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Surolia R, Zmijewski JW. IGFBP7- When Endothelial gCap-ing Goes Wrong in Acute Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38626308 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0146ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Larson-Casey JL, Saleem K, Surolia R, Pandey J, Mack M, Antony VB, Bodduluri S, Bhatt SP, Duncan SR, Carter AB. Correction: DX5/CD49b-Positive T Cells Are Not Synonymous with CD1d-Dependent NKT Cells. J Immunol 2024; 212:1393. [PMID: 38407351 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
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Larson-Casey JL, Saleem K, Surolia R, Pandey J, Mack M, Antony VB, Bodduluri S, Bhatt SP, Duncan SR, Carter AB. Myeloid Heterogeneity Mediates Acute Exacerbations of Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Immunol 2023; 211:1714-1724. [PMID: 37782053 PMCID: PMC10843506 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to particulate matter is linked to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and increases the incidence of acute exacerbations of IPF. In addition to accelerating the rate of lung function decline, exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm [PM2.5]) is a risk factor for increased mortality in subjects with IPF. In this article, we show that exposure to PM2.5 mediates monocyte recruitment and fibrotic progression in mice with established fibrosis. In mice with established fibrosis, bronchoalveolar lavage cells showed monocyte/macrophage heterogeneity after exposure to PM2.5. These cells had a significant inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signature. The mixed heterogeneity of cells contributed to the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory response. Although monocyte-derived macrophages were recruited to the lung in bleomycin-injured mice treated with PM2.5, recruitment of monocytes expressing Ly6Chi to the lung promoted progression of fibrosis, reduced lung aeration on computed tomography, and impacted lung compliance. Ly6Chi monocytes isolated from PM2.5-exposed fibrotic mice showed enhanced expression of proinflammatory markers compared with fibrotic mice exposed to vehicle. Moreover, IPF bronchoalveolar lavage cells treated ex vivo with PM2.5 showed an exaggerated inflammatory response. Targeting Ly6Chi monocyte recruitment inhibited fibrotic progression in mice. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of Ly6Chi monocytes exacerbated established fibrosis. These observations suggest that enhanced recruitment of Ly6Chi monocytes with a proinflammatory phenotype mediates acute exacerbations of pulmonary fibrosis, and targeting these cells may provide a potential novel therapeutic target to protect against acute exacerbations of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Larson-Casey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Komal Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veena B. Antony
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sandeep Bodduluri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- UAB Lung Imaging Lab, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Surya P. Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- UAB Lung Imaging Lab, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven R. Duncan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A. Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham. AL, USA
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Surolia R, Li FJ, Dsouza K, Zeng H, Singh P, Stephens C, Guo Y, Wang Z, Kashyap M, Srivastava R, Lora Gonzalez M, Benson P, Kumar A, Kim H, Kim YI, Ahmad A, Athar M, Antony VB. Cutaneous Exposure to Arsenicals Is Associated with Development of Constrictive Bronchiolitis in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:485-497. [PMID: 36780670 PMCID: PMC10174172 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0321ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoarsenicals, such as lewisite and related chloroarsine, diphenylchloroarsine (DPCA), are chemical warfare agents developed during World War I. Stockpiles in Eastern Europe remain a threat to humans. The well-documented effects of cutaneous exposure to these organoarsenicals include skin blisters, painful burns, and life-threatening conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In survivors, long-term effects such as the development of respiratory ailments are reported for the organoarsenical sulfur mustard; however, no long-term pulmonary effects are documented for lewisite and DPCA. No animal models exist to explore the relationship between skin exposure to vesicants and constrictive bronchiolitis. We developed and characterized a mouse model to study the long-term effects of cutaneous exposure on the lungs after exposure to a sublethal dose of organoarsenicals. We exposed mice to lewisite, DPCA, or a less toxic surrogate organoarsenic chemical, phenyl arsine oxide, on the skin. The surviving mice were followed for 20 weeks after skin exposure to arsenicals. Lung microcomputed tomography, lung function, and histology demonstrated increased airway resistance, increased thickness of the smooth muscle layer, increased collagen deposition in the subepithelium, and peribronchial lymphocyte infiltration in mice exposed to arsenical on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Superfund Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Superfund Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Superfund Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Huaxiu Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Pooja Singh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Superfund Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Crystal Stephens
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Superfund Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-il Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | | | - Veena B. Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Superfund Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Dsouza KG, Surolia R, Kulkarni T, Li FJ, Singh P, Zeng H, Stephens C, Kumar A, Wang Z, Antony VB. Use of a pulmosphere model to evaluate drug antifibrotic responses in interstitial lung diseases. Respir Res 2023; 24:96. [PMID: 36978076 PMCID: PMC10045174 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) encompass a heterogenous group of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders characterized by variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. Pretherapeutic clinical testing models for such diseases can serve as a platform to test and develop effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed patient derived 3D organoid model to recapitulate the disease process of ILDs. We characterized the inherent property of invasiveness in this model and tested for antifibrotic responses with an aim to develop a potential platform for personalized medicine in ILDs. METHODS In this prospective study, 23 patients with ILD were recruited and underwent lung biopsy. 3D organoid-based models (pulmospheres) were developed from the lung biopsy tissues. Pulmonary functioning testing and other relevant clinical parameters were collected at the time of enrollment and follow up visits. The patient derived pulmospheres were compared to normal control pulmospheres obtained from 9 explant lung donor samples. These pulmospheres were characterized by their invasive capabilities and responsiveness to the antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib. RESULTS Invasiveness of the pulmospheres was measured by the zone of invasiveness percentage (ZOI%). The ILD pulmospheres (n = 23) had a higher ZOI% as compared to control pulmospheres (n = 9) (516.2 ± 115.6 versus 54.63 ± 19.6 respectively. ILD pulmospheres were responsive to pirfenidone in 12 of the 23 patients (52%) and responsive to nintedanib in all 23 patients (100%). Pirfenidone was noted to be selectively responsive in patients with connective tissue disease related ILD (CTD-ILD) at low doses. There was no correlation between the basal pulmosphere invasiveness, response to antifibrotics, and FVC change (Δ FVC). CONCLUSIONS The 3D pulmosphere model demonstrates invasiveness which is unique to each individual subject and is greater in ILD pulmospheres as compared to controls. This property can be utilized to test responses to drugs such as antifibrotics. The 3D pulmosphere model could serve as a platform for the development of personalized approaches to therapeutics and drug development in ILDs and potentially other chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Superfund Research Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19Th St S, BMR2, Rm 404, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Superfund Research Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19Th St S, BMR2, Rm 404, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Superfund Research Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19Th St S, BMR2, Rm 404, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Superfund Research Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19Th St S, BMR2, Rm 404, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Pooja Singh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Superfund Research Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19Th St S, BMR2, Rm 404, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Huaxiu Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Superfund Research Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19Th St S, BMR2, Rm 404, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Crystal Stephens
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Superfund Research Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19Th St S, BMR2, Rm 404, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Superfund Research Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19Th St S, BMR2, Rm 404, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Surolia R, Antony VB. Pathophysiological Role of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments in Lung Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:872759. [PMID: 35573702 PMCID: PMC9096236 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.872759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin intermediate filaments, a type III intermediate filament, are among the most widely studied IFs and are found abundantly in mesenchymal cells. Vimentin intermediate filaments localize primarily in the cytoplasm but can also be found on the cell surface and extracellular space. The cytoplasmic vimentin is well-recognized for its role in providing mechanical strength and regulating cell migration, adhesion, and division. The post-translationally modified forms of Vimentin intermediate filaments have several implications in host-pathogen interactions, cancers, and non-malignant lung diseases. This review will analyze the role of vimentin beyond just the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker highlighting its role as a regulator of host-pathogen interactions and signaling pathways for the pathophysiology of various lung diseases. In addition, we will also examine the clinically relevant anti-vimentin compounds and antibodies that could potentially interfere with the pathogenic role of Vimentin intermediate filaments in lung disease.
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Li FJ, Surolia R, Singh P, Dsouza KG, Stephens CT, Wang Z, Liu RM, Bae S, Kim YI, Athar M, Dransfield MT, Antony VB. Fibrinogen mediates cadmium-induced macrophage activation and serves as a predictor of cadmium exposure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L593-L606. [PMID: 35200041 PMCID: PMC8993524 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00475.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiologies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear. Cadmium (Cd) causes both pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema; however, the predictors for Cd exposure and the mechanisms by which Cd causes COPD remain unknown. We demonstrated that Cd burden was increased in lung tissue from subjects with COPD and this was associated with cigarette smoking. Fibrinogen levels increased markedly in lung tissue of patients with smoked COPD compared with never-smokers and control subjects. Fibrinogen concentration also correlated positively with lung Cd load, but inversely with the predicted % of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Cd enhanced the secretion of fibrinogen in a cdc2-dependent manner, whereas fibrinogen further mediated Cd-induced peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2)-dependent macrophage activation. Using lung fibroblasts from CdCl2-treated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) wild-type and mutant mice, we demonstrated that fibrinogen enhanced Cd-induced TLR4-dependent collagen synthesis and cytokine/chemokine production. We further showed that fibrinogen complexed with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which in turn promoted the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) and fibrinogen and inhibited fibrinolysis in Cd-treated mice. The amounts of fibrinogen were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Cd-exposed mice. Positive correlations were observed between fibrinogen with hydroxyproline. Our data suggest that fibrinogen is involved in Cd-induced macrophage activation and increases in fibrinogen in patients with COPD may be used as a marker of Cd exposure and predict disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pooja Singh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin G Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Crystal T Stephens
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sejong Bae
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Gu L, Surolia R, Larson-Casey JL, He C, Davis D, Kang J, Antony VB, Carter AB. Targeting Cpt1a-Bcl-2 interaction modulates apoptosis resistance and fibrotic remodeling. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:118-132. [PMID: 34413485 PMCID: PMC8738732 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates metabolic reprogramming in lung macrophages and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis progression is associated with apoptosis resistance in lung macrophages; however, the mechanism(s) by which apoptosis resistance occurs is poorly understood. Here, we found a marked increase in mitochondrial B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in lung macrophages from subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Similar findings were seen in bleomycin-injured wild-type (WT) mice, whereas Bcl-2 was markedly decreased in mice expressing a dominant-negative mitochondrial calcium uniporter (DN-MCU). Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a), the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, directly interacted with Bcl-2 by binding to its BH3 domain, which anchored Bcl-2 in the mitochondria to attenuate apoptosis. This interaction was dependent on Cpt1a activity. Lung macrophages from IPF subjects had a direct correlation between CPT1A and Bcl-2, whereas the absence of binding induced apoptosis. The deletion of Bcl-2 in macrophages protected mice from developing pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, mice had resolution when Bcl-2 was deleted or was inhibited with ABT-199 after fibrosis was established. These observations implicate an interplay between macrophage fatty acid β-oxidation, apoptosis resistance, and dysregulated fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Gu
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jennifer L. Larson-Casey
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Chao He
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Dana Davis
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jungsoon Kang
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Veena B. Antony
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - A. Brent Carter
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.280808.a0000 0004 0419 1326Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL USA
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Li FJ, Surolia R, Li H, Wang Z, Liu G, Kulkarni T, Massicano AVF, Mobley JA, Mondal S, de Andrade JA, Coonrod SA, Thompson PR, Wille K, Lapi SE, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, Carter AB, Antony VB. Citrullinated vimentin mediates development and progression of lung fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/585/eaba2927. [PMID: 33731433 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which environmental exposures contribute to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis are unclear. Here, we demonstrate an increase in cadmium (Cd) and carbon black (CB), common components of cigarette smoke (CS) and environmental particulate matter (PM), in lung tissue from subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Cd concentrations were directly proportional to citrullinated vimentin (Cit-Vim) amounts in lung tissue of subjects with IPF. Cit-Vim amounts were higher in subjects with IPF, especially smokers, which correlated with lung function and were associated with disease manifestations. Cd/CB induced the secretion of Cit-Vim in an Akt1- and peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2)-dependent manner. Cit-Vim mediated fibroblast invasion in a 3D ex vivo model of human pulmospheres that resulted in higher expression of CD26, collagen, and α-SMA. Cit-Vim activated NF-κB in a TLR4-dependent fashion and induced the production of active TGF-β1, CTGF, and IL-8 along with higher surface expression of TLR4 in lung fibroblasts. To corroborate ex vivo findings, mice treated with Cit-Vim, but not Vim, independently developed a similar pattern of fibrotic tissue remodeling, which was TLR4 dependent. Moreover, wild-type mice, but not PAD2-/- and TLR4 mutant (MUT) mice, exposed to Cd/CB generated high amounts of Cit-Vim, in both plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and developed lung fibrosis in a stereotypic manner. Together, these studies support a role for Cit-Vim as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) that is generated by lung macrophages in response to environmental Cd/CB exposure. Furthermore, PAD2 might represent a promising target to attenuate Cd/CB-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joao A de Andrade
- Vanderbilt Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Keith Wille
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Surolia R, Li FJ, Wang Z, Kashyap M, Srivastava RK, Traylor AM, Singh P, Dsouza KG, Kim H, Pittet JF, Zmijewski JW, Agarwal A, Athar M, Ahmad A, Antony VB. NETosis in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury following cutaneous chemical burns. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147564. [PMID: 34027893 PMCID: PMC8262367 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high morbidity and mortality among patients with extensive cutaneous burns in the intensive care unit due to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, effective therapeutics remain to be determined. This is primarily because the mechanisms leading to acute lung injury (ALI) in these patients remain unknown. We test the hypothesis that cutaneous chemical burns promote lung injury due to systemic activation of neutrophils, in particular, toxicity mediated by the deployment of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We also demonstrate the potential benefit of a peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor to prevent NETosis and to preserve microvascular endothelial barrier function, thus reducing the severity of ALI in mice. Our data demonstrated that phenylarsine oxide (PAO) treatment of neutrophils caused increased intracellular Ca2+-associated PAD4 activity. A dermal chemical burn by lewisite or PAO resulted in PAD4 activation, NETosis, and ALI. NETs disrupted the barrier function of endothelial cells in human lung microvascular endothelial cell spheroids. Citrullinated histone 3 alone caused ALI in mice. Pharmacologic or genetic abrogation of PAD4 inhibited lung injury following cutaneous chemical burns. Cutaneous burns by lewisite and PAO caused ALI by PAD4-mediated NETosis. PAD4 inhibitors may have potential as countermeasures to suppress detrimental lung injury after chemical burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Pooja Singh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Kevin G Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
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11
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Larson-Casey JL, Vaid M, Gu L, He C, Cai GQ, Ding Q, Davis D, Berryhill TF, Wilson LS, Barnes S, Neighbors JD, Hohl RJ, Zimmerman KA, Yoder BK, Longhini ALF, Hanumanthu VS, Surolia R, Antony VB, Carter AB. Increased flux through the mevalonate pathway mediates fibrotic repair without injury. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4962-4978. [PMID: 31609245 DOI: 10.1172/jci127959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important in mounting an innate immune response to injury as well as in repair of injury. Gene expression of Rho proteins is known to be increased in fibrotic models; however, the role of these proteins in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is not known. Here, we show that BAL cells from patients with IPF have a profibrotic phenotype secondary to increased activation of the small GTPase Rac1. Rac1 activation requires a posttranslational modification, geranylgeranylation, of the C-terminal cysteine residue. We found that by supplying more substrate for geranylgeranylation, Rac1 activation was substantially increased, resulting in profibrotic polarization by increasing flux through the mevalonate pathway. The increased flux was secondary to greater levels of acetyl-CoA from metabolic reprogramming to β oxidation. The polarization mediated fibrotic repair in the absence of injury by enhancing macrophage/fibroblast signaling. These observations suggest that targeting the mevalonate pathway may abrogate the role of macrophages in dysregulated fibrotic repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mudit Vaid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Linlin Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Chao He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Guo-Qiang Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Dana Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Taylor F Berryhill
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Landon S Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Neighbors
- Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymond J Hohl
- Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, and
| | - Ana Leda F Longhini
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar Hanumanthu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Veena B Antony
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, and.,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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12
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Manzoor S, Mariappan N, Zafar I, Wei CC, Ahmad A, Surolia R, Foote JB, Agarwal A, Ahmad S, Athar M, Antony VB, Ahmad A. Cutaneous lewisite exposure causes acute lung injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1479:210-222. [PMID: 32329907 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lewisite is a strong vesicating and chemical warfare agent. Because of the rapid transdermal absorption, cutaneous exposure to lewisite can also elicit severe systemic injury. Lewisite (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg) was applied to the skin of Ptch1+/- /SKH-1 mice and acute lung injury (ALI) was assessed after 24 hours. Arterial blood gas measurements showed hypercapnia and hypoxemia in the lewisite-exposed group. Histological evaluation of lung tissue revealed increased levels of proinflammatory neutrophils and a dose-dependent increase in structural changes indicative of injury. Increased inflammation was also confirmed by altered expression of cytokines, including increased IL-33, and a dose-dependent elevation of CXCL1, CXCL5, and GCSF was observed in the lung tissue. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lewisite-exposed animals, there was a significant increase in HMGB1, a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, as well as elevated CXCL1 and CXCL5, which coincided with an influx of neutrophils to the lungs. Complete blood cell analysis revealed eosinophilia and altered neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios as a consequence of lewisite exposure. Mean platelet volume and RBC distribution width, which are predictors of lung injury, were also increased in the lewisite group. These data demonstrate that cutaneous lewisite exposure causes ALI and may contribute to mortality in exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajer Manzoor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Iram Zafar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shama Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena B Antony
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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13
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Surolia R, Li FJ, Wang Z, Li H, Dsouza K, Thomas V, Mirov S, Pérez-Sala D, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. Vimentin intermediate filament assembly regulates fibroblast invasion in fibrogenic lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123253. [PMID: 30944258 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease, with a median survival of 3-5 years following diagnosis. Lung remodeling by invasive fibroblasts is a hallmark of IPF. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of vimentin intermediate filaments (VimIFs) decreases the invasiveness of IPF fibroblasts and confers protection against fibrosis in a murine model of experimental lung injury. Increased expression and organization of VimIFs contribute to the invasive property of IPF fibroblasts in connection with deficient cellular autophagy. Blocking VimIF assembly by pharmacologic and genetic means also increases autophagic clearance of collagen type I. Furthermore, inhibition of expression of collagen type I by siRNA decreased invasiveness of fibroblasts. In a bleomycin injury model, enhancing autophagy in fibroblasts by an inhibitor of VimIF assembly, withaferin A (WFA), protected from fibrotic lung injury. Additionally, in 3D lung organoids, or pulmospheres, from patients with IPF, WFA reduced the invasiveness of lung fibroblasts in the majority of subjects tested. These studies provide insights into the functional role of vimentin, which regulates autophagy and restricts the invasiveness of lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kevin Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and
| | - Sergey Mirov
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical and Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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14
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Li FJ, Surolia R, Li H, Wang Z, Kulkarni T, Liu G, de Andrade JA, Kass DJ, Thannickal VJ, Duncan SR, Antony VB. Autoimmunity to Vimentin Is Associated with Outcomes of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Immunol 2017; 199:1596-1605. [PMID: 28754682 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, the repertoire of autoantigens involved in this disease and the clinical relevance of these autoimmune responses are still being explored. Our initial discovery assays demonstrated that circulating and intrapulmonary vimentin levels are increased in IPF patients. Subsequent studies showed native vimentin induced HLA-DR-dependent in vitro proliferation of CD4 T cells from IPF patients and enhanced the production of IL-4, IL-17, and TGF-β1 by these lymphocytes in contrast to normal control specimens. Vimentin supplementation of IPF PBMC cultures also resulted in HLA-DR-dependent production of IgG with anti-vimentin specificities. Circulating anti-vimentin IgG autoantibody levels were much greater in IPF subjects from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (n = 102) and the University of Pittsburgh (U. Pitt., n = 70) than in normal controls. Anti-vimentin autoantibody levels in IPF patients were HLA biased and inversely correlated with physiological measurements of lung function (i.e., forced expiratory volumes and diffusing capacities). Despite considerable intergroup differences in transplant-free survival between these two independent IPF cohorts, serious adverse outcomes were most frequent among the patients within each population that had the highest anti-vimentin autoantibody levels (University of Alabama at Birmingham: hazard ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2-5.3, p = 0.012; University of Pittsburgh: hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3-5.5, p = 0.006). These data show that anti-vimentin autoreactivity is prevalent in IPF patients and is strongly associated with disease manifestations. These findings have implications with regard to the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease and raise the possibility that therapies specifically directed at these autoimmune processes could have therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Joao A de Andrade
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233; and
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233; and
| | - Steven R Duncan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294;
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15
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Li FJ, Surolia R, Li H, Wang Z, Liu G, Liu RM, Mirov SB, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. Low-dose cadmium exposure induces peribronchiolar fibrosis through site-specific phosphorylation of vimentin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L80-L91. [PMID: 28450285 PMCID: PMC5538875 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00087.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has been associated with development of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The mechanisms and signaling pathways whereby Cd causes pathological peribronchiolar fibrosis, airway remodeling, and subsequent airflow obstruction remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether low-dose Cd exposure induces vimentin phosphorylation and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activation leading to peribronchiolar fibrosis and subsequent airway remodeling. Our data demonstrate that Cd induces myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition around small (<2 mm in diameter) airways. Upon Cd exposure, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and the production of ECM proteins, including fibronectin and collagen-1, are markedly induced in primary human lung fibroblasts. Cd induces Smad2/3 activation and the translocation of both Smad2/3 and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) into the nucleus. In parallel, Cd induces AKT and cdc2 phosphorylation and downstream vimentin phosphorylation at Ser39 and Ser55, respectively. AKT and cdc2 inhibitors block Cd-induced vimentin fragmentation and secretion in association with inhibition of α-SMA expression, ECM deposition, and collagen secretion. Furthermore, vimentin silencing abrogates Cd-induced α-SMA expression and decreases ECM production. Vimentin-deficient mice are protected from Cd-induced peribronchiolar fibrosis and remodeling. These findings identify two specific sites on vimentin that are phosphorylated by Cd and highlight the functional significance of vimentin phosphorylation in YAP1/Smad3 signaling that mediates Cd-induced peribronchiolar fibrosis and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sergey B Mirov
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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16
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Surolia R, Li FJ, Wang Z, Li H, Liu G, Zhou Y, Luckhardt T, Bae S, Liu RM, Rangarajan S, de Andrade J, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. 3D pulmospheres serve as a personalized and predictive multicellular model for assessment of antifibrotic drugs. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94088. [PMID: 28422764 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Surolia R, Li FJ, Wang Z, Li H, Liu G, Zhou Y, Luckhardt T, Bae S, Liu RM, Rangarajan S, de Andrade J, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. 3D pulmospheres serve as a personalized and predictive multicellular model for assessment of antifibrotic drugs. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91377. [PMID: 28138565 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal progressive fibrotic lung disease characterized by the presence of invasive myofibroblasts in the lung. Currently, there are only two FDA-approved drugs (pirfenidone and nintedanib) for the treatment of IPF. There are no defined criteria to guide specific drug therapy. New methodologies are needed not only to predict personalized drug therapy, but also to screen novel molecules that are on the horizon for treatment of IPF. We have developed a model system that exploits the invasive phenotype of IPF lung tissue. This ex vivo 3D model uses lung tissue from patients to develop pulmospheres. Pulmospheres are 3D spheroids composed of cells derived exclusively from primary lung biopsies and inclusive of lung cell types reflective of those in situ, in the patient. We tested the pulmospheres of 20 subjects with IPF and 9 control subjects to evaluate the responsiveness of individual patients to antifibrotic drugs. Clinical parameters and outcomes were also followed in the same patients. Our results suggest that pulmospheres simulate the microenvironment in the lung and serve as a personalized and predictive model for assessing responsiveness to antifibrotic drugs in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Tracy Luckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Sejong Bae
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | - Joao de Andrade
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and
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18
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Surolia R, Karki S, Wang Z, Kulkarni T, Li FJ, Vohra S, Batra H, Nick JA, Duncan SR, Thannickal VJ, Steyn AJC, Agarwal A, Antony VB. Attenuated heme oxygenase-1 responses predispose the elderly to pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L928-L940. [PMID: 27694475 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00397.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (P-NTM), such as by Mycobacterium avium complex (M. avium), are increasingly found in the elderly, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Recent studies suggest that adaptive immunity is necessary, but not sufficient, for host defense against mycobacteria. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been recognized as a critical modulator of granuloma formation and programmed cell death in mycobacterial infections. Old mice (18-21 mo) infected with M. avium had attenuated HO-1 response with diffuse inflammation, high burden of mycobacteria, poor granuloma formation, and decreased survival (45%), while young mice (4-6 mo) showed tight, well-defined granuloma, increased HO-1 expression, and increased survival (95%). To further test the role of HO-1 in increased susceptibility to P-NTM infections in the elderly, we used old and young HO-1+/+ and HO-1-/- mice. The transcriptional modulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in HO-1-/- mice due to M. avium infection demonstrated similarities to infected wild-type old mice with upregulation of SOCS3 and inhibition of Bcl2. Higher expression of SOCS3 with downregulation of Bcl2 resulted in higher macrophage death via cellular necrosis. Finally, peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) from elderly patients with P-NTM also demonstrated attenuated HO-1 responses after M. avium stimulation and increased cell death due to cellular necrosis (9.69% ± 2.02) compared with apoptosis (4.75% ± 0.98). The augmented risk for P-NTM in the elderly is due, in part, to attenuated HO-1 responses, subsequent upregulation of SOCS3, and inhibition of Bcl2, leading to programmed cell death of macrophages, and sustained infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Suman Karki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shikhar Vohra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hitesh Batra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jerry A Nick
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Steven R Duncan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adrie J C Steyn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV, Durban, South Africa; and
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena B Antony
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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19
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Surolia R, Karki S, Kim H, Yu Z, Kulkarni T, Mirov SB, Carter AB, Rowe SM, Matalon S, Thannickal VJ, Agarwal A, Antony VB. Heme oxygenase-1-mediated autophagy protects against pulmonary endothelial cell death and development of emphysema in cadmium-treated mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L280-92. [PMID: 26071551 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00097.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to cadmium, a major component of cigarette smoke, has a dramatic impact on lung function and the development of emphysema. Cigarette smoke exposure induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme. In this study, we employed a truncated mouse model of emphysema by intratracheal instillation of cadmium (CdCl2) solution (0.025% per 1 mg/kg body wt) in HO-1(+/+), HO-1(-/-), and overexpressing humanized HO-1 bacterial artificial chromosome (hHO-1BAC) mice. We evaluated the role of HO-1 in cadmium-induced emphysema in mice by analyzing histopathology, micro-computed tomography scans, and lung function tests. CdCl2-exposed HO-1(-/-) mice exhibited more severe emphysema compared with HO-1(+/+) or hHO-1BAC mice. Loss of pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs) from the alveolar capillary membrane is recognized to be a target in emphysema. PECs from HO-1(+/+), HO-1(-/-), and hHO-1BAC were employed to define the underlying molecular mechanism for the protection from emphysema by HO-1. Electron microscopy, expression of autophagic markers (microtubule-associated protein 1B-light chain 3 II, autophagy protein 5, and Beclin1) and apoptotic marker (cleaved caspase 3) suggested induction of autophagy and apoptosis in PECs after CdCl2 treatment. CdCl2-treated HO-1(-/-) PECs exhibited downregulation of autophagic markers and significantly increased cleaved caspase 3 expression and activity (∼4-fold higher). Moreover, hHO-1BAC PECs demonstrated upregulated autophagy and absence of cleaved caspase 3 expression or activity. Pretreatment of HO-1(+/+) PECs with rapamycin induced autophagy and resulted in reduced cell death upon cadmium treatment. Induction of autophagy following CdCl2 treatment was found to be protective from apoptotic cell death. HO-1 induced protective autophagy in PECs and mitigated cadmium-induced emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Suman Karki
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sergey B Mirov
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - A Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama;
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20
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Li FJ, Duggal RN, Oliva OM, Karki S, Surolia R, Wang Z, Watson RD, Thannickal VJ, Powell M, Watts S, Kulkarni T, Batra H, Bolisetty S, Agarwal A, Antony VB. Heme oxygenase-1 protects corexit 9500A-induced respiratory epithelial injury across species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122275. [PMID: 25835394 PMCID: PMC4383564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Corexit 9500A (CE) on respiratory epithelial surfaces of terrestrial mammals and marine animals are largely unknown. This study investigated the role of CE-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme with anti-apoptotic and antioxidant activity, in human bronchial airway epithelium and the gills of exposed aquatic animals. We evaluated CE-mediated alterations in human airway epithelial cells, mice lungs and gills from zebrafish and blue crabs. Our results demonstrated that CE induced an increase in gill epithelial edema and human epithelial monolayer permeability, suggesting an acute injury caused by CE exposure. CE induced the expression of HO-1 as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which are associated with ROS production. Importantly, CE induced caspase-3 activation and subsequent apoptosis of epithelial cells. The expression of the intercellular junctional proteins, such as tight junction proteins occludin, zonula occludens (ZO-1), ZO-2 and adherens junctional proteins E-cadherin and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), were remarkably inhibited by CE, suggesting that these proteins are involved in CE-induced increased permeability and subsequent apoptosis. The cytoskeletal protein F-actin was also disrupted by CE. Treatment with carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) significantly inhibited CE-induced ROS production, while the addition of HO-1 inhibitor, significantly increased CE-induced ROS production and apoptosis, suggesting a protective role of HO-1 or its reaction product, CO, in CE-induced apoptosis. Using HO-1 knockout mice, we further demonstrated that HO-1 protected against CE-induced inflammation and cellular apoptosis and corrected CE-mediated inhibition of E-cadherin and FAK. These observations suggest that CE activates CRP and NOX4-mediated ROS production, alters permeability by inhibition of junctional proteins, and leads to caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of epithelial cells, while HO-1 and its reaction products protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ryan N. Duggal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Octavio M. Oliva
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Suman Karki
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - R. Douglas Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mickie Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Stephen Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Hitesh Batra
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Veena B. Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Karki S, Surolia R, Hock TD, Guroji P, Zolak JS, Duggal R, Ye T, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. Wilms' tumor 1 (Wt1) regulates pleural mesothelial cell plasticity and transition into myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2013; 28:1122-31. [PMID: 24265486 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-236828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs), which are derived from the mesoderm, exhibit an extraordinary capacity to undergo phenotypic changes during development and disease. PMC transformation and trafficking has a newly defined role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, the contribution of Wilms' tumor 1 (Wt1)-positive PMCs to the generation of pathognomonic myofibroblasts remains unclear. PMCs were obtained from IPF lung explants and healthy donor lungs that were not used for transplantation. Short hairpin Wt1-knockdown PMCs (sh Wt1) were generated with Wt1 shRNA, and morphologic and functional assays were performed in vitro. Loss of Wt1 abrogated the PMC phenotype and showed evidence of mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), with a reduced expression of E-cadherin and an increase in the profibrotic markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin, along with increased migration and contractility, compared with that of the control. Migration of PMCs in response to active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was assessed by live-cell imaging with 2-photon microscopy and 3D imaging, of Wt1-EGFP transgenic mice. Lineage-tracing experiments to map the fate of Wt1(+) PMCs in mouse lung in response to TGF-β1 were also performed by using a Cre-loxP system. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate that Wt1 is necessary for the morphologic integrity of pleural membrane and that loss of Wt1 contributes to IPF via MMT of PMCs into a myofibroblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Karki
- 2Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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22
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Zolak JS, Jagirdar R, Surolia R, Karki S, Oliva O, Hock T, Guroji P, Ding Q, Liu RM, Bolisetty S, Agarwal A, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. Pleural mesothelial cell differentiation and invasion in fibrogenic lung injury. Am J Pathol 2013; 182:1239-47. [PMID: 23399488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the myofibroblast in fibrotic lung disease is uncertain, and no effective medical therapy for fibrosis exists. We have previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces pleural mesothelial cell (PMC) transformation into myofibroblasts and haptotactic migration in vitro. Whether PMC differentiation and migration occurs in vivo, and whether this response can be modulated for therapeutic benefit, is unknown. Here, using mice recombinant for green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the Wilms tumor-1 (WT-1) promoter, we demonstrate PMC trafficking into the lung and differentiation into myofibroblasts. Carbon monoxide or the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibited the expression of myofibroblast markers, contractility, and haptotaxis in PMCs treated with TGF-β1. Intrapleural HO-1 induction inhibited PMC migration after intratracheal fibrogenic injury. PMCs from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) exhibited increased expression of myofibroblast markers and enhanced contractility and haptotaxis, compared with normal PMCs. Carbon monoxide reversed this IPF PMC profibrotic phenotype. WT-1-expressing cells were present within fibrotic regions of the lungs in IPF subjects, supporting a role for PMC differentiation and trafficking as contributors to the myofibroblast population in lung fibrosis. Our findings also support a potential role for pleural-based therapies to modulate pleural mesothelial activation and parenchymal fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Zolak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0006, USA.
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23
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Regev D, Surolia R, Karki S, Zolak J, Montes-Worboys A, Oliva O, Guroji P, Saini V, Steyn AJC, Agarwal A, Antony VB. Heme oxygenase-1 promotes granuloma development and protects against dissemination of mycobacteria. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1541-52. [PMID: 22964851 PMCID: PMC4017357 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections occur in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts and are an increasingly recognized cause of morbidity and mortality. The hallmark of pulmonary mycobacterial infections is the formation of granuloma in the lung. Our study focuses on the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme, in the regulation of granuloma development and maturation following infection with Mycobacterium avium. We examined the role of HO-1 in regulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), two molecules involved in monocyte-macrophage cell trafficking after infection. We showed that RAW 264.7 mouse monocytes exposed to M. avium expressed HO-1 and MCP-1. Inhibition of HO by zinc protoporphyrin-IX led to inhibition of MCP-1 and increased expression of CCR2, its cognate receptor. HO-1⁻/⁻ mice did not develop organized granuloma in their lungs, had higher lung colony forming unit of M. avium when infected with intratracheal M. avium, and had loose collections of inflammatory cells in the lung parenchyma. Mycobacteria were found only inside defined granulomas but not outside granuloma in the lungs of HO-1⁺/⁺ mice. In HO-1⁻/⁻ mice, mycobacteria were also found in the liver and spleen and showed increased mortality. Peripheral blood monocytes isolated from GFP⁺ mice and given intravenously to HO-1⁺/⁺ mice localized into tight granulomas, while in HO-1⁻/⁻ mice they remained diffusely scattered in areas of parenchymal inflammation. Higher MCP-1 levels were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of M. avium infected HO-1(-/-) mice and CCR2 expression was higher in HO-1⁻/⁻ alveolar macrophages when compared with HO-1⁺/⁺ mice. CCR2 expression localized to granuloma in HO-1⁺/⁺ mice but not in the HO-1⁻/⁻ mice. These findings strongly suggest that HO-1 plays a protective role in the control of M. avium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Regev
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suman Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jason Zolak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ana Montes-Worboys
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ocatvio Oliva
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Purushotum Guroji
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vikram Saini
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adrie JC Steyn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama USA
| | - Veena. B. Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,Corresponding Author: Veena B Antony, MD, Professor of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530, 3rd Avenue South, THT 422, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006., Tel: (205) 934-0892. Fax: (205) 934-1721,
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24
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Zolak J, Jagirdar R, Surolia R, Oliva O, Karki S, John Thannickal V, Antony V. Pleural Mesothelial Cell Activation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 2012. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1387544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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25
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Surolia R, Pachauri M, Ghosh PC. Preparation and characterization of monensin loaded PLGA nanoparticles: in vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2012; 8:172-81. [PMID: 22515105 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2012.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PLGA nanoparticles loaded with monensin (carboxylic ionophore) were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using PLGA of molecular weight (Mw.) 19000 and 110000 Da. The nanoparticles were characterized by applying dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Negatively charged and spherical smooth surfaced nanoparticles of size range between 147-167 nm were obtained. The nanoparticles of monensin-PLGA showed no chemical interaction between monensin and the polymer molecules. The release kinetics in vitro studies exhibited biphasic release profile characterized by an initial fast release followed by a slower release. The antimalarial efficacy of monensin-PLGA nanoparticles was also examined. Monensin loaded in nanoparticles was 10-fold more effective in inhibiting the growth of P. falciparum in vitro as compared to free monensin. The antimalarial efficacy of monensin-PLGA nanoparticles was significantly dependent on the Mw. of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
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