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Arif H, Ashraf R, Khan F, Khattak YR, Nisar H, Ahmad I. Total temporomandibular joint reconstruction prosthesis in hemifacial microsomia: A systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:15-26. [PMID: 37533308 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoplastic asymmetry due to hemifacial microsomia (HFM) often represents the most difficult reconstruction in the craniomaxillofacial clinic. Although autogenous grafts are generally used for temporomandibular joint reconstruction (TMJR), the use of TMJR prostheses is not well established. The aim of this review was to identify, collect and analyse the use of extended TMJR (eTMJR) prostheses in patients with HFM, describing clinical features, surgical procedures and postoperative complications. Online searches of all major databases were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. All studies with HFM patients treated with the eTMJR prostheses were included. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. A total of 19 studies, including 08 case studies, 06 case series and 05 retrospective cohort studies, met the inclusion criteria, where a total of 42 HFM patients were reported from 18 countries, mostly from the United States (05; 26%). Fifteen of the 42 cases (~36%) were male. The mean ± SD (range) age of patients in all studies was 19.79 ± 5.81 (9-36) years. The mean ± SD (range) of patient follow-up was 41.30 ± 35.50 (6-136) months. A total of 5 (10.6%) patients were implanted with bilateral eTMJR prostheses. The Pruzansky classification was used in 18 (~89.5%) studies, OMENS classification in 01 (~5%) study, whereas no classification was reported in one study. Only 01 (7.1%) study had documented the eTMJR classification for the prosthesis used. In growing patients with or without a history of failed autogenous tissues, TMJR prostheses may provide a viable alternative. Randomized studies with large cohorts are warranted to validate these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Arif
- Nishtar Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
| | - R Ashraf
- Nishtar Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
| | - F Khan
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Y R Khattak
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - H Nisar
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - I Ahmad
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan
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Ullah N, Javed A, Alhazmi A, Hasnain SM, Tahir A, Ashraf R. TumorDetNet: A unified deep learning model for brain tumor detection and classification. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291200. [PMID: 37756305 PMCID: PMC10530039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of the brain tumor type at an earlier stage is crucial for the treatment process and helps to save the lives of a large number of people worldwide. Because they are non-invasive and spare patients from having an unpleasant biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are frequently employed to identify tumors. The manual identification of tumors is difficult and requires considerable time due to the large number of three-dimensional images that an MRI scan of one patient's brain produces from various angles. Moreover, the variations in location, size, and shape of the brain tumor also make it challenging to detect and classify different types of tumors. Thus, computer-aided diagnostics (CAD) systems have been proposed for the detection of brain tumors. In this paper, we proposed a novel unified end-to-end deep learning model named TumorDetNet for brain tumor detection and classification. Our TumorDetNet framework employs 48 convolution layers with leaky ReLU (LReLU) and ReLU activation functions to compute the most distinctive deep feature maps. Moreover, average pooling and a dropout layer are also used to learn distinctive patterns and reduce overfitting. Finally, one fully connected and a softmax layer are employed to detect and classify the brain tumor into multiple types. We assessed the performance of our method on six standard Kaggle brain tumor MRI datasets for brain tumor detection and classification into (malignant and benign), and (glioma, pituitary, and meningioma). Our model successfully identified brain tumors with remarkable accuracy of 99.83%, classified benign and malignant brain tumors with an ideal accuracy of 100%, and meningiomas, pituitary, and gliomas tumors with an accuracy of 99.27%. These outcomes demonstrate the potency of the suggested methodology for the reliable identification and categorization of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ullah
- Department of Software Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Ali Javed
- Department of Software Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Ali Alhazmi
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed M. Hasnain
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Kobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Tahir
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Ashraf
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abid MH, Ashraf R, Mahmood T, Faisal CMN. Multi-modal medical image classification using deep residual network and genetic algorithm. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287786. [PMID: 37384779 PMCID: PMC10309999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) development across the health sector has recently been the most crucial. Early medical information, identification, diagnosis, classification, then analysis, along with viable remedies, are always beneficial developments. Precise and consistent image classification has critical in diagnosing and tactical decisions for healthcare. The core issue with image classification has become the semantic gap. Conventional machine learning algorithms for classification rely mainly on low-level but rather high-level characteristics, employ some handmade features to close the gap, but force intense feature extraction as well as classification approaches. Deep learning is a powerful tool with considerable advances in recent years, with deep convolution neural networks (CNNs) succeeding in image classification. The main goal is to bridge the semantic gap and enhance the classification performance of multi-modal medical images based on the deep learning-based model ResNet50. The data set included 28378 multi-modal medical images to train and validate the model. Overall accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score evaluation parameters have been calculated. The proposed model classifies medical images more accurately than other state-of-the-art methods. The intended research experiment attained an accuracy level of 98.61%. The suggested study directly benefits the health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haris Abid
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Ashraf
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Toqeer Mahmood
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - C. M. Nadeem Faisal
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Mohamed Y, Ashraf R. Remineralization potential of phosphorylated chitosan and silver diamine fluoride in comparison to sodium fluoride varnish: invitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023:10.1007/s40368-023-00794-2. [PMID: 37014591 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of phosphorylated chitosan nanoparticles (Pchi) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) compared to sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) on microhardness of artificial carious lesions in a biomimetic minimally invasive approach that is being regarded as the future of preventive dentistry. METHODS The sample size included 40 intact extracted maxillary anterior human teeth. Baseline microhardness was recorded using Vickers hardness test and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Artificial caries-like lesions were created on the exposed enamel by suspending all teeth in demineralizing solution for 10 days in a temperature of 37 °C and then the hardness and EDX were remeasured. Samples were then divided into four main groups: Group A (positive control group) n = 10, treated with NaF, Group B n = 10, treated with SDF, Group C n = 10, treated with Pchi and Group D (negative control group) n = 10 that received no treatment. After treatment, samples were incubated in artificial saliva solution at 37 °C in for 10 days and then reassessed. Data were then recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed test. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the morphological changes of enamel surface after treatment. RESULTS Groups B and C showed the highest calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) content as well as hardness values, while group B had the highest percentage of fluoride. SEM revealed a smooth layer of mineral formed on the surface of enamel for both groups. CONCLUSION Pchi and SDF showed the highest increase in enamel microhardness and remineralization potential. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The minimally invasive approach for remineralization could be enhanced using SDF and Pchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mohamed
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - R Ashraf
- Prosthetic Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, South Sinai, Egypt.
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Zannat H, Mamun AA, Salahuddin AZ, Alam MR, Kabir MH, Mobasshera M, Ashraf R, Nahar KS, Hossain R. Clinical Profiles and Outcomes of Cytomegalovirus Positive Renal Transplant Patients in Early Post-Transplant Period. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:371-377. [PMID: 37002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus infection can cause increased mortality and morbidity in renal transplant recipient. The purpose of the present study was to observe the clinical profiles and outcomes of Cytomegalovirus positive renal transplant patients in early post-transplant period. This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2016 to August 2017. Adult patients who had undergone renal transplantation were selected as study population. CMV serology (CMV IgM and CMV IgG) of both donor and recipient were detected before renal transplantation. Cytomegalovirus viral DNA was extracted from both serum by using a commercially available DNA extraction kit and PCR was done by the StepOne™ PCR machine using real time PCR kit in all patient during the early post-transplant period. During this period, sign symptoms of patients with cytomegalovirus infection as well as clinical outcomes were also noted. Total number of 32 patients was included in this study with the mean age of 31.15±11.56 years. Cytomegalovirus was found positive in 11(34.4%) patients and negative in 21(65.6%) patients. Anorexia was the most common presentation which was found in 81.8% cases followed by renal impairment, fever, diarrhea, cough and weight loss which were present in 6(54.5%), 3(27.3%), 2(18.2%), 2(18.2%) and 2(18.2%) cases respectively. The outcomes of cytomegalovirus positive patients in first 6 months after renal transplantation revealed 25.0% patients had cytomegalovirus infection; 6.2% patients had cytomegalovirus disease and 6.2% patients were died. However, 9.4% patients had co-infection in the form of UTI and 6.2% patients had re activation of hepatitis C infection associated with cytomegalovirus infection. Cytomegalovirus was found positive in approximately one third of renal transplant recipients in early post-transplant period. Careful clinical evaluation and appropriate laboratory parameters should be looked over for timely diagnosis and management of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zannat
- Dr Hasinatul Zannat, Registrar, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Rahman M, Ashraf R, Zhang R, Cao X, Gladstone D, Jarvis L, Hoopes P, Pogue B, Bruza P. In Vivo Cherenkov Imaging-Guided FLASH Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Nomura Y, Ashraf R, Shi M, Xing L. Deep Learning-Based Fluorescence Light Discrimination for High Spatial Resolution Radiotherapy Dose Verification. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Wu Y, No H, Dworkin M, Manjappa R, Ashraf R, Skinner L, Lau B, Melemenidis S, Viswanathan V, Yu S, Surucu M, Schueler E, Graves E, Maxim P, Loo B. Assessing Clinical Feasibility of a LINAC-Based Electron FLASH Radiotherapy System Using an Anthropomorphic Phantom under Realistic Clinical Conditions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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No H, Wu Y, Dworkin M, Ashraf R, Manjappa R, Skinner L, Lau B, Melemenidis S, Viswanathan V, Yu S, Surucu M, Schueler E, Graves E, Maxim P, Loo B. Clinical LINAC-Based Electron FLASH: Pathway for Practical Translation to Trials of FLASH Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Akram S, Ashfaq T, Saeed Z, Ashraf R, Mushtaq M. Effect of slow-release amylase on extraction of peach peel phenolics and their antioxidant activities. AAlim 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2022.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present manuscript demonstrates the work undertaken to optimise and validate a slow-release amylase-assisted extraction of polyphenols from peach fruit peel. A careful investigation and optimisation revealed that peach peel when hydrolysed with 1.50% (w/w) of SRA containing enzyme formulation at 40 °C and 6.1 pH, for 35 min significantly (P < 0.05) increased the extraction yield, levels of polyphenol contents (242.89 ± 1.56 mg gallic acid equivalents – GAE), and coumaric, chlorogenic, ferulic acids or their conjugate esters in extracts. Moreover, the extracts produced through SRA-assisted extraction exhibited ample level of free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH IC50 2.67 ± 0.03 μg mL−1), Trolox equivalent (TE) antioxidant capacity (450.52 ± 24.58 µmol of TE g−1), inhibition of peroxides in linoleic acid (85.68 ± 0.21%), and ferric reducing power of 3.11 ± 0.20 ppm gallic acid equivalents. The results suggested that the incorporation of SRA containing enzyme formulation may enhance the recovery of peach peel polyphenols while hydrolysing the glycosidic linkages without deteriorating their antioxidant character.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Akram
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - T. Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Z. Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R. Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Demidov V, Cao X, Ashraf R, Rahman M, Zhang R, Gladstone D, Hoopes P, Elliott J, Pogue B. FLASH Mechanisms Track (Oral Presentations) LONGITUDINAL IN-VIVO ASSESSMENT OF MOUSE SKIN DAMAGE WITH FUNCTIONAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN FLASH VERSUS CONVENTIONAL RADIOTHERAPY. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Dworkin M, No HJ, Wu Y, Binkley M, Rieger K, Graves E, Barcellos-Hoff M, Von Eyben R, Ashraf R, Manjappa R, Yu A, Skinner L, Surucu M, Kim Y, Loo B, Hoppe R. A RANDOMIZED SPLIT-BODY FEASIBILITY TRIAL OF SINGLE-FRACTION FLASH VS CONVENTIONAL ELECTRON RADIOTHERAPY USING A STANDARD CLINICAL LINEAR ACCELERATOR FOR ADULTS WITH MULTILESIONAL PRIMARY CUTANEOUS LYMPHOMAS. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ashraf R, Rahman M, Zhang R, Hoopes C, Gladstone D, Williams B, Pogue B, Bruza P. FLASH Modalities Track (Oral Presentations) INDIVIDUAL PULSE MONITORING AND FEEDBACK SYSTEM FOR FLASH-RT BEAM CONTROL USING FIBER-COUPLED SCINTILLATING DETECTORS. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Cao X, Zhang R, Ashraf R, Rahman M, Gunn J, Bruza P, Gladstone D, Williams B, Swartz H, Hoopes C, Pogue B. A COMPUTATINAL ANALYSIS OF IN VIVO OXYGEN KINETICS DURING ELECTRON FLASH IRRADIATION. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Rahman M, Ashraf R, Gladstone D, Bruza P, Jarvis L, Schaner P, Gill G, Cao X, Pogue B, Hoopes C, Zhang R. FLASH in the Clinic Track (Oral Presentations) ELECTRON FLASH FOR THE CLINIC: LINAC CONVERSION, COMMISSIONING AND TREATMENT PLANNING. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Zhang R, Bruza P, Duval K, Cao X, Ashraf R, Rahman M, Gill G, Hartford A, Zaki B, Schaner P, Jarvis L, Hoopes P, Pogue B, Gladstone D. LOGISTICS OF A FLASH-RT PROGRAM IN CLINICAL SETTING. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ashraf R, Rashid S, Rasheed I, Asif S. Early embryonic death in equines and camelids. Open Vet J 2022; 12:903-909. [PMID: 36777062 PMCID: PMC9805778 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i6.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper includes the study of early embryonic death (EED), predisposing factors of EED and treatment. EED refers to the fetal mortality which varies in mare and camelids but most probably not later than 50 days of gestation. This duration may be divided into very early mortality, early mortality and late embryonic mortality. This also varies in mare and camelids. There are different embryonic, maternal, environmental/external, and infectious and noninfectious factors which lead to early embryonic loss. Diagnosis is very difficult as in most of the cases resorption of fetus occurs but it is done by the use of ultrasound. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to avoid early embryonic mortality. However, new reproductive technologies have increased the service rate in a herd, and efforts are still being made to determine the rate and frequency of camel embryonic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ashraf
- Corresponding Author: Rehan Ashraf. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Narang T, Ashraf R, Kaushik A, Dogra S. Apremilast in multibacillary leprosy patients with chronic and recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum: a prospective single-centre pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e917-e919. [PMID: 34365679 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Narang
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Ashraf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Kaushik
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Sahu A, Singh S, Varghese AC, Ashraf R, Majiyd N, Singh S, Basheer R, Ashraf MC. P–149 Calcium ionophores as an aid to surgically retrieved sperms in male factor infertility for increasing cumulative live birth rate. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does the addition of calcium ionophores for artificial oocyte activation(AOA) help in improving Cumulative Live Birth Rate in surgically retrieved sperms for male factor infertility?
Summary answer
AOA significantly improved cumulative live birth rate in Micro-TESE (M-TESE), TESA for non- azoospermia (TESTICULAR) and Non-Obstructive Azoospermia(NOA)-TESA but not in Obstructive Azoospermia (OA)-TESA.
What is known already
The main cause of Total Fertilization Failure after ICSI is thought to be due to oocyte activation deficiency (OAD) because of oocyte-related or sperm-related factors. Studies have shown that artificial oocyte activation (AOA) is helpful in these situations, but is most effective in couples who have clear sperm-related OAD. Oocyte activation, by Phospholipase- C- Zeta (PLCζ) present in the sperm, leads to series of events resulting in calcium oscillation, oocyte activation and fertilization. AOA increases the free intracellular calcium thereby mimicking physiologic cell signaling mechanisms that result in oocyte activation and fertilization.
Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective cohort study done in an academic private ART center, in which patient’s records were analyzed, from January 2016 to December 2019 (total 4 years’ duration) and all ICSI cycles with surgically retrieved sperms were included (n = 365). Study subjects were divided into 4 groups- M-TESE (n = 143), NOA-TESA (n = 38), OA-TESA (n = 62) and TESTICULAR (n = 92). Subdivision was done into cases if AOA was done and control were with conventional ICSI without AOA.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Method- Immediately after ICSI, in case group (AOA), all metaphase II oocytes were treated with calcium ionophore (GM508- CultActive) for 15 minutes, then thoroughly washed and incubated under standard conditions.
Primary outcome measured was cumulative live birth rate(CLBR) and Secondary outcomes were fertilization rate (Fert. rate), Cleavage rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and miscarriage rate (MA). Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square and Mann-Whitney- U test, with significance at P < 0.05. Institutional committee clearance was obtained.
Main results and the role of chance
The CLBR was significantly higher with AOA- M-TESE (55.8% vs 33.3%, p- 0.008), AOA-NOA-TESA (55.55% vs 15%, p- 0.027) and AOA-TESTICULAR (62.9% vs 32.3%, p- 0.006) group. Fert. rate was significantly higher with AOA-M-TESE (81 ± 0.84 vs 64 ± 0.97, p- 0.001), AOA-NOA-TESA (86 ± 0.76 vs 64 ± 0.13, p- 0.001) and AOA-TESTICULAR (72 ± 0.12 vs 57 ± 0.11, p- 0.001). Cleavage rate, CPR also showed similar significant differences while MA was comparable. However, significant differences were not observed in any of the outcome measured in OA-TESA group between cases and controls - CBLR (51.6% vs 41.9%, p- 0.611), Fert.rate (0.77±0.14 vs 0.75±0.11, p- 0.539), CPR and MA, p- value > 0.05.
It may be hypothesized that surgically retrieved sperms in cases of NOA or non- azoospermia where TESTICULAR sperms are taken have reduced or absent capacity to cause Calcium oscillations due to deficient or inadequate PLCζ or there may be some chromatin level abnormalities in these sperms, leading to lesser fertilization and lesser good quality embryos in control group in which AOA was not done.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This study is retrospective in nature. Sibling oocytes were not compared. The study neither looked at obstetrics complication nor the neonatal outcomes. Further studies are required for long term impact on children born from AOA cycles.
Wider implications of the findings: To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature evaluating the efficacy of calcium ionophores for NOA (M-TESE, TESA), OA (TESA) and TESTICULAR sperms. Further research is needed for use of calcium ionophores in cases of unexplained infertility and recurrent implantation failure.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahu
- CRAFT Hospital- INDIA, Reproductive Medicine, Kodungallur, India
| | - S Singh
- CRAFT Hospital- INDIA, Reproductive Medicine, Kodungallur, India
| | - A C Varghese
- CRAFT Hospital- India, Embryology, Kodungallur, India
| | - R Ashraf
- CRAFT Hospital- India, Embryology, Kodungallur, India
| | - N Majiyd
- CRAFT Hospital- INDIA, Reproductive Medicine, Kodungallur, India
| | - S Singh
- CRAFT Hospital- INDIA, Reproductive Medicine, Kodungallur, India
| | - R Basheer
- CRAFT Hospital- INDIA, Reproductive Medicine, Kodungallur, India
| | - M C Ashraf
- CRAFT Hospital- INDIA, Reproductive Medicine, Kodungallur, India
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D'Souza R, Ashraf R, Rowe H, Zipursky J, Clarfield L, Maxwell C, Arzola C, Lapinsky S, Paquette K, Murthy S, Cheng MP, Malhamé I. Pregnancy and COVID-19: pharmacologic considerations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:195-203. [PMID: 32959455 PMCID: PMC7537532 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize evidence regarding the use of routine and investigational pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and lactating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Antenatal corticosteroids may be used routinely for fetal lung maturation between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation, but decisions in those with critical illness and those < 24 or > 34 weeks' gestation should be made on a case-by-case basis. Magnesium sulfate may be used for seizure prophylaxis and fetal neuroprotection, albeit cautiously in those with hypoxia and renal compromise. There are no contraindications to using low-dose aspirin to prevent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications when indicated. An algorithm for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant patients with COVID-19 is presented, which considers disease severity, timing of delivery in relation to disease onset, inpatient vs outpatient status, underlying comorbidities and contraindications to the use of anticoagulation. Nitrous oxide may be administered for labor analgesia while using appropriate personal protective equipment. Intravenous remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia should be used with caution in patients with respiratory depression. Liberal use of neuraxial labor analgesia may reduce the need for emergency general anesthesia which results in aerosolization. Short courses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be administered for postpartum analgesia, but opioids should be used with caution due to the risk of respiratory depression. For mechanically ventilated pregnant patients, neuromuscular blockade should be used for the shortest duration possible and reversal agents should be available on hand if delivery is imminent. To date, dexamethasone is the only proven and recommended experimental treatment for pregnant patients with COVID-19 who are mechanically ventilated or who require supplemental oxygen. Although hydroxycholoroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir may be used during pregnancy and lactation within the context of clinical trials, data from non-pregnant populations have not shown benefit. The role of monoclonal antibodies (tocilizumab), immunomodulators (tacrolimus), interferon, inhaled nitric oxide and convalescent plasma in pregnancy and lactation needs further evaluation. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. D'Souza
- Division of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyMount Sinai Hospital, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteTorontoCanada
| | - R. Ashraf
- Division of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyMount Sinai Hospital, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - H. Rowe
- Neonatal and Pediatric PharmacySurrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser HealthSurreyCanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - J. Zipursky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - L. Clarfield
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - C. Maxwell
- Division of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyMount Sinai Hospital, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - C. Arzola
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineMount Sinai Hospital, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - S. Lapinsky
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - K. Paquette
- Division of NeonatologyMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealCanada
- Department of PediatricsMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealCanada
| | - S. Murthy
- Division of Critical Care, Department of PaediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- BC Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - M. P. Cheng
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealCanada
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and ImmunityMontrealCanada
| | - I. Malhamé
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealCanada
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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Choudhary R, Ashraf R, Thakur V, Kumaran MS. Teriflunomide-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:166-169. [PMID: 32557734 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Choudhary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Ashraf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - V Thakur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M S Kumaran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Bishnoi A, Ashraf R, Vishwajeet V, Saikia UN, De D. Tender acral papules in a febrile female. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:238-240. [PMID: 31115063 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Ashraf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - V Vishwajeet
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - U N Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - D De
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Zafar B, Ashraf R, Ali N, Ahmed M, Jabbar S, Chatzichristofis SA. Image classification by addition of spatial information based on histograms of orthogonal vectors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198175. [PMID: 29883455 PMCID: PMC5993303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) model is widely used for image classification, object recognition and image retrieval problems. In BoVW model, the local features are quantized and 2-D image space is represented in the form of order-less histogram of visual words. The image classification performance suffers due to the order-less representation of image. This paper presents a novel image representation that incorporates the spatial information to the inverted index of BoVW model. The spatial information is added by calculating the global relative spatial orientation of visual words in a rotation invariant manner. For this, we computed the geometric relationship between triplets of identical visual words by calculating an orthogonal vector relative to each point in the triplets of identical visual words. The histogram of visual words is calculated on the basis of the magnitude of these orthogonal vectors. This calculation provides the unique information regarding the relative position of visual words when they are collinear. The proposed image representation is evaluated by using four standard image benchmarks. The experimental results and quantitative comparisons demonstrate that the proposed image representation outperforms the existing state-of-the-art in terms of classification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Zafar
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Ashraf
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nouman Ali
- Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Mirpur, Azad-Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Ahmed
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Jabbar
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nazir A, Ashraf R, Hamdani T, Ali N. Content based image retrieval system by using HSV color histogram, discrete wavelet transform and edge histogram descriptor. 2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/icomet.2018.8346343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Abstract
Due to the fast growth and tradition of the internet over the last decades, the network security problems are increasing vigorously. Humans can not handle the speed of processes and the huge amount of data required to handle network anomalies. Therefore, it needs substantial automation in both speed and accuracy. Intrusion Detection System is one of the approaches to recognize illegal access and rare attacks to secure networks. In this proposed paper, Naive Bayes, J48 and Random Forest classifiers are compared to compute the detection rate and accuracy of IDS. For experiments, the KDD_NSL dataset is used.
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Hasanain M, Bhattacharjee A, Pandey P, Ashraf R, Singh N, Sharma S, Vishwakarma AL, Datta D, Mitra K, Sarkar J. α-Solanine induces ROS-mediated autophagy through activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1860. [PMID: 26313911 PMCID: PMC4558510 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Solanine is a glycoalkaloid found in species of the nightshade family including potato. It was primarily reported to have toxic effects in humans. However, there is a growing body of literature demonstrating in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of α-solanine. Most of these studies have shown activation of apoptosis as the underlying mechanism in antitumor activity of α-solanine. In this study, we report α-solanine as a potential inducer of autophagy, which may act synergistically or in parallel with apoptosis to exert its cytotoxic effect. Induction of autophagy was demonstrated by several assays including electron microscopy, immunoblotting of autophagy markers and immunofluorescence for LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP1) light chain-3) puncta. α-Solanine-induced autophagic flux was demonstrated by additionally enhanced – turnover of LC3-II and – accumulation of LC3-specific puncta after co-incubation of cells with either of the autophagolysosome inhibitors – chloroquine and – bafilomycin A1. We also demonstrated α-solanine-induced oxidative damage in regulating autophagy where pre-incubation of cells with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger resulted in suppression of CM-H2DCFDA (5 (and 6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester) fluorescence as well as decrease in LC3-II turnover. α-Solanine treatment caused an increase in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins (BiP, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), X-box-binding protein 1, PERK, inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1, ATF4 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein) suggesting activation of unfolded protein response pathway. Moreover, we found downregulation of phosphorylated Akt (Thr308 and Ser473), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; Ser2448 and Ser2481) and 4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) by α-solanine implying suppression of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Collectively, our results signify that α-solanine induces autophagy to exert anti-proliferative activity by triggering ER stress and inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasanain
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - A Bhattacharjee
- Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - P Pandey
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - R Ashraf
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - N Singh
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - S Sharma
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - A L Vishwakarma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instruments Facilities, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - D Datta
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, India
| | - K Mitra
- Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, India
| | - J Sarkar
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, India
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Marktanner R, Mostafa M, Shafei A, Hon H, Ashraf R, Sreedhara P, Syed N, Gharaibeh D, Taha A. After Round Comprehensive Plan Summary tool: an efficiency approach for the ICU. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4470464 DOI: 10.1186/cc14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ashraf R, Vasiljevic T, Smith S, Donkor O. Effect of cell-surface components and metabolites of lactic acid bacteria and probiotic organisms on cytokine production and induction of CD25 expression in human peripheral mononuclear cells. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2542-58. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ashraf R, Vasiljevic T, Day S, Smith S, Donkor O. Lactic acid bacteria and probiotic organisms induce different cytokine profile and regulatory T cells mechanisms. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Stearns AT, Jaberoo MC, Ashraf R, Wheelwright EF, Maclean AD. Displaced Intracapuslar Hip Fractures in the Working Age Alcohol-Abusing Patient. Scott Med J 2009; 54:16-20. [DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.54.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Management of alcohol-abusing patients presenting with intracapsular hip fractures is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the management and outcome of working-age alcohol-abusing patients with similar-aged controls. Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database of trauma admissions. Full case notes were available for 78 patients under 65 of age presenting with a displaced intacapsular fracture at a teaching hospital between 1998 and 2002. Thirty seven patients had evidence of alcohol abuse. Alcohol-abusing patients presented to hospital later (p=0.05), underwent surgery a median of 18 hours later (p=0.011) and required a longer post operative stay (p=0.003) compared to non-abusers. Despite this, the results of internal fixation were comparable. There was no significant difference between alcohol-abusers and nonabusers in rates of avascular necrosis (6.9% vs 9.7%; odds ratio 0.69, 0.11–4.47) or revision surgery (0.21 vs 0.10 procedures/ patient; odds ratio 1.49, 0.30–7.33). The high rates of alcohol abuse in this low-velocity trauma population suggest such patients are at increased risk of osteoporosis. Routine screening for osteoporosis should be considered in working-age alcohol abusers. After subcapital fracture, reduction and internal fixation is an acceptable treatment in this sub-group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- AT Stearns
- Directorate of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Glasgow. G4 0SF
| | - M-C Jaberoo
- Directorate of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Glasgow. G4 0SF
| | - R Ashraf
- Directorate of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Glasgow. G4 0SF
| | - EF Wheelwright
- Directorate of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Glasgow. G4 0SF
| | - AD Maclean
- Directorate of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Glasgow. G4 0SF
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Ashraf R, Shahzadi S, Ali S, Bhatti MH, Yaqub S, Ahmad F. Difluorovanadium(IV) dicarboxylates: Coordination behavior and biological activity. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328407080052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jalbani GA, Aamir K, Shaikh AM, Unar MA, Ashraf R, Soomro FM. To evaluate and compare the effects of first generation anti-histamine (chlorpheniramine maleate) and second generation anti-histamine (loratadine) on isolated trachea of rabbit. J PAK MED ASSOC 2004; 54:556-61. [PMID: 15623181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of respiratory allergy has increased gradually over the past several years and current estimates suggest that allergic rhinitis affects approximately 20% of the population. Large scales population surveys indicate that up to 38% of patients with rhinitis have asthma. The allergic response in the airways is an important pathogensis to cause bronchoconstriction owing to increased responsiveness of tracheo bronchial tree to various stimuli and also causes the release of histamine and other chemical mediators from mast cells. Histamine has been shown to be an important mediator of an allergic reaction in both the upper and lower respiratory airways. Chlorpheniramine maleate is a stable, most potent, sedative first generation anti-histamine and is effective in the treatment of allergic disorders. Loratadine is a highly potent, non-sedating, long acting tricyclic, second generation anti-histamine. It is indicated in allergic rhinits, chronic idiopathic urticaria and allergic bronchial asthma. The purpose of study was to evaluate the antagonistic effects of chlorpheniramine maleate and loratadine on histamine induced contractions in isolated trachea of rabbit and also to compare the effects of first generation anti-histamine (chlorpheniramine maleate and second generation anti-histamine loratadine). METHODS In this study twenty-four experiments were performed on isolated trachea of rabbit, in the presence of selected standard concentration of histamine dihydrochloride, antagonistic effects of various concentrations of chlorpheniramine maleate (10-18 to 10(-3) gm/ml) and loratadine from concentrations 10(-18) to 10(-3) gm/ml were recorded by Polygraph Model 7B in terms of rate and amplitude. RESULTS Chlorpheniramine maleate showed non-significant antagonistic effect from concentrations 10(-18) to 10(-3) gm/ml in case of rate and 10(-18) to 10(-8) gm/ml in case of amplitude. Significant response showed from concentrations 10(-8) to 10(-3) gm/ml in case of rate (P<0.001) and 10(-7) to 10(-3) gm/ml in case of amplitude (P<0.001) while, loratadine showed non-significant response from concentrations 10(-18) to 10(-12) gm/ml in case of rate and from concentration 10(-18) to 10(-14) gm/ml in case of amplitude. Significant response observed from concentrations 10(-11) to 10(-3) gm/ml in case of rate and 10(-13) to 10(-3) gm/ml in case of amplitude. CONCLUSION It was concluded that chlorpheniramine maleate antagonized the histamine induced contractions 80.65% at concentration 10(-3) gm/ml in case of amplitude and 11.35% at concentration 10(-3) gm/ml in case of rate and loratadine 76.82% in case of amplitude and 10.59% in case of rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Jalbani
- Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro
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Hanson LA, Ceafalau L, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Lagerberg M, Hjalmarsson A, Ashraf R, Zaman S, Jalil F. The mammary gland-infant intestine immunologic dyad. Adv Exp Med Biol 2001; 478:65-76. [PMID: 11065061 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46830-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The human infant has a very small immune system and needs the support of the mother with the transplacentally arrived IgG antibodies to protect tissues with inflammatogenic and energy-consuming defense. The mucous membranes, where most infections occur, need support via the specialized secretory IgA antibodies and the many other mucosal defense mechanisms provided via the mother's milk. This defense is not inflammatogenic and energy-consuming. We learn about additional defense factors in the milk, like the anti-secretory factor, which seems to protect against diarrhoea. The milk contains numerous growth factors and cytokines, like leptin, which may promote the development of the intestine as well as the immune system. Results are appearing giving interesting evidence for enhanced protection against infection also after the termination of breastfeeding. This may occur via the priming of the infant's immune system after uptake of anti-idiotypic antibodies and lymphocytes from the milk. A breastfeeding motivation study in a large Pakistani village resulted in a 50% decrease of diarrhoea and infant mortality. Deep interviews with the mothers and the traditional birth attendants suggested that even better results may be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hanson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Göteborg University, Sweden
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Abstract
Platypnea-orthodeoxia is encountered in a variety of cardiac, pulmonary, and hepatic disorders. We report its occurrence in a 59-year-old man who had had combined external-beam and high dose-rate iridium brachytherapy for a stage I non-small-cell carcinoma of the right upper lobe 2 years earlier. The post-radiation course was complicated by a severe radiation bronchitis; the onset of platypnea-orthodeoxia signalled the development of severe bronchial stenosis that was transiently relieved, initially by dilatation, and later by stent placement, though the patient ultimately died of a pulmonary hemorrhage. The dosage of brachytherapy given, the combined external-beam therapy, and the long survival after completion of radiation therapy were likely factors in the development of bronchial stenosis. We discuss the tomographic and bronchoscopic features of radiation-induced bronchial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Awan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coastal Area Health Education Center, Department of Radiology, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, NC, USA
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Kadri NN, Hee TT, Rovang KS, Mohiuddin SM, Ryan T, Ashraf R, Huebert V, Hilleman DE. Efficacy and safety of clonazepam in refractory neurally mediated syncope. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1999; 22:307-14. [PMID: 10087545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurally mediated syncope is a complex syndrome that is often difficult to manage using currently available treatment strategies. The efficacy and safety of clonazepam was evaluated in 35 patients with refractory neurally mediated syncope. All patients had syncope (n = 33) or disabling presyncope (n = 2) and a positive head-up tilt table test (HUTT) despite treatment with one or more of the following therapies: beta-blocker, high-salt diet, fludrocortisone, elastic compression stockings, and disopyramide. Clonazepam was initiated at 0.5 mg/day and titrated in 0.25-0.5 mg/day increments for symptom control. Early (first 8 weeks) symptomatic response was achieved in 31 of 35 (89%) patients. Early HUTT reverted to negative in 29 of 35 (83%) patients. Two patients discontinued clonazepam during early follow-up due to side effects. Thirty-three patients received long-term clonazepam therapy. Twenty-five patients had late HUTT with 21 remaining negative. Of the eight patients who did not have late HUTT, one patient discontinued clonazepam prior to HUTT due to side effects. Seven patients refused late HUTT. All seven patients achieved symptomatic control on clonazepam with two requiring dose titration. Of the 21 patients with a negative late HUTT, 18 achieved symptomatic control with two of these patients requiring dose titration. Two patients who had only partial symptom control despite dose titration achieved total symptomatic control with the addition of disopyramide and beta-blockers. Two patients with a negative late HUTT discontinued clonazepam due to side effects. One patient had been symptomatically controlled while the other had recurrent symptoms with dose limiting side effects occurring after clonazepam dose titration. In the 4 patients with a positive late HUTT, 2 patients were symptomatically controlled, 1 patients required combination therapy with a beta-blocker to achieve symptomatic control, and 1 patient discontinued therapy due to side effects. Overall, 29 of 35 (83%) patients continue to receive clonazepam with symptom control. Based on intention-to-treat HUTT results, 21 of 35 (60%) patients were responders. Four patients required clonazepam dose titration and three required combination therapy with clonazepam plus disopyramide and/or a beta-blocker to achieve control. Clonazepam was discontinued in 6 patients, 5 for side effects and 1 following a transient ischemic attack. Clonazepam appears to be an effective therapeutic alternative in patients with refractory neurally mediated syncope. Based on our preliminary findings, a placebo controlled evaluation of clonazepam in neurally mediated syncope is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Kadri
- Creighton University Cardiac Center, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Nebraska
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36
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Ashraf R. Difficult to Control Neurally Mediated Syncope: Is it Familial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(97)84280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
Primary malignant rhabdoid tumor (PMRT) of the brain is a rare and recently described neoplasm of youth. We report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and pathology of one case of PMRT in an adult which seeded along the needle track for stereotactic biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
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Ashraf R, Sostre S. Differing scintigraphic patterns of lumboperitoneal shunt dysfunction in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and pseudotumor cerebri. Clin Nucl Med 1995; 20:140-6. [PMID: 7720306 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-199502000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The scintigraphic patterns of dysfunctioning lumboperitoneal shunts (LPS) may vary with the underlying disease. The authors reviewed 22 LPS studies performed on 15 patients during the past 2 years and correlated the findings with the patency status of the shunt as determined by brain CT/MRI and surgical revision. Most of the patients also had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure monitoring. Fifteen studies were performed in patients with LPS for the treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and 7 were performed in patients with LPS for pseudotumor cerebri (PTC). After intrathecal administration of 0.5-1 mCi of In-111 DTPA, sequential 1 minute images of the abdomen were obtained for 20 minutes. Static images of the abdomen were then obtained at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours with imaging of the head at 4 and 24 hours. All NPH patients with partial obstruction had tracer activity in the peritoneal cavity with little or no shunt tubing visualization. However, all had marked penetration of the tracer into the lateral ventricles. Pseudotumor cerebri patients with partial obstruction also showed tracer entry into the peritoneal cavity. Shunt tubing and tracer extravasation into the needle tract, at the site of lumbar puncture was seen only in patients of PTC, probably because of high intracranial pressure. Although the tracer flowed quickly into the basal cistern in all patients with PTC, it entered the lateral ventricles. Complete shunt obstruction was characterized by nonvisualization of activity in the peritoneal cavity and flow of the tracer into the basal cistern within 1 hour after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ashraf
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hanson LA, Hahn-Zoric M, Berndes M, Ashraf R, Herias V, Jalil F, Bhutta TI, Laeeq A, Mattsby-Baltzer I. Breast feeding: overview and breast milk immunology. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1994; 36:557-61. [PMID: 7825463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1994.tb03246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of host defence capacity to the human offspring provides a remarkable model of passive transfer of immunity. In fact it may also provide an example of active immunization. The transfer of mucosal protection via breast feeding offers many additional advantages for the mother and infant. Through its contraceptive effects it increases the spacing between births, thus diminshing the infant mortality and the burden on the mother. It also enhances bonding between mother and child, it seems to increase the IQ and school result of the infant and might decrease the risk of certain malignancies and perhaps of juvenile diabetes. A fully breast-fed infant receives as much as 0.5-1 g of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies daily, the predominant antibody of human milk. This can be compared to the production of some 2.5 g of SIgA per day for a 60 kg adult. These SIgA antibodies have been shown to protect against Vibrio cholerae, ETEC, Campylobacter, Shigella and Giardia. Furthermore, milk is rich in receptor analogues for certain epithelial structures which microbes need for attachment to host tissues as an initial step in infections. Thus the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci for example to retropharyngeal cells is efficiently inhibited by human milk. This may be one explanation for the fact that breast-fed babies have less otitis media than the non-breast-fed. Other milk factors like lysozyme and lactoferin may contribute to the host defence, but this has not yet been well defined. However, human milk also supports the well-being of the infant by being anti-inflammatory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hanson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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Hanson LA, Ashraf R, Zaman S, Karlberg J, Lindblad BS, Jalil F. Breast feeding is a natural contraceptive and prevents disease and death in infants, linking infant mortality and birth rates. Acta Paediatr 1994; 83:3-6. [PMID: 8193469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb12942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Hanson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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Ashraf R, Shahid MA. Radioaerosol mucociliary clearance of tracheobronchial tree in normal subjects and in patients with respiratory diseases. J PAK MED ASSOC 1992; 42:40-2. [PMID: 1573766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rate of mucociliary clearance in the tracheobronchial tree was studied both in patients and controls using radioisotopic techniques. The radioisotope is deposited in the larger airways and its rate of movement is measured as it is being transported up the trachea due to mucociliary activity. The BARC aerosol generation system was modified and used for this purpose. One hour study was acquired on a computerised gamma camera in each case. The rate of movement of the bolus of radioactivity was calculated by measuring the distance travelled in a known period of time. The mean velocity of transport was 9.0mm/min in normal subjects. In patients variable speed of transportation was obtained ranging from absolutely no movement to near normal speeds. Different patterns of transport were observed including linear, spiral, static and regurgitative. It was concluded that this simple non-invasive technique can be used for in vivo monitoring of mucociliary tracheal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ashraf
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore
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Hanson LA, Jalil F, Ashraf R, Bernini S, Carlsson B, Cruz JR, González T, Hahn-Zoric M, Mellander L, Minoli Y. Characteristics of human milk antibodies and their effect in relation to the epidemiology of breastfeeding and infections in a developing country. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991; 310:1-15. [PMID: 1808986 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3838-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Hanson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hanson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hanson LA, Ashraf R, Cruz JR, Hahn-Zoric M, Jalil F, Nave F, Reimer M, Zaman S, Carlsson B. Immunity related to exposition and bacterial colonization of the infant. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1990; 365:38-45. [PMID: 2206000 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Hanson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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Ashraf R, Khan A. In vitro and in vivo studies with sodium pertechnetate and technetium-labelled methylene diphosphonate. J Chromatogr 1978; 146:527-32. [PMID: 721932 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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