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Zaman NIU, Kek TL, Ahmad R, Noorizhab MNF, Rofiee MS, James RJ, Nor NM, Mohamed M, Hoon TS, Singh PSA, Janor RM, Bakar SHA, Salleh MZ. Signatory metabolomics biomarkers of stress, anxiety, and depression: a proof of concept for precision health among university students: A cross-sectional study. Precis Future Med 2023. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2022.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The highly competitive nature of tertiary education and the pressure to perform academically have increased psychological morbidity like emotional distress. Untargeted metabolomics was used to analyze serum samples of university students for biomarkers and perturbated metabolism due to stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD).Methods: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was used to assess the severity of SAD in university students. The metabolite fingerprint of each subject was obtained using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight (LC/MS QTOF). The signature metabolites for each trait were determined by projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with variable importance for the projection (VIP) score > 1.0 (P<0.05) and subjected to analysis using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Potential biomarkers with an area under the curve (AUC) value exceeding 0.65 were identified.Results: Various groups of glycerophospholipids were upregulated in the studied traits. On the other hand, metabolites such as glycocholic acid was upregulated in depression, while hypoxanthine was upregulated in anxiety, and PE-Cer(d14:1(4E)/22:1(13Z)) was upregulated in stress.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the relationship of the differentially expressed metabolites in university students of different categories of SAD using the DASS-21 screening tool in Malaysia as we move forward with precision health.
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Azmi N, Zulkurnain EI, Ramli S, James RJ, Halim H. The Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Persicaria odorata: A Review. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i41b32366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 88% of its member or 61 countries acknowledge the use of traditional and complementary medicines. Persicaria odorata is being used as traditional herbs to treat fever, nausea and promoting hair growth. Besides, it is used as an anti-inflammatory agent in Vietnam to relieve swelling and treat wounds, sores, and ulcers. This review aims to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological status of P. odorata. P. odorata is a plant with a high content of phenols and flavonoids. Among the essential chemical constituents in the P. odorata are methyl gallate, (+)-catechin, eupatoriochromene, n-dodecanal, polygonumins A, α-humulene and anthraquinone. P. odorata also exerts many pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer effects. The commonly used part of P. odorata for extraction are leaves followed by the aerial part, rhizomes and stems. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to identify the efficacy and toxicity of P. odorata. New drugs could be developed from the active compounds of P. odorata in the future.
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Lim WF, Nasir SM, Teh LK, James RJ, Izhar MHM, Salleh MZ. The methanolic extract of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) reduces body weight and food intake, and improves lipid profiles by altering the lipid metabolism: a rat model. Turk J Biol 2021; 44:437-448. [PMID: 33402870 PMCID: PMC7759190 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia
species are widely used for their slimming effects via increased fat burning and suppression of satiety. However, scientific evidence for the biological effects of
Garcinia atroviridis
(GA) is lacking. We investigated the phytochemical composition, safety profiles, and antioxidant and antiobesity effects of methanolic extracts of
Garcinia atroviridis
(MeGa) in obese female rats. Repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted according to the OECD guidelines. Upon sacrifice, haematological, biochemical, lipid profile, and serum-based metabolomics analyses were performed to evaluate metabolic expression changes and their related pathways. MeGa contains several phytochemical groups and GA fruit acids. MeGa was found to be nontoxic in both male and female rats with an oral lethal dose (LD50) of 2000 mg/kg. After 9 weeks of treatment, MeGa-treated obese rats had lower weight gain and better lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglyceride), which correlated with the altered metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of lipid (glycerophospholipid) and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid. In addition, MeGa caused differential metabolism pathways of arachidonic acid and tryptophan that affect the inflammatory response and suppression of appetite. We concluded that MeGa is safe, and its slimming effects are due to the differential metabolism of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Feng Lim
- Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Suriati Mohd Nasir
- Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Richard Johari James
- Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafidz Mohd Izhar
- Comparative Medicine and Technology Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Razali RH, Noorizhab MNF, Jamari H, James RJ, Teh KH, Ibrahim HM, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Association of ABCC2 with levels and toxicity of methotrexate in Malaysian Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 37:185-197. [PMID: 31870219 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2019.1705949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies had shown that genetic polymorphism plays a significant role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics variation of high dose methotrexate (MTX), 5000 mg/m2 regimen. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variations associated with the serum level and toxicity of MTX in Malaysian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Thirty-eight patients were genotyped for rs717620 (ABCC2), rs4948496 (ARID5B), rs1801133 (MTHFR) and rs4149056 (SLCO1B1). Serum levels of MTX at 48 h post 24 h of intravenous infusion were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ABCC2 genotype was significantly associated with the serum levels of MTX at 48 h after treatment (p = 0.017). Patients with CT and TT of rs717620 (ABCC2) and TC and CC of rs4948496 (ARID5B) were significantly associated with leukopenia grade I-IV (Fisher Exact Test; p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). The three most common MTX related toxicities were leukopenia (60.5%), increased alanine aminotransferase enzyme (47.4%), and thrombocytopenia (47.4%). Our results demonstrate that by prescreening of patients for ABCC2 and ARID5B associated with the serum levels and adverse effects of MTX would identify patients at risk and therefore help a pediatric oncologist to personalize chemotherapy drugs for precision health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizal Husaini Razali
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nur Fakhruzzaman Noorizhab
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hisyam Jamari
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Richard Johari James
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoi Teh
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Unit, Women & Children's Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Unit, Women & Children's Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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5
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Ang GY, Yu CY, Johari James R, Ahmad A, Abdul Rahman T, Mohd Nor F, Shaari SA, Ismail AI, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. A study on the genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5 among the Orang Asli in Malaysia using a next generation sequencing platform. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:166-169. [PMID: 29447003 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1440004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geik Yong Ang
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
- Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
| | - Choo Yee Yu
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
| | - Richard Johari James
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Ahmad
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
| | | | - Fadzilah Mohd Nor
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
| | | | - Adzrool Idzwan Ismail
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
- School of Creative Industry Management & Performing Arts, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), ALAM, Malaysia
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Abdul Hisam EE, Rofiee MS, Khalid AM, Jalaluddin AF, Mohamad Yusof MI, Idris MH, Ramli S, James RJ, Jack Yoeng W, Lay Kek T, Salleh MZ. Combined extract of Moringa oleifera and Centella asiatica modulates oxidative stress and senescence in hydrogen peroxide-induced human dermal fibroblasts. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:33-44. [PMID: 30814868 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1708-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. leaves have been previously reported to exhibit antioxidant activity. The objective of the present study is to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of the combined extracts of M. oleifera and C. asiatica (TGT-PRIMAAGE) and its effect on hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2)-induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts. TGTPRIMAAGE acted on the mechanism of hydrogen transfer as it showed scavenging activity in the DPPH assay. This is due to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids in TGT-PRIMAAGE. TGT-PRIMAAGE effectively reduced cellular generation of reactive oxygen species induced by H O2. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were also increased in cells treated with TGT-PRIMAAGE. 2 Treatment with TGT-PRIMAAGE showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number of senescent cells. Significant reduction (P < 0.05) of malondialdehyde was also seen in cells treated with TGT-PRIMAAGE. The p53 protein level was reduced in TGT-PRIMAAGEtreated cells, which indicates its potential in protecting the cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Ezlinda Abdul Hisam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Salleh Rofiee
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Aina Mardhia Khalid
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Firdaus Jalaluddin
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izwan Mohamad Yusof
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Muhd Hanis Idris
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Salfarina Ramli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Richard Johari James
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Wee Jack Yoeng
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Teh Lay Kek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor , Puncak Alam , Malaysia
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7
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Yu CY, Ang GY, Subramaniam V, Johari James R, Ahmad A, Abdul Rahman T, Mohd Nor F, Shaari SA, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Inference of the Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2D6 in Six Subtribes of the Malaysian Orang Asli from Whole-Genome Sequencing Data. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:409-415. [PMID: 28525288 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS CYP2D6 is one of the major enzymes in the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. It metabolizes ∼25% of prescribed drugs and hence, the genetic diversity of a CYP2D6 gene has continued to be of great interest to the medical and pharmaceutical industries. This study was designed to perform a systematic analysis of the CYP2D6 gene in six subtribes of the Malaysian Orang Asli. METHODS Genomic DNAs were extracted from the blood samples followed by whole-genome sequencing. The reads were aligned to the reference human genome hg19 and variants in the CYP2D6 gene were analyzed. CYP2D6*5 and duplication of CYP2D6 were analyzed using previously established methods. RESULTS A total of 72 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. CYP2D6*1, *2, *4, *5, *10,*41, and duplication of the gene were found in the Orang Asli, whereby CYP2D6*2 and *41 alleles are reported for the first time in the Malaysian population. CONCLUSION The findings in this study provide insights into the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 in the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choo Yee Yu
- 1 Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Geik Yong Ang
- 1 Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Vinothini Subramaniam
- 1 Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Richard Johari James
- 1 Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam, Malaysia .,2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Ahmad
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | | | - Fadzilah Mohd Nor
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Syahrul Azlin Shaari
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- 1 Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam, Malaysia .,2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- 1 Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Puncak Alam, Malaysia .,2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Ang GY, Yu CY, Subramaniam V, Abdul Khalid MIH, Tuan Abdu Aziz TA, Johari James R, Ahmad A, Abdul Rahman T, Mohd Nor F, Ismail AI, Md. Isa K, Salleh H, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Detection of CYP2C19 Genetic Variants in Malaysian Orang Asli from Massively Parallel Sequencing Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164169. [PMID: 27798644 PMCID: PMC5087908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a superfamily of enzymes that have been a focus in research for decades due to their prominent role in drug metabolism. CYP2C is one of the major subfamilies which metabolize more than 10% of all clinically used drugs. In the context of CYP2C19, several key genetic variations that alter the enzyme’s activity have been identified and catalogued in the CYP allele nomenclature database. In this study, we investigated the presence of well-established variants as well as novel polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 gene of 62 Orang Asli from the Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 449 genetic variants were detected including 70 novel polymorphisms; 417 SNPs were located in introns, 23 in upstream, 7 in exons, and 2 in downstream regions. Five alleles and seven genotypes were inferred based on the polymorphisms that were found. Null alleles that were observed include CYP2C19*3 (6.5%), *2 (5.7%) and *35 (2.4%) whereas allele with increased function *17 was detected at a frequency of 4.8%. The normal metabolizer genotype was the most predominant (66.1%), followed by intermediate metabolizer (19.4%), rapid metabolizer (9.7%) and poor metabolizer (4.8%) genotypes. Findings from this study provide further insights into the CYP2C19 genetic profile of the Orang Asli as previously unreported variant alleles were detected through the use of massively parallel sequencing technology platform. The systematic and comprehensive analysis of CYP2C19 will allow uncharacterized variants that are present in the Orang Asli to be included in the genotyping panel in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geik Yong Ang
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Choo Yee Yu
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vinothini Subramaniam
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ikhmal Hanif Abdul Khalid
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tuan Azlin Tuan Abdu Aziz
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Richard Johari James
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thuhairah Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah Mohd Nor
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adzrool Idzwan Ismail
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Kamarudzaman Md. Isa
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Communication and Media, University Selangor, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hood Salleh
- Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (MZS); (LKT)
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (MZS); (LKT)
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9
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Farah Naquiah MZ, James RJ, Suratman S, Lee LS, Mohd Hafidz MI, Salleh MZ, Teh LK. Transgenerational effects of paternal heroin addiction on anxiety and aggression behavior in male offspring. Behav Brain Funct 2016; 12:23. [PMID: 27582026 PMCID: PMC5006377 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-016-0107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heroin addiction is a growing concern, affecting the socioeconomic development of many countries. Little is known about transgenerational effects on phenotype changes due to heroin addiction. This study aims to investigate changes in level of anxiety and aggression up to four different generations of adult male rats due to paternal exposure to heroin. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed with heroin intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice-daily for 14 days with increasing dosage regimen (F0-heroin). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6-weeks-old) were divided into: (1) heroin exposed group (F0-heroin) and (2) control group treated with saline solution (F0-control). The dosage regime started with the lowest dose of 3 mg/kg per day of heroin followed by 1.5 mg/kg increments per day to a final dose of 13.5 mg/kg per day. Offspring were weaned on postnatal day 21. The adult male offspring from each generation were then mated with female-naïve rats after 2 weeks of heroin absence. Open field test and elevated plus maze test were used to study the anxiety level, whereas resident intruder test was used to evaluate aggression level in the addicted male rats and their offspring. RESULTS Heroin exposure in male rats had resulted in smaller sizes of the litters compared to the control. We observed a higher anxiety level in the F1 and F2 progenies sired by the heroin exposed rats (F0) as compared to the control rats. Paternal heroin exposure also caused significantly more aggressive offspring in F1 compared to the control. The same pattern was also observed in the F2. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the progenies of F1 and F2 sustained higher levels of anxiety and aggression which are due to paternal heroin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zaki Farah Naquiah
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Richard Johari James
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suraya Suratman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lian Shien Lee
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izhar Mohd Hafidz
- Comparative Medicine and Technology Unit, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Reinbothe S, Pollmann S, Springer A, James RJ, Tichtinsky G, Reinbothe C. A role of Toc33 in the protochlorophyllide-dependent plastid import pathway of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) A. Plant J 2005; 42:1-12. [PMID: 15773849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) A is a key enzyme of chlorophyll biosynthesis in angiosperms. It is nucleus-encoded, synthesized as a larger precursor in the cytosol and imported into the plastids in a substrate-dependent manner. Plastid envelope membrane proteins, called protochlorophyllide-dependent translocon proteins, Ptcs, have been identified that interact with pPORA during import. Among them are a 16-kDa ortholog of the previously characterized outer envelope protein Oep16 (named Ptc16) and a 33-kDa protein (Ptc33) related to the GTP-binding proteins Toc33 and Toc34 of Arabidopsis. In the present work, we studied the interactions and roles of Ptc16 and Ptc33 during pPORA import. Radiolabeled Ptc16/Oep16 was synthesized from a corresponding cDNA and imported into isolated Arabidopsis plastids. Crosslinking experiments revealed that import of 35S-Oep16/Ptc16 is stimulated by GTP. 35S-Oep16/Ptc16 forms larger complexes with Toc33 but not Toc34. Plastids of the ppi1 mutant of Arabidopsis lacking Toc33, were unable to import pPORA in darkness but imported the small subunit precursor of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (pSSU), precursor ferredoxin (pFd) as well as pPORB which is a close relative of pPORA. In white light, partial suppressions of pSSU, pFd and pPORB import were observed. Our results unveil a hitherto unrecognized role of Toc33 in pPORA import and suggest photooxidative membrane damage, induced by excess Pchlide accumulating in ppi1 chloroplasts because of the lack of pPORA import, to be the cause of the general drop of protein import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Reinbothe
- Université Joseph Fourier et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR5575, CERMO, BP53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Haboubi
- Department of Histopathology, Withington Hospital, Manchester, UK Department of Surgery, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK Department of Radiotherapy, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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James RJ. Homeodomain proteins and cell phenotype. Gastroenterology 1997; 113:680-2. [PMID: 9247492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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James RJ, Irons DW, Holmes C, Charlton AL, Drewett RF, Baylis PH. Thirst induced by a suckling episode during breast feeding and relation with plasma vasopressin, oxytocin and osmoregulation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995; 43:277-82. [PMID: 7586595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There have been anecdotal reports of increased maternal thirst during breast feeding, but the physiological mechanisms remain obscure. We have assessed and quantified the stimulation of maternal thirst during breast feeding (suckling), and correlated the changes with plasma oxytocin and vasopressin levels. DESIGN A within subject design was used with each subject acting as her own control. Each subject participated in a suckling period and a control non-suckling period the order of which was counterbalanced. SUBJECTS Ten healthy breastfeeding women ranging from 28 to 52 days post partum. MEASUREMENTS Thirst (assessed by a visual analogue scale), plasma vasopressin, plasma oxytocin (pOT), plasma osmolality and haematocrit, blood pressure, volume of milk transferred to baby, volume of water drunk immediately following each experimental period. RESULTS Thirst increased significantly more over a suckling period than over a comparable control period (P = 0.013). The peak level of thirst correlated with the volume of water consumed to satiety following the suckling period (r = 0.7, P = 0.024). As expected, pOT levels rose significantly in response to suckling (P < 0.001). Six women demonstrated a close relation between thirst and oxytocin response during the suckling period. Despite significant changes in thirst during suckling there was no increase in plasma vasopressin or in osmoregulatory parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that suckling is a potent stimulus to thirst in the mother, and is not associated with vasopressin release or dependent on any measurable alterations in osmoregulation. What actually stimulates thirst during breast feeding remains unknown, but there are two potential explanations for these observations: (1) suckling sends nerve impulses to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus which may have afferents within the central nervous system which stimulates a thirst response simultaneous with oxytocin release; (ii) a learned anticipation of thirst may be occurring in a situation associated with expectant fluid loss to preserve homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J James
- Department of Psychology, University of Durham, UK
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Ee HC, Erler T, Bhathal PS, Young GP, James RJ. Cdx-2 homeodomain protein expression in human and rat colorectal adenoma and carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1995; 147:586-92. [PMID: 7677172 PMCID: PMC1870974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancers share many similarities in growth patterns, cellular morphology, and oncofetal antigen expression with embryonic tissue. To better understand the mechanisms underlying malignant transformation and its relationship to developmental processes, we studied the expression of Cdx-2, an intestinal epithelium-specific homeodomain protein, in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma. By immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal Cdx-2 antibody we have shown that Cdx-2 expression is markedly reduced in the later stages of human colorectal carcinogenesis, namely, high grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. The same findings occur in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colorectal tumors, confirming the parallels between the rat model and the human disease. As homeodomain proteins play major roles in directing the regionalization of body parts and in organogenesis and cellular phenotypic specification, a reduction of Cdx-2 expression in the late stages of colorectal carcinogenesis may reflect a concomitant deviation of the neoplastic tissue from the normal intestinal epithelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ee
- University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Victoria, Australia
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Miles MP, Li Y, Rinard JP, Clarkson PM, James RJ, Williamson JW. PRESSOR RESPONSE AND EMG AFTER HIGH-FORCE ECCENTRIC EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199505001-00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
This study investigated the effects of placebo, 1 mg, 3 mg, 10 mg and 30 mg ritanserin and 10 mg diazepam on human sleep. Twelve normal volunteers participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over sleep study. A clear dose-response relationship was found for ritanserin with higher doses evoking increased duration of slow wave sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Idzikowski
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Janssen Research Foundation, Wantage, Oxon
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Robson KJ, Beattie W, James RJ, Cotton RC, Morgan FJ, Woo SL. Sequence comparison of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase and its cDNA clones. Biochemistry 1984; 23:5671-5. [PMID: 6098294 DOI: 10.1021/bi00319a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Classical phenylketonuria, an inborn error in metabolism, is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. The identification of putative cDNA clones coding for rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase by hybrid-selected translation has previously been reported [Robson, K. J., Chandra, T., MacGillivray, R. T. A., & Woo, S. L. C. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 4701-4705]. The authenticity of the clones, however, could not be definitively ascertained at the time because of a lack of amino acid sequence data of the enzyme in the literature. Purified rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase was subjected to cyanogen bromide treatment, and the resulting fragments were used for N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The partial amino acid sequence was then compared to that deduced from an open reading frame in the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clones. A perfect match of 17 amino acid residues was found between the two sequences following a unique methionine codon present in the nucleotide sequence, thereby providing unambiguous evidence for the identity of the rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase cDNA clones.
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James RJ, Whiteford HA. Mental health legislation. Med J Aust 1984; 140:799. [PMID: 6727758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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James RJ. Psychiatric aspects of mastectomy [proceedings]. Aust N Z J Surg 1979; 49:519-20. [PMID: 292392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1979.tb05860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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