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Munk P, Brinch C, Møller FD, Petersen TN, Hendriksen RS, Seyfarth AM, Kjeldgaard JS, Svendsen CA, van Bunnik B, Berglund F, Larsson DGJ, Koopmans M, Woolhouse M, Aarestrup FM, Gibb K, Coventry K, Collignon P, Cassar S, Allerberger F, Begum A, Hossain ZZ, Worrell C, Vandenberg O, Pieters I, Victorien DT, Gutierrez ADS, Soria F, Grujić VR, Mazalica N, Rahube TO, Tagliati CA, Rodrigues D, Oliveira G, de Souza LCR, Ivanov I, Juste BI, Oumar T, Sopheak T, Vuthy Y, Ngandjio A, Nzouankeu A, Olivier ZAAJ, Yost CK, Kumar P, Brar SK, Tabo DA, Adell AD, Paredes-Osses E, Martinez MC, Cuadros-Orellana S, Ke C, Zheng H, Baisheng L, Lau LT, Chung T, Jiao X, Yu Y, JiaYong Z, Morales JFB, Valencia MF, Donado-Godoy P, Coulibaly KJ, Hrenovic J, Jergović M, Karpíšková R, Deogratias ZN, Elsborg B, Hansen LT, Jensen PE, Abouelnaga M, Salem MF, Koolmeister M, Legesse M, Eguale T, Heikinheimo A, Le Guyader S, Schaeffer J, Villacis JE, Sanneh B, Malania L, Nitsche A, Brinkmann A, Schubert S, Hesse S, Berendonk TU, Saba CKS, Mohammed J, Feglo PK, Banu RA, Kotzamanidis C, Lytras E, Lickes SA, Kocsis B, Solymosi N, Thorsteinsdottir TR, Hatha AM, Ballal M, Bangera SR, Fani F, Alebouyeh M, Morris D, O’Connor L, Cormican M, Moran-Gilad J, Battisti A, Diaconu EL, Corno G, Di Cesare A, Alba P, Hisatsune J, Yu L, Kuroda M, Sugai M, Kayama S, Shakenova Z, Kiiyukia C, Ng’eno E, Raka L, Jamil K, Fakhraldeen SA, Alaati T, Bērziņš A, Avsejenko J, Kokina K, Streikisa M, Bartkevics V, Matar GM, Daoud Z, Pereckienė A, Butrimaite-Ambrozeviciene C, Penny C, Bastaraud A, Rasolofoarison T, Collard JM, Samison LH, Andrianarivelo MR, Banda DL, Amin A, Rajandas H, Parimannan S, Spiteri D, Haber MV, Santchurn SJ, Vujacic A, Djurovic D, Bouchrif B, Karraouan B, Vubil DC, Pal P, Schmitt H, van Passel M, Jeunen GJ, Gemmell N, Chambers ST, Mendoza FP, Huete-Pιrez J, Vilchez S, Ahmed AO, Adisa IR, Odetokun IA, Fashae K, Sørgaard AM, Wester AL, Ryrfors P, Holmstad R, Mohsin M, Hasan R, Shakoor S, Gustafson NW, Schill CH, Rojas MLZ, Velasquez JE, Magtibay BB, Catangcatang K, Sibulo R, Yauce FC, Wasyl D, Manaia C, Rocha J, Martins J, Álvaro P, Di Yoong Wen D, Shin H, Hur HG, Yoon S, Bosevska G, Kochubovski M, Cojocaru R, Burduniuc O, Hong PY, Perry MR, Gassama A, Radosavljevic V, Tay MYF, Zuniga-Montanez R, Wuertz S, Gavačová D, Pastuchová K, Truska P, Trkov M, Keddy K, Esterhuyse K, Song MJ, Quintela-Baluja M, Lopez MG, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Perera RRDP, Bandara NKBKRGW, Premasiri HI, Pathirage S, Charlemagne K, Rutgersson C, Norrgren L, Örn S, Boss R, Van der Heijden T, Hong YP, Kumburu HH, Mdegela RH, Hounmanou YMG, Chonsin K, Suthienkul O, Thamlikitkul V, de Roda Husman AM, Bidjada B, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Nikiema-Pessinaba SC, Levent B, Kurekci C, Ejobi F, Kalule JB, Thomsen J, Obaidi O, Jassim LM, Moore A, Leonard A, Graham DW, Bunce JT, Zhang L, Gaze WH, Lefor B, Capone D, Sozzi E, Brown J, Meschke JS, Sobsey MD, Davis M, Beck NK, Sukapanpatharam P, Truong P, Lilienthal R, Kang S, Wittum TE, Rigamonti N, Baklayan P, Van CD, Tran DMN, Do Phuc N, Kwenda G, Larsson DGJ, Koopmans M, Woolhouse M, Aarestrup FM. Author Correction: Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:178. [PMID: 36635285 PMCID: PMC9837105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Munk
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Brinch
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik Duus Møller
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas N. Petersen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Seyfarth
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kjeldgaard
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christina Aaby Svendsen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bram van Bunnik
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fanny Berglund
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marion Koopmans
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Woolhouse
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Taddeo A, Veiga IB, Devisme C, Boss R, Plattet P, Weigang S, Kochs G, Thiel V, Benarafa C, Zimmer G. Optimized intramuscular immunization with VSV-vectored spike protein triggers a superior immune response to SARS-CoV-2. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:82. [PMID: 35879345 PMCID: PMC9309237 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidates expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in place of the VSV glycoprotein relies implicitly on expression of the ACE2 receptor at the muscular injection site. Here, we report that such a viral vector vaccine did not induce protective immunity following intramuscular immunization of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. However, when the viral vector was trans-complemented with the VSV glycoprotein, intramuscular immunization resulted in high titers of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies. The vaccinated animals were fully protected following infection with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2-SD614G via the nasal route, and partially protected if challenged with the SARS-CoV-2Delta variant. While dissemination of the challenge virus to the brain was completely inhibited, replication in the lung with consequent lung pathology was not entirely controlled. Thus, intramuscular immunization was clearly enhanced by trans-complementation of the VSV-vectored vaccines by the VSV glycoprotein and led to protection from COVID-19, although not achieving sterilizing immunity.
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Ivanovic I, Boss R, Romanò A, Guédon E, Le-Loir Y, Luini M, Graber H. Penicillin resistance in bovine Staphylococcus aureus: Genomic evaluation of the discrepancy between phenotypic and molecular test methods. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:462-475. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Callegari I, Schneider M, Berloffa G, Mühlethaler T, Holdermann S, Galli E, Roloff T, Boss R, Infanti L, Khanna N, Egli A, Buser A, Zimmer G, Derfuss T, Sanderson NSR. Potent neutralization by monoclonal human IgM against SARS-CoV-2 is impaired by class switch. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53956. [PMID: 35548920 PMCID: PMC9253785 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the class‐dependent properties of anti‐viral IgM antibodies, we use membrane antigen capture activated cell sorting to isolate spike‐protein‐specific B cells from donors recently infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, allowing production of recombinant antibodies. We isolate 20, spike‐protein‐specific antibodies of classes IgM, IgG, and IgA, none of which shows any antigen‐independent binding to human cells. Two antibodies of class IgM mediate virus neutralization at picomolar concentrations, but this potency is lost following artificial switch to IgG. Although, as expected, the IgG versions of the antibodies appear to have lower avidity than their IgM parents, this is not sufficient to explain the loss of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Callegari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mika Schneider
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuliano Berloffa
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Biophysics Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Holdermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renate Boss
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Infanti
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas S R Sanderson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Sava M, Sommer G, Daikeler T, Woischnig AK, Martinez AE, Leuzinger K, Hirsch H, Erlanger T, Wiencierz A, Bassetti S, Tamm M, Tschudin-Sutter S, Stoeckle M, Pargger H, Siegemund M, Boss R, Zimmer G, Vu DL, Kaiser L, Dell-Kuster S, Weisser M, Battegay M, Hostettler K, Khanna N. Ninety-day outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab - a single centre cohort study. Swiss Med Wkly 2021; 151:w20550. [PMID: 34375986 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2021.20550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with severe COVID-19 may be at risk of longer term sequelae. Long-term clinical, immunological, pulmonary and radiological outcomes of patients treated with anti-inflammatory drugs are lacking. METHODS In this single-centre prospective cohort study, we assessed 90-day clinical, immunological, pulmonary and radiological outcomes of hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab from March 2020 to May 2020. Criteria for tocilizumab administration were oxygen saturation <93%, respiratory rate >30/min, C-reactive protein levels >75 mg/l, extensive area of ground-glass opacities or progression on computed tomography (CT). Descriptive analyses were performed using StataIC 16. RESULTS Between March 2020 and May 2020, 50 (27%) of 186 hospitalised patients had severe COVID-19 and were treated with tocilizumab. Of these, 52% were hospitalised on the intensive care unit (ICU) and 12% died. Eleven (22%) patients developed at least one microbiologically confirmed super-infection, of which 91% occurred on ICU. Median duration of hospitalisation was 15 days (interquartile range [IQR] 10–24) with 24 days (IQR 14–32) in ICU patients and 10 days (IQR 7–15) in non-ICU patients. At day 90, 41 of 44 survivors (93%) were outpatients. No long-term adverse events or late-onset infections were identified after acute hospital care. High SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres were found in all but one patient, who was pretreated with rituximab. Pulmonary function tests showed no obstructive patterns, but restrictive patterns in two (5.7%) and impaired diffusion capacities for carbon monoxide in 11 (31%) of 35 patients, which predominated in prior ICU patients. Twenty-one of 35 (60%) CT-scans at day 90 showed residual abnormalities, with similar distributions between prior ICU and non-ICU patients. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of severe COVID-19 patients, no tocilizumab-related long-term adverse events or late-onset infections were identified. Although chest CT abnormalities were highly prevalent at day 90, the majority of patients showed normal lung function. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04351503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Sava
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland / Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Gregor Sommer
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Daikeler
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland / Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Kathrin Woischnig
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien E Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karoline Leuzinger
- Division of Clinical Virology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Hirsch
- Division of Clinical Virology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Erlanger
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Wiencierz
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Clinics of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland / Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Stoeckle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Pargger
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Siegemund
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renate Boss
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland / Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland / Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Disease, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland / Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salome Dell-Kuster
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / Department of Anaesthesiology, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Weisser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland / Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Hostettler
- Clinics of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland / Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Araldi D, Boss R, Machado J, Silveira D. Management of defoliation in Trifolium vesiculosum S. for the production of seeds. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study aims to determine the appropriate defoliation management for the production of seeds and forage in arrowleaf clover via trail analysis. The results obtained demonstrated that defoliation practices have a great influence on the composition of seed yield and germination power. In addition, when the goal is the maximum balance between dry matter production and seed yield, this can be achieved in up to two defoliation practices. These results are confirmed by analyzing the positive association between the weight of a thousand seeds and the seed yield. When the third defoliation practice is performed, it negatively correlates with the weight of a thousand seeds, suggesting that, with the increase in defoliation frequency, there is a lower weight of a thousand seeds, and, therefore, lower seed yield. Therefore, management planning in Trifolium vesiculosum Savi that aims at natural reseeding, maximum yield and seed germination must prioritize one to two defoliation practices, aiming to promote favorable conditions for the perennialization of the species. In this context, the trail analysis proved to be a useful tool as a criterion for obtaining the ideal management aiming at the production of seeds and forage in vesicular clover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Boss
- Universidade de Cruz Alta, Brazil
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Kläui AJ, Boss R, Graber HU. Characterization and Comparative Analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus Genomic Island vSaβ: an In Silico Approach. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:e00777-18. [PMID: 31451542 PMCID: PMC6805111 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00777-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread opportunistic pathogen to humans and animals. Of its genome, 20 to 25% varies between strains and consists of phages, pathogenicity islands, transposons, and genomic islands. S. aureus harbors up to three genomic islands, vSaα, vSaβ, and vSaγ. The vSaβ region of S. aureus can encode a number of virulence-associated factors, such as serine proteases, leukocidins, enterotoxins, bacteriocins, or a hyaluronate lyase. In this study, the vSaβ regions of 103 clinically relevant S. aureus strains were characterized in silico and compared to the three predefined vSaβ types. We here suggest a superordinate system of 15 different vSaβ types, of which 12 were newly defined. Each vSaβ type has a distinct structure with a distinct set of genes, which are both highly conserved. Between the different types, gene content and composition vary substantially. Based on our data, a strain's vSaβ type is strongly coupled with its clonal complex, suggesting that vSaβ was acquired in an ancestral S. aureus strain, arguably by phage mediation, before differentiation into clonal complexes. In addition, we addressed the issue of ambiguous nomenclature in the serine protease gene cluster and propose a novel, phylogeny-based nomenclature of the cluster contained in the vSaβ region.IMPORTANCE With the rapid increase of available sequencing data on clinically relevant bacterial species such as S. aureus, the genomic basis of clinical phenotypes can be investigated in much more detail, allowing a much deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in disease. We characterized in detail the S. aureus genomic island vSaβ and defined a superordinate system to categorize S. aureus strains based on their vSaβ type, providing information about the strains' virulence-associated genes and clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Kläui
- Food Microbial Systems, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Renate Boss
- Risk Assessment Division, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans U Graber
- Food Microbial Systems, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
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Boss R, Hummerjohann J. Whole Genome Sequencing Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flour from Swiss Retail Markets. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1398-1404. [PMID: 31335182 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are often found in food and cause human infections. Although STEC O157:H7 is most often responsible for human disease, various non-O157 subtypes have caused individual human infections or outbreaks. The importance of STEC serogroup typing is decreasing while detection of virulence gene patterns has become more relevant. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) reveals the entire spectrum of pathogen information, such as toxin variant, serotype, sequence type, and virulence factors. Flour has not been considered as a vector for STEC; however, this product has been associated with several STEC outbreaks in the last decade. Flour is a natural product, and milling does not include a germ-reducing step. Flour is rarely eaten raw, but the risks associated with the consumption of unbaked dough are probably underestimated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of STEC in flour samples (n = 93) collected from Swiss markets and to fully characterize the isolates by PCR assay and WGS. The prevalence of STEC in these flour samples was 10.8% as indicated by PCR, and a total of 10 STEC strains were isolated (two flour samples were positive for two STEC subtypes). We found one stx2-positve STEC isolate belonging to the classic serogroups frequently associated with outbreaks that could potentially cause severe disease. However, we also found several other common or less common STEC subtypes with diverse virulence patterns. Our results reveal the benefits of WGS as a characterization tool and that flour is a potentially and probably underestimated source for STEC infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Boss
- 1 Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Hummerjohann
- 2 National Reference Laboratory for STEC, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
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Leuenberger A, Sartori C, Boss R, Resch G, Oechslin F, Steiner A, Moreillon P, Graber H. Genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus: On-farm epidemiology and the consequences for prevention of intramammary infections. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3295-3309. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sartori C, Boss R, Bodmer M, Leuenberger A, Ivanovic I, Graber H. Sanitation of Staphylococcus aureus genotype B-positive dairy herds: A field study. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6897-6914. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Boss R, Baumgartner A, Kroos S, Blattner M, Fretz R, Moor D. Rapid detection of viableLegionella pneumophilain tap water by a qPCR and RT-PCR-based method. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1216-1225. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Boss
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office; Berne Switzerland
| | - A. Baumgartner
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office; Berne Switzerland
| | - S. Kroos
- Food Safety and Veterinary Office; Canton of Basel-Landschaft; Liestal Switzerland
| | - M. Blattner
- Food Safety and Veterinary Office; Canton of Basel-Landschaft; Liestal Switzerland
| | - R. Fretz
- Food Safety and Veterinary Office; Canton of Basel-Landschaft; Liestal Switzerland
| | - D. Moor
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office; Berne Switzerland
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Sartori C, Boss R, Ivanovic I, Graber HU. Development of a new real-time quantitative PCR assay for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus genotype B in cow milk, targeting the new gene adlb. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7834-7845. [PMID: 28755929 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The specific and reliable diagnosis of mastitis pathogens is essential for successful sanitation programs. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a new real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the very sensitive and specific detection of Staphylococcus aureus genotype B in cow milk samples. This mastitis pathogen is contagious and particularly prevalent in Switzerland and other central European countries. The new test is based on a rapid preparation of bacteria, followed by DNA isolation and qPCR for a unique target gene coding for the adhesion-like bovine protein (adlb). The inclusivity of the new target gene was 97% and the exclusivity 98%, meaning that other genotypes and bacterial species could be excluded with high reliability. The limit of detection of the new assay was 235 staphylococcal cell equivalents/mL of culture. The new test shows high intra- and interassay repeatability. Results are available within 2 d after sampling, allowing farmers and veterinarians to apply sanitation measures immediately. Based on the results of a preliminary field study, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the new qPCR assay are 99 and 100%, respectively. The new analytical procedure is straightforward and can be applied for routine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sartori
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Berne, Switzerland; Animal Physiology Group, ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Boss
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Berne, Switzerland; Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - I Ivanovic
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - H U Graber
- Agroscope, Food Microbial Systems, Group Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, 3003 Berne, Switzerland.
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Boss R, Overesch G, Baumgartner A. Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus from Raw Fish and Seafood Imported into Switzerland. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1240-6. [PMID: 27357045 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 44 samples of salmon, pangasius (shark catfish), shrimps, and oysters were tested for the presence of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, which are indicator organisms commonly used in programs to monitor antibiotic resistance. The isolated bacterial strains, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, were tested against a panel of 29 antimicrobial agents to obtain MICs. Across the four sample types, Enterococcus faecalis (59%) was most common, followed by E. coli (55%), P. aeruginosa (27%), and S. aureus (9%). All bacterial species were resistant to some antibiotics. The highest rates of resistance were in E. faecalis to tetracycline (16%), in E. coli to ciprofloxacin (22%), and in S. aureus to penicillin (56%). Antibiotic resistance was found among all sample types, but salmon and oysters were less burdened than were shrimps and pangasius. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were exclusively found in shrimps and pangasius: 17% of pangasius samples (MDR E. coli and S. aureus) and 64% of shrimps (MDR E. coli, E. faecalis, and S. aureus). Two of these MDR E. coli isolates from shrimps (one from an organic sample) were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. Based on these findings, E. coli in pangasius, shrimps, and oysters, E. faecalis in pangasius, shrimps, and salmon, and P. aeruginosa in pangasius and shrimps are potential candidates for programs monitoring antimicrobial resistance. Enrichment methods for the detection of MDR bacteria of special public health concern, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases, should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Boss
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003 Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Gudrun Overesch
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Baumgartner
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
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Boss R, Cosandey A, Luini M, Artursson K, Bardiau M, Breitenwieser F, Hehenberger E, Lam T, Mansfeld M, Michel A, Mösslacher G, Naskova J, Nelson S, Podpečan O, Raemy A, Ryan E, Salat O, Zangerl P, Steiner A, Graber HU. Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: Subtyping, evolution, and zoonotic transfer. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:515-28. [PMID: 26601578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is globally one of the most important pathogens causing contagious mastitis in cattle. Previous studies using ribosomal spacer (RS)-PCR, however, demonstrated in Swiss cows that Staph. aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections are genetically heterogeneous, with Staph. aureus genotype B (GTB) and GTC being the most prominent genotypes. Furthermore, Staph. aureus GTB was found to be contagious, whereas Staph. aureus GTC and all the remaining genotypes were involved in individual cow disease. In addition to RS-PCR, other methods for subtyping Staph. aureus are known, including spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). They are based on sequencing the spa and various housekeeping genes, respectively. The aim of the present study was to compare the 3 analytic methods using 456 strains of Staph. aureus isolated from milk of bovine intramammary infections and bulk tanks obtained from 12 European countries. Furthermore, the phylogeny of animal Staph. aureus was inferred and the zoonotic transfer of Staph. aureus between cattle and humans was studied. The analyzed strains could be grouped into 6 genotypic clusters, with CLB, CLC, and CLR being the most prominent ones. Comparing the 3 subtyping methods, RS-PCR showed the highest resolution, followed by spa typing and MLST. We found associations among the methods but in many cases they were unsatisfactory except for CLB and CLC. Cluster CLB was positive for clonal complex (CC)8 in 99% of the cases and typically positive for t2953; it is the cattle-adapted form of CC8. Cluster CLC was always positive for tbl 2645 and typically positive for CC705. For CLR and the remaining subtypes, links among the 3 methods were generally poor. Bovine Staph. aureus is highly clonal and a few clones predominate. Animal Staph. aureus always evolve from human strains, such that every human strain may be the ancestor of a novel animal-adapted strain. The zoonotic transfer of IMI- and milk-associated strains of Staph. aureus between cattle and humans seems to be very limited and different hosts are not considered as a source for mutual, spontaneous infections. Spillover events, however, may happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boss
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - A Cosandey
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland; Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, P.O. Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - M Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - K Artursson
- Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Bardiau
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Breitenwieser
- Milchprüfring Baden-Württemberg e. V., Marie-Curie-Strasse 19, 73230 Kirchheim/Teck, Germany
| | - E Hehenberger
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, P.O. Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Th Lam
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - M Mansfeld
- Carinthian Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Kirchengasse 43, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - A Michel
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, P.O. Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - G Mösslacher
- Animal Health Organisation Upper Austria, Bahnhofplatz 1, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - J Naskova
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - S Nelson
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevalsvn 72, PO Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - O Podpečan
- Ambulatory Clinic for Large Animals, University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva ul. 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Raemy
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, P.O. Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - E Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - O Salat
- Veterinary Clinic of Haute Auvergne, Allauzier, 15100 Saint Flour, France
| | - P Zangerl
- Federal Institute for Alpine Dairying BAM, 6200 Jenbach, Austria
| | - A Steiner
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, P.O. Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - H U Graber
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland.
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Cosandey A, Boss R, Luini M, Artursson K, Bardiau M, Breitenwieser F, Hehenberger E, Lam T, Mansfeld M, Michel A, Mösslacher G, Naskova J, Nelson S, Podpečan O, Raemy A, Ryan E, Salat O, Zangerl P, Steiner A, Graber HU. Staphylococcus aureus genotype B and other genotypes isolated from cow milk in European countries. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:529-40. [PMID: 26585469 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is globally one of the most important pathogens causing contagious mastitis in cattle. Previous studies, however, have demonstrated in Swiss cows that Staph. aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infection is genetically heterogeneous, with Staph. aureus genotype B (GTB) and GTC being the most prominent genotypes. In addition, Staph. aureus GTB was found to be contagious, whereas Staph. aureus GTC and all the remaining genotypes were involved in individual cow disease. The aim of this study was to subtype strains of Staph. aureus isolated from bovine mastitic milk and bulk tank milk to obtain a unified view of the presence of bovine staphylococcal subtypes in 12 European countries. A total of 456 strains of Staph. aureus were subjected to different typing methods: ribosomal spacer PCR, detection of enterotoxin genes, and detection of gene polymorphisms (lukE, coa). Major genotypes with their variants were combined into genotypic clusters (CL). This study revealed 5 major CL representing 76% of all strains and comprised CLB, CLC, CLF, CLI, and CLR. The clusters were characterized by the same genetic properties as the Swiss isolates, demonstrating high clonality of bovine Staph. aureus. Interestingly, CLB was situated in central Europe whereas the other CL were widely disseminated. The remaining 24% of the strains comprised 41 genotypes and variants, some of which (GTAM, GTBG) were restricted to certain countries; many others, however, were observed only once.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cosandey
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland; Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, PO Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - R Boss
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - M Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - K Artursson
- Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Bardiau
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Breitenwieser
- Milchprüfring Baden-Württemberg e. V., Marie-Curie-Strasse 19, 73230 Kirchheim/Teck, Germany
| | - E Hehenberger
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, PO Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Th Lam
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - M Mansfeld
- Carinthian Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Kirchengasse 43, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - A Michel
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, PO Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - G Mösslacher
- Animal Health Organisation Upper Austria, Bahnhofplatz 1, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - J Naskova
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland
| | - S Nelson
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevalsvn 72, PO Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - O Podpečan
- Ambulatory Clinic for Large Animals, University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva ul. 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Raemy
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, PO Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - E Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - O Salat
- Veterinary Clinic of Haute Auvergne, Allauzier, 15100 Saint Flour, France
| | - P Zangerl
- Federal Institute for Alpine Dairying BAM, 6200 Jenbach, Austria
| | - A Steiner
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, PO Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - H U Graber
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS), Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Berne, Switzerland.
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Tschopp A, Reist M, Kaufmann T, Bodmer M, Kretzschmar L, Heiniger D, Berchtold B, Wohlfender F, Harisberger M, Boss R, Strabel D, Cousin ME, Graber H, Steiner A, van den Borne B. A multiarm randomized field trial evaluating strategies for udder health improvement in Swiss dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:840-60. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abb-Schwedler K, Maeschli A, Boss R, Graber HU, Steiner A, Klocke P. Feeding mastitis milk to organic dairy calves: effect on health and performance during suckling and on udder health at first calving. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:267. [PMID: 25420614 PMCID: PMC4256886 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection pathways of S. aureus udder infections in heifers are still not well understood. One hypothesis is that calves become infected with S. aureus via feeding mastitis milk. Especially on small-scale farms, pasteurisers are not economic. The purpose of this randomised comparative study was to investigate the influence of feeding milk containing S. aureus genotype B (SAGTB) on the health and development of calves and udder health of the respective heifers. Additionally, a method reducing the bacterial load to obtain safer feeding milk was tested. Thirty-four calves were fed mastitis milk from cows with subclinical SAGTB mastitis. One group was fed untreated milk (UMG). For the other group, milk was thermised at 61°C for one minute (heat treated milk group = HMG). After weaning, calves were followed up until first calving. A milk sample of these heifers was taken at first milking to compare udder health of both groups. Results Thermisation of milk led to an effective reduction of S. aureus in the feeding milk. 78% of the analysed pools were free of S. aureus, a reduction of at least one log was obtained in the other pools. Quarter milk samples revealed that two heifers had a S. aureus intramammary infection, but caused by a genotype different from genotype B. During the suckling period, the UMG had a significantly higher incidence rate of 1.09 diarrhoea cases per 100 calf days at risk compared to 0.26 cases per 100 calf days in the HMG (p < 0.05). Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, no effects of feeding milk containing SAGTB on udder health after first calving were observed. But a power analysis indicated that the sample size in the current setup is insufficient to allow for assessment on mastitis risk after SAGTB exposition, as a minimal number of 4 calves infected (vs. 0 in the HMG) would have shown significant effects. High bacterial load, however, was associated with an increased incidence rate of diarrhoea. Thus, thermisation as a minimal preventive measure before feeding mastitis milk to calves might be beneficial for maintaining calf health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0267-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Berchtold B, Bodmer M, van den Borne B, Reist M, Graber H, Steiner A, Boss R, Wohlfender F. Genotype-specific risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus in Swiss dairy herds with an elevated yield-corrected herd somatic cell count. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4886-96. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Raemy A, Meylan M, Casati S, Gaia V, Berchtold B, Boss R, Wyder A, Graber HU. Phenotypic and genotypic identification of streptococci and related bacteria isolated from bovine intramammary infections. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:53. [PMID: 23866930 PMCID: PMC3723560 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus spp. and other Gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci (PNC) form a large group of microorganisms which can be found in the milk of cows with intramammary infection. The most frequently observed PNC mastitis pathogens (major pathogens) are Streptococcus uberis, Strep. dysgalactiae, and Strep. agalactiae. The remaining PNC include a few minor pathogens and a large nonpathogenic group. Improved methods are needed for the accurate identification and differentiation of PNC. A total of 151 PNC were collected from cows with intramammary infection and conclusively identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as reference method. Nine phenotypic microbiological tests (alpha-hemolysis, CAMP reaction, esculin hydrolysis, growth on kanamycin esculin azide agar and on sodium chloride agar, inulin fermentation, hippurate hydrolysis, leucine aminopeptidase and pyrrolidonyl peptidase activity), multiplex PCR for the three major pathogens (target genes for Strep. uberis, Strep. dysgalactiae and Strep. agalactiae: pauA, 16S rRNA, and sklA3, respectively), and mass spectroscopy using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF MS) were evaluated for the diagnosis and discrimination of the three clinically most relevant PNC. Results The probability that a strain of Strep. uberis, Strep. dysgalactiae and Strep. agalactiae was correctly identified by combining the results of the 9 phenotypic tests was 92%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. Applying the multiplex PCR, all strains of the three major pathogens were correctly identified and no false positive results occurred. Correct identification was observed for all strains of Strep. uberis and Strep. agalactiae using MALDI-TOF MS. In the case of Strep. dysgalactiae, some variability was observed at the subspecies level, but all strains were allocated to one single cluster. Conclusions The results of the present study show that reliable identification of the clinically most relevant PNC (Strep. uberis, Strep. agalactiae and Strep. dysgalactiae) can be obtained by use of a combination of colony morphology, hemolysis type and catalase reaction, and a multiplex PCR with specific primers restricted to these 3 pathogens. The MALDI-TOF MS is a fast method that shows promising results, although identification of Strep. dysgalactiae at the subspecies level is not yet satisfactory.
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Syring C, Boss R, Reist M, Bodmer M, Hummerjohann J, Gehrig P, Graber H. Bovine mastitis: The diagnostic properties of a PCR-based assay to monitor the Staphylococcus aureus genotype B status of a herd, using bulk tank milk. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3674-82. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Boss R, Naskova J, Steiner A, Graber H. Mastitis diagnostics: Quantitative PCR for Staphylococcus aureus genotype B in bulk tank milk. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:128-37. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wyder AB, Boss R, Naskova J, Kaufmann T, Steiner A, Graber HU. Streptococcus spp. and related bacteria: their identification and their pathogenic potential for chronic mastitis - a molecular approach. Res Vet Sci 2010; 91:349-57. [PMID: 20971488 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus spp. and related bacteria form a large group of organisms which are associated with bovine intramammary Infections (IMI). Some of them are the well-known mastitis pathogens Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus agalactiae. In addition, there are a considerable number of these gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci (PNC) with unclear mastitic pathogenicity such as Aerococcus viridans which make the conventional diagnostics of PNC difficult. One diagnostic, API 20 Strep (API, Biomérieux) is recommended which, as a phenotypic assay, involves a series of miniaturized biochemical tests. Recently, preference is given to genotypic identification methods. In particular, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allows highly reproducible and accurate identification of bacteria and permits discovery of novel, clinically relevant bacteria. As a consequence, the aim of the present study was to compare identification of IMI-associated PNC by the API method as well as by sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene (16S). Furthermore, the correlation of these bacteria to bovine chronic mastitis and their phylogeny was investigated. 102 PNC isolated from single quarter milk samples were identified by API and 16S sequencing. Considering Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae and Streptococcus agalactiae, both methods generated fully concordant results. In contrast, a very high disconcordance was observed for most of the other PNC, in particular Enterococcus spp., Aerococcus viridans and the viridans streptococci were shown as apathogenic. Lactococcus garvieae was found to be an opportunistic pathogen causing IMI during late lactation. In addition, PNC isolated from milk were frequently observed together with other bacteria, in particular with Staphylococcus spp. In these cases, the levels of somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined by the specific PNC present in the sample. Considering PNC phylogeny based on 16S sequencing, 3 major clusters were observed. They included all the common mastitis pathogens (cluster I), the Lactococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Aerococcus spp. (cluster II) and all the viridans streptococci (cluster III).
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Wyder
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, P.O. Box 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Neonatal infection with Trichomonas vaginalis is an unusual occurrence. We present a case of T. vaginalis found on routine urinalysis in a five-day-old neonate born at 29 weeks gestational age. The patient was treated with metronidazole and had complete resolution of the infection. This report discusses the significance of diagnosis and treatment of T. vaginalis in the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trintis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - N Epie
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
| | - R Boss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - S Riedel
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kerschbaum T, Boss R, Thie BM. [Crowns and bridgework. A survey of the loss of function in the clinic and in practice]. ZWR 1986; 95:494-6, 498, 500 passim. [PMID: 3463034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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