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Rossi LG, Andrade MEB, Rabelo CHS, Siqueira GR, Vicente EF, Silva WL, Silva MM, Reis RA. Flint corn silage management: influence of maturity stage, inoculation with Lentilactobacillus buchneri, and storage time on fermentation pattern, aerobic stability, and nutritional characteristics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1223717. [PMID: 37533825 PMCID: PMC10390726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High quality corn silage depends on factors such as corn type, stage of crop development at harvest time, fermentation time, in addition to use or not of inoculants. This study aimed to investigate the impact of maturity stage, bacterial inoculation, and storage time on fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritional characteristics of flint corn silage and their implications for corn silage management. Methods A flint corn hybrid was harvested very early, early, and medium (at 250, 300 and 350 g dry matter (DM)/kg as fed, respectively) and ensiled in mini-silos without (control) or with Lentilactobacillus buchneri CNCM I-4323 at 1 × 105 cfu/g for 120, 240 and 360 d to investigate how these factors interact with each other. Results and discussion There was only a small increase (7 g/kg starch; p = 0.003) in starch digestibility (starch-D) in the silages stored for 360 d when compared to that stored for 240 d, but with no difference for 120 d. Despite the reduced starch-D (526 vs. 694 g/kg starch; p < 0.001), silages produced from medium harvest had higher (p < 0.001) starch content (317 vs. 137 g/kg DM) and higher amount of digestible starch (169 vs. 98.5 g/kg DM; p < 0.001) compared to very early harvest. The 2-way interactions (inoculation × storage time and maturity × storage time) showed that inoculation of corn silage with L. buchneri increased (p < 0.001) the aerobic stability, and that more mature crop silage had higher aerobic stability (140 h; p = 0.036) than the others (118 and 48.5 h for those silages from very early and early harvest). Conclusion The storage for a longer time (>120 d) with the goal of increasing silage digestibility did not occur. Harvesting whole-crop flint corn with 300 to 350 g/kg DM is desirable to have higher DM yield and starch accumulation. Inoculation with L. buchneri is recommended to preserve the silage against aerobic deterioration. This study has shown the importance of harvesting flint corn at the right time, and the need for inoculation with L. buchneri to ensure greater yield, starch accumulation, and silage preservation, if 120 days of storage are not exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. Rossi
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina E. B. Andrade
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. S. Rabelo
- Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Siqueira
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology Alta Mogiana, Colina, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. Vicente
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, São Paulo State University, Tupã, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilton L. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Matheus M. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. Reis
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Congio GFS, Bannink A, Mayorga OL, Rodrigues JPP, Bougouin A, Kebreab E, Carvalho PCF, Berchielli TT, Mercadante MEZ, Valadares-Filho SC, Borges ALCC, Berndt A, Rodrigues PHM, Ku-Vera JC, Molina-Botero IC, Arango J, Reis RA, Posada-Ochoa SL, Tomich TR, Castelán-Ortega OA, Marcondes MI, Gómez C, Ribeiro-Filho HMN, Gere JI, Ariza-Nieto C, Giraldo LA, Gonda H, Cerón-Cucchi ME, Hernández O, Ricci P, Hristov AN. Improving the accuracy of beef cattle methane inventories in Latin America and Caribbean countries. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159128. [PMID: 36181820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
On-farm methane (CH4) emissions need to be estimated accurately so that the mitigation effect of recommended practices can be accounted for. In the present study prediction equations for enteric CH4 have been developed in lieu of expensive animal measurement approaches. Our objectives were to: (1) compile a dataset from individual beef cattle data for the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region; (2) determine main predictors of CH4 emission variables; (3) develop and cross-validate prediction models according to dietary forage content (DFC); and (4) compare the predictive ability of these newly-developed models with extant equations reported in literature, including those currently used for CH4 inventories in LAC countries. After outlier's screening, 1100 beef cattle observations from 55 studies were kept in the final dataset (∼ 50 % of the original dataset). Mixed-effects models were fitted with a random effect of study. The whole dataset was split according to DFC into a subset for all-forage (DFC = 100 %), high-forage (94 % ≥ DFC ≥ 54 %), and low-forage (50 % ≥ DFC) diets. Feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) were the main predictors of CH4 emission (g d-1), whereas this was feeding level [dry matter intake (DMI) as % of body weight] for CH4 yield (g kg-1 DMI). The newly-developed models were more accurate than IPCC Tier 2 equations for all subsets. Simple and multiple regression models including ADG were accurate and a feasible option to predict CH4 emission when data on feed intake are not available. Methane yield was not well predicted by any extant equation in contrast to the newly-developed models. The present study delivered new models that may be alternatives for the IPCC Tier 2 equations to improve CH4 prediction for beef cattle in inventories of LAC countries based either on more or less readily available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhermo F S Congio
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, AH 6700, the Netherlands
| | - Olga L Mayorga
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Tibaitatá, Bogotá D.C. 250047, Colombia
| | - João P P Rodrigues
- Animal Science Institute, Department of Animal Production, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Adeline Bougouin
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Paulo C F Carvalho
- Department of Forage Plants and Agrometeorology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Telma T Berchielli
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Maria E Z Mercadante
- Institute of Animal Science, São Paulo Agribusiness Technology Agency, Sertãozinho, SP 14174-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ana L C C Borges
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo H M Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juan C Ku-Vera
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Yucatán 97100, Mexico
| | - Isabel C Molina-Botero
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, National Agrarian University La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Jacobo Arango
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Valle del Cauca 763537, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Reis
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Posada-Ochoa
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia 050034, Colombia
| | - Thierry R Tomich
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Octavio A Castelán-Ortega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Estado de México 50000, Mexico
| | - Marcos I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, National Agrarian University La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
| | | | - José I Gere
- Regional Faculty of Buenos Aires, National Technological University, Buenos Aires C1179AAQ, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Claudia Ariza-Nieto
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Tibaitatá, Bogotá D.C. 250047, Colombia
| | - Luis A Giraldo
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia 2037, Colombia
| | - Horacio Gonda
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - María E Cerón-Cucchi
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Institute of Pathobiology, Hurlingham C1686, Argentina
| | - Olegario Hernández
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Santiago del Estero G4200, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Patricia Ricci
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina; National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Balcarce B7620, Argentina
| | - Alexander N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Araújo TLR, Rabelo CHS, Cardoso AS, Carvalho VV, Acedo TS, Tamassia LFM, Vasconcelos GSFM, Duval SM, Kindermann M, Gouvea VN, Fernandes MHMR, Reis RA. Feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol reduces methane emissions by feedlot cattle on tropical conditions. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad225. [PMID: 37402612 PMCID: PMC10358221 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; Bovaer, DSM Nutritional Products) at two levels on methane emissions, nitrogen balance, and performance by feedlot cattle. In experiment 1, a total of 138 Nellore bulls (initial body weight, 360 ± 37.3 kg) were housed in pens (27 pens with either 4 or 5 bulls per pen) and fed a high-concentrate diet for 96 d, containing 1) no addition of 3-NOP (control), 2) inclusion of 3-NOP at 100 mg/kg dry matter (DM), and 3) inclusion of 3-NOP at 150 mg/kg DM. No adverse effects of 3-NOP were observed on DM intake (DMI), animal performance, and gain:feed (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of 3-NOP on carcass characteristics (subcutaneous fat thickness and rib eye area). In experiment 2, 24 bulls (initial BW, 366 ± 39.6 kg) housed in 12 pens (2 bulls/pen) from experiment 1 were used for CH4 measurements and nitrogen balance. Irrespective of the level, 3-NOP consistently decreased (P < 0.001) animals' CH4 emissions (g/d; ~49.3%), CH4 yield (CH4/DMI; ~40.7%) and CH4 intensity (CH4/average daily gain; ~38.6%). Moreover, 3-NOP significantly reduced the gross energy intake lost as CH4 by 42.5% (P < 0.001). The N retention: N intake ratio was not affected by 3-NOP (P = 0.19). We conclude that feeding 3-NOP is an effective strategy to reduce methane emissions, with no impairment on feedlot cattle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago L R Araújo
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Animal Sciences, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H S Rabelo
- UFPel, Federal University of Pelotas, Department of Plant Sciences, 96050-500 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Abmael S Cardoso
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Animal Sciences, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor V Carvalho
- DSM Nutritional Products Brazil S.A., Innovation and Applied Science Department, 04543-907 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago S Acedo
- DSM Nutritional Products Brazil S.A., Innovation and Applied Science Department, 04543-907 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F M Tamassia
- DSM Nutritional Products, Global Innovation Science Department, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Guilherme S F M Vasconcelos
- DSM Nutritional Products Brazil S.A., Innovation and Applied Science Department, 04543-907 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephane M Duval
- DSM Nutritional Products, Global Innovation Science Department, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Maik Kindermann
- DSM Nutritional Products, Global Innovation Science Department, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Vinicius N Gouvea
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension, Department of Animal Science, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Marcia H M R Fernandes
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Animal Sciences, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Reis
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Department of Animal Sciences, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Ferrari AC, Leite RG, Fonseca NV, Romanzini EP, Cardoso ADS, Barbero RP, Costa DF, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Performance, nutrient use, and methanogenesis of Nellore cattle on a continuous grazing system of Urochloa brizantha and fed supplement types varying on protein and energy sources. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simioni TA, Torrecilhas JA, Messana JD, Granja-Salcedo YT, Vito ES, Lima AR, Sanchez JM, Reis RA, Berchielli TT. Influence of growing-phase supplementation strategies on intake and performance of different beef cattle genotypes in finishing phase on pasture or feedlot. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Longhini VZ, Cardoso AS, Berça AS, Boddey RM, Reis RA, Dubeux JCB, Ruggieri AC. Could forage peanut in low proportion replace N fertilizer in livestock systems? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247931. [PMID: 33657159 PMCID: PMC7928512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. Marandu] is widely used in Brazil and is typically managed with little or no N fertilizer, which often leads to pasture decline in the long-term. The current relationship between beef price and fertilizer cost in Brazil does not favor fertilizer use in pastures. Legume inclusion is an alternative to adding fertilizer N, but often legumes do not reach a significant proportion (> 30%) in pasture botanical composition. This study evaluated herbage responses to N inputs and pasture species composition, under intermittent stocking. Treatments included palisadegrass-forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg. cv. Amarillo) mixture (mixed), unfertilized palisadegrass (control), and palisadegrass fertilized with 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (fertilized). Treatments were applied over two rainy seasons with five growth cycle (GC) evaluations each season. Response variables included herbage biomass, herbage accumulation, morphological components, total aboveground N of forage peanut (TAGNFP), and contribution of biological N2 fixation (BNF). Herbage biomass was greater for fertilized palisadegrass [5850 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1] than for the palisadegrass-forage peanut mixture (3940 kg DM ha-1), while the unfertilized palisadegrass (4400 kg DM ha-1) did not differ from the mixed pasture. Nitrogen fertilizer increased leaf mass of palisadegrass (2490 kg DM ha-1) compared with the control and mixed treatments (1700 and 1310 kg DM ha-1, respectively). The contribution of BNF to the forage peanut ranged from 79 to 85% and 0.5 to 5.5 kg N ha-1 cycle-1. Overall, benefits from forage peanut were minimal because legume percentage was less than 10%, while N input in the system by N-fertilizer increased palisadegrass herbage biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Z. Longhini
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Abmael S. Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa S. Berça
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert M. Boddey
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Antiga Rodovia Rio-São Paulo, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. Reis
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - José C. B. Dubeux
- University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL, United States of America
| | - Ana C. Ruggieri
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Hoffmann A, Cardoso AS, Fonseca NVB, Romanzini EP, Siniscalchi D, Berndt A, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Effects of supplementation with corn distillers' dried grains on animal performance, nitrogen balance, and enteric CH 4 emissions of young Nellore bulls fed a high-tropical forage diet. Animal 2021; 15:100155. [PMID: 33573951 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of corn-dried distillers' grains (DDG) could be an alternative supplement to increase animal performance, nitrogen efficiency usage (NEU), and decrease enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Our goal was to determine whether DDG could replace a traditional supplement (cottonseed meal) without affecting animal performance, N balance, and CH4 emissions. The experiment was conducted during the forage growing season (December to April), with 15 d adaptation, and a 112 d experimental period. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments: a mineral supplement (MS), cottonseed meal supplement (CS), 50% replacement of CS by DDG (50DDG), and 100% replacement of CS by DDG (100DDG). Cottonseed meal and DDG were used as protein supplement. A total of 12 paddocks, 3 per treatment, were used to measure forage mass: morphological and chemical composition of forage, forage allowance, and animal performance. Six animals per treatment were used to evaluate DM intake, digestibility, CH4 emissions, microbial protein production (MCP), and NEU of each treatment. Eighty-one Young Nellore bulls (48 testers, 12 per treatments and 33 adjusters) with initial BW of 255 ± 5 kg (10-12 months old) were supplemented with each supplement type at a level of 0.3% of BW. Pasture management was continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate (put-and-take). Enteric CH4 was measured using the gas tracer technique. The MCP was quantified using purine derivatives and the NEU mass balance. No differences were found in nutrient intake (P > 0.228). Individual animal performance and gain per area were higher in the treatments with concentrates compared with that of MS; however, there was no difference among treatments CS, 50DDG, and 100DDG. The ADG was 0.83 for MS and 1.08 kg/animal/d when supplemented (P < 0.05). Gain per hectare was 709 kg/ha for MS and 915 kg/ha when supplemented with concentrates (P < 0.05). There was no difference in CH4 production among treatments that average 180 g/animal/d; however, CH4 per kg of gain was reduced with CS. The CH4 conversion factor averaged 5.91%. There was no difference in the synthesis of MCP and NEU. Corn DDG can replace 100% of cottonseed meal as a protein source for supplementation of young Nellore bulls grazing in tropical pastures without affecting animal performance, NEU, MCP, and CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Trouw Nutrition, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - N V B Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E P Romanzini
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Siniscalchi
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Berndt
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Ruggieri
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R A Reis
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Da Ros de Araújo TL, Hoffmann A, Renesto DM, Leite RG, Rabelo CHS, Valério de Carvalho VV, Vasconcellos GSFM, Tamassia LF, Acedo TS, Gouvea VN, Reis RA. PSIX-2 Feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol reduces methane emissions by feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP; Bovaer®, DSM Nutritional Products) at two doses on methane emissions and performance by feedlot cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block, in which 138 Nellore bulls (iBW, 360 ± 37.3 kg) were placed in collective pens (9 pens per treatment) and fed a high-concentrate diet (R:C, 11:89) according with the following three treatments: 1) 0ppm 3NOP /day; 2) 100ppm 3NOP/day, or 3) 150ppm 3NOP/day. For performance and DMI assessments the pen was the experimental unit. For methane emission evaluations, CH4 and DMI were assessed individually in 12 pens (2 bulls/pen, 8 bulls (experimental units)/treatment). Methane emission was measured for 6 consecutive days using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique in two times over the experimental period (d15d -d21) and (105d to 111d), whereby the gross energy (GE) variables were calculated using equations. The individual DMI was measured using the two markers technique (Chromium oxide and indigestible NDF). The data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS and means comparison were carried out by Tukey’s test. Regardless of the level, dietary supplementation with 3NOP decreased (P < 0.001) methane emissions by 49.7% as expressed as g/d (146.0 vs. ~74 g/d−1); by 38.6% when expressed as g/kg ADG (91 vs ~56 g/kg ADG), and by 40.7% when expressed as g/kg DMI (13.5 vs. ~8 g/kg DMI). Likewise, dietary supplementation with 3NOP decreased (P < 0.001) the GE loss as a percentage of the GE intake by 42.4% (4.74 vs ~2.73%). However, feeding 3NOP had no effect on animalsˈ DM intake (~2.43 %BW; P = 0.23), ADG (~1.52 kg/d; P = 0.11) and HCW (~284 kg, P = 0.26). We conclude that Bovaer® can be used to effectively reduce methane emission by feedlot cattle without adverse effects on performance.
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Berça AS, Cardoso ADS, Longhini VZ, Tedeschi LO, Boddey RM, Berndt A, Reis RA, Ruggieri AC. Methane production and nitrogen balance of dairy heifers grazing palisade grass cv. Marandu alone or with forage peanut. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4625-4634. [PMID: 31588955 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock production systems are an essential agribusiness activity in Brazil, but a critical challenge of Brazilian farmers is to maintain the equilibrium of the ecosystem, using herbage resources efficiently with a minimum impact on the environment. Nitrogen (N) fertilization and the inclusion of forage legumes into tropical grass pastures are management strategies which increase the productivity and nutritive value of pastures and may also affect methane (CH4) production by ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of either fertilizing palisade grass pastures with N or including the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) into grass pastures on enteric CH4 emission, microbial protein production in the rumen via purine derivatives in the urine, and N balance. Twenty-one nonlactating crossbred dairy heifers were used in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments. The treatments consisted of pastures of palisade grass without N fertilization (control), fertilized with urea (fertilized), and palisade grass mixed with forage peanut (mixed). Seven animals (replications) were used to evaluate dry matter intake, digestibility, CH4 emission, urea, purine derivatives, and volume of urine, and N ingestion and excretion. Four paddocks (replications) were used to measure herbage mass; morphological, botanical, and chemical composition of herbage; and herbage allowance. The CH4 emissions were determined using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. The efficiency of N utilization (ENU) was calculated using the N balance data. Crude protein (CP) concentration of herbage increased with fertilization or legumes inclusion (P < 0.0001) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration decreased (P = 0.0355). The leaf allowance was higher in the fertilized treatment (P = 0.0294). Only uric acid excretion increased with N fertilization (P = 0.0204). The ENU was not affected by fertilized or mixed compared to control and averaged 55% (P = 0.8945). The enteric CH4 production was similar between treatments and averaged 129 g/d (P = 0.3989). We concluded that the changes in chemical composition of herbage provided by N fertilization or the inclusion of the legume showed no reduction in enteric CH4 emissions, but the ENU was more significant than previous studies with palisade grass, suggesting that different management strategies might alter the ENU under grazing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa S Berça
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Abmael Da S Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Z Longhini
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | | | - Ricardo A Reis
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Ruggieri
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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10
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Cunha SS, Orrico Junior MAP, Reis RA, Orrico ACA, Schwingel AW, Reis SDS, Silva MSJ. Use of crude glycerine and microbial inoculants to improve the fermentation process of Tifton 85 haylages. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:871-879. [PMID: 31641927 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The increase in haylage production leads to the search for additives that improve its fermentation and nutritional value. This study aimed to assess the effect of adding crude glycerine and microbial additives on losses, fermentation parameters and nutritional value of haylage. The treatments were composed of three doses of crude glycerine (0, 60 and 120 g/kg forage) and three types of inoculation (control (distilled water), SIL (Lactobacillus plantarum 2.6 × 1010 CFU/g and Pediococcus pentosaceus 2.6 × 1010 CFU/g) and INC (Bacillus subtilis 2.0 × 109 CFU/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 8.0 × 109 CFU/g and Pediococcus acidilactici 1.0 × 1010 CFU/g)). A negative linear effect was observed in the fibre fraction contents of the haylages as a function of crude glycerine addition, which contributed to similarly increasing dry matter in vitro digestibility coefficients. The use of inoculants also resulted in haylages with higher digestibility coefficients of 635.1 and 646.8 g/kg dry matter (DM) in the treatments inoculated with INC and SIL, respectively. Fermentation losses were reduced by adding crude glycerine and were not impacted by the microbial inoculants. Higher lactic acid productions were obtained as a function of crude glycerine doses. Acetic acid productions decreased from 29.3 g/kg DM to 19.2 g/kg DM between crude glycerine doses of 0 and 120 g/kg forage, respectively. SIL led to the highest lactic acid productions compared to INC and the control. Crude glycerine improves the fermentation parameters and nutritional value of haylages. However, the microbial inoculants had little impact on the parameters assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéfane S Cunha
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Marco A P Orrico Junior
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A Reis
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana C A Orrico
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Alice W Schwingel
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Sirio D S Reis
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Mabio S J Silva
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
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11
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Delevatti LM, Cardoso AS, Barbero RP, Leite RG, Romanzini EP, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7596. [PMID: 31110320 PMCID: PMC6527677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A three-year-long field experiment was conducted in a continuous grazing system with a variable stocking rate to evaluate effects of increasing nitrogen levels in Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich Stapf “marandu”) on herbage mass, forage accumulation rate (FAR), forage quality, stocking rate (SR), average daily gain (ADG), gain per hectare (GPH), and gain per kg of applied N. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (control without application of N, and 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1 year−1) and three replicates (paddocks per treatment); nitrogen was applied in the form of urea. Herbage mass, crude protein (CP), FAR, SR, GPH, and the nitrogen nutrition index increased with increasing nitrogen level (P < 0.05), whereas the neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre, and nitrogen usage efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen level (P < 0.01). Crude protein was higher than 12% and NDF lower than 60% in all treatments. Nitrogen application rate affected ADG (P < 0.05) but did not fit any equation. The highest ADG was 90 kg N ha−1 year−1 (985 g animal−1 day−1). Increasing the nitrogen level is a promising way to improve Marandu grass production, nutritive value, and animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutti M Delevatti
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Abmael S Cardoso
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rondineli P Barbero
- UFRRJ - Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Produção Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rhaony G Leite
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliéder P Romanzini
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Ruggieri
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Reis
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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12
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Lara EC, Bragiato UC, Rabelo CH, Messana JD, Sobrinho AG, Reis RA. Inoculation of corn silage with Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis associated with amylolytic enzyme supply at feeding. 2. Growth performance and carcass and meat traits of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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McFarlane ZD, Barbero RP, Nave RLG, Maheiros EB, Reis RA, Mulliniks JT. Effect of forage species and supplement type on rumen kinetics and serum metabolites in growing beef heifers grazing winter forage. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:5301-5308. [PMID: 29293792 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of stockpiled forage type and protein supplementation on VFA production, serum metabolites, and BW in yearling beef heifers. Over 2 yr, spring-born, Angus crossbred yearling beef heifers ( = 42; 305 ± 2.9 kg initial BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 forage pasture types: 1) endophyte-infected tall fescue [TF; (Schreb.) Dumort], 2) a big bluestem ( Vitman) and indiangrass ( L.) combination (BI), or 3) switchgrass (SG; L.). Each pasture was then randomly assigned to receive either 1 of 2 isonitrogenous CP treatments: 1) 0.68 kg·heifer·d of dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS; 28% CP and 88% TDN) or 2) 0.22 kg·heifer·d of blood meal and fish meal (BF; 72.5% CP and 69.5% TDN), resulting in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were initiated in January and terminated in April in both years of the study. Body weights and blood samples were collected approximately every 28 d from initiation of grazing until the end of the trial. Heifer BW change from January to February and overall BW change were greater ( < 0.01) for TF heifers. However, BW change from March to April was not different ( = 0.84) among forage types. Supplement type did not influence ( ≥ 0.13) BW or BW change from January to February and from January to April; however, heifers fed DDGS had greater ( = 0.03) BW gain from March to April. Heifer BW change from February to March exhibited ( < 0.05) a forage type × supplement interaction, with BF-fed heifers gaining more BW on BI pastures than DDGS-fed heifers. Serum glucose concentrations, ruminal acetate, and the acetate:propionate ratio were greater ( ≤ 0.04) for SG heifers. However, circulating serum NEFA and urea N (SUN) concentrations were not different ( ≥ 0.85) among forage types. Serum glucose and NEFA concentrations were not influenced ( ≥ 0.61) by supplement type. Circulating SUN concentrations were greater ( < 0.01) in BF-supplemented heifers. Ruminal acetate tended to be greater ( = 0.09) and butyrate concentrations were greater ( < 0.01) for BF-supplemented heifers. The acetate:propionate ratio was not influenced ( = 0.15) by supplement type. These results suggest that a compensatory gain period prior to breeding would be needed for these native warm-season species to be a viable opportunity for growing and developing replacement heifers in the southeastern United States.
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Neto AJ, Messana JD, Granja-Salcedo YT, Castagnino PS, Fiorentini G, Reis RA, Berchielli TT. Effect of starch level in supplement with or without oil source on diet and apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial population of Nellore steers grazing tropical grass. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Carvalho IPC, Fiorentini G, Lage JF, Messana JD, Canesin RC, Rossi LG, Reis RA, Berchielli TT. Fatty acid profile, carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore steers following supplementation with various lipid sources. Anim Prod Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fatty acid composition of meat and subcutaneous fat, carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore steers fed diets supplemented with various lipid sources. Forty-five young bulls, with average bodyweight of 441 ± 30 kg, were allotted into 10 paddocks, with five treatments, each consisting of two paddocks. The bulls were randomly assigned into one of the following five treatments, which consisted of four lipid sources: palm oil (PO), linseed oil, rumen protected fat (soybean-based oil), whole soybean, and a control (without additional fat). Trial duration was 120 days, which included 30 days of adaptation. Supplements were offered daily at 10 g/kg bodyweight per day. Dietary supplements for providing additional fat were formulated to consist of 10% ether extract. Lipid sources did not significantly affect the average daily gain (P = 0.797) or dressing percentage (P = 0.663). Supplementation with PO increased the concentrations of lauric acid (P = 0.036) and myristic acid (P < 0.001) in the muscle and subcutaneous fat. Animals supplemented with linseed oil had significantly higher concentrations of conjugated linolenic acid in the meat (P = 0.036) and fat (P = 0.049) than did control animals. In the present study, the use of various lipid sources in dietary supplements of grazing cattle during finishing period did not affect carcass traits or physical attributes of beef. This absence of statistical significance may be related to the minimum number of repeat paddocks (2) per treatment. Thus, differences that can have a practical significance were not evidenced by statistical analysis. The inclusion of PO and protected fatty acids derived from soybean oil (rumen-protected fat) is not recommended as a method to improve the lipid profile of meat and subcutaneous fat of Nellore cattle.
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Ribeiro Júnior CS, Messana JD, Granja-Salcedo YT, Canesin RC, Fiorentini G, San Vito E, Furlan LR, Reis RA, Berchielli TT. Parameters of fermentation and rumen microbiota of Nellore steers fed with different proportions of concentrate in fresh sugarcane containing diets. Arch Anim Nutr 2016; 70:402-15. [PMID: 27415825 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2016.1206737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a fresh sugarcane-based diet and different roughage-to-concentrate ratios (70:30, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80) on the rumen microbiota associated with rumen fermentation parameters and the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients in Nellore steers. Eight rumen-cannulated Nellore steers (331 ± 8 kg BW) were distributed in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design balanced for the control of the residual effect. The ruminal pH decreased (p < 0.01) and the concentrations of N-NH3, isovaleric and valeric acids increased linearly (p < 0.05) with an increase dietary concentrate level. Furthermore, an increased concentrate proportion reduced the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococus flavefaciens (p < 0.01) and increased the population of Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii (p < 0.01). The protozoa count revealed a predominance of the genus Entodinium. The synthesis of microbial N [g/d] and the efficiency of microbial synthesis [g of microbial N/kg of organic matter apparently digested in the rumen] increased as the proportion of concentrate was increased (p < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that an increasing proportion of concentrate in sugarcane-containing diets enhances the synthesis of microbial protein and does not alter the fibre digestibility, although the population of fibre fermenting bacteria was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Ribeiro Júnior
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia , Universidad Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Juliana D Messana
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia , Universidad Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Yury T Granja-Salcedo
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia , Universidad Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Roberta C Canesin
- b Centro de Pesquisas em Pecuária de Corte , Instituto de Zootecnia , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Giovani Fiorentini
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia , Universidad Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Elias San Vito
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia , Universidad Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luiz R Furlan
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia , Universidad Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Reis
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia , Universidad Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Departamento de Zootecnia , Membro INCT/CA - UFV , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Telma T Berchielli
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia , Universidad Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Departamento de Zootecnia , Membro INCT/CA - UFV , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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17
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Roth APT, Siqueira GR, Rabelo CH, Härter CJ, Basso FC, Berchielli TT, Reis RA. Impact of days post-burning and lime as an additive to reduce fermentative losses of burned sugarcane silages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Lara EC, Basso FC, de Assis FB, Souza FA, Berchielli TT, Reis RA. Changes in the nutritive value and aerobic stability of corn silages inoculated with Bacillus subtilis alone or combined with Lactobacillus plantarum. Anim Prod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability were evaluated in corn silage inoculated with microbial additives in two different experiments. Inoculant treatments (untreated, Bacillus subtilis and B. subtilis combined with Lactobacillus plantarum) were applied to fresh forages. Chopped corn plants (2B655 Hx) were ensiled in laboratory silos for periods of 7, 14, 21 and 63 days to evaluate the fermentation parameters. The experimental silos were weighed to determine gas losses. After the ensiling period, the silage was sampled to determine chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility. To evaluate aerobic stability, chopped corn plants (AG‐1051) were ensiled in laboratory silos that were opened after 96 days of ensiling. The silage was placed in different buckets containing data loggers. The silage was sampled after 0, 4, 8 and 12 days of exposure to air to evaluate the microbial populations and pH. The data were analysed as a completely randomised design using a mixed repeated-measures model in the MIXED procedure of SAS. To evaluate each treatment relative to the fermentation times, a regression analysis using the PROC REG procedure of SAS was applied. A significance level of P < 0.05 was used. Inoculation with both strains increased lactic acid concentration, whereas the use of B. subtilis alone or combined with L. plantarum improved in vitro apparent organic matter digestibility. In the B. subtilis and B. subtilis combined with L. plantarum silages, moulds and yeasts decreased, and aerobic stability was improved. Inoculation with B. subtilis alone or combined with L. plantarum improved the nutritional value and aerobic stability of corn silage.
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Fiorentini G, Lage JF, Carvalho IPC, Messana JD, Canesin RC, Reis RA, Berchielli TT. Lipid Sources with Different Fatty Acid Profile Alters the Fatty Acid Profile and Quality of Beef from Confined Nellore Steers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:976-86. [PMID: 26104402 PMCID: PMC4478507 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of lipid sources with different fatty acids profile on meat fatty acids profile and beef quality traits of Nellore. A total of 45 Nellore animals with an average initial body weight of 419±11 kg (at 15±2 mo) were distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 9 replicates. The roughage feed was maize silage (600 g/kg on a dry matter [DM] basis) plus concentrate (400 g/kg on a DM basis). The dietary treatments were as follows: without fat (WF), palm oil (PO), linseed oil (LO), protected fat (PF), and soybean grains (SG). No effects of lipid sources were observed (p>0.05) on beef color, pH, water-holding capacity, and sarcomere length. Beef from cattle fed PO had greater shear-force values (p<0.05) compared to beef from cattle fed WF. Deposition of main unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic) was greater in treatments WF, SG, and LO, respectively, while the values of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were greater when animals were fed LO. The inclusion of LO in the diet enhances the concentration of CLA in longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat besides improving the atherogenicity index and elongase activity. As such, LO can be used with the aim to improve the quality of beef from confined Nellore cattle. Conversely, the use of PO is not recommended since it may increase the concentration of undesirable unsaturated fatty acids in muscle and subcutaneous fat, shear-force and the atherogenicity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovani Fiorentini
- Department of Animal Sciences, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900,
Brazil
| | - Josiane F. Lage
- Department of Animal Sciences, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900,
Brazil
| | - Isabela P. C. Carvalho
- Department of Animal Sciences, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900,
Brazil
| | - Juliana D. Messana
- Department of Animal Sciences, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900,
Brazil
| | - Roberta. C. Canesin
- Department of Animal Sciences, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900,
Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. Reis
- Department of Animal Sciences, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900,
Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal deViçosa, INCT/CA, Viçosa, MG 36570-000,
Brazil
| | - Telma T. Berchielli
- Department of Animal Sciences, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900,
Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal deViçosa, INCT/CA, Viçosa, MG 36570-000,
Brazil
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Rezende AV, Rabelo CH, Veiga RM, Andrade LP, Härter CJ, Rabelo FH, Basso FC, Nogueira DA, Reis RA. Rehydration of corn grain with acid whey improves the silage quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lage JF, Berchielli TT, San Vito E, Silva RA, Ribeiro AF, Reis RA, Dallantonia EE, Simonetti LR, Delevatti LM, Machado M. Fatty acid profile, carcass and meat quality traits of young Nellore bulls fed crude glycerin replacing energy sources in the concentrate. Meat Sci 2014; 96:1158-64. [PMID: 24334035 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carcass and meat quality traits of 60 Nellore young bulls fed diets without crude glycerin (CG); with CG replacing corn (CGc; 10% of dry matter - DM) in the concentrate; and with CG replacing soybean hull (CGsh; 10% of DM) in the concentrate were evaluated. Diets were evaluated at two concentrate levels (CLs). The CL did not affect cold carcass weight (CCW; P=0.6074), cold carcass dressing (CCD; P=0.9636), rib fat thickness (RFT; P=0.8696) and longissimus muscle area (LMA; P=0.7524). Animals fed diets with CGc or CGsh showed meat with greater deposition of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; P=0.0022) and CLA (18:2 cis-9, trans-11) contents (P=0.0001) than animals fed diets without CG. The inclusion of 10% of CG in diets CGc or CGsh does not affect the carcass and meat quality traits; however, it increases the MUFA and CLA contents in beef, although these changes are very small in nutritional terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Lage
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - T T Berchielli
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - E San Vito
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - A F Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Reis
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - E E Dallantonia
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - L R Simonetti
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - L M Delevatti
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - M Machado
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Ribeiro AF, Messana JD, Dian PH, Reis RA, Ruggieri AC, Malheiros EB, Berchielli TT. Chemical Composition, in VitroDigestibility and Gas Production of BrachiariaManaged Under Different Forage Allowances. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Facchini FDA, Reis VRA, Roth AP, Magalhães KA, Peixoto-Nogueira SC, Casagrande DR, Reis RA, Polizeli MDLTM. Effects of Aspergillus spp. exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro fermentation of tropical forages. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:2569-2573. [PMID: 22508186 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose and hemicellulose are quantitatively the most important structural carbohydrates present in ruminant diets. Rumen micro-organisms produce enzymes that catalyse their hydrolysis, but the complex network formed by structural carbohydrates and lignin reduces their digestibility and restricts efficient utilisation of feeds by ruminants. This study aimed to produce two enzymatic extracts, apply them in ruminant diets to determine the best levels for ruminal digestibility and evaluate their effects on in vitro digestibility. RESULTS In experiment 1 a two-stage in vitro technique was used to examine the effects of different enzymatic levels of Aspergillus japonicus and Aspergillus terricola on tropical forages. Enzyme addition had minor effects on corn silage at the highest enzymatic level. In experiment 2 an in vitro gas production (GP) technique was applied to determine apparent in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy. The addition of enzymes in GP showed interesting results. Good data were obtained using sugar cane and Tifton-85 hay supplemented with extracts of A. japonicus and A. terricola respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, the study suggests that addition of crude extracts containing exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to ruminant diets enhances the effective utilisation of ruminant feedstuffs such as forages.
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Facchini FDA, Vici AC, Benassi VM, Freitas LAP, Reis RA, Jorge JA, Terenzi HF, Polizeli MDLTM. Optimization of fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus japonicus C03 with potential application in ruminant feed and their effects on tropical forages hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 34:1027-38. [PMID: 21647681 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus japonicus C03 was optimized in a medium containing agro-industrial wastes, supplemented with peptone and yeast extract. A 2(3) full factorial composite and response surface methodology were used to design the experiments and analysis of results. Tropical forages were hydrolyzed by A. japonicus C03 enzymatic extract in different levels, and they were also tested as enzymatic substrate. Optimal production to xylanase was obtained with soybean bran added to crushed corncob (1:3), 0.01% peptone, and 0.2% yeast extract, initial pH 5.0, at 30 °C under static conditions for 5 days of incubation. Optimal endoglucanase production was obtained with wheat bran added to sugarcane bagasse (3:1), 0.01% peptone, and 0.2% yeast extract, initial pH 4.0, at 30 °C, for 6 days, under static conditions. Addition of nitrogen sources as ammonium salts either inhibited or did not influence xylanase production. This enzymatic extract had a good result on tropical forage hydrolyzes and showed better performance in the Brachiaria genera, due to their low cell wall lignin quantity. These results represent a step forward toward the use of low-cost agricultural residues for the production of valuable enzymes with potential application in animal feed, using fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda D A Facchini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Loureiro-Dos-Santos NE, Reis RA, Kubrusly RC, de Almeida OM, Gardino PF, de Mello MC, de Mello FG. Inhibition of choline acetyltransferase by excitatory amino acids as a possible mechanism for cholinergic dysfunction in the central nervous system. J Neurochem 2001; 77:1136-44. [PMID: 11359879 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was reduced by more than 85% in cultured retina cells after 16 h treatment with 150 microM kainate (T(1/2) : 3.5 h). Glutamate, AMPA and quisqualate also inhibited the enzyme in equivalent proportion. Cell lesion measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide - thiazolyl blue (MTT) reduction and microscopic observation was not detected even after 48 h with kainate. Other retina neurochemical markers were not affected by kainate and full recovery of the enzyme was achieved 9 days after kainate removal. Moreover, hemicolinium-3 sensitive choline uptake and hemicolinium-3 binding sites were maintained intact after kainate treatment. The immunoblot and immunohistochemical analysis of the enzyme revealed that ChAT molecules were maintained in cholinergic neurons. The use of antagonists showed that ionotropic and group 1 metabotropic receptors mediated the effect of glutamate on ChAT inhibition, in a calcium dependent manner. The quisqualate mediated ChAT inhibition and part of the kainate effect (30%) was prevented by 5 mM N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Veratridine (3 microM) also reduced ChAT by a Ca(2+) dependent, but glutamate independent mechanism and was prevented by 1 microM tetrodotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Loureiro-Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
We examined the effects of dopamine and cAMP on the differentiation of dopaminergic retinal cells in the chick retina, using an in vitro system and tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry. Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells were detected in cultures prepared from embryonic day 10 retinas. These increased in number as a function of time in vitro and by treatment for 4 days with forskolin. Besides causing a 3.4-fold increase in the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive population, forskolin also caused these cells to developed morphogenetic features of more mature cells. As opposed to forskolin, cultures treated with dopamine exhibited a 55% reduction of the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell population, as compared to untreated cultures. Quinpirole was able to mimic the dopamine effect. This dopamine effect could only be blocked by clozapine, whereas raclopride and eticlopride were ineffective. Our results suggest the existence of a narrow window during development when undifferentiated dopaminergic cells are capable of being influenced by specific signals, possibly via cAMP production. The data also indicate that dopamine may act as a regulatory factor limiting the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive population in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Guimarães
- Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS Bl-G Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil
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Francischetti IM, Ghazaleh FA, Reis RA, Carlini CR, Guimarães JA. Convulxin induces platelet activation by a tyrosine-kinase-dependent pathway and stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins, including PLC gamma 2, independently of integrin alpha IIb beta 3. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 353:239-50. [PMID: 9606958 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1Convulxin (Cvx) is a well-characterized platelet aggregating glycoprotein isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus and C. d. cascavella venoms. In the present report we show that Cvx induces tyrosine phosphorylation of human platelet proteins, including phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLC gamma 2), and also stimulates [3H]arachidonic acid ([3H]AA) mobilization, pleckstrin phosphorylation, and an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]in) due to both Ca2+ entry and internal Ca2+ mobilization. Staurosporine, a potent protein kinase inhibitor, and genistein, a specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), were used to evaluate the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) in the signal transduction evoked by Cvx. Staurosporine and genistein inhibited in a dose-dependent manner platelet aggregation induced by Cvx. Both inhibitors significantly blocked to near basal levels breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate from [myo-2-3H]inositol-labeled platelets and the production of [3H]AA metabolites from [3H]AA-labeled platelets after challenge with Cvx. Cvx provokes an increase in [Ca2+]in in Fura-2-loaded platelets that was abolished by concentrations of staurosporine which also inhibited Cvx-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, Cvx stimulates a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of human platelets proteins with molecular masses of 40, 72/74, 78/80, 105, 120, and 145 kDa, followed by dephosphorylation. Furthermore, Cvx stimulates a rapid tyrosyl phosphorylation of a 145-kDa molecular mass protein that was identified as PLC gamma 2. PTP induced by Cvx was not inhibited when platelets were stimulated in the presence of indomethacin, apyrase, EDTA, or RGDS peptide. These results indicate that PTP is chronologically proximal to Cvx binding to platelets, and is independent of aggregation or fibrinogen binding to the integrin alpha IIb beta 3. On the other hand, the dephosphorylation step is inhibited by RGDS peptide or EDTA, suggesting that integrin alpha IIb beta 3 is envolved in this step. The profile obtained with Cvx resembles that obtained in platelets adherent to an immobilized ligand, such as immobilized collagen, in which PTP is independent on integrin alpha IIb beta 3. Thus, we suggest that Cvx is an example of a protein with adhesion molecule-like properties; i.e., it is an adhesin. In conclusion, our results show that Cvx induces multiple signaling pathways in platelets via a PTK-dependent pathway involving PLC gamma 2 tyrosyl phosphorylation, with the subsequent platelet responses. Cvx is unique among platelet soluble agonists because under test tube stirring conditions it induces a PTP profile independently of integrin alpha IIb beta 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Francischetti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Brazil
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Do Nascimento JL, Kubrusly RC, Reis RA, De Mello MC, De Mello FG. Atypical effect of dopamine in modulating the functional inhibition of NMDA receptors of cultured retina cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 343:103-10. [PMID: 9551720 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cultured retina cells released accumulated [3H]GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) when stimulated by L-glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and kainate. In the absence of Mg2+, dopamine at 200 microM (IC50 60 microM), inhibited in more than 50% the release of [3H]GABA induced by L-glutamate and NMDA, but not by kainate. This effect was not blocked by the D1-like dopamine receptor antagonist, R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl- -phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH 23390), neither by haloperidol nor spiroperidol (dopamine D2-like receptor antagonists). The dopamine D1-like receptor agonist R(+)-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,diol hydrochloride (SKF 38393) at 50 microM, but not its enantiomer, also inhibited the release of [3H]GABA induced by NMDA, but not by kainate; an effect that was not prevented by the antagonists mentioned above. (+/-)-6-Chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin e hydrobromide (SKF 812497) had no effect. Neither 8BrcAMP (5 mM) nor forskolin (10 microM) inhibited the release of [3H]GABA. Our results suggest that dopamine and (+)-SKF 38393 inhibit the glutamate and NMDA-evoked [3H]GABA release through mechanisms that seem not to involve known dopaminergic receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Do Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia, CCB, UFPa, Campus Universitário, Belém, Para, Brazil
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Abstract
The mobilization of inositol triphosphate ip3 by N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) and kainate, two excitatory amino acid EAA receptor agonists, was studied in cultured chick retina cells as a function of culture differentiation. Kainate (EC50 = 30 microM) stimulated from 6 to 9-fold the production of [3H]ip3 between E8C3 (embryonic day 8 plus 3 days in vitro) and E8C13. The kainate response was blocked by CNQX (100 microM) by more than 80% until stage E8C9. MK-801, however, was totally ineffective in preventing the kainate induced ip3 generation. [3H]ip3 production evoked by NMDA was increased 4-fold above basal levels at E8C3. As cultures differentiated, [3H]ip3 production promoted by NMDA decreased to 2.5-fold at E8C6 to 1.6-fold the basal levels in cultures at later stages of differentiation. The removal of Mg2+ from the incubating medium at E8C3 increased the NMDA mediated [3H]ip3 production by 80%. However, at more differentiated stages of the cultures, when cells were not responsive to NMDA, removal of Mg2+ plus the addition of 1 mM glycine did not change the pattern of the response. Although NMDA mediated ip3 production is almost absent in more differentiated cultures, NMDA is able to induce [3H]GABA release in E8C3 and E8C13 cultures with characteristics that reflect typical NMDA receptor activation: it is highly potentiated by the absence of Mg2+ and by the presence of glycine. The NMDA induced production of [3H]ip3 at E8C3 was entirely blocked by MK-801 (100 microM) and APV (100 microM) but not by CNQX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Reis
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Duran R, Reis RA, Almeida OM, de-Mello MC, de-Mello FG. Domoic acid induces neurotoxicity and ip3 mobilization in cultured cells of embryonic chick retina. Braz J Med Biol Res 1995; 28:100-7. [PMID: 7581017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Domoic acid (DOM), 1 to 50 microM, a glutamate agonist responsible for several neurological effects such as loss of memory and confusion, induced the death of cultured neurons of chick embryonic retina, in a concentration- and Ca(2+)-dependent manner. This effect was blocked by 100 microM CNQX, a competitive antagonist of the non-NMDA receptor, but not by 10 microM MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor. DOM also induced inositol triphosphate (ip3) accumulation 4 to 7 times above basal levels. This effect was also dependent on external Ca2+ and was entirely blocked by 100 microM CNQX, but not by 10 microM MK-801. These results suggest that DOM interaction with non-NMDA glutamate receptors mediates signal transduction with ip3 accumulation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Duran
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Reis RA. Endocrine therapy reevaluated. Postgrad Med 1971; 49:191-4. [PMID: 5547898 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1971.11696557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Reis RA, Gerbie AB, Gerbie MV. Reducing hazards to the newborn during cesarean section. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1970; 130:124-6. [PMID: 5410265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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