitors by a Fragment Linking Approach. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:338-343. [PMID: 28337327 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Misdirected catalytic activity of histone methyltransferase Dot1L is believed to be causative for a subset of highly aggressive acute leukemias. Targeting the catalytic domain of Dot1L represents a potential therapeutic approach for these leukemias. In the context of a comprehensive Dot1L hit finding strategy, a knowledge-based virtual screen of the Dot1L SAM binding pocket led to the discovery of 2, a non-nucleoside fragment mimicking key interactions of SAM bound to Dot1L. Fragment linking of 2 and 3, an induced back pocket binder identified in earlier studies, followed by careful ligand optimization led to the identification of 7, a highly potent, selective and structurally novel Dot1L inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Möbitz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Holzer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Vaupel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Stauffer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ragot
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Caravatti
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Scheufler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cesar Fernandez
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Hommel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kim S. Beyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chao Chen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hugh Zhu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Christoph Gaul
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Goyal L, Saha SK, Liu LY, Siravegna G, Leshchiner I, Ahronian LG, Lennerz JK, Vu P, Deshpande V, Kambadakone A, Mussolin B, Reyes S, Henderson L, Sun JE, Van Seventer EE, Gurski JM, Baltschukat S, Schacher-Engstler B, Barys L, Stamm C, Furet P, Ryan DP, Stone JR, Iafrate AJ, Getz G, Porta DG, Tiedt R, Bardelli A, Juric D, Corcoran RB, Bardeesy N, Zhu AX. Polyclonal Secondary FGFR2 Mutations Drive Acquired Resistance to FGFR Inhibition in Patients with FGFR2 Fusion-Positive Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2016; 7:252-263. [PMID: 28034880 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway are promising therapeutic targets in many cancers, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 displayed encouraging efficacy in patients with FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC in a phase II trial, but the durability of response was limited in some patients. Here, we report the molecular basis for acquired resistance to BGJ398 in three patients via integrative genomic characterization of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA), primary tumors, and metastases. Serial analysis of cfDNA demonstrated multiple recurrent point mutations in the FGFR2 kinase domain at progression. Accordingly, biopsy of post-progression lesions and rapid autopsy revealed marked inter- and intralesional heterogeneity, with different FGFR2 mutations in individual resistant clones. Molecular modeling and in vitro studies indicated that each mutation led to BGJ398 resistance and was surmountable by structurally distinct FGFR inhibitors. Thus, polyclonal secondary FGFR2 mutations represent an important clinical resistance mechanism that may guide the development of future therapeutic strategies.Significance: We report the first genetic mechanisms of clinical acquired resistance to FGFR inhibition in patients with FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC. Our findings can inform future strategies for detecting resistance mechanisms and inducing more durable remissions in ICC and in the wide variety of cancers where the FGFR pathway is being explored as a therapeutic target. Cancer Discov; 7(3); 252-63. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Smyth et al., p. 248This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Goyal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Supriya K Saha
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leah Y Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giulia Siravegna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milano, Italy
| | - Ignaty Leshchiner
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leanne G Ahronian
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phuong Vu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stephanie Reyes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Henderson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiaoyuan Elisabeth Sun
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily E Van Seventer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph M Gurski
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabrina Baltschukat
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Louise Barys
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Stamm
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David P Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Getz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Diana Graus Porta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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23
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Dafflon C, Craig VJ, Méreau H, Gräsel J, Schacher Engstler B, Hoffman G, Nigsch F, Gaulis S, Barys L, Ito M, Aguadé-Gorgorió J, Bornhauser B, Bourquin JP, Proske A, Stork-Fux C, Murakami M, Sellers WR, Hofmann F, Schwaller J, Tiedt R. Complementary activities of DOT1L and Menin inhibitors in MLL-rearranged leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:1269-1277. [PMID: 27840424 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL/KMT2A) gene leading to oncogenic MLL-fusion proteins occur in ~10% of acute leukemias and are associated with poor clinical outcomes, emphasizing the need for new treatment modalities. Inhibition of the DOT1-like histone H3K79 methyltransferase (DOT1L) is a specific therapeutic approach for such leukemias that is currently being tested in clinical trials. However, in most MLL-rearranged leukemia models responses to DOT1L inhibitors are limited. Here, we performed deep-coverage short hairpin RNA sensitizer screens in DOT1L inhibitor-treated MLL-rearranged leukemia cell lines and discovered that targeting additional nodes of MLL complexes concomitantly with DOT1L inhibition bears great potential for superior therapeutic results. Most notably, combination of a DOT1L inhibitor with an inhibitor of the MLL-Menin interaction markedly enhanced induction of differentiation and cell killing in various MLL disease models including primary leukemia cells, while sparing normal hematopoiesis and leukemias without MLL rearrangements. Gene expression analysis on human and murine leukemic cells revealed that target genes of MLL-fusion proteins and MYC were suppressed more profoundly upon combination treatment. Our findings provide a strong rationale for a novel targeted combination therapy that is expected to improve therapeutic outcomes in patients with MLL-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dafflon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - V J Craig
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Méreau
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Gräsel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Schacher Engstler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Hoffman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - F Nigsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Gaulis
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Barys
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ito
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Aguadé-Gorgorió
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Bornhauser
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J-P Bourquin
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Proske
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Stork-Fux
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Murakami
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - F Hofmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Chen C, Zhu H, Stauffer F, Caravatti G, Vollmer S, Machauer R, Holzer P, Möbitz H, Scheufler C, Klumpp M, Tiedt R, Beyer KS, Calkins K, Guthy D, Kiffe M, Zhang J, Gaul C. Discovery of Novel Dot1L Inhibitors through a Structure-Based Fragmentation Approach. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:735-40. [PMID: 27563395 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic MLL fusion proteins aberrantly recruit Dot1L, a histone methyltransferase, to ectopic loci, leading to local hypermethylation of H3K79 and misexpression of HoxA genes driving MLL-rearranged leukemias. Inhibition of the methyltransferase activity of Dot1L in this setting is predicted to reverse aberrant H3K79 methylation, leading to repression of leukemogenic genes and tumor growth inhibition. In the context of our Dot1L drug discovery program, high-throughput screening led to the identification of 2, a weak Dot1L inhibitor with an unprecedented, induced pocket binding mode. A medicinal chemistry campaign, strongly guided by structure-based consideration and ligand-based morphing, enabled the discovery of 12 and 13, potent, selective, and structurally completely novel Dot1L inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hugh Zhu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Frédéric Stauffer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Caravatti
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Vollmer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Holzer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Möbitz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Scheufler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Klumpp
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kim S. Beyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keith Calkins
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Guthy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kiffe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeff Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Christoph Gaul
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Scheufler C, Möbitz H, Gaul C, Ragot C, Be C, Fernández C, Beyer KS, Tiedt R, Stauffer F. Optimization of a Fragment-Based Screening Hit toward Potent DOT1L Inhibitors Interacting in an Induced Binding Pocket. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:730-4. [PMID: 27563394 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangement induces leukemic transformation by ectopic recruitment of disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like protein (DOT1L), a lysine histone methyltransferase, leading to local hypermethylation of H3K79 and misexpression of genes (including HoxA), which drive the leukemic phenotype. A weak fragment-based screening hit identified by SPR was cocrystallized with DOT1L and optimized using structure-based ligand optimization to yield compound 8 (IC50 = 14 nM). This series of inhibitors is structurally not related to cofactor SAM and is not interacting within the SAM binding pocket but induces a pocket adjacent to the SAM binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Scheufler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Möbitz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gaul
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ragot
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Be
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - César Fernández
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kim S. Beyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Stauffer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Keir ST, Roskoski MA, Wagner S, Tiedt R, Bigner DD, Friedman HS. Abstract 2079: Antitumoral activity of INC280 against adult glioblastoma brain tumors xenografts. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: INC280 is an oral, highly selective c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-c-Met pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in human cancers. Aberrant HGF-c-Met signaling has been documented in a wide range of human malignancies. The c-Met pathway can be activated by abnormal HGF and c-Met expression levels, c-Met activating mutations and gene amplifications. At this time, INC280 is in development for the treatment of solid tumors with activation of the c-Met pathway. As a part of this study, we looked at the antitumoral activity of INC280 in adult glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumor xenografts with elevated levels of Met or HGF expression.
METHODS: Met expression and copy number was determined by ELISA and qPCR, HGF mRNA by RT-qPCR. Adult GBM tumor xenografts were grown subcutaneously in athymic BALB/c mice. After tumor size reached 200-500 mm3 subcutaneously, groups of 10 mice were randomly treated with either drug vehicle/control or INC280 (10mg/kg BID) PO for 30 days. Tumor responses for subcutaneous xenografts were assessed by tumor growth delay and regression.
RESULTS: Based on activation of the c-Met pathway, the following two xenograft lines were selected for treatment with INC280: D-09-0337 MG and D-09-0477 MG. As a single agent, INC280 demonstrated statistically significant (p<0.001) growth delays of 40.23 and 30.13 days in D-09-0337 MG and D-09-0477 MG, respectively. In addition, when treated with INC280, tumors implanted with D-09-0337 MG (10 out of 10) or D-09-0477 MG (4 out of 10) regressed.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of the inhibition of a c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase in adult brain tumor xenografts with activation of the c-Met pathway. These results warrant further exploration of INC280 in clinical trials for the treatment of adult brain tumor patients with dysregulated proto-oncogene c-Met and its ligand HGF.
Citation Format: Stephen T. Keir, Martin A. Roskoski, Sabrina Wagner, Ralph Tiedt, Darell D. Bigner, Henry S. Friedman. Antitumoral activity of INC280 against adult glioblastoma brain tumors xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2079. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2079
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Keir
- 1The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Martin A. Roskoski
- 1The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Darell D. Bigner
- 1The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Henry S. Friedman
- 1The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
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27
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Harbinski F, Craig VJ, Sanghavi S, Jeffery D, Liu L, Sheppard KA, Wagner S, Stamm C, Buness A, Chatenay-Rivauday C, Yao Y, He F, Lu CX, Guagnano V, Metz T, Finan PM, Hofmann F, Sellers WR, Porter JA, Myer VE, Graus-Porta D, Wilson CJ, Buckler A, Tiedt R. Rescue Screens with Secreted Proteins Reveal Compensatory Potential of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Driving Cancer Growth. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:948-59. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Weigert O, Lane AA, Bird L, Kopp N, Chapuy B, van Bodegom D, Toms AV, Marubayashi S, Christie AL, McKeown M, Paranal RM, Bradner JE, Yoda A, Gaul C, Vangrevelinghe E, Romanet V, Murakami M, Tiedt R, Ebel N, Evrot E, De Pover A, Régnier CH, Erdmann D, Hofmann F, Eck MJ, Sallan SE, Levine RL, Kung AL, Baffert F, Radimerski T, Weinstock DM. Genetic resistance to JAK2 enzymatic inhibitors is overcome by HSP90 inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:259-73. [PMID: 22271575 PMCID: PMC3280877 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) are in clinical development for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with rearrangements of the cytokine receptor subunit cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2), and other tumors with constitutive JAK2 signaling. In this study, we identify G935R, Y931C, and E864K mutations within the JAK2 kinase domain that confer resistance across a panel of JAK inhibitors, whether present in cis with JAK2 V617F (observed in MPNs) or JAK2 R683G (observed in B-ALL). G935R, Y931C, and E864K do not reduce the sensitivity of JAK2-dependent cells to inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which promote the degradation of both wild-type and mutant JAK2. HSP90 inhibitors were 100-1,000-fold more potent against CRLF2-rearranged B-ALL cells, which correlated with JAK2 degradation and more extensive blockade of JAK2/STAT5, MAP kinase, and AKT signaling. In addition, the HSP90 inhibitor AUY922 prolonged survival of mice xenografted with primary human CRLF2-rearranged B-ALL further than an enzymatic JAK2 inhibitor. Thus, HSP90 is a promising therapeutic target in JAK2-driven cancers, including those with genetic resistance to JAK enzymatic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Weigert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Tiedt R, Degenkolbe E, Furet P, Appleton BA, Wagner S, Schoepfer J, Buck E, Ruddy DA, Monahan JE, Jones MD, Blank J, Haasen D, Drueckes P, Wartmann M, McCarthy C, Sellers WR, Hofmann F. A drug resistance screen using a selective MET inhibitor reveals a spectrum of mutations that partially overlap with activating mutations found in cancer patients. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5255-64. [PMID: 21697284 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance is a primary concern in any cancer treatment, including with targeted kinase inhibitors as exemplified by the appearance of Bcr-Abl point mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with imatinib. In vitro approaches to identify resistance mutations in Bcr-Abl have yielded mutation spectra that faithfully recapitulated clinical observations. To predict resistance mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase MET that could emerge during inhibitor treatment in patients, we conducted a resistance screen in BaF3 TPR-MET cells using the novel selective MET inhibitor NVP-BVU972. The observed spectrum of mutations in resistant cells was dominated by substitutions of tyrosine 1230 but also included other missense mutations and partially overlapped with activating MET mutations that were previously described in cancer patients. Cocrystallization of the MET kinase domain in complex with NVP-BVU972 revealed a key role for Y1230 in binding of NVP-BVU972, as previously reported for multiple other selective MET inhibitors. A second resistance screen in the same format with the MET inhibitor AMG 458 yielded a distinct spectrum of mutations rich in F1200 alterations, which is consistent with a different predicted binding mode. Our findings suggest that amino acid substitutions in the MET kinase domain of cancer patients need to be carefully monitored before and during treatment with MET inhibitors, as resistance may preexist or emerge. Compounds binding in the same manner as NVP-BVU972 might be particularly susceptible to the development of resistance through mutations in Y1230, a condition that may be addressed by MET inhibitors with alternative binding modes.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Aminopyridines/metabolism
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Point Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Pyrazoles/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Quinolines/metabolism
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Growth Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Tiedt R, Degenkolbe E, Furet P, Appleton BA, Schoepfer J, Ruddy D, Monahan J, Jones MD, Blank J, Haasen D, Drueckes P, Wartmann M, McCarthy C, Hofmann F. Abstract 4738: Cellular resistance screening with a novel selective c-Met inhibitor reveals a spectrum of missense mutations that partially overlap with activating mutations found in cancer patients. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Emergence of resistance is a major concern when treating cancer patients with targeted kinase inhibitors, as exemplified by the appearance of point mutations in Bcr-Abl in CML patients treated with imatinib or a secondary EGFR-T790M mutation in lung cancer patients treated with gefitinib or erlotinib. In vitro approaches to identify resistance mutations in Bcr-Abl have yielded mutation spectra that faithfully recapitulated clinical observations.
In order to predict resistance mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met that could emerge during inhibitor treatment in patients, we performed a resistance screen in BaF3 cells transformed with Tpr-Met using the novel selective c-Met inhibitor NVP-BVU972. The observed spectrum of mutations in resistant cells was dominated by substitutions of the residue Y1230 in the activation loop of the c-Met kinase domain, but also included other missense mutations. Intriguingly, some of the c-Met resistance mutations observed in this cellular screen were identical with previously described activating mutations in cancer patients that interfere with inhibitory interactions in the inactive conformation. Co-crystallization of the c-Met kinase domain in complex with NVP-BVU972 revealed a key role for Y1230 in binding of NVP-BVU972. This binding mode has also been reported for multiple other selective c-Met inhibitors, some of which have entered clinical trials, suggesting a broader relevance of the resistance profile obtained with NVP-BVU972.
A second resistance screen in the same format with the c-Met inhibitor AMG 458 yielded a distinct spectrum of mutations that was rich in F1200 alterations. This is consistent with a different predicted binding mode. Again, the mutation profile observed with AMG 458 could be predictive for several other inhibitors that bind c-Met in a similar way.
Collectively, our findings suggest that amino acid substitutions in the c-Met kinase domain of cancer patients need to be carefully monitored prior to and during treatment with c-Met inhibitors, as resistance may pre-exist or emerge. Compounds binding in the same manner as NVP-BVU972 might be particularly susceptible to the development of resistance through mutations in Y1230, a complication that could potentially be overcome by c-Met inhibitors with alternative binding modes.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4738. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4738
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiedt
- 1Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Degenkolbe
- 1Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- 2Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brent A. Appleton
- 3Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Emeryville, CA
| | - Joseph Schoepfer
- 2Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Ruddy
- 4Novartis Oncology, Translational Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - John Monahan
- 4Novartis Oncology, Translational Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael D. Jones
- 5Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jutta Blank
- 6Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Haasen
- 6Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Drueckes
- 6Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- 1Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clive McCarthy
- 2Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- 1Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Disease Area Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Liu K, Kralovics R, Rudzki Z, Grabowska B, Buser AS, Olcaydu D, Gisslinger H, Tiedt R, Frank P, Okoñ K, van der Maas APC, Skoda RC. A de novo splice donor mutation in the thrombopoietin gene causes hereditary thrombocythemia in a Polish family. Haematologica 2008; 93:706-14. [PMID: 18367486 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.11801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary thrombocythemia is an autosomal dominant disorder with clinical features resembling sporadic essential thrombocythemia. Germline mutations in families with hereditary thrombocythemia have been identified in the gene for thrombopoietin (TPHO) and its receptor, MPL. DESIGN AND METHODS Here we characterized a THPO mutation in a hereditary thrombocythemia pedigree with 11 affected family members. RESULTS Affected family members carry a G --> C transversion in the splice donor of intron 3 of THPO that co-segregated with thrombocytosis within the pedigree. We previously described the identical mutation in a Dutch family with hereditary thrombocythemia. Haplotype analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms surrounding the mutation indicated that the mutations arose independently in the two families. MPL protein levels, but not mRNA levels, were low in platelets from affected family members. Bone marrow histology showed features compatible with those of essential thrombocythemia, but the megakaryocytes were unusually compact, as assessed by planimetric analysis. Impaired microcirculation resulting in brief episodes of fainting and dizziness that responded well to aspirin were the predominant clinical features in a total of 23 affected family members studied. Disease onset is earlier in patients with hereditary thrombocythemia than in those with essential thrombocythemia, but the frequencies of thrombotic, vascular and hemorrhagic events are similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A mutation in THPO occurred de novo in the same position as in a previously described family with hereditary thrombocythemia. Patients with this mutation have elevated serum levels of thrombopoietin and a phenotype that responds to aspirin and does not require cytoreductive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Petrich BG, Marchese P, Ruggeri ZM, Spiess S, Weichert RA, Ye F, Tiedt R, Skoda RC, Monkley SJ, Critchley DR, Ginsberg MH. Talin is required for integrin-mediated platelet function in hemostasis and thrombosis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2007. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1797oia20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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33
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Petrich BG, Marchese P, Ruggeri ZM, Spiess S, Weichert RAM, Ye F, Tiedt R, Skoda RC, Monkley SJ, Critchley DR, Ginsberg MH. Talin is required for integrin-mediated platelet function in hemostasis and thrombosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:3103-11. [PMID: 18086863 PMCID: PMC2150986 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20071800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are critical for hemostasis and thrombosis because they mediate both platelet adhesion and aggregation. Talin is an integrin-binding cytoplasmic adaptor that is a central organizer of focal adhesions, and loss of talin phenocopies integrin deletion in Drosophila. Here, we have examined the role of talin in mammalian integrin function in vivo by selectively disrupting the talin1 gene in mouse platelet precursor megakaryocytes. Talin null megakaryocytes produced circulating platelets that exhibited normal morphology yet manifested profoundly impaired hemostatic function. Specifically, platelet-specific deletion of talin1 led to spontaneous hemorrhage and pathological bleeding. Ex vivo and in vitro studies revealed that loss of talin1 resulted in dramatically impaired integrin alphaIIbbeta3-mediated platelet aggregation and beta1 integrin-mediated platelet adhesion. Furthermore, loss of talin1 strongly inhibited the activation of platelet beta1 and beta3 integrins in response to platelet agonists. These data establish that platelet talin plays a crucial role in hemostasis and provide the first proof that talin is required for the activation and function of mammalian alpha2beta1 and alphaIIbbeta3 integrins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Petrich
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Léon C, Eckly A, Hechler B, Aleil B, Freund M, Ravanat C, Jourdain M, Nonne C, Weber J, Tiedt R, Gratacap MP, Severin S, Cazenave JP, Lanza F, Skoda R, Gachet C. Megakaryocyte-restricted MYH9 inactivation dramatically affects hemostasis while preserving platelet aggregation and secretion. Blood 2007; 110:3183-91. [PMID: 17664350 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-080184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMutations in the MYH9 gene encoding the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA result in bleeding disorders characterized by a macrothrombocytopenia. To understand the role of myosin in normal platelet functions and in pathology, we generated mice with disruption of MYH9 in megakaryocytes. MYH9Δ mice displayed macrothrombocytopenia with a strong increase in bleeding time and absence of clot retraction. However, platelet aggregation and secretion in response to any agonist were near normal despite absence of initial platelet contraction. By contrast, integrin outside-in signaling was impaired, as observed by a decrease in integrin β3 phosphorylation and PtdIns(3,4)P2 accumulation following stimulation. Upon adhesion on a fibrinogen-coated surface, MYH9Δ platelets were still able to extend lamellipodia but without stress fiber–like formation. As a consequence, thrombus growth and organization, investigated under flow by perfusing whole blood over collagen, were strongly impaired. Thrombus stability was also decreased in vivo in a model of FeCl3-induced injury of carotid arteries. Overall, these results demonstrate that while myosin seems dispensable for aggregation and secretion in suspension, it plays a key role in platelet contractile phenomena and outside-in signaling. These roles of myosin in platelet functions, in addition to thrombocytopenia, account for the strong hemostatic defects observed in MYH9Δ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Léon
- INSERM U311, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, 10 rue Spielmann, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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Tiedt R, Schomber T, Hao-Shen H, Skoda RC. Pf4-Cre transgenic mice allow the generation of lineage-restricted gene knockouts for studying megakaryocyte and platelet function in vivo. Blood 2006; 109:1503-6. [PMID: 17032923 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate transgenic mice that express Cre-recombinase exclusively in the megakaryocytic lineage, we modified a mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone by homologous recombination and replaced the first exon of the platelet factor 4 (Pf4), also called CXCL4, with a codon-improved Cre cDNA. Several strains expressing the transgene were obtained and one strain, Q3, was studied in detail. Crossing Q3 mice with the ROSA26-lacZ reporter strain showed that Cre-recombinase activity was confined to megakaryocytes. These results were further verified by crossing the Q3 mice with a strain containing loxP-flanked integrin beta1. Excision of this conditional allele in megakaryocytes was complete at the DNA level, and platelets were virtually devoid of the integrin beta1 protein. The Pf4-Cre transgenic strain will be a valuable tool to study megakaryopoiesis, platelet formation, and platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiedt
- Department of Research and Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Kralovics R, Teo SS, Buser AS, Brutsche M, Tiedt R, Tichelli A, Passamonti F, Pietra D, Cazzola M, Skoda RC. Altered gene expression in myeloproliferative disorders correlates with activation of signaling by the V617F mutation of Jak2. Blood 2005; 106:3374-6. [PMID: 16081684 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-05-1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe identified 13 new gene expression markers that were elevated and one marker, ANKRD15, that was down-regulated in patients with polycythemia vera (PV). These 14 markers, as well as the previously described PRV1 and NF-E2, exhibited the same gene expression alterations also in patients with exogenously activated granulocytes due to sepsis or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. The recently described V617F mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene allows defining subclasses of patients with myeloproliferative disorders based on the JAK2 genotype. Patients with PV who were homozygous or heterozygous for JAK2-V617F exhibited higher levels of expression of the 13 new markers, PRV1, and NF-E2 than patients without JAK2-V617F, whereas ANKRD15 was down-regulated in these patients. Our results suggest that the alterations in expression of the markers studied are due to the activation of the Jak/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway through exogenous stimuli (sepsis or G-CSF treatment), or endogenously through the JAK2-V617F mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kralovics
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Research, Division of Clinical Hematology, Division of Pneumology, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland
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Kralovics R, Passamonti F, Buser AS, Teo SS, Tiedt R, Passweg JR, Tichelli A, Cazzola M, Skoda RC. A gain-of-function mutation of JAK2 in myeloproliferative disorders. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1779-90. [PMID: 15858187 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2662] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and idiopathic myelofibrosis are clonal myeloproliferative disorders arising from a multipotent progenitor. The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the short arm of chromosome 9 (9pLOH) in myeloproliferative disorders suggests that 9p harbors a mutation that contributes to the cause of clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells in these diseases. METHODS We performed microsatellite mapping of the 9pLOH region and DNA sequencing in 244 patients with myeloproliferative disorders (128 with polycythemia vera, 93 with essential thrombocythemia, and 23 with idiopathic myelofibrosis). RESULTS Microsatellite mapping identified a 9pLOH region that included the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. In patients with 9pLOH, JAK2 had a homozygous G-->T transversion, causing phenylalanine to be substituted for valine at position 617 of JAK2 (V617F). All 51 patients with 9pLOH had the V617F mutation. Of 193 patients without 9pLOH, 66 were heterozygous for V617F and 127 did not have the mutation. The frequency of V617F was 65 percent among patients with polycythemia vera (83 of 128), 57 percent among patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis (13 of 23), and 23 percent among patients with essential thrombocythemia (21 of 93). V617F is a somatic mutation present in hematopoietic cells. Mitotic recombination probably causes both 9pLOH and the transition from heterozygosity to homozygosity for V617F. Genetic evidence and in vitro functional studies indicate that V617F gives hematopoietic precursors proliferative and survival advantages. Patients with the V617F mutation had a significantly longer duration of disease and a higher rate of complications (fibrosis, hemorrhage, and thrombosis) and treatment with cytoreductive therapy than patients with wild-type JAK2. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of patients with myeloproliferative disorders carry a dominant gain-of-function mutation of JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kralovics
- Department of Research, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Burri L, Vascotto K, Fredersdorf S, Tiedt R, Hall MN, Lithgow T. Zim17, a novel zinc finger protein essential for protein import into mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:50243-9. [PMID: 15383543 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409194200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of precursor proteins across the mitochondrial membranes requires the coordinated action of multisubunit translocases in the outer and inner membrane, and the driving force for translocation across the inner membrane is provided by the matrix-located heat shock protein 70 (mtHsp70). The central components of the protein import machinery are essential. Here we describe Zim17, an essential protein with a zinc finger motif involved in protein import into mitochondria. Comparative genomics suggested a correction to the open reading frame of YNL310c, the gene encoding Zim17 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The revised open reading frame codes for a classic mitochondrial targeting signal, which is processed from Zim17 in the mitochondrial matrix. Loss of Zim17 selectively diminishes import of proteins into the matrix of mitochondria, but this loss of Zim17 is partially suppressed by overexpression of the J-protein Pam18/Tim14. We propose that Zim17 functions as an example of a "fractured" J-protein, where a protein like Zim17 contributes a zinc finger domain to Type III J-proteins, in toto providing for substrate loading onto Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Burri
- Russell Grimwade School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator OBF-1, which interacts with Oct-1 and Oct-2 and the octamer site DNA, has been shown to be critical for development of a normal immune response and the formation of germinal centers in secondary lymphoid organs. Here we have identified the RING finger protein Siah-1 as a protein interacting specifically with OBF-1. This interaction is mediated by the C-terminal part of Siah-1 and by residues in the N-terminus of OBF-1, partly distinct from the residues required for formation of a complex with the Oct POU domains and the DNA. Interaction between Siah-1 and OBF-1 leads to downregulation of OBF-1 protein level but not mRNA, and to a corresponding reduction in octamer site-dependent transcription activation. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in B cells leads to elevated levels of OBF-1 protein. Furthermore, in immunized mice, OBF-1 protein amounts are dramatically increased in primary activated B cells, without concomitant increase in OBF-1 mRNA. These data suggest that Siah-1 is part of a novel regulatory loop controlling the level of OBF-1 protein in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Matthias
- Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
Corresponding author e-mail:
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