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Kumar P, Kumar S, Mishra M, Jaiswal K, Bharati PP, Yadav RS, Jain PK, Kumar V, Yadav M. Growth Assessment of Under-Five Children of Employed and Unemployed Mothers of Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48035. [PMID: 38034210 PMCID: PMC10688233 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The under-five age group is crucial because the health profile of this age group will have a huge effect on the future development of the nation. Early infancy is marked by several distinct developmental characteristics. Progress in each domain of childhood development is used to track a child's development. Objectives The objectives of the present study were to assess and compare the growth of under-five children of employed and unemployed mothers in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Material and methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in Etawah district's urban and rural areas between January 2021 and June 2022. A total of 200 mothers with children under the age of five were recruited using the purposive sampling method. To gather pertinent information, a semi-structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Results In the present study on the comparison of the growth of children among employed and unemployed mothers, it shows that 48 children (50.5%) with a weight between 10.5 and 15 kg were of employed mothers, while 52 children weighing less than 10.5kg were of unemployed mothers (p<0.001). Forty-four children (57.1%) with a chest circumference of more than 48 cm were of employed mothers, while 26 children (78.8%) with a chest circumference of less than 45 cm were of unemployed mothers (p = 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicates that statistically significant differences were found in age-appropriate gain in weight and chest circumference, which was higher among the children of employed mothers in comparison to children of unemployed mothers. There was no statistically significant difference in age-appropriate gain in height, head circumference, or mid-upper arm circumference among the children of employed mothers and unemployed mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Sandip Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Mohit Mishra
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Kirti Jaiswal
- Physiology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | | | - R S Yadav
- Botany, Karm Kshetra Post Graduate (K.K. P.G. College, Etawah, IND
| | - P K Jain
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND
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Yadav RS, Bahadur A, Rai SB. Multicolor tunable bright photoluminescence in Ca 2+/Mg 2+ modified Eu 3+ doped ZnGa 2O 4 phosphors under UV excitation for solid state lighting applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20164-20178. [PMID: 37416910 PMCID: PMC10320687 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eu3+ doped and Mg2+/Ca2+ co-doped ZnGa2O4 phosphor samples were synthesized by solid-state reaction method and their structural and optical properties studied. The phase, crystallinity and particles size of the phosphor samples were studied by XRD and SEM measurements. EDS analyses were used to identify the elements present in the phosphor materials. The vibrational groups present in the phosphor samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. Pure ZnGa2O4 emits intense blue light under 260 nm excitation. However, Eu3+ doped and Mg2+/Ca2+ co-doped ZnGa2O4 phosphor samples exhibit intense red emission under 393 nm excitation. A bluish white color is observed in these samples under 290 nm excitation. The maximum PL emission intensity is found at 0.1 mol% Eu3+ doping concentration. For higher concentrations, concentration quenching was observed due to dipole-dipole interaction. The emission intensity is enhanced upto 1.20 and 2.91 times on co-doping of Mg2+ and Ca2+via induced crystal field due to charge imbalance. The emission intensity of the phosphor is found to enhance further on annealing the samples at 873 K. Under various excitation wavelengths, color tunability was seen from blue to bluish-white to red regions. The lifetime of the 5D0 level of the Eu3+ ion improves via doping of Mg2+/Ca2+ ions and it increases appreciably on annealing. The temperature dependent photoluminescence study (TDPL) reveals a thermal quenching behavior of the sample with thermal stability ∼65% and activation energy ∼0.223 eV in the Eu3+/Ca2+ co-doped ZnGa2O4 phosphor sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - A Bahadur
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Shyam Bahadur Rai
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
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Gangashetty PI, Yadav CB, Riyazaddin M, Vermula A, Asungre PA, Angarawai I, Mur LAJ, Yadav RS. Genotype-by-environment interactions for starch, mineral, and agronomic traits in pearl millet hybrids evaluated across five locations in West Africa. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1171773. [PMID: 37287714 PMCID: PMC10242008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Pearl millet is a staple cereal grown in the harshest environments of arid and semi-arid regions of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. It is the primary source of calories for millions of people in these regions because it has better adaptation to harsh environmental conditions and better nutritional traits than many other cereals. By screening the pearl millet inbred germplasm association panel (PMiGAP), we earlier reported the best genotypes with the highest concentration of slowly digestible and resistant starch in their grains. Methods In the current study, we tested these 20 top-performing pearl millet hybrids, identified based on starch data, in a randomised block design with three replications at five locations in West Africa, viz. Sadore and Konni (Niger), Bambey (Senegal), Kano (Nigeria), and Bawku (Ghana). Phenotypic variability was assessed for agronomic traits and mineral traits (Fe and Zn). Results and discussion Analysis of variance demonstrated significant genotypic, environmental, and GEI effects among five testing environments for agronomic traits (days to 50% flowering, panicle length, and grain yield), starch traits (rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, resistant starch, and total starch), and mineral trait (iron and zinc). Starch traits, such as rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS), showed nonsignificant genotypic and environmental interactions but high heritability, indicating the lower environmental influence on these traits in the genotype × testing environments. Genotype stability and mean performance across all the traits were estimated by calculating the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), which showed that genotypes G3 (ICMX207070), G8 (ICMX207160), and G13 (ICMX207184) were the best performing and most stable among the five test environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash I. Gangashetty
- Crop Breeding cluster, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Crop Breeding cluster, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Niamey, Nigeria
| | - Chandra Bhan Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding, National Institute of Agricultural Botany-East Malling Research Station (NIAB-EMR), East Malling, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Riyazaddin
- Crop Breeding cluster, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Niamey, Nigeria
| | - Anilkumar Vermula
- Crop Breeding cluster, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ignatitius Angarawai
- Seed Systems cluster, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Kano, Nigeria
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Yadav CB, Gangashetty PI, Beckmann M, Mur LAJ, Yadav RS. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction Analysis of Metabolites in Pearl Millet Genotypes with High Concentrations of Slowly Digestible and Resistant Starch in Their Grains. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193109. [PMID: 36231070 PMCID: PMC9563316 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) should play an important role in the selection of suitable germplasm in breeding programmes. We here assessed GEI effects on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) genotypes, selected to possess a high concentration of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) in their grains. Entries were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at locations in Bawku-Ghana, Sadore-Niger, Bamako-Mali, Konni-Nigeria, and Gampella-Burkina Faso across West Africa. Harvested grains from these locations were metabolomically profiled using flow injection ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS). A total of 3144 mass features (m/z) (1560 negative ion mode and 1584 positive ion mode) were detected, of which, 475 m/z were linked to metabolites be involved in starch, antioxidant and lipid biosynthesis, and vitamin metabolism. Combined ANOVA revealed that the GEI was significantly evident for 54 health-benefiting metabolites, many associated with sugar, especially galactose, metabolism. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis examined genotype variation and GEI effects, which, when combined with principal component analysis (PCA), found that m/z 171.14864 (positive ionisation, propenyl heptanoate) accounted for 89% of the GEI variation along PC1. The AMMI-based stability parameter (ASTAB), modified AMMI stability value (MASV), and modified AMMI stability index (MASI) were then applied to identify stable and high-performing genotypes for all the health-benefiting metabolites. Similarly, the best-linear-unbiased-prediction (BLUP)-based stability estimation was also performed using the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV), and harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV), to identify genotype rankings across multiple environments. The multi-trait stability index (MTSI) was calculated and found that the genotypes G1 (ICMH-177111) and G24 (ICMX-207137) were the most stable and were the best mean performers across 52 health-benefiting metabolic traits. These findings demonstrate the potential of G × E assessments on the delivery of health-benefiting metabolite-rich grains in future varieties and hybrids of pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhan Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Prakash I. Gangashetty
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
- Correspondence:
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Khosla S, Verma S, Datta S, Sharma S, Sharma R, Walia H, Sabrol H, Madan N, Rani M, Sood N, Singh Y, Kahol V, Rattan P, Pachpore P, Sethi S, Singh L, Raina KK, Yadav RS, Dutta S, Roy S, Parthipan K, Saidaiah G, Mukherjee R, Srilatha M, Devuni V, Aggarwal M, Magesh. A review of modern and Vedic practices on use of umbilical cord. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2588-2591. [PMID: 35983664 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stromal cells possess unique properties to regenerate themselves and cure various chronic illnesses. An easily available and ethical source for procurement of stromal cells is umbilical cord blood which is now being stored for future use. Vedic texts also describe the cord blood as a source of life. However, Indian traditions seem to preserve one more alternative for storage and procurement of stromal cells. Traditionally, in many parts of India, the umbilical cord stump is dried and stored for future use. It is used as a medicine for some illness and to treat infertility. Since Indian traditions are an excerpt of Vedic science, it points towards the possible emergence of dried stump as an easy and cost-effective means for stromal cell procurement and storage. The present review compiles the literature available on these traditional practices and stresses upon the need of rigorous experimental and theoretical research in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sisir Roy
- National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - K Parthipan
- DAV Public School, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
| | - G Saidaiah
- DAV Public School, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
| | | | - M Srilatha
- Acharya Nagarjuna University, Namburu, India
| | | | | | - Magesh
- DAV Public School, Chennai, India
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Yadav CB, Srivastava RK, Beynon S, Englyst K, Gangashetty PI, Yadav RS. Genetic variability and genome‐wide marker association studies for starch traits contributing to low glycaemic index in pearl millet. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhan Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics Patancheru India
| | - Sarah Beynon
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK
| | | | - Prakash I. Gangashetty
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics Patancheru India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics Niamey Niger
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK
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Raina S, Katna A, Dhiman H, Sharma R, Kumar M, Yadav RS. Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among patients with heart failure admitted in a tertiary care hospital of sub-Himalayan region in North India. J Clin Prev Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_16_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Raghavendra K, Sharma SK, Yadav RS, Srivastava HC, Bhatt RM, Pant CS, Haque MA, Sreehari U. Durability, household usage and washing pattern of DuraNet © and Interceptor ® long-lasting insecticidal nets in long-term field trials in India. J Vector Borne Dis 2021; 58:219-227. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.328974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Yadav CB, Tokas J, Yadav D, Winters A, Singh RB, Yadav R, Gangashetty PI, Srivastava RK, Yadav RS. Identifying Anti-Oxidant Biosynthesis Genes in Pearl Millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Using Genome-Wide Association Analysis. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:599649. [PMID: 34122460 PMCID: PMC8194398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.599649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R Br.] is an important staple food crop in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. It is a cereal grain that has the prospect to be used as a substitute for wheat flour for celiac patients. It is an important antioxidant food resource present with a wide range of phenolic compounds that are good sources of natural antioxidants. The present study aimed to identify the total antioxidant content of pearl millet flour and apply it to evaluate the antioxidant activity of its 222 genotypes drawn randomly from the pearl millet inbred germplasm association panel (PMiGAP), a world diversity panel of this crop. The total phenolic content (TPC) significantly correlated with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (% inhibition), which ranged from 2.32 to 112.45% and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity ranging from 21.68 to 179.66 (mg ascorbic acid eq./100 g). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using 222 diverse accessions and 67 K SNPs distributed across all the seven pearl millet chromosomes. Approximately, 218 SNPs were found to be strongly associated with DPPH and FRAP activity at high confidence [-log (p) > 3.0-7.4]. Furthermore, flanking regions of significantly associated SNPs were explored for candidate gene harvesting. This identified 18 candidate genes related to antioxidant pathway genes (flavanone 7-O-beta-glycosyltransferase, GDSL esterase/lipase, glutathione S-transferase) residing within or near the association signal that can be selected for further functional characterization. Patterns of genetic variability and the associated genes reported in this study are useful findings, which would need further validation before their utilization in molecular breeding for high antioxidant-containing pearl millet cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhan Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Devvart Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Ram B. Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Rama Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rattan S. Yadav
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Srivastava RK, Singh RB, Pujarula VL, Bollam S, Pusuluri M, Chellapilla TS, Yadav RS, Gupta R. Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Selection in Pearl Millet: Advances and Prospects. Front Genet 2020; 10:1389. [PMID: 32180790 PMCID: PMC7059752 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is a climate-resilient, drought-tolerant crop capable of growing in marginal environments of arid and semi-arid regions globally. Pearl millet is a staple food for more than 90 million people living in poverty and can address the triple burden of malnutrition substantially. It remained a neglected crop until the turn of the 21st century, and much emphasis has been placed since then on the development of various genetic and genomic resources for whole-genome scan studies, such as the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS). This was facilitated by the advent of sequencing-based genotyping, such as genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), RAD-sequencing, and whole-genome re-sequencing (WGRS) in pearl millet. To carry out GWAS and GS, a world association mapping panel called the Pearl Millet inbred Germplasm Association Panel (PMiGAP) was developed at ICRISAT in partnership with Aberystwyth University. This panel consisted of germplasm lines, landraces, and breeding lines from 27 countries and was re-sequenced using the WGRS approach. It has a repository of circa 29 million genome-wide SNPs. PMiGAP has been used to map traits related to drought tolerance, grain Fe and Zn content, nitrogen use efficiency, components of endosperm starch, grain yield, etc. Genomic selection in pearl millet was jump-started recently by WGRS, RAD, and tGBS (tunable genotyping-by-sequencing) approaches for the PMiGAP and hybrid parental lines. Using multi-environment phenotyping of various training populations, initial attempts have been made to develop genomic selection models. This mini review discusses advances and prospects in GWAS and GS for pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ram B Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Pujarula
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Srikanth Bollam
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhu Pusuluri
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Tara Satyavathi Chellapilla
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet (AICRP-PM), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Jodhpur, India
| | - Rattan S Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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Alam S, Yadav RS, Pal A, Purshottam SK, Chaudhari BP, Das M, Ansari KM. Corrigendum to "Dietary administration of Nexrutine inhibits rat liver tumorigenesis and induces apoptotic cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells". [Toxicol. Rep. 2 (2014) (November) 1-11]. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1314-1315. [PMID: 31993332 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.006.].
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alam
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box#80, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - R S Yadav
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box#80, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - A Pal
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box#80, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - S K Purshottam
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box#80, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - B P Chaudhari
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box#80, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - M Das
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box#80, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - K M Ansari
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box#80, Lucknow, 226001, India
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12
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Basava RK, Hash CT, Mahendrakar MD, Kishor P. B. K, Satyavathi CT, Kumar S, Singh RB, Yadav RS, Gupta R, Srivastava RK. Discerning combining ability loci for divergent environments using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in pearl millet. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218916. [PMID: 31461465 PMCID: PMC6713397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important crop for arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Genomic regions associated with combining ability for yield-related traits under irrigated and drought conditions are useful in heterosis breeding programs. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are excellent genetic resources for precise QTL mapping and identifying naturally occurring favorable alleles. In the present study, testcross hybrid populations of 85 CSSLs were evaluated for 15 grain and stover yield-related traits for summer and wet seasons under irrigated control (CN) and moisture stress (MS) conditions. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects of all these traits were estimated and significant marker loci linked to GCA and SCA of the traits were identified. Heritability of the traits ranged from 53-94% in CN and 63-94% in MS. A total of 40 significant GCA loci and 36 significant SCA loci were identified for 14 different traits. Five QTLs (flowering time, panicle number and panicle yield linked to Xpsmp716 on LG4, flowering time and grain number per panicle with Xpsmp2076 on LG4) simultaneously controlled both GCA and SCA, demonstrating their unique genetic basis and usefulness for hybrid breeding programs. This study for the first time demonstrated the potential of a set of CSSLs for trait mapping in pearl millet. The novel combining ability loci linked with GCA and SCA values of the traits identified in this study may be useful in pearl millet hybrid and population improvement programs using marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramana Kumari Basava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Charles Thomas Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Mahesh D. Mahendrakar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - C. Tara Satyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet (AICRP-PM), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - R. B. Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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13
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Manvi S, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, Yadav RS, Bhushan S, Chauhan PS. Psoriasis and Co-morbidities: Is Hyperhomocystienemia the Common Link? J Assoc Physicians India 2019; 67:29-32. [PMID: 31309792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocystienemia is a plausible common link between psoriasis and associated co-morbidities. AIM To assess and compare serum homocystiene levels in 160(M:F 94:66) patients aged 18-70 years with chronic plaque psoriasis of varying severity with or without metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and thyroid disorders and controls. The 155 controls (M:F 97:58) were healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 66 years. RESULTS Overall, 123 (76.9%) psoriasis patients with or without co-morbidities and 87 (56.1%) controls had elevated serum homocystiene levels; 23.48±14.37 and 18.74±12.59 (mean±SD) µmol/L, respectively. Eighty-one (58%) patients had associated co-morbidities with mean serum homocystiene levels of 22.65±13.70 µmol/L.The difference between psoriasis patients with or without comorbidities and controls was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocystienemia in psoriasis patients with or without comorbidities versus healthy controls suggests its possible dysregulation in psoriasis. The significance of hyperhomocystienemia as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular or other comorbidities in psoriasis patients remains tenuous at best. Well-designed studies will perhaps resolve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujaya Manvi
- Resident, Dr. R.P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh
| | - Vikram K Mahajan
- Prof., Dr. R.P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh; *Corresponding Author
| | - Karaninder S Mehta
- Assoc. Prof., Dr. R.P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh
| | - R S Yadav
- Prof., Dr. R.P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh
| | - Satya Bhushan
- Asst. Prof., Departments of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy and Biochemistry, Dr. R.P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh
| | - Pushpinder S Chauhan
- Asst. Prof., Departments of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy and Biochemistry, Dr. R.P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh
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14
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Humphreys MW, Doonan JH, Boyle R, Rodriguez AC, Marley CL, Williams K, Farrell MS, Brook J, Gasior D, Loka D, Collins RP, Marshall AH, Allen DK, Yadav RS, Dungait JAJ, Murray P, Harper JA. Root imaging showing comparisons in root distribution and ontogeny in novel Festulolium populations and closely related perennial ryegrass varieties. Food Energy Secur 2018; 7:e00145. [PMID: 30774947 PMCID: PMC6360931 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of new sophisticated phenotyping technologies within a crop improvement program allows for a plant breeding strategy that can include selections for major root traits previously inaccessible due to the challenges in their phenotype assessment. High-throughput precision phenotyping technology is employed to evaluate root ontogeny and progressive changes to root architecture of both novel amphiploid and introgression lines of Festulolium over four consecutive months of the growing season and these compared under the same time frame to that of closely related perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) varieties. Root imaging using conventional photography and assembled multiple merged images was used to compare frequencies in root number, their distribution within 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths within soil columns, and progressive changes over time. The Festulolium hybrids had more extensive root systems in comparison with L. perenne, and this was especially evident at depth. It was shown that the acquisition of extensive root systems in Festulolium hybrids was not dependent on the presence of an entire Festuca genome. On the contrary, the most pronounced effect on root development within the four Festulolium populations studied was observed in the introgression line Bx509, where a single small genome sequence from F. arundinacea had been previously transferred onto its homoeologous site on the long arm of chromosome 3 of an otherwise complete L. perenne genome. This demonstrates that a targeted introgression-breeding approach may be sufficient to confer a significant improvement in the root morphology in Lolium without a significant compromise to its genome integrity. The forage production of Bx509 was either higher (months 1-3) or equivalent to (month 4) that of its L. perenne parent control demonstrating that the enhanced root development achieved by the introgression line was without compromise to its agronomic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John H. Doonan
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Roger Boyle
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Anyela C. Rodriguez
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
- Genetics and BreedingThe John Bingham Laboratory National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB)CambridgeUK
| | | | - Kevin Williams
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | | | - Jason Brook
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Dagmara Gasior
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Dimitra Loka
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | | | | | - Debbie K. Allen
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
| | | | - Phil Murray
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonDevonUK
| | - John A. Harper
- IBERSAberystwyth University, GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionUK
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15
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Kumar S, Hash CT, Nepolean T, Mahendrakar MD, Satyavathi CT, Singh G, Rathore A, Yadav RS, Gupta R, Srivastava RK. Mapping Grain Iron and Zinc Content Quantitative Trait Loci in an Iniadi-Derived Immortal Population of Pearl Millet. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E248. [PMID: 29751669 PMCID: PMC5977188 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is a climate-resilient nutritious crop requiring low inputs and is capable of giving economic returns in marginal agro-ecologies. In this study, we report large-effect iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using diversity array technology (DArT) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers to generate a genetic linkage map using 317 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the (ICMS 8511-S1-17-2-1-1-B-P03 × AIMP 92901-S1-183-2-2-B-08) cross. The base map [seven linkage groups (LGs)] of 196 loci was 964.2 cM in length (Haldane). AIMP 92901-S1-183-2-2-B-08 is an Iniadi line with high grain Fe and Zn, tracing its origin to the Togolese Republic, West Africa. The content of grain Fe in the RIL population ranged between 20 and 131 ppm (parts per million), and that of Zn from 18 to 110 ppm. QTL analysis revealed a large number of QTLs for high grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content. A total of 19 QTLs for Fe and Zn were detected, of which 11 were for Fe and eight were for Zn. The portion of the observed phenotypic variance explained by different QTLs for grain Fe and Zn content varied from 9.0 to 31.9% (cumulative 74%) and from 9.4 to 30.4% (cumulative 65%), respectively. Three large-effect QTLs for both minerals were co-mapped in this population, one on LG1 and two on LG7. The favorable QTL alleles of both mineral micronutrients were contributed by the male parent (AIMP 92901-deriv-08). Three putative epistasis interactions were observed for Fe content, while a single digenic interaction was found for Zn content. The reported QTLs may be useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs, in genomic selection (GS) breeding pipelines for seed and restorer parents, and in population improvement programs for pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Centre, SK Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner 334006, India.
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana 502324, India.
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110, India.
| | - Charles Tom Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Niamey 8001, Niger.
| | | | - Mahesh D Mahendrakar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana 502324, India.
| | | | - Govind Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Centre, SK Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner 334006, India.
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana 502324, India.
| | - Rattan S Yadav
- Crop Genetics, Genomics and Breeding Division, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23, UK.
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana 502324, India.
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana 502324, India.
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16
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Raina S, Agarwal VK, Kapoor D, Sharma KN, Yadav RS. Hypertension as Determinant of Hyperuricemia: A Case Control Study from the Sub-Himalayan Region in North India. J Assoc Physicians India 2018; 66:14-18. [PMID: 30341839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association between hyperuricemia and hypertension has been recognized for many years. Whether hyperuricemia is the cause or the effect is debatable. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case control study was conducted to assess serum uric acid (SUA) levels in fifty newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients and fifty normotensive controls which were matched for age and sex. Detailed anthropometric characteristics including height, weight, body mass index and waist hip ratio were measured. Hypertension was classified according to Joint National Committee (JNC) 7 criteria. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA level of 6.8mg/dl or more in both men and women. SUA was measured by uricase method. Before collecting the blood samples, patients were advised to proceed on overnight fast of minimum eight hrs. Student's t‑test for mean of continuous variables and Chi‑square test for proportions were used for statistical significance. RESULTS Present study included 50 newly diagnosed cases of essential hypertension and 50 age and sex matched normotensive healthy volunteer. Prevalence of hyperuricemia was 24% among the cases and 6% among the controls (P < 0 .05). Odds ratio was 4.9 (Cl=1.3 to 18.8). The mean SUA was significantly higher in the cases (5.5±1.7 mg/dl) than in the controls (4.9±1.1 mg/dl; P< 0.05). Odds ratio in male hyperuricemic hypertensive versus hyperuricemic normotensive was 6(CI=1.0 to 33.2) and 4.46(CI=0.4 to 42.5) among female hyperuricemic hypertensive versus hyperuricemic normotensives. CONCLUSION Strong positive association was observed between hypertension and hyperuricemia in both male and female patients in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R S Yadav
- Professor, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
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17
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Kumar S, Hash CT, Nepolean T, Satyavathi CT, Singh G, Mahendrakar MD, Yadav RS, Srivastava RK. Mapping QTLs Controlling Flowering Time and Important Agronomic Traits in Pearl Millet. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1731. [PMID: 29326729 PMCID: PMC5742331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple crop for the people of arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It is fast gaining importance as a climate resilient nutricereal. Exploiting the bold seeded, semi-dwarf, and early flowering genotypes in pearl millet is a key breeding strategy to enhance yield, adaptability, and for adequate food in resource-poor zones. Genetic variation for agronomic traits of pearl millet inbreds can be used to dissect complex traits through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. This study was undertaken to map a set of agronomically important traits like flowering time (FT), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), and grain weight (self and open-pollinated seeds) in the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of ICMB 841-P3 × 863B-P2 cross. Excluding grain weight (open pollinated), heritabilities for FT, PH, PL, grain weight (selfed) were in high to medium range. A total of six QTLs for FT were detected on five chromosomes, 13 QTLs for PH on six chromosomes, 11 QTLs for PL on five chromosomes, and 14 QTLs for 1,000-grain weight (TGW) spanning five chromosomes. One major QTL on LG3 was common for FT and PH. Three major QTLs for PL, one each on LG1, LG2, and LG6B were detected. The large effect QTL for TGW (self) on LG6B had a phenotypic variance (R2) of 62.1%. The R2 for FT, TGW (self), and PL ranged from 22.3 to 59.4%. A total of 21 digenic interactions were discovered for FT (R2 = 18-40%) and PL (R2 = 13-19%). The epistatic effects did not reveal any significant QTL × QTL × environment (QQE) interactions. The mapped QTLs for flowering time and other agronomic traits in present experiment can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Centre, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - C. Tom Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
| | - T. Nepolean
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Govind Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Centre, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India
| | | | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
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18
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Chakravartty N, Mohan KK, Lachagari VR, Nayaka SC, Shetty S, Satyavathi HT, Yadav RS, Kishor PK, Nagaraju M, Anoop T, Kumar MM, Kuriakose B, Singh OV, Sahu PP, Puranik S, Kaushal P, Srivastava RK. Draft genome sequence of Sclerospora graminicola, the pearl millet downy mildew pathogen. Can J Biotech 2017. [DOI: 10.24870/cjb.2017-a256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Varshney RK, Shi C, Thudi M, Mariac C, Wallace J, Qi P, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Wang X, Rathore A, Srivastava RK, Chitikineni A, Fan G, Bajaj P, Punnuri S, Gupta SK, Wang H, Jiang Y, Couderc M, Katta MAVSK, Paudel DR, Mungra KD, Chen W, Harris-Shultz KR, Garg V, Desai N, Doddamani D, Kane NA, Conner JA, Ghatak A, Chaturvedi P, Subramaniam S, Yadav OP, Berthouly-Salazar C, Hamidou F, Wang J, Liang X, Clotault J, Upadhyaya HD, Cubry P, Rhoné B, Gueye MC, Sunkar R, Dupuy C, Sparvoli F, Cheng S, Mahala RS, Singh B, Yadav RS, Lyons E, Datta SK, Hash CT, Devos KM, Buckler E, Bennetzen JL, Paterson AH, Ozias-Akins P, Grando S, Wang J, Mohapatra T, Weckwerth W, Reif JC, Liu X, Vigouroux Y, Xu X. Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:969-976. [PMID: 28922347 PMCID: PMC6871012 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Draft genome, 994 re-sequenced lines and GWAS for yield-traits provide a resource of genetics and genomics tools for pearl millet researchers and breeders. Pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India and South Asia. We report the ∼1.79 Gb draft whole genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. We highlight the substantial enrichment for wax biosynthesis genes, which may contribute to heat and drought tolerance in this crop. We resequenced and analyzed 994 pearl millet lines, enabling insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We use these resequencing data to establish marker trait associations for genomic selection, to define heterotic pools, and to predict hybrid performance. We believe that these resources should empower researchers and breeders to improve this important staple crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Mahendar Thudi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Cedric Mariac
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Peng Qi
- University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Yusheng Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Xiyin Wang
- University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Prasad Bajaj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - S K Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Hao Wang
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Marie Couderc
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Mohan A V S K Katta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Dev R Paudel
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - K D Mungra
- Junagadh Agricultural University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Karen R Harris-Shultz
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Tifton, Georgia, USA
| | - Vanika Garg
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Neetin Desai
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Amity University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dadakhalandar Doddamani
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Ndjido Ardo Kane
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Arindam Ghatak
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, D.Y. Patil University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabarinath Subramaniam
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Phoenix Bioinformatics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Om Parkash Yadav
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Cécile Berthouly-Salazar
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Falalou Hamidou
- ICRISAT Sahelian Center, Niamey, Niger.,Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger
| | | | | | - Jérémy Clotault
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hari D Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Philippe Cubry
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Bénédicte Rhoné
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mame Codou Gueye
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Francesca Sparvoli
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Milan, Italy
| | | | - R S Mahala
- Pioneer Hi-Bred Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Bharat Singh
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia, USA
| | - Rattan S Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Eric Lyons
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Edward Buckler
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,USDA-ARS, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Grando
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | | | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen C Reif
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao, China.,China National GeneBank (CNGB), Shenzen, China
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20
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Ramya AR, Ahamed M L, Satyavathi CT, Rathore A, Katiyar P, Raj AGB, Kumar S, Gupta R, Mahendrakar MD, Yadav RS, Srivastava RK. Towards Defining Heterotic Gene Pools in Pearl Millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1934. [PMID: 29552020 PMCID: PMC5841052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is a climate resilient crop and one of the most widely grown millets worldwide. Heterotic hybrid development is one of the principal breeding objectives in pearl millet. In a maiden attempt to identify heterotic groups for grain yield, a total of 343 hybrid parental [maintainer (B-) and restorer (R-)] lines were genotyped with 88 polymorphic SSR markers. The SSRs generated a total of 532 alleles with a mean value of 6.05 alleles per locus, mean gene diversity of 0.55, and an average PIC of 0.50. Out of 532 alleles, 443 (83.27%) alleles were contributed by B-lines with a mean of 5.03 alleles per locus. R-lines contributed 476 alleles (89.47%) with a mean of 5.41, while 441 (82.89%) alleles were shared commonly between B- and R-lines. The gene diversity was higher among R-lines (0.55) compared to B-lines (0.49). The unweighted neighbor-joining tree based on simple matching dissimilarity matrix obtained from SSR data clearly differentiated B- lines into 10 sub-clusters (B1 through B10), and R- lines into 11 sub-clusters (R1 through R11). A total of 99 hybrids (generated by crossing representative 9 B- and 11 R- lines) along with checks were evaluated in the hybrid trial. The 20 parents were evaluated in the line trial. Both the trials were evaluated in three environments. Based on per se performance, high sca effects and standard heterosis, F1s generated from crosses between representatives of groups B10R5, B3R5, B3R6, B4UD, B5R11, B2R4, and B9R9 had high specific combining ability for grain yield compared to rest of the crosses. These groups may represent putative heterotic gene pools in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Radhika Ramya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Crops, Patancheru, India
| | - Lal Ahamed M
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, India
| | - C. Tara Satyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Jodhpur, India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Crops, Patancheru, India
| | - Pooja Katiyar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Crops, Patancheru, India
| | - A. G. Bhasker Raj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Crops, Patancheru, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Crops, Patancheru, India
| | | | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Crops, Patancheru, India
- *Correspondence: Rakesh K. Srivastava
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Kumar S, Hash CT, Thirunavukkarasu N, Singh G, Rajaram V, Rathore A, Senapathy S, Mahendrakar MD, Yadav RS, Srivastava RK. Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling High Iron and Zinc Content in Self and Open Pollinated Grains of Pearl Millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1636. [PMID: 27933068 PMCID: PMC5120122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is a multipurpose grain/fodder crop of the semi-arid tropics, feeding many of the world's poorest and most undernourished people. Genetic variation among adapted pearl millet inbreds and hybrids suggests it will be possible to improve grain micronutrient concentrations by selective breeding. Using 305 loci, a linkage map was constructed to map QTLs for grain iron [Fe] and zinc [Zn] using replicated samples of 106 pearl millet RILs (F6) derived from ICMB 841-P3 × 863B-P2. The grains of the RIL population were evaluated for Fe and Zn content using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Grain mineral concentrations ranged from 28.4 to 124.0 ppm for Fe and 28.7 to 119.8 ppm for Zn. Similarly, grain Fe and Zn in open pollinated seeds ranged between 22.4-77.4 and 21.9-73.7 ppm, respectively. Mapping with 305 (96 SSRs; 208 DArT) markers detected seven linkage groups covering 1749 cM (Haldane) with an average intermarker distance of 5.73 cM. On the basis of two environment phenotypic data, two co-localized QTLs for Fe and Zn content on linkage group (LG) 3 were identified by composite interval mapping (CIM). Fe QTL explained 19% phenotypic variation, whereas the Zn QTL explained 36% phenotypic variation. Likewise for open pollinated seeds, the QTL analysis led to the identification of two QTLs for grain Fe content on LG3 and 5, and two QTLs for grain Zn content on LG3 and 7. The total phenotypic variance for Fe and Zn QTLs in open pollinated seeds was 16 and 42%, respectively. Analysis of QTL × QTL and QTL × QTL × environment interactions indicated no major epistasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Centre, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural UniversityBikaner, India; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India; Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural UniversityAnand, India
| | - Charles T Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Govind Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Centre, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University Bikaner, India
| | - Vengaldas Rajaram
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru, India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru, India
| | | | - Mahesh D Mahendrakar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru, India
| | - Rattan S Yadav
- Crop Genetics, Genomics and Breeding Division, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru, India
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Kam J, Puranik S, Yadav R, Manwaring HR, Pierre S, Srivastava RK, Yadav RS. Dietary Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes: How Millet Comes to Help. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1454. [PMID: 27729921 PMCID: PMC5037128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a highly problematic and increasingly prevalent disease world-wide. It has contributed toward 1.5 million deaths in 2012. Management techniques for diabetes prevention in high-risk as well as in affected individuals, beside medication, are mainly through changes in lifestyle and dietary regulation. Particularly, diet can have a great influence on life quality for those that suffer from, as well as those at risk of, diabetes. As such, considerations on nutritional aspects are required to be made to include in dietary intervention. This review aims to give an overview on the general consensus of current dietary and nutritional recommendation for diabetics. In light of such recommendation, the use of plant breeding, conventional as well as more recently developed molecular marker-based breeding and biofortification, are discussed in designing crops with desired characteristics. While there are various recommendations available, dietary choices are restricted by availability due to geo-, political-, or economical- considerations. This particularly holds true for countries such as India, where 65 million people (up from 50 million in 2010) are currently diabetic and their numbers are rising at an alarming rate. Millets are one of the most abundant crops grown in India as well as in Africa, providing a staple food source for many poorest of the poor communities in these countries. The potentials of millets as a dietary component to combat the increasing prevalence of global diabetes are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kam
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, AberystwythUK
| | - Swati Puranik
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, AberystwythUK
| | - Rama Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, AberystwythUK
| | - Hanna R. Manwaring
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, AberystwythUK
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, AberystwythUK
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, PatancheruIndia
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, AberystwythUK
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Saroj VK, Nakade UP, Sharma A, Yadav RS, Hajare SW, Garg SK. Functional involvement of L-type calcium channels and cyclic nucleotide-dependent pathways in cadmium-induced myometrial relaxation in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:276-286. [PMID: 27164925 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116646840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of myometrial spontaneity by cadmium (Cd) and its regulatory pathways was studied in rat uterus in the absence and presence of blockers of different signaling pathways. Isometric tension in myometrial strips, under a resting tension of 1 g, mounted in organ bath containing Ringer-Locke solution (RLS) continuously aerated with carbogen, was measured using data acquisition system-based physiograph and Lab Chart Pro V7.3.7 software. Mean integral tension was measured for 8 min. Cd (1 nM-0.1 mM) not only produced concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on rat myometrium but it (10 µM) also significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited calcium chloride and BAY K-8644-induced myometrial contraction. Glybenclamide (10 µM), 4-aminopyridine (1 mM), and propranolol (10 µM) failed to significantly attenuate Cd-induced inhibitory responses, while L-NAME (0.1 mM), 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 25 µM), and 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (SQ 22536; 1 µM) significantly ( p < 0.05) produced inhibitory effects on Cd-induced myometrial relaxation. Phenylephrine (1 nM-10 µM) and salbutamol (0.01 nM-0.1 µM)-induced relaxant effects on rat myometrium were significantly potentiated by 10 µM Cd. Thus based on the results of present functional study, it may be inferred that inhibitory effects of Cd on rat myometrium are mediated through blockade of L-type calcium channels and activation of NOS-NO-sGC and/or AC-cAMP pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Saroj
- 1 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, MAFSU, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - U P Nakade
- 2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - A Sharma
- 2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - R S Yadav
- 2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - S W Hajare
- 1 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Akola, MAFSU, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - S K Garg
- 2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
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Serba DD, Yadav RS. Genomic Tools in Pearl Millet Breeding for Drought Tolerance: Status and Prospects. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1724. [PMID: 27920783 PMCID: PMC5118443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet [Penisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.] is a hardy cereal crop grown in the arid and semiarid tropics where other cereals are likely to fail to produce economic yields due to drought and heat stresses. Adaptive evolution, a form of natural selection shaped the crop to grow and yield satisfactorily with limited moisture supply or under periodic water deficits in the soil. Drought tolerance is a complex polygenic trait that various morphological and physiological responses are controlled by 100s of genes and significantly influenced by the environment. The development of genomic tools will have enormous potential to improve the efficiency and precision of conventional breeding. The apparent independent domestication events, highly outcrossing nature and traditional cultivation in stressful environments maintained tremendous amount of polymorphism in pearl millet. This high polymorphism of the crop has been revealed by genome mapping that in turn stimulated the mapping and tagging of genomic regions controlling important traits such as drought tolerance. Mapping of a major QTL for terminal drought tolerance in independent populations envisaged the prospect for the development of molecular breeding in pearl millet. To accelerate genetic gains for drought tolerance targeted novel approaches such as establishment of marker-trait associations, genomic selection tools, genome sequence and genotyping-by-sequencing are still limited. Development and application of high throughput genomic tools need to be intensified to improve the breeding efficiency of pearl millet to minimize the impact of climate change on its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn D. Serba
- Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, HaysKS, USA
- *Correspondence: Desalegn D. Serba,
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
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Sehgal D, Skot L, Singh R, Srivastava RK, Das SP, Taunk J, Sharma PC, Pal R, Raj B, Hash CT, Yadav RS. Exploring potential of pearl millet germplasm association panel for association mapping of drought tolerance traits. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122165. [PMID: 25970600 PMCID: PMC4430295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A pearl millet inbred germplasm association panel (PMiGAP) comprising 250 inbred lines, representative of cultivated germplasm from Africa and Asia, elite improved open-pollinated cultivars, hybrid parental inbreds and inbred mapping population parents, was recently established. This study presents the first report of genetic diversity in PMiGAP and its exploitation for association mapping of drought tolerance traits. For diversity and genetic structure analysis, PMiGAP was genotyped with 37 SSR and CISP markers representing all seven linkage groups. For association analysis, it was phenotyped for yield and yield components and morpho-physiological traits under both well-watered and drought conditions, and genotyped with SNPs and InDels from seventeen genes underlying a major validated drought tolerance (DT) QTL. The average gene diversity in PMiGAP was 0.54. The STRUCTURE analysis revealed six subpopulations within PMiGAP. Significant associations were obtained for 22 SNPs and 3 InDels from 13 genes under different treatments. Seven SNPs associations from 5 genes were common under irrigated and one of the drought stress treatments. Most significantly, an important SNP in putative acetyl CoA carboxylase gene showed constitutive association with grain yield, grain harvest index and panicle yield under all treatments. An InDel in putative chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene was significantly associated with both stay-green and grain yield traits under drought stress. This can be used as a functional marker for selecting high yielding genotypes with 'stay green' phenotype under drought stress. The present study identified useful marker-trait associations of important agronomics traits under irrigated and drought stress conditions with genes underlying a major validated DT-QTL in pearl millet. Results suggest that PMiGAP is a useful panel for association mapping. Expression patterns of genes also shed light on some physiological mechanisms underlying pearl millet drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Sehgal
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Leif Skot
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Richa Singh
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Das
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, India
| | - Jyoti Taunk
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Parbodh C. Sharma
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, India
| | - Ram Pal
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
- National Research Centre for Orchids, Darjeeling Campus, Darjeeling, India
| | - Bhasker Raj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Biological Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
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Yadav RS, Verma RK, Bahadur A, Rai SB. Infrared to infrared upconversion emission in Pr(3+)/Yb(3+) co-doped La2O3 and La(OH)3 nano-phosphors: a comparative study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 142:324-330. [PMID: 25706603 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Pr(3+)/Yb(3+) co-doped La2O3 and La(OH)3 nano-phosphors have been synthesized through solution combustion method. The structure and morphology of the samples have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The physical and optical properties of the samples have been measured and compared. A broad intense infrared emission centered at 850nm due to (1)I6→(1)G4 transition along with sharp green emission centerd at 513nm due to (3)P0→(3)H4 transition are observed on excitation with 976nm laser. The emission intensity of Pr(3+) is optimized with concentration and it is maximum at 0.08mol%. The annealed samples are found to be more crystalline and emit larger photoluminescence due to removal of quenching centers. The power dependent study of green upconversion emission indicates the involvement of two photons. The phosphor in La(OH)3 phase is more stable though the photoluminescence emission is slightly weak. La(OH)3 is less toxic compared to La2O3 and is biocompatible. It generates more heat and can be used in biothermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yadav
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - R K Verma
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A Bahadur
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S B Rai
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Yadav RS, Verma RK, Bahadur A, Rai SB. Structural characterizations and intense green upconversion emission in Yb3+, Pr3+ co-doped Y2O3 nano-phosphor. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 137:357-362. [PMID: 25233026 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the structural and optical properties of Yb(3+), Pr(3+) co-doped Y2O3 nano-phosphor synthesized through solution combustion method. The structural studies reveal the nano-crystalline structure of the sample. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements confirm the presence of Y, O, Pr and Yb elements in the sample. Fourier transform infrared studies show the vibrational features of the samples. The fluorescence spectra of the samples have been monitored on excitation with 976 nm and the intense green upconversion emission observed at 552 nm is due to (3)P0→(3)H5 electronic transition. The concentration of Pr(3+) ion in the sample is optimized and the fluorescence intensity is maximum at 0.08 mol% of Pr(3+). The power dependence studies reveal the involvement of two photons in the emission process. The possible mechanism of upconversion has been discussed on the basis of schematic energy level diagram. The sample annealed at higher temperature enhances the fluorescence intensity up to 8 times and this enhancement is discussed in terms of the removal of optical quenching centers. The nano-phosphor can be applicable in the field of display devices and green laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yadav
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - R K Verma
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A Bahadur
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S B Rai
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Mahajan V, Garg S, Mehta K, Chauhan P, Gupta M, Yadav RS, Bhushan S. Vitiligo and associated disorders including autoimmune diseases: A prospective study of 200 Indian patients. Pigment Int 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/2349-5847.172772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yadav RS, Dwivedi Y, Rai SB. Structural and optical properties of Eu3+, Sm3+ co-doped La(OH)3 nano-crystalline red emitting phosphor. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 132:599-603. [PMID: 24892540 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report Eu3+, Sm3+ co-doped La(OH)3 nano-crystalline red emitting phosphor prepared following combustion synthesis protocol. The structural and morphological information about the synthesized samples have been explored using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. The optical properties of the samples have been investigated under 355 nm laser excitations. The sample emits intense red emissions at 625 and 707 nm due to 5D0→7F2 and 5D0→7F4 transitions in Eu3+ ion, respectively. The concentrations of both, Eu3+ and Sm3+ in the samples were optimized at 1 mol% to get maximum fluorescence. The presence of Sm3+ in the Eu3+ doped sample enhances the emission intensity up to two times. The samples annealed at higher temperature show significant enhancement in the emission intensity. The life time studies show an efficient energy transfer from Sm3+ to Eu3+ ions and have been discussed with the help of schematic energy level diagram. This enhancement in the emission intensity is discussed in terms of the rare earth ion concentration, annealing temperature and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yadav
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Y Dwivedi
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136 119, India
| | - S B Rai
- Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Gunasekaran K, Sahu SS, Vijayakumar T, Vaidyanathan K, Yadav RS, Pigeon O, Jambulingam P. Comparison of efficacy of five types of long-lasting insecticidal nets against Anopheles fluviatilis, the primary malaria vector in east-central India. J Med Entomol 2014; 51:785-94. [PMID: 25118410 DOI: 10.1603/me13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Five types of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LNs), namely, Olyset, Netprotect, PermaNet, DuraNet, and Interceptor, were tested after 20 washes for efficacy in terms of mortality, deterrence effect, blood-feeding inhibition, and induced exophily of the malaria vector Anopheles fluviatilis in experimental huts in Malkangiri district of Odisha State, India. Efficacy of the three synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) used in the LNs was also analyzed. Use of LNs reduced the entry of An. fluviatilis into the huts by 73.3-83.2%, and the five LNs were comparable in terms of deterrence. The exit rate of An. fluviatilis from the huts with untreated net was 56.3%, and relative to this, Olyset followed by DuraNet induced significantly a higher exophily. In contrast, the exit rate was significantly lower with Interceptor. Among the three SPs, permethrin induced significantly greater exophily relative to the untreated control, and as a result of this, permethrin-treated Olyset produced a lower mortality. Blood-feeding rate of An. fluviatilis was significantly lower with all the five LNs than the control. Similarly, all the three SPs significantly inhibited blood feeding compared with the control. Interceptor and DuraNet, both alphacypermethrin-treated LNs, caused relatively a higher mortality of An. fluviatilis than the other LNs. The five brands of LNs and three SPs tested in the current study were equally effective in terms of deterrence and blood-feeding inhibition; only exiting and killing effect differed among them. Permethrin-treated LNs induced greater exophily, while, overall, alphacypermethrin-treated LNs killed more An. fluviatilis that entered the huts. Advantage of deterrence, excito-repellent, and killing effects of LNs and appropriate selection of SP for net treatment are discussed in this paper.
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Sharma PC, Singh D, Sehgal D, Singh G, Hash C, Yadav RS. Further evidence that a terminal drought tolerance QTL of pearl millet is associated with reduced salt uptake. Environ Exp Bot 2014; 102:48-57. [PMID: 24895469 PMCID: PMC4003388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Earlier, we established that a major drought tolerance QTL on linkage group 2 of pearl millet is also associated with reduced salt uptake and enhanced growth under salt stress. Present study was undertaken to re-assess the performance of drought tolerant (PRLT 2/89-33) and drought sensitive (H 77/833-2) parents along with two QTL-NILs (ICMR 01029 and ICMR 01040), under salinity stress specifically imposed during post-flowering growth stages when plants had developed their ion sinks in full. Time course changes in ionic accumulation and their compartmentalization in different plant parts was studied, specifically to monitor and capture changes conferred by the two alleles at this QTL, at small intervals. Amongst different plant parts, higher accumulation of toxic ion Na+ was recorded in roots. Further, the Na+ concentration in roots of the testcross hybrid of the drought-sensitive parent (H 77/833-2) reached its maximum at ECiw 15 dS m-1 within 24 h after salinity imposition, whereas it continued to increase with time in the testcross hybrids of the drought tolerant parent PRLT 2/89-33 as well as those of its QTL-NILs (ICMR 01029 and ICMR 01004) and reached at its maximum at 120 h stage. Comparison of differential distribution of toxic ions in individual leaves revealed that Na+ ions were not uniformly distributed in the leaves of the drought-tolerant parent and drought-tolerant QTL-NILs; but accumulated preferentially in the older leaves, whereas the hybrid of the drought-sensitive parent showed significantly higher Na+ concentration in all main stem leaves irrespective of their age. Dynamics of chlorophyll and proline concentration variation studied under salt stress at late flowering stages revealed a greater reduction, almost twice, in both leaf chlorophyll and proline concentrations in younger leaves in the hybrids of the sensitive parent as compared to the tolerant parent and QTL NILs. Imposition of salinity stress even at flowering stage affected the yield performance in pearl millet, wherein higher yield was recorded in drought tolerant parent and the two QTL-NILs compared to drought sensitive parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbodh C. Sharma
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Dhananjay Singh
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Gurbachan Singh
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - C.T. Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Sahelian Center, BP 12404, Niamey, NIGER
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
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Yadav RS, Dwivedi Y, Rai SB. Structural and optical characterization of nanosized La(OH)3:Sm3+ phosphor. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 96:148-153. [PMID: 22659282 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, Sm(3+) doped La(OH)(3) nano-phosphor (~40 nm) has been synthesized using combustion synthesis method and detailed structural and spectroscopic characterizations are carried out. On excitation with 532 nm, several photoluminescence peaks extending over green to NIR regions have been observed and assigned to be due to 4f-4f transitions of Sm(3+) ions. A bright orange-red perception is observed in annealed sample, which is 10 times higher than as synthesized sample. Time resolved emission spectroscopy reveals pronounced effect of heating, which induce good crystalline in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yadav
- Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Physics Department, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
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Yadav G, Sinha SN, Ashokkumar S, Raman K, Mishra M, Thiyagarajan R, Yadav RS. SU-E-T-143: Effect of Physical and Virtual Wedges on the Surface Dose at Various SSD for 6 and 15 MV Photon Beam. Med Phys 2012; 39:3736. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Srivastava HC, Chandrashekar P, Kurien G, Sreehari U, Yadav RS. Malaria in seasonal migrant population in Southern Gujarat, India. Trop Biomed 2011; 28:638-645. [PMID: 22433894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Malaria in migrant workers is always a major problem to control due to their temporary stay in shelters, and other operational constraints. Hence, a study was undertaken in brick kilns in Bharuch district, Gujarat state, India to study the problem of malaria in the work force. Mass blood surveys were carried out in 15 brick kilns. Blood slides were collected from both febrile and afebrile cases. Positive cases were treated as per the national drug policy and were followed up. Mosquito collections were carried out by pyrethrum spray collection in early morning hours. Human blood index and sporozoite rates were determined as per standard procedures. All age groups were found affected with malaria at brick kilns. Prevalence of malaria was significantly higher in ≤ 14 years of age-group as compared to adults. Post treatment follow up examination of patients revealed high malaria infection due to non-compliance of chloroquine. The appearance of parasitaemia among Plasmodium falciparum treated cases indicate the possibility of chloroquine resistance. The proportion of P. falciparum was >50% in migrant population. In stable population in villages, overall decline in malaria cases was observed in 2008-2010. The sporozoite rate of 4.2% in Anopheles culicifacies indicates active malaria transmission at brick kilns. The investigation demonstrated that suitable microclimatic conditions for malaria transmission exist in these areas during hottest period. The district health department should consider these factors in planning malaria surveillance and control. As current magnitude and diversity of population movements in rural as well as in urban areas are unprecedented, this issue is worthy of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Srivastava
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Feild Station, Civil Hospital, Nadiad-387 001 Gujarat, India.
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Yadav G, Yadav RS, Kumar A. Skin dose estimation for various beam modifiers and source-to-surface distances for 6MV photons. J Med Phys 2011; 34:87-92. [PMID: 20098542 PMCID: PMC2805895 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.51935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to learn the skin dose estimation for various beam modifiers at various source-to-surface distances (SSDs) for a 6 MV photon. Surface and buildup region doses were measured with an acrylic slab phantom and Markus 0.055 cc parallel plate (PP) ionization chamber. Measurements were carried out for open fields, motorized wedge fields, acrylic block tray fields ranging from 3 × 3 cm2 to 30 × 30 cm2. Twenty-five percent of the field was blocked with a cerrobend block and a Multileaf collimator (MLC). The effect of the blocks on the skin dose was measured for a 20 × 20 cm2 field size, at 80 cm, 100 cm and 120 cm SSD. During the use of isocentric treatments, whereby the tumor is positioned at 100 cm from the source, depending on the depth of the tumor and size of the patient, the SSD can vary from 80 cm to 100 cm. To achieve a larger field size, the SSD can also be extended up to 120 cm at times. The skin dose increased as field size increased. The skin dose for the open 10 ×10 cm2 field was 15.5%, 14.8% and 15.5% at 80 cm, 100 cm and 120 cm SSDs, respectively. The skin dose due to a motorized 60° wedge for the 10 × 10 cm2 field was 9.9%, 9.5%, and 9.5% at 80 cm, 100 cm and 120 cm SSDs. The skin dose due to acrylic block tray, of thickness 1.0 cm for a 10 × 10 cm2 field was 27.0%, 17.2% and 16.1% at 80, 100 and 120 cm SSD respectively. Due to the use of an acrylic block tray, the surface dose was increased for all field sizes at the above three SSDs and the percentage skin dose was more dominant at the lower SSD and larger field size. The skin dose for a 30 × 30 cm2 field size at 80 cm SSD was 38.3% and it was 70.4% for the open and acrylic block tray fields, respectively. The skin doses for motorized wedge fields were lower than for open fields. The effect of SSDs on the surface dose for motorized 60° wedge fields was not significant for a small field size (difference was less than 1% up to a 15 × 15 cm2 field size), but for a larger field (field size more than 15 × 15 cm2), the difference in a percentage skin dose was significant. The skin dose for the open field was more than that for the MLC blocked field and lower than that for the acrylic blocked tray field. The block was 25% of the 20 × 20 cm2 open field. Skin doses were increased as the SSD decreased and were dominant for larger field sizes. The surface dose was weakly dependent on the MLC block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girigesh Yadav
- Department of Physics D. A.V. (P.G.) College, Kanpur, India
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Yadav RS, Sehgal D, Vadez V. Using genetic mapping and genomics approaches in understanding and improving drought tolerance in pearl millet. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:397-408. [PMID: 20819788 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought at the reproductive stage is a major constraint to pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] productivity. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping provides a means to dissect complex traits, such as drought tolerance, into their components, each of which is controlled by QTLs. Molecular marker-supported genotypic information at the identified QTLs then enables quick and accurate accumulation of desirable alleles in plant breeding programmes. Recent genetic mapping research in pearl millet has mapped several QTLs for grain yield and its components under terminal drought stress conditions. Most importantly, a major QTL associated with grain yield and for the drought tolerance of grain yield in drought stress environments has been identified on linkage group 2 (LG 2) which accounts for up to 32% of the phenotypic variation of grain yield in mapping population testcrosses. The effect of this QTL has been validated in two independent marker-assisted backcrossing programmes, where 30% improvement in grain yield general combining ability (GCA) expected of this QTL under terminal drought stress conditions was recovered in the QTL introgression lines. To transfer effectively favourable alleles of this QTL into pearl millet varieties that otherwise are high yielding and adapted to specific agricultural zones, efforts are currently underway to develop closely spaced gene-based markers within this drought tolerance (DT)-QTL. In this review, an overview is provided of information on the genetic maps developed in pearl millet for mapping drought tolerance traits and their applications in identifying and characterizing DT-QTLs. Marker-assisted transfer of desirable QTL alleles to elite parent backgrounds, and results from introgression line validation in multiple terminal drought stress environments are discussed. Current efforts undertaken towards delimiting the interval of a major DT-QTL mapping to LG 2, and towards identifying candidate genes and physiologies underlying this QTL are presented. Highly specialized genetic stocks [QTL-near-isogenic lines (NILs), a high-resolution cross, and a germplasm population] and genomic resources (gene sequences, gene-based markers, and comparative genomics information) specifically developed for these purposes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattan S Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK.
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Srivastava HC, Bhatt RM, Kant R, Yadav RS. Malaria associated with the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Project for water-resources development, in Gujarat, India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2010; 103:653-7. [PMID: 19825287 DOI: 10.1179/000349809x12502035776199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H C Srivastava
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Station, Civil Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.
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Kholová J, Hash CT, Kumar PL, Yadav RS, Kočová M, Vadez V. Terminal drought-tolerant pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] have high leaf ABA and limit transpiration at high vapour pressure deficit. J Exp Bot 2010; 61:1431-40. [PMID: 20142425 PMCID: PMC2837262 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
It was previously shown that pearl millet genotypes carrying a terminal drought tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL) had a lower transpiration rate (Tr; g cm(-2) d(-1)) under well-watered conditions than sensitive lines. Here experiments were carried out to test whether this relates to leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and Tr concentration at high vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and whether that leads to transpiration efficiency (TE) differences. These traits were measured in tolerant/sensitive pearl millet genotypes, including near-isogenic lines introgressed with a terminal drought tolerance QTL (NIL-QTLs). Most genotypic differences were found under well-watered conditions. ABA levels under well-watered conditions were higher in tolerant genotypes, including NIL-QTLs, than in sensitive genotypes, and ABA did not increase under water stress. Well-watered Tr was lower in tolerant than in sensitive genotypes at all VPD levels. Except for one line, Tr slowed down in tolerant lines above a breakpoint at 1.40-1.90 kPa, with the slope decreasing >50%, whereas sensitive lines showed no change in that Tr response across the whole VPD range. It is concluded that two water-saving (avoidance) mechanisms may operate under well-watered conditions in tolerant pearl millet: (i) a low Tr even at low VPD conditions, which may relate to leaf ABA; and (ii) a sensitivity to higher VPD that further restricts Tr, which suggests the involvement of hydraulic signals. Both traits, which did not lead to TE differences, could contribute to absolute water saving seen in part due to dry weight increase differences. This water saved would become critical for grain filling and deserves consideration in the breeding of terminal drought-tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kholová
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Vinicná 5, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C. T. Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P. Lava Kumar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan PMB 5320, Nigeria
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Marie Kočová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Vinicná 5, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Yadav G, Yadav RS, Kumar A. Effect of various physical parameters on surface and build-up dose for 15-MV X-rays. J Med Phys 2010; 35:202-6. [PMID: 21170184 PMCID: PMC2990114 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.71761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of various physical parameters on the skin and build-up doses of 15-MV photon beams. The effects of field dimensions, acrylic shadow tray, focus to-skin distance (FSD) on surface and buildup dose were determined for open, motorized 60° wedge (MW) and blocked fields. A ‘Markus’ plane parallel plate chamber was used for these measurements in an Elekta (6–15MV) linear accelerator. The surface dose for MW fields was lower than the dose for an open field, but the trend reversed for large fields and higher degree wedges. With the use of an acrylic shadow tray, the surface dose increased for all field sizes, but the increase was dominant for large fields. The surface dose for blocked fields was lower than the dose for open fields. The percentage depth dose of 10 × 10 cm2 field at surface (PDD0) for open beam were 13.89%, 11.71%, and 10.74% at 80 cm, 100 cm, and 120 cm FSD, respectively. The blocking tray increased PDD0 of 10 × 10 cm2 field to 26.29%, 14.01%, and 11.53%, while the motorized 60° wedge decreased PDD0 to 11.32%, 9.7%, and 8.9 % at these FSDs. The maximum PDD difference seen at surface (i.e., skin) for 5 × 5 cm2, 15 × 15 cm2, and 30 × 30 cm2 are 0.5%, 4.6%, and 5.6% for open field and 0.9%, 4.7%, and 7.2% for motorized 60° wedge field, when FSDs varied from 80 cm to 120 cm. The maximum PDD difference seen at surface for 5 × 5 cm2, 15 × 15 cm2, and 30 × 30 cm2 fields are 5.6%, 22.8%, and 29.6%, respectively, for a 1.0-cm perspex-blocking tray as the FSD is changed. The maximum PDD difference was seen at the surface (i.e., skin) and this decreased with increasing depth.
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Abstract
Clinical, genetic and pharmacological evidences suggest an abnormality of the dopaminergic system in the pathogenesis of migraine. Direct evidence of an abnormal metabolism of dopamine in migraine, however, is lacking. Platelets are a useful model to understand brain dopaminergic mechanisms. The present study has been undertaken to study the status of platelet dopamine receptor binding by carrying out radioligand receptor binding assay. Binding of3H-spiperone to platelet membranes, known to label dopamine (DA)—D2 receptors, was conducted in 20 patients with migraine and an equal number of healthy controls. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) in patients with migraine (1.71 ± 0.19 nM) was found to be significantly lower ( P < 0.001) as compared with controls (3.14 ± 0.33 nM). However, no significant change was observed in the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) in patients with migraine. No relationship of Kd with type of migraine, presence of vomiting, family history, frequency of attack, duration of illness and menstrual migraine was observed. The findings of the present study provide support for the involvement of the dopaminergic system in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - VK Khanna
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) MG Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - P Vinod
- Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - ML Sankhwar
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) MG Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - RS Yadav
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) MG Marg, Lucknow, India
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Srivastava HC, Yadav RS, Joshi H, Valecha N, Mallick PK, Prajapati SK, Dash AP. Therapeutic responses of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum to chloroquine, in an area of western India where P. vivax predominates. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2008; 102:471-80. [PMID: 18782486 DOI: 10.1179/136485908x311759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2003-2005, following an increase in the local incidence of human malaria, the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) in the treatment of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum malaria was evaluated in the Anand district of Gujarat state, in western India. After oral administration of CQ, clinical and parasitological responses were measured over a follow-up period of 28 days, following the standard protocol of the World Health Organization. Most of the recurrent infections were checked, by genotyping, to see whether they were the result of treatment failure or re-infection during the follow-up. At the primary health centre (PHC) in Deva, all 57 P. vivax cases included in the study responded to CQ within 3 days. At the Pansora PHC, however, only 59 [90.8%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 83.7%-97.8%] of the 65 P. vivax cases appeared to respond completely, recurrent infections being observed in the other six cases (9.2%; CI=2.2%-16.3%). Of the four recurrent infections checked by genotyping, however, only two appeared to be the result of true treatment failure. Twenty-seven (81.8%; CI=67.2%-94.4%) of the 33 P. falciparum cases who were enrolled in the study, all from Pansora PHC also showed apparent treatment failure, with one early failure, 17 late clinical failures and nine late parasitological failures. All 23 P. falciparum cases that showed apparent treatment failure and were investigated by genotyping appeared to be true cases of failure, none showing any evidence of re-infection during follow-up. The mean parasite-clearance times for those infected with P. falciparum, both those considered CQ-sensitive and the treatment failures, exceeded 2 days. These results indicate the presence of CQ-resistant P. vivax and P. falciparum in Anand district. The high frequency of CQ failure against P. falciparum observed in this study led to a change in the drug policy at the Pansora PHC, with artemisinin-based combination therapy now being used for the first-line treatment of P. falciparum malaria. Chloroquine remains the recommended first-line treatment for P. vivax infections in the area but the treatment failure seen in at least two P. vivax cases indicates a need for further monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of CQ against such infections, in central Gujarat and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Srivastava
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Field Station, Civil Hospital, Nadiad - 387001, Gujarat, India.
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Dash AP, Yadav RS. Insecticide treated nets--technological & operational challenges. Indian J Med Res 2008; 128:231-232. [PMID: 19052331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A P Dash
- National Institute of Malaria Research, 22 Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110 054, India.
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Rao VG, Dash AP, Agrawal MC, Yadav RS, Anvikar AR, Vohra S, Bhondeley MK, Ukey MJ, Das SK, Minocha RK, Tiwari BK. Cercarial dermatitis in central India: an emerging health problem among tribal communities. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2007; 101:409-13. [PMID: 17550646 DOI: 10.1179/136485907x176463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although cercarial dermatitis is an emerging disease world-wide, cases of such dermatitis may often go undiagnosed, especially in communities that are affected by various skin infections. Between August 2001 and July 2002, 1336 individuals from tribal villages in central India were examined for dermatitis. Skin scrapings were collected and examined for Sarcoptes scabiei and each subject's response to antiscabies treatment was recorded. Freshwater snails were collected from the local ponds used for bathing, and examined for cercariae. The recorded prevalence of dermatitis ranged between 2.1% and 12.5% during the study year, peaking at the end of winter (February-March) and during the rainy season (August-October). Snail positivity for cercariae peaked in the rainy season. The prevalence and the severity of dermatitis were both higher in children than in adults. As most recorded cases of dermatitis were associated with a rash that developed soon after bathing in the local pond, all the skin scrapings were negative for itch mites, and the response to antiscabies treatment was poor, most if not all of the dermatitis observed was probably cercarial. Cercarial dermatitis therefore appears to be a significant health problem among the tribal populations of central India.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Rao
- Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals, Indian Council of Medical Research, Nagpur Road, PO Garha, Jabalpur - 482003, India.
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Prajapati SK, Joshi H, Valecha N, Reetha AM, Eapen A, Kumar A, Das MK, Yadav RS, Rizvi MA, Dash AP. Allelic polymorphism in the Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase gene among Indian field isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:331-4. [PMID: 17391393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In total, 129 Plasmodium vivax isolates from different geographical areas in India were analysed for point mutations in the P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase gene that were associated with pyrimethamine resistance. A gradual increase in the frequency of mutant genotypes was observed from north to south (p <0.0001). In the northern region (Delhi, Panna and Nadiad), the wild-type genotype was most prevalent, while the mutant genotype predominated in the coastal regions of southern India (Navi Mumbai, Goa and Chennai). Isolates from the Car-Nicobar islands showed only mutant genotypes. The differential geographical pattern of mutations may be associated with the transmission pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Prajapati
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Delhi, India
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Abstract
Here, we review the current genetic approaches for grass improvement and their potential for the enhanced breeding of new varieties appropriate for a sustainable agriculture in a changing global climate. These generally out-breeding, perennial, self-incompatible species present unique challenges and opportunities for genetic analysis. We emphasise their distinctiveness from model species and from the in-breeding, annual cereals. We describe the modern genetic approaches appropriate for their analysis, including association mapping. Sustainability traits discussed here include stress resistance (drought, cold and pathogeneses) and favourable agronomic characters (nutrient use efficiency, carbohydrate content, fatty acid content, winter survival, flowering time and biomass yield). Global warming will predictably affect temperature-sensitive traits such as vernalisation, and these traits are under investigation. Grass biomass utilisation for carbon-neutral energy generation may contribute to reduced atmospheric carbon emissions. Because the wider potential outcomes of climate change are unpredictable, breeders must be reactive to events and have a range of well-characterised germplasm available for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Humphreys
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK.
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Srivastava HC, Kumar GP, Hassan A, Dabhi M, Pant CS, Yadav RS. Evaluation of possible health effects of pyrethroid insecticides, bifenthrin 10% WP, and deltamethrin 25% WG, on spraymen exposed in a field trial in India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 75:413-20. [PMID: 16385944 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-005-0769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H C Srivastava
- Malaria Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Civil Hospital, Nadiad 387001, Gujarat, India
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Sumodan PK, Kumar A, Yadav RS. Resting behavior and malaria vector incrimination of Anopheles stephensi in Goa, India. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2004; 20:317-318. [PMID: 15532935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Malaria in Goa, India, has been endemic ever since an outbreak occurred in 1986. Anopheles stephensi Liston has always been suspected as a malaria vector in this area. Due to lack of knowledge on its resting behavior, sufficient adult females could not be collected and incriminated as vectors in the past. In this study mosquito collections were conducted in three endemic urban and suburban areas of Goa. In well-built houses, 67 h of collections did not yield a single An. stephensi mosquito, although other species were encountered. However, collections in construction sites and workers' huts for 151 h yielded, besides other mosquito species, 38 An. stephensi females resting in 15 types of sites at a height varying from 30 cm to 2.4 m. Of the 37 of these mosquitoes tested for the presence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) by an ELISA technique, 1 was found to be Plasmodium falciparum CSP positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Sumodan
- Malaria Research Centre, Directorate of Health Services Building, Campal, Panaji-403 001, Goa, India
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Haq S, Bhatt RM, Vaishnav KG, Yadav RS. Field evaluation of biolarvicides in Surat city, India. J Vector Borne Dis 2004; 41:61-6. [PMID: 15672558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Two bacterial larvicide (bio-larvicide) formulations--Bacticide and VectoBac containing viable endospores and delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis H-14 were evaluated in 2001 for their mosquito larvicidal efficacy under the operational conditions of urban malaria control programme in Surat city, India. METHODS Larvicides were applied at the recommended dose in selected breeding habitats of Anopheles (An. stephensi), Aedes (Ae. aegypti) and Culex (Cx. quinquefasciatus) and reductions in the densities of III and IV instars were compared with that of untreated matched controls. RESULTS At the construction sites in cemented tanks/chambers VectoBac produced reduction in the density of III and IV instar larvae of An. stephensi (98-100%) and Ae. aegypti (100%) in the first week of application whereas Bacticide produced 71-100% reduction in An. stephensi and 100% in Ae. aegypti. Re-application of VectoBac on Day 10 caused better control up to Day 20 when compared with Bacticide. In stagnant water pools, VectoBac produced 27.6-85.3% reduction in the larvae of An. subpictus and 18.5-83.8% in those of Cx. quinquefasciatus whereas Bacticide produced 23.3-30.3% and 39-97.2% reduction in An. subpictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larval densities in the first week post application, respectively. Bacticide application gave better impact on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in the second week after re-application as compared to VectoBac. In storm water drains, VectoBac caused respectively 6.2-100% and 6.4-97.6% reduction in An. subpictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in the first week of application whereas Bacticide produced 100% and 13.3-98.8% reduction in An. subpictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larval densities, respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Both the formulations were equally effective on An. subpictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae after a second application. The results showed that application of these biolarvicides would be required at 7-10 day intervals. The health workers engaged in the application of biolarvicides reported a better ease of handling and application of the liquid formulation (VectoBac) than the wettable powder formulation (Bacticide).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haq
- Malaria Research Centre, Field Station, Civil Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.
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Yadav RS, Bhatt RM, Kohli VK, Sharma VP. The burden of malaria in Ahmedabad city, India: a retrospective analysis of reported cases and deaths. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2004; 97:793-802. [PMID: 14754491 DOI: 10.1179/000349803225002642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the paucity of accurate information on the burden of malaria in urban India, a retrospective, epidemiological study was carried out in Ahmedabad city, which has a population of about 3 million. Surveillance data for the years 1965-1998 showed a gradual resurgence of malaria between 1967 to 1976, followed by waves of low and high incidences. Plasmodium vivax always predominated but the proportion of cases attributed to P. falciparum increased markedly from 1983. When the surveillance data and health records of the major public and private health facilities in the city were analysed, for the period between 1991 and 1998, P. vivax was found to account for 69% of all malaria cases and P. falciparum for the other 31%. The incidence of infection with each Plasmodium species showed seasonal variation, with that of P. vivax increasing from January to September but then declining as the incidence of P. falciparum increased. The age-specific differences seen in incidence were not statistically significant (P=0.7). The annual numbers of malaria-attributable deaths were strongly correlated with the incidence of P. falciparum (r=0.88). The malaria incidence detected (37431 cases, representing a mean annual incidence of 12.2 cases/1000) was nine times greater than that officially reported (4119 cases, or 1.3 cases/1000 each year). Similarly, the annual malaria-attributable mortality detected (22 deaths/million) was far higher than that officially notified (0.3 death/million). The results of the retrospective analysis not only provide a more accurate, baseline estimate of the burden of malaria in an urban area of India but also clearly indicate the need for a much more efficient health-information system, for recording and managing malaria in such a setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yadav
- Malaria Research Centre (ICMR), Field Station, Civil Hospital, Nadiad -- 387001, India.
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Yadav RS, Bidinger FR, Hash CT, Yadav YP, Yadav OP, Bhatnagar SK, Howarth CJ. Mapping and characterisation of QTL x E interactions for traits determining grain and stover yield in pearl millet. Theor Appl Genet 2003; 106:512-20. [PMID: 12589552 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2002] [Accepted: 06/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A mapping population of 104 F(3) lines of pearl millet, derived from a cross between two inbred lines H 77/833-2 x PRLT 2/89-33, was evaluated, as testcrosses on a common tester, for traits determining grain and stover yield in seven different field trials, distributed over 3 years and two seasons. The total genetic variation was partitioned into effects due to season (S), genotype (G), genotype x season interaction (G x S), and genotype x environment-within-season interaction [G x E(S)]. QTLs were determined for traits for their G, G x S, and G x E(S) effects, to assess the magnitude and the nature (cross over/non-crossover) of environmental interaction effects on individual QTLs. QTLs for some traits were associated with G effects only, while others were associated with the effects of both G and G x S and/or G, G x S and G x E(S) effects. The major G x S QTLs detected were for flowering time (on LG 4 and LG 6), and mapped to the same intervals as G x S QTLs for several other traits (including stover yield, harvest index, biomass yield and panicle number m(-2)). All three QTLs detected for grain yield were unaffected by G x S interaction however. All three QTLs for stover yield (mapping on LG 2, LG 4 and LG 6) and one of the three QTLs for grain yield (mapping on LG 4) were also free of QTL x E(S) interactions. The grain yield QTLs that were affected by QTL x E(S) interactions (mapping on LG 2 and LG 6), appeared to be linked to parallel QTL x E(S) interactions of the QTLs for panicle number m(-2) on (LG 2) and of QTLs for both panicle number m(-2) and harvest index (LG 6). In general, QTL x E(S) interactions were more frequently observed for component traits of grain and stover yield, than for grain or stover yield per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yadav
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB Wales, UK.
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