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Gallegos CA, Lu Y, Clements JC, Song PN, Lynch SE, Mascioni A, Jia F, Hartman YE, Massicano AVF, Houson HA, Lapi SE, Warram JM, Markert JM, Sorace AG. [ 89Zr]-CD8 ImmunoPET imaging of glioblastoma multiforme response to combination oncolytic viral and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy reveals CD8 infiltration differential changes in preclinical models. Theranostics 2024; 14:911-923. [PMID: 38250045 PMCID: PMC10797292 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Novel immune-activating therapeutics for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have shown potential for tumor regression and increased survival over standard therapies. However, immunotherapy efficacy remains inconsistent with response assessment being complicated by early treatment-induced apparent radiological tumor progression and slow downstream effects. This inability to determine early immunotherapeutic benefit results in a drastically decreased window for alternative, and potentially more effective, treatment options. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of combination immunotherapy on early CD8+ cell infiltration and its association with long term response in orthotopic syngeneic glioblastoma models. Methods: Luciferase positive GBM orthotopic mouse models (GSC005-luc) were imaged via [89Zr]-CD8 positron emission tomography (PET) one week following treatment with saline, anti-PD1, M002 oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) or combination immunotherapy. Subsequently, brains were excised, imaged via [89Zr]-CD8 ImmunoPET and evaluated though autoradiography and histology for H&E and CD8 immunohistochemistry. Longitudinal immunotherapeutic effects were evaluated through [89Zr]-CD8 PET imaging one- and three-weeks following treatment, with changes in tumor volume monitored on a three-day basis via bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Response classification was then performed based on long-term BLI signal changes. Statistical analysis was performed between groups using one-way ANOVA and two-sided unpaired T-test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Correlations between imaging and biological validation were assessed via Pearson's correlation test. Results: [89Zr]-CD8 PET standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification was correlated with ex vivo SUV quantification (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), autoradiography (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), and IHC tumor CD8+ cell density (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Classification of therapeutic responders, via bioluminescence signal, revealed a more homogeneous CD8+ immune cell distribution in responders (p < 0.05) one-week following immunotherapy. Conclusions: Assessment of early CD8+ cell infiltration and distribution in the tumor microenvironment provides potential imaging metrics for the characterization of oHSV and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy response in GBM. The combination therapies showed enhanced efficacy compared to single agent immunotherapies. Further development of immune-focused imaging methods can provide clinically relevant metrics associated with immune cell localization that can inform immunotherapeutic efficacy and subsequent treatment response in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Gallegos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Clements
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shannon E. Lynch
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Fang Jia
- Imaginab, Inc, Inglewood, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda E. Hartman
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Hailey A. Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M. Warram
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Massicano AVF, Song PN, Mansur A, White SL, Sorace AG, Lapi SE. [ 89Zr]-Atezolizumab-PET Imaging Reveals Longitudinal Alterations in PDL1 during Therapy in TNBC Preclinical Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2708. [PMID: 37345044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) currently have limited treatment options; however, PD-L1 is an indicator of susceptibility to immunotherapy. Currently, assessment of PD-L1 is limited to biopsy samples. These limitations may be overcome with molecular imaging. In this work, we describe chemistry development and optimization, in vitro, in vivo, and dosimetry of [89Zr]-Atezolizumab for PD-L1 imaging. Atezolizumab was conjugated to DFO and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Tumor uptake and heterogeneity in TNBC xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models were quantified following [89Zr]-Atezolizumab-PET imaging. PD-L1 expression in TNBC PDX models undergoing therapy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate imaging. SUV from PET imaging was quantified and used to identify heterogeneity. PET/CT imaging using [89Zr]-Atezolizumab identified a significant increase in tumor:muscle SUVmean 1 and 4 days after niraparib therapy and revealed an increased trend in PD-L1 expression following other cytotoxic therapies. A preliminary dosimetry study indicated the organs that will receive a higher dose are the spleen, adrenals, kidneys, and liver. [89Zr]-Atezolizumab PET/CT imaging reveals potential for the noninvasive detection of PD-L1-positive TNBC tumors and allows for quantitative and longitudinal assessment. This has potential significance for understanding tumor heterogeneity and monitoring early expression changes in PD-L1 induced by therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Patrick N Song
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ameer Mansur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sharon L White
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Parker CC, Bin Salam A, Song PN, Gallegos C, Hunt A, Yates C, Jaynes J, Lopez H, Massicano AVF, Sorace AG, Fernandez S, Houson HA, Lapi SE. Evaluation of a CD206-Targeted Peptide for PET Imaging of Macrophages in Syngeneic Mouse Models of Cancer. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2415-2425. [PMID: 37014648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are large phagocytic cells that play numerous roles in cancer biology and are an important component of the relationship between immune system response and tumor progression. The peptide, RP832c, targets the Mannose Receptor (CD206) expressed on M2-like macrophages and is cross-reactive to both human and murine CD206. Additionally, it exhibits therapeutic properties through its ability to shift the population of TAMs from an M2-like (protumor) toward an M1-like phenotype (antitumor) and has demonstrated promise in inhibiting tumor resistance in PD-L1 unresponsive melanoma murine models. In addition, it has shown inhibition in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through interactions with CD206 macrophages.1,2 Our work aims to develop a novel CD206 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe based on RP832c (Kd = 5.64 μM) as a direct, noninvasive method for the assessment of TAMs in mouse models of cancer. We adapted RP832c to incorporate the chelator DOTA to allow for radiolabeling with the PET isotope 68Ga (t1/2 = 68 min; ß+ = 89%). In vitro stability studies were conducted in mouse serum up to 3 h. The in vitro binding characteristics of [68Ga]RP832c to CD206 were determined by a protein plate binding assay and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). PET imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in syngeneic tumor models. Stability studies in mouse serum demonstrated that 68Ga remained complexed up to 3 h (less than 1% free 68Ga). Binding affinity studies demonstrated high binding of [68Ga]RP832c to mouse CD206 protein and that the binding of the tracer was able to be blocked significantly when incubated with a blocking solution of native RP832c. PET imaging and biodistribution studies in syngeneic tumor models demonstrated uptake in tumor and CD206 expressing organs of [68Ga]RP832c. A significant correlation was found between the percentage of CD206 present in each tumor imaged with [68Ga]RP832c and PET imaging mean standardized uptake values in a CT26 mouse model of cancer. The data shows that [68Ga]RP832c represents a promising candidate for macrophage imaging in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace C Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Ahmad Bin Salam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Patrick N Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Carlos Gallegos
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Addison Hunt
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Jesse Jaynes
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Henry Lopez
- MuriGenics, Vallejo, California 94592, United States
| | - Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Solana Fernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
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Davenport AA, Lu Y, Gallegos CA, Massicano AVF, Heinzman KA, Song PN, Sorace AG, Cogan NG. Mathematical Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Response to Combination Chemotherapies. Bull Math Biol 2022; 85:7. [PMID: 36542180 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous disease that is defined by its lack of targetable receptors, thus limiting treatment options and resulting in higher rates of metastasis and recurrence. Combination chemotherapy treatments, which inhibit tumor cell proliferation and regeneration, are a major component of standard-of-care treatment of TNBC. In this manuscript, we build a coupled ordinary differential equation model of TNBC with compartments that represent tumor proliferation, necrosis, apoptosis, and immune response to computationally describe the biological tumor affect to a combination of chemotherapies, doxorubicin (DRB) and paclitaxel (PTX). This model is parameterized using longitudinal [18F]-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography (FLT-PET) imaging data which allows for a noninvasive molecular imaging approach to quantify the tumor proliferation and tumor volume measurements for two murine models of TNBC. Animal models include a human cell line xenograft model, MDA-MB-231, and a syngeneic 4T1 mammary carcinoma model. The mathematical models are parameterized and the percent necrosis at the end time point is predicted and validated using histological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) data. Global Sobol' sensitivity analysis is conducted to further understand the role each parameter plays in the model's goodness of fit to the data. In both the MDA-MB-231 and the 4T1 tumor models, the designed mathematical model can accurately describe both tumor volume changes and final necrosis volume. This can give insight into the ordering, dosing, and timing of DRB and PTX treatment. More importantly, this model can also give insight into future novel combinations of therapies and how the immune system plays a role in therapeutic response to TNBC, due to its calibration to two types of TNBC murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica A Davenport
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, 1017 Academic Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA.
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carlos A Gallegos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Heinzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick N Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - N G Cogan
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, 1017 Academic Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
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Lu Y, Massicano AVF, Gallegos CA, Heinzman KA, Parish SW, Warram JM, Sorace AG. Evaluating the Accuracy of FUCCI Cell Cycle In Vivo Fluorescent Imaging to Assess Tumor Proliferation in Preclinical Oncology Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:898-908. [PMID: 35650411 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) system with fluorescence in vivo imaging compared to 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]-FLT) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and biological validation through histology. Imaging with [18F]-FLT PET/CT can be used to noninvasively assess cancer cell proliferation and has been utilized in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, a cost-effective and straightforward method for in vivo, cell cycle targeted cancer drug screening is needed prior to moving towards translational imaging methods such as PET/CT. PROCEDURES In this study, fluorescent MDA-MB-231-FUCCI tumor growth was monitored weekly with caliper measurements and fluorescent imaging. Seven weeks post-injection, [18F]-FLT PET/CT was performed with a preclinical PET/CT, and tumors samples were harvested for histological analysis. RESULTS RFP fluorescent signal significantly correlated with tumor volume (r = 0.8153, p < 0.0001). Cell proliferation measured by GFP fluorescent imaging was correlated with tumor growth rate (r = 0.6497, p < 0.001). Also, GFP+ cells and [18F]-FLT regions of high uptake were both spatially located in the tumor borders, indicating that the FUCCI-IVIS method may provide an accurate assessment of tumor heterogeneity of cell proliferation. The quantification of total GFP signal was correlated with the sum of tumor [18F]-FLT standard uptake value (SUV) (r = 0.5361, p = 0.0724). Finally, histological analysis confirmed viable cells in the tumor and the correlation of GFP + and Ki67 + cells (r = 0.6368, p = 0.0477). CONCLUSION Fluorescent imaging of the cell cycle provides a noninvasive accurate depiction of tumor progression and response to therapy, which may benefit in vivo testing of novel cancer therapeutics that target the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Carlos A Gallegos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Katherine A Heinzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Sean W Parish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jason M Warram
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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Fysikopoulos E, Rouchota M, Georgiou M, Sfyris C, Cheimarios N, Sarpaki S, Kostopoulos S, Glotsos D, Larimer B, Hunter C, Lapi S, Houson H, Massicano AVF, Sorace A, Lamprou E, Loudos G. β-eye: A benchtop system for in vivo molecular screening of labeled compounds. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 180:110034. [PMID: 34894480 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical nuclear molecular imaging speeds up the mean time from synthesis to market, in drug development process. Commercial imaging systems have in general high cost, require high-cost service contracts, special facilities and trained staff. In the current work, we present β-eye, a benchtop system for in vivo molecular screening of labeled compounds with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) isotopes. The developed system is based on a dual-head geometry, offering simplicity and decreased cost. The goal of the design is to provide 2D, real-time radionuclide images of mice, allowing the recording of fast frames and thus perform fast kinetic studies, with spatial resolution of ∼2 mm. Performance evaluation demonstrates the ability of β-eye to provide quantitative results for injected activities lower than 1.5 MBq, which is adequate for pharmacodynamic studies in small mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fysikopoulos
- BIOEMTECH, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park - N.C.S.R Demokritos, Greece; Biomedical Engineering Department, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
| | - M Rouchota
- BIOEMTECH, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park - N.C.S.R Demokritos, Greece; Biomedical Engineering Department, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - M Georgiou
- BIOEMTECH, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park - N.C.S.R Demokritos, Greece
| | - C Sfyris
- BIOEMTECH, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park - N.C.S.R Demokritos, Greece
| | - N Cheimarios
- BIOEMTECH, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park - N.C.S.R Demokritos, Greece
| | - S Sarpaki
- BIOEMTECH, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park - N.C.S.R Demokritos, Greece
| | - S Kostopoulos
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - D Glotsos
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - B Larimer
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - C Hunter
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - S Lapi
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - H Houson
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - A V F Massicano
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - A Sorace
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - E Lamprou
- BIOEMTECH, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park - N.C.S.R Demokritos, Greece
| | - G Loudos
- BIOEMTECH, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park - N.C.S.R Demokritos, Greece
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Kasten BB, Houson HA, Coleman JM, Leavenworth JW, Markert JM, Wu AM, Salazar F, Tavaré R, Massicano AVF, Gillespie GY, Lapi SE, Warram JM, Sorace AG. Positron emission tomography imaging with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody reveals CD8 + cell infiltration during oncolytic virus therapy in a glioma murine model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15384. [PMID: 34321569 PMCID: PMC8319402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of treatment response to immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a process which can take months. Detection of CD8+ T cell recruitment to the tumor with a noninvasive imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET) may allow for tumor characterization and early evaluation of therapeutic response to immunotherapy. In this study, we utilized 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody-PET to provide proof-of-concept to detect CD8+ T cell immune response to oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) M002 immunotherapy in a syngeneic GBM model. Immunocompetent mice (n = 16) were implanted intracranially with GSC005 GBM tumors, and treated with intratumoral injection of oHSV M002 or saline control. An additional non-tumor bearing cohort (n = 4) receiving oHSV M002 treatment was also evaluated. Mice were injected with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody seven days post oHSV administration and imaged with a preclinical PET scanner. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was quantified. Ex vivo tissue analyses included autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. PET imaging showed significantly higher SUV in tumors which had been treated with M002 compared to those without M002 treatment (p = 0.0207) and the non-tumor bearing M002 treated group (p = 0.0021). Accumulation in target areas, especially the spleen, was significantly reduced by blocking with the non-labeled diabody (p < 0.001). Radioactive probe accumulation in brains was consistent with CD8+ cell trafficking patterns after oHSV treatment. This PET imaging strategy could aid in distinguishing responders from non-responders during immunotherapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coleman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felix Salazar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M Warram
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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8
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Li FJ, Surolia R, Li H, Wang Z, Liu G, Kulkarni T, Massicano AVF, Mobley JA, Mondal S, de Andrade JA, Coonrod SA, Thompson PR, Wille K, Lapi SE, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, Carter AB, Antony VB. Citrullinated vimentin mediates development and progression of lung fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/585/eaba2927. [PMID: 33731433 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which environmental exposures contribute to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis are unclear. Here, we demonstrate an increase in cadmium (Cd) and carbon black (CB), common components of cigarette smoke (CS) and environmental particulate matter (PM), in lung tissue from subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Cd concentrations were directly proportional to citrullinated vimentin (Cit-Vim) amounts in lung tissue of subjects with IPF. Cit-Vim amounts were higher in subjects with IPF, especially smokers, which correlated with lung function and were associated with disease manifestations. Cd/CB induced the secretion of Cit-Vim in an Akt1- and peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2)-dependent manner. Cit-Vim mediated fibroblast invasion in a 3D ex vivo model of human pulmospheres that resulted in higher expression of CD26, collagen, and α-SMA. Cit-Vim activated NF-κB in a TLR4-dependent fashion and induced the production of active TGF-β1, CTGF, and IL-8 along with higher surface expression of TLR4 in lung fibroblasts. To corroborate ex vivo findings, mice treated with Cit-Vim, but not Vim, independently developed a similar pattern of fibrotic tissue remodeling, which was TLR4 dependent. Moreover, wild-type mice, but not PAD2-/- and TLR4 mutant (MUT) mice, exposed to Cd/CB generated high amounts of Cit-Vim, in both plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and developed lung fibrosis in a stereotypic manner. Together, these studies support a role for Cit-Vim as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) that is generated by lung macrophages in response to environmental Cd/CB exposure. Furthermore, PAD2 might represent a promising target to attenuate Cd/CB-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joao A de Andrade
- Vanderbilt Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Keith Wille
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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9
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Massicano AVF, Bartels JL, Jeffers CD, Crenshaw BK, Houson H, Mueller C, Younger JW, Knapp P, McConathy JE, Lapi SE. Production of [ 89 Zr]Oxinate 4 and cell radiolabeling for human use. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:209-216. [PMID: 33326139 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
[89 Zr]Oxinate4 is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracer for cell radiolabeling that can enable imaging techniques to help better understand cell trafficking in various diseases. Although several groups have synthetized this compound for use in preclinical studies, there is no available data regarding the production of [89 Zr]Oxinate4 for human use. In this report, we describe the detailed production of [89 Zr]Oxinate4 under USP <823> and autologous leukocyte radiolabeling under USP <797>. The final product presented high radiochemical purity and stability at 24 h post synthesis (>99%) and passed in all quality control assays required for clinical use. [89 Zr]Oxinate4 did not compromise the white blood cells viability and did not show considerable cellular efflux up to 3 h post labeling. The translation of this technique into human use can provide insight into several disease mechanisms since [89 Zr]Oxinate4 has the potential to label any cell subset of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bartels
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charlotte D Jeffers
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bryant K Crenshaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hailey Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christina Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jarred W Younger
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Paul Knapp
- Nuclear and Precision Health Solutions, Cardinal Health, Dublin, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan E McConathy
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Lu Y, Li M, Massicano AVF, Song PN, Mansur A, Heinzman KA, Larimer BM, Lapi SE, Sorace AG. [ 89Zr]-Pertuzumab PET Imaging Reveals Paclitaxel Treatment Efficacy Is Positively Correlated with HER2 Expression in Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Mouse Models. Molecules 2021; 26:1568. [PMID: 33809310 PMCID: PMC8001650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) treatment efficacy varies in breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanism for variable response remains unclear. This study evaluates whether human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression level utilizing advanced molecular positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is correlated with PTX treatment efficacy in preclinical mouse models of HER2+ breast cancer. HER2 positive (BT474, MDA-MB-361), or HER2 negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells were subcutaneously injected into athymic nude mice and PTX (15 mg/kg) was administrated. In vivo HER2 expression was quantified through [89Zr]-pertuzumab PET/CT imaging. PTX treatment response was quantified by [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) PET/CT imaging. Spearman's correlation, Kendall's tau, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. [89Zr]-pertuzumab mean standard uptake values (SUVmean) of BT474 tumors were 4.9 ± 1.5, MDA-MB-361 tumors were 1.4 ± 0.2, and MDA-MB-231 (HER2-) tumors were 1.1 ± 0.4. [18F]-FDG SUVmean changes were negatively correlated with [89Zr]-pertuzumab SUVmean (r = -0.5887, p = 0.0030). The baseline [18F]-FDG SUVmean was negatively correlated with initial [89Zr]-pertuzumab SUVmean (r = -0.6852, p = 0.0002). This study shows PTX treatment efficacy is positively correlated with HER2 expression level in human breast cancer mouse models. Molecular imaging provides a non-invasive approach to quantify biological interactions, which will help in identifying chemotherapy responders and potentially enhance clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (A.V.F.M.); (P.N.S.); (B.M.L.); (S.E.L.)
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (A.V.F.M.); (P.N.S.); (B.M.L.); (S.E.L.)
| | - Adriana V. F. Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (A.V.F.M.); (P.N.S.); (B.M.L.); (S.E.L.)
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (A.V.F.M.); (P.N.S.); (B.M.L.); (S.E.L.)
| | - Ameer Mansur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.M.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Katherine A. Heinzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.M.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Benjamin M. Larimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (A.V.F.M.); (P.N.S.); (B.M.L.); (S.E.L.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (A.V.F.M.); (P.N.S.); (B.M.L.); (S.E.L.)
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.M.); (K.A.H.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (A.V.F.M.); (P.N.S.); (B.M.L.); (S.E.L.)
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.M.); (K.A.H.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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11
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Carter LM, Kesner AL, Pratt EC, Sanders VA, Massicano AVF, Cutler CS, Lapi SE, Lewis JS. The Impact of Positron Range on PET Resolution, Evaluated with Phantoms and PHITS Monte Carlo Simulations for Conventional and Non-conventional Radionuclides. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:73-84. [PMID: 31001765 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing interest and availability of non-standard positron-emitting radionuclides has heightened the relevance of radionuclide choice in the development and optimization of new positron emission tomography (PET) imaging procedures, both in preclinical research and clinical practice. Differences in achievable resolution arising from positron range can largely influence application suitability of each radionuclide, especially in small-ring preclinical PET where system blurring factors due to annihilation photon acollinearity and detector geometry are less significant. Some resolution degradation can be mitigated with appropriate range corrections implemented during image reconstruction, the quality of which is contingent on an accurate characterization of positron range. PROCEDURES To address this need, we have characterized the positron range of several standard and non-standard PET radionuclides (As-72, F-18, Ga-68, Mn-52, Y-86, and Zr-89) through imaging of small-animal quality control phantoms on a benchmark preclinical PET scanner. Further, the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS v3.02) code was utilized for Monte Carlo modeling of positron range-dependent blurring effects. RESULTS Positron range kernels for each radionuclide were derived from simulation of point sources in ICRP reference tissues. PET resolution and quantitative accuracy afforded by various radionuclides in practicable imaging scenarios were characterized using a convolution-based method based on positron annihilation distributions obtained from PHITS. Our imaging and simulation results demonstrate the degradation of small animal PET resolution, and quantitative accuracy correlates with increasing positron energy; however, for a specific "benchmark" preclinical PET scanner and reconstruction workflow, these differences were observed to be minimal given radionuclides with average positron energies below ~ 400 keV. CONCLUSION Our measurements and simulations of the influence of positron range on PET resolution compare well with previous efforts documented in the literature and provide new data for several radionuclides in increasing clinical and preclinical use. The results will support current and future improvements in methods for positron range corrections in PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Leon Kesner
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - E C Pratt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - V A Sanders
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - A V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C S Cutler
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - S E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Benedetto R, Massicano AVF, Crenshaw BK, Oliveira R, Reis RM, Araújo EB, Lapi SE. 89Zr-DFO-Cetuximab as a Molecular Imaging Agent to Identify Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:288-296. [PMID: 30865493 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the improvement in clinical outcomes for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as the result of cetuximab, patients may present with or develop resistance that increases tumor recurrence rates and limits clinical efficacy. Therefore, identifying those patients who are or become resistant is essential to tailor the best therapeutic approach. Materials and Methods: Cetuximab was conjugated to p-NCS-Bz-DFO and labeled with 89Zr. The resistance model was developed by treating FaDu cells with cetuximab. Western blotting (WB) and specific binding assays were performed to evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab uptake in FaDu cetuximab-resistant (FCR) and FaDu cetuximab-sensitive (FCS) cells. Positron emission tomography imaging and biodistribution were conducted in NU/NU nude mice implanted with FCR or FCS cells. Results: Cetuximab was successfully radiolabeled with 89Zr (≥95%). Binding assays performed in FCR and FCS cells showed significantly lower 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab uptake in FCR (p < 0.0001). WB suggests that the resistance mechanism is associated with EGFR downregulation (p = 0.038). This result is in agreement with the low uptake of 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab in FCR cells. Tumor uptake of 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab in FCR was significantly lower than FCS tumors (p = 0.0340). Conclusions: In this work, the authors showed that 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab is suitable for identification of EGFR downregulation in vitro and in vivo. This radiopharmaceutical may be useful for monitoring resistance in HNSCC patients during cetuximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Benedetto
- 1 Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana V F Massicano
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryant K Crenshaw
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Renato Oliveira
- 3 Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- 3 Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine B Araújo
- 1 Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
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13
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Massicano AVF, Lee S, Crenshaw BK, Aweda TA, El Sayed R, Super I, Bose R, Marquez-Nostra BV, Lapi SE. Imaging of HER2 with [ 89Zr]pertuzumab in Response to T-DM1 Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:209-217. [PMID: 30676778 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The success of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy depends on accurate characterization of HER2 expression, but current methods available have several limitations. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of [89Zr]pertuzumab imaging to monitor early response to Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) therapy in mice bearing xenografts of HER2-positive breast cancer (BCa). Materials and Methods: Pertuzumab was conjugated to DFO-Bz-NCS and labeled with 89Zr. Mice bearing BT-474 tumors were imaged with [89Zr]pertuzumab and [18F]FDG before and after T-DM1 therapy. Results: Pertuzumab was successfully labeled with 89Zr with a specific activity of 0.740 MBq/μg. Overall [18F]FDG images showed poor delineation of tumors. Using [18F]FDG-PET to measure tumor volume, the volume remained unchanged from 107.6 ± 20.7 mm3 before treatment to 89.87 ± 66.55 mm3 after treatment. In contrast, [89Zr]pertuzumab images showed good delineation of HER2-positive tumors, allowing accurate detection of changes in tumor volume (from 243.80 ± 40.91 mm3 before treatment to 78.4 ± 40.43 mm3 after treatment). Conclusion: [89Zr]pertuzumab may be an imaging probe for monitoring the response of HER2-positive BCa patients to T-DM1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V F Massicano
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Supum Lee
- 2 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bryant K Crenshaw
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tolulope A Aweda
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Retta El Sayed
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ian Super
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ron Bose
- 3 Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Suzanne E Lapi
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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14
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Larson-Casey JL, Gu L, Jackson PL, Briles DE, Hale JY, Blalock JE, Wells JM, Deshane JS, Wang Y, Davis D, Antony VB, Massicano AVF, Lapi SE, Carter AB. Macrophage Rac2 Is Required to Reduce the Severity of Cigarette Smoke-induced Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1288-1301. [PMID: 29897791 PMCID: PMC6290940 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2388oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cigarette smoking is prevalent in the United States and is the leading cause of preventable diseases. A prominent complication of smoking is an increase in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Although LRTIs are known to be increased in subjects that smoke, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Determine how cigarette smoke (CS) reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the phagocytic NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2), which is essential for innate immunity in lung macrophages. METHODS NOX2-derived ROS and Rac2 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2) activity were determined in BAL cells from wild-type and Rac2-/- mice exposed to CS or cadmium and in BAL cells from subjects that smoke. Host defense to respiratory pathogens was analyzed in mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS NOX2-derived ROS in BAL cells was reduced in mice exposed to CS via inhibition of the small GTPase Rac2. These mice had greater bacterial burden and increased mortality compared with air-exposed mice. BAL fluid from CS-exposed mice had increased levels of cadmium, which mediated the effect on Rac2. Similar observations were seen in human subjects that smoke. To support the importance of Rac2 in the macrophage immune response, overexpression of constitutively active Rac2 by lentiviral administration increased NOX2-derived ROS, decreased bacterial burden in lung tissue, and increased survival compared with CS-exposed control mice. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that therapies to maintain Rac2 activity in lung macrophages restore host defense against respiratory pathogens and diminish the prevalence of LRTIs in subjects that smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linlin Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Patricia L. Jackson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - J. Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - J. Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Dana Davis
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Veena B. Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - A. Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Radka CD, Radford LL, Massicano AVF, DeLucas LJ, Lapi SE, Aller SG. Essential Metal Uptake in Gram-negative Bacteria: X-ray Fluorescence, Radioisotopes, and Cell Fractionation. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443084 PMCID: PMC5912328 DOI: 10.3791/57169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a scalable method for the separation of the bacterial periplasm from the cytoplasm. This method is used to purify periplasmic protein for the purpose of biophysical characterization, and measure substrate transfer between periplasmic and cytoplasmic compartments. By carefully limiting the time that the periplasm is separated from the cytoplasm, the experimenter can extract the protein of interest and assay each compartment individually for substrate without carry-over contamination between compartments. The extracted protein from fractionation can then be further analyzed for three-dimensional structure determination or substrate-binding profiles. Alternatively, this method can be performed after incubation with a radiotracer to determine total percent uptake, as well as distribution of the tracer (and hence metal transport) across different bacterial compartments. Experimentation with a radiotracer can help differentiate between a physiological substrate and artefactual substrate, such as those caused by mismetallation. X-ray fluorescence can be used to discover the presence or absence of metal incorporation in a sample, as well as measure changes that may occur in metal incorporation as a product of growth conditions, purification conditions, and/or crystallization conditions. X-ray fluorescence also provides a relative measure of abundance for each metal, which can be used to determine the best metal energy absorption peak to use for anomalous X-ray scattering data collection. Radiometal uptake can be used as a method to validate the physiological nature of a substrate detected by X-ray fluorescence, as well as support the discovery of novel substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Radka
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Microbiology Theme, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Stephen G Aller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham;
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16
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Massicano AVF, Marquez-Nostra BV, Lapi SE. Targeting HER2 in Nuclear Medicine for Imaging and Therapy. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012117745386. [PMID: 29357745 PMCID: PMC5784567 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117745386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) has been extensively studied. Presently, there are 2 standard diagnostic techniques to assess HER2 status in biopsies: immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. While these techniques have played an important role in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive cancer, they both require invasive biopsies for analysis. Moreover, the expression of HER2 is heterogeneous in breast cancer and can change over the course of the disease. Thus, the degree of HER2 expression in the small sample size of biopsied tumors at the time of analysis may not represent the overall status of HER2 expression in the whole tumor and in between tumor foci in the metastatic setting as the disease progresses. Unlike biopsy, molecular imaging using probes against HER2 allows for a noninvasive, whole-body assessment of HER2 status in real time. This technique could potentially select patients who may benefit from HER2-directed therapy and offer alternative treatments to those who may not benefit. Several antibodies and small molecules against HER2 have been labeled with different radioisotopes for nuclear imaging and/or therapy. This review presents the most recent advances in HER2 targeting in nuclear medicine focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Pujatti PB, Massicano AVF, Mengatti J, de Araújo EB. Preparation of [In-111]-labeled-DTPA-bombesin conjugates at high specific activity and stability: evaluation of labeling parameters and potential stabilizers. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:856-63. [PMID: 22405643 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to obtain stabilized high specific activity (HSA) (111)In-labeled bombesin conjugates for preclinical evaluations. Parameters influencing the kinetics of labeling were investigated and the effect of stabilizers on HSA radiopeptides stability at room temperature were systematically categorized applying chromatography techniques. A SA of 174 GBq/μmol was achieved with high radiochemical purity, but the labeled compounds exhibited low stability. The addition of stabilizers avoided their radiolysis and significantly increased their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Pujatti
- Directory of Radiopharmacy, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Cidade Universitária da USP - Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Fukumori NTO, de Campos DG, Massicano AVF, de Pereira NPS, da Silva CPG, Matsuda MMN. A portable test system for determination of bacterial endotoxins in 18F-FDG, 99mTc, and lyophilized reagents for labeling with 99mTc. J Nucl Med Technol 2011; 39:121-4. [PMID: 21565953 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.110.081380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A rapid quantitative kinetic chromogenic test in an automated portable test system has been developed for in-process and end-product determination of bacterial endotoxins in water using the Limulus amebocyte lysate. The aim of this work was to validate the method for (18)F-FDG, (99m)Tc, and the lyophilized reagents methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP) and pyrophosphate for labeling with (99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals with no interfering factors. METHODS Experiments were performed on 3 consecutive batches of (18)F-FDG, (99m)Tc, MDP, and pyrophosphate produced at the Nuclear Energy and Research Institute of São Paulo, Brazil, using a portable test system. The maximum valid dilution (=500) was calculated to establish the extent of dilution to avoid interfering test conditions. RESULTS Better results were obtained above a 1:5 dilution factor for (18)F-FDG and (99m)Tc, 1:20 for MDP, and 1:100 for pyrophosphate. The requirements of the test were satisfied (R ≤ 0.980, recovery of product positive control between 50% and 200%, and coefficient variation of samples < 25%), and the endotoxin concentration was lower than the lowest concentration of the standard curve (0.05 endotoxin unit mL(-1)) and therefore less than the established limit in pharmacopoeias. CONCLUSION The portable test system is a rapid, simple, and accurate technique using the quantitative kinetic chromogenic method for bacterial endotoxin determination. For this reason, the test is practical for radiopharmaceutical uses and tends to be the method of choice for the pyrogen test. For (18)F-FDG, (99m)Tc, MDP, and pyrophosphate, the validation was successfully performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza T O Fukumori
- Nuclear Energy and Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Radiopharmacy Directory-DIRF, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pujatti PB, Santos JS, Massicano AVF, Mengatti J, De Araújo EB. Development of a new bombesin analog radiolabeled with lutetium-177: in vivo evaluation of the biological properties in Balb-C mice. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2010; 56:18-24. [PMID: 20525454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work we describe the first results of radiolabeling with lutetium-177 ((177)Lu) and in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics studies in normal Balb-c mice of a new bombesin analog (BEFG2)--DOTA-Phe-X-BBN(6-14), where X is a spacer of two aminoacids. Bombesin (BBN) is an amphibian analog of human gastrin releasing peptide (GRP). Development of radiolabeled BBN derivatives as agents for diagnostic imaging and systemic radiotherapy has increased considerable because of the observation that GRP receptors (GRPr) are over-expressed in a variety of human tumor cells, such as prostate tumor cells. (177)Lu-labeled peptides are attractive due to the excellent radiophysical properties and commercial availability of the radiometal. BEFG2 was successfully labeled with high yield and kept stable for more than 96 hours at 2-8 degrees C and 1 hour in human plasma. Data analysis obtained from the in vivo studies showed that the amount of BEFG2 present in plasma decreased rapidly and became almost undetectable at 60 min p.i., indicating rapid peptide excretion, which is performed mainly by renal pathway. In addition, biodistribution and single photon emission tomography showed low abdominal accumulation of (177)Lu-DOTA- Phe-X-BBN(6-14), indicating that this analog is a potential candidate for tumors target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Pujatti
- Directory of Radiopharmacy, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN/CNEN, São Paulo,
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