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Scholz SS, Barth E, Clément G, Marmagne A, Ludwig-Müller J, Sakakibara H, Kiba T, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Pollmann S, Krapp A, Oelmüller R. The Root-Colonizing Endophyte Piriformospora indica Supports Nitrogen-Starved Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings with Nitrogen Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15372. [PMID: 37895051 PMCID: PMC10607921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The root-colonizing endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica promotes the root and shoot growth of its host plants. We show that the growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves is abolished when the seedlings are grown on media with nitrogen (N) limitation. The fungus neither stimulated the total N content nor did it promote 15NO3- uptake from agar plates to the leaves of the host under N-sufficient or N-limiting conditions. However, when the roots were co-cultivated with 15N-labelled P. indica, more labels were detected in the leaves of N-starved host plants but not in plants supplied with sufficient N. Amino acid and primary metabolite profiles, as well as the expression analyses of N metabolite transporter genes suggest that the fungus alleviates the adaptation of its host from the N limitation condition. P. indica alters the expression of transporter genes, which participate in the relocation of NO3-, NH4+ and N metabolites from the roots to the leaves under N limitation. We propose that P. indica participates in the plant's metabolomic adaptation against N limitation by delivering reduced N metabolites to the host, thus alleviating metabolic N starvation responses and reprogramming the expression of N metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S. Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Emanuel Barth
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Gilles Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotechnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (S.P.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotechnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (S.P.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Krapp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Ramos P, Gundel PE, Pollmann S. Editorial: Molecular and biochemical effects exerted by the interaction of symbiotic microorganisms with plants to improve their response to environmental stresses. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1183310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Pérez-Llorca M, Pollmann S, Müller M. Ethylene and Jasmonates Signaling Network Mediating Secondary Metabolites under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065990. [PMID: 36983071 PMCID: PMC10051637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that face environmental threats throughout their life cycle, but increasing global warming poses an even more existential threat. Despite these unfavorable circumstances, plants try to adapt by developing a variety of strategies coordinated by plant hormones, resulting in a stress-specific phenotype. In this context, ethylene and jasmonates (JAs) present a fascinating case of synergism and antagonism. Here, Ethylene Insensitive 3/Ethylene Insensitive-Like Protein1 (EIN3/EIL1) and Jasmonate-Zim Domain (JAZs)-MYC2 of the ethylene and JAs signaling pathways, respectively, appear to act as nodes connecting multiple networks to regulate stress responses, including secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are multifunctional organic compounds that play crucial roles in stress acclimation of plants. Plants that exhibit high plasticity in their secondary metabolism, which allows them to generate near-infinite chemical diversity through structural and chemical modifications, are likely to have a selective and adaptive advantage, especially in the face of climate change challenges. In contrast, domestication of crop plants has resulted in change or even loss in diversity of phytochemicals, making them significantly more vulnerable to environmental stresses over time. For this reason, there is a need to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which plant hormones and secondary metabolites respond to abiotic stress. This knowledge may help to improve the adaptability and resilience of plants to changing climatic conditions without compromising yield and productivity. Our aim in this review was to provide a detailed overview of abiotic stress responses mediated by ethylene and JAs and their impact on secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Llorca
- Department of Biology, Health and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Ali-Mentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ortiz-García P, González Ortega-Villaizán A, Onejeme FC, Müller M, Pollmann S. Do Opposites Attract? Auxin-Abscisic Acid Crosstalk: New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043090. [PMID: 36834499 PMCID: PMC9960826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of different environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, and elevated temperatures. These stress cues are assumed to intensify in the future driven by the global climate change scenario which we are currently experiencing. These stressors have largely detrimental effects on plant growth and development and, therefore, put global food security in jeopardy. For this reason, it is necessary to expand our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which plants respond to abiotic stresses. Especially boosting our insight into the ways by which plants balance their growth and their defense programs appear to be of paramount importance, as this may lead to novel perspectives that can pave the way to increase agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner. In this review, our aim was to present a detailed overview of different facets of the crosstalk between the antagonistic plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin, two phytohormones that are the main drivers of plant stress responses, on the one hand, and plant growth, on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Ortiz-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián González Ortega-Villaizán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francis Chukwuma Onejeme
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.P.); Tel.: +34-934033718 (M.M.); +34-910679183 (S.P.)
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.P.); Tel.: +34-934033718 (M.M.); +34-910679183 (S.P.)
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Bastías DA, Balestrini R, Pollmann S, Gundel PE. Environmental interference of plant-microbe interactions. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:3387-3398. [PMID: 36180415 PMCID: PMC9828629 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses can compromise the interactions of plants with beneficial microbes. In the present review, experimental results showing that stresses negatively affect the abundance and/or functionality of plant beneficial microbes are summarized. It is proposed that the environmental interference of these plant-microbe interactions is explained by the stress-mediated induction of plant signalling pathways associated with defence hormones and reactive oxygen species. These plant responses are recognized to regulate beneficial microbes within plants. The direct negative effect of stresses on microbes may also contribute to the environmental regulation of these plant mutualisms. It is also posited that, in stress situations, beneficial microbes harbour mechanisms that contribute to maintain the mutualistic associations. Beneficial microbes produce effector proteins and increase the antioxidant levels in plants that counteract the detrimental effects of plant stress responses on them. In addition, they deliver specific stress-protective mechanisms that assist to their plant hosts to mitigate the negative effects of stresses. Our study contributes to understanding how environmental stresses affect plant-microbe interactions and highlights why beneficial microbes can still deliver benefits to plants in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Bastías
- AgResearch LimitedGrasslands Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Pedro E. Gundel
- IFEVA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de AgronomíaBuenos AiresArgentina
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
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Pérez‐Alonso M, Guerrero‐Galán C, González Ortega‐Villaizán A, Ortiz‐García P, Scholz SS, Ramos P, Sakakibara H, Kiba T, Ludwig‐Müller J, Krapp A, Oelmüller R, Vicente‐Carbajosa J, Pollmann S. The calcium sensor CBL7 is required for Serendipita indica-induced growth stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana, controlling defense against the endophyte and K + homoeostasis in the symbiosis. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:3367-3382. [PMID: 35984078 PMCID: PMC9804297 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger in plants. The activation of Ca2+ signalling cascades is critical in the activation of adaptive processes in response to environmental stimuli. Root colonization by the growth promoting endophyte Serendipita indica involves the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we investigated transcriptional changes in Arabidopsis roots during symbiosis with S. indica. RNA-seq profiling disclosed the induction of Calcineurin B-like 7 (CBL7) during early and later phases of the interaction. Consistently, reverse genetic evidence highlighted the functional relevance of CBL7 and tested the involvement of a CBL7-CBL-interacting protein kinase 13 signalling pathway. The loss-of-function of CBL7 abolished the growth promoting effect and affected root colonization. The transcriptomics analysis of cbl7 revealed the involvement of this Ca2+ sensor in activating plant defense responses. Furthermore, we report on the contribution of CBL7 to potassium transport in Arabidopsis. We analysed K+ contents in wild-type and cbl7 plants and observed a significant increase of K+ in roots of cbl7 plants, while shoot tissues demonstrated K+ depletion. Taken together, our work associates CBL7 with an important role in the mutual interaction between Arabidopsis and S. indica and links CBL7 to K+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta‐Marina Pérez‐Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
- Umeå Plant Science CenterUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Carmen Guerrero‐Galán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
| | - Adrián González Ortega‐Villaizán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
| | - Paloma Ortiz‐García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
| | - Sandra S. Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular BotanyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del MauleUniversidad Católica del MauleTalcaChile
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumiYokohamaJapan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumiYokohamaJapan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Anne Krapp
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTechInstitut Jean‐Pierre BourginVersaillesFrance
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular BotanyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Jesús Vicente‐Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
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Morales-Quintana L, Moya M, Santelices-Moya R, Cabrera-Ariza A, Rabert C, Pollmann S, Ramos P. Improvement in the physiological and biochemical performance of strawberries under drought stress through symbiosis with Antarctic fungal endophytes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:939955. [PMID: 36090118 PMCID: PMC9453553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry is one of the most widely consumed fruit, but this crop is highly susceptible to drought, a condition strongly associated with climate change, causing economic losses due to the lower product quality. In this context, plant root-associated fungi emerge as a new and novel strategy to improve crop performance under water-deficiency stress. This study aimed to investigate the supplementation of two Antarctic vascular plant-associated fungal endophytes, Penicillium brevicompactum and Penicillium chrysogenum, in strawberry plants to develop an efficient, effective, and ecologically sustainable approach for the improvement of plant performance under drought stress. The symbiotic association of fungal endophytes with strawberry roots resulted in a greater shoot and root biomass production, higher fruit number, and an enhanced plant survival rate under water-limiting conditions. Inoculation with fungal endophytes provokes higher photosynthetic efficiency, lower lipid peroxidation, a modulation in antioxidant enzymatic activity, and increased proline content in strawberry plants under drought stress. In conclusion, promoting beneficial symbiosis between plants and endophytes can be an eco-friendly strategy to cope with drought and help to mitigate the impact of diverse negative effects of climate change on crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Mario Moya
- Plant Microorganism Interaction Laboratory, Centro del Secano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Rómulo Santelices-Moya
- Centro del Secano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Antonio Cabrera-Ariza
- Centro del Secano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudia Rabert
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Plant Microorganism Interaction Laboratory, Centro del Secano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Pollmann S, Toussaint A, Flentje M, Wegener S, Lewitzki V. Dosimetric Evaluation of Commercially Available Flat vs. Self-Produced 3D-Conformal Silicone Boluses for the Head and Neck Region. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881439. [PMID: 36033533 PMCID: PMC9399510 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Boluses are routinely used in radiotherapy to modify surface doses. Nevertheless, considerable dose discrepancies may occur in some cases due to fit inaccuracy of commercially available standard flat boluses. Moreover, due to the simple geometric design of conventional boluses, also surrounding healthy skin areas may be unintentionally covered, resulting in the unwanted dose buildup. With the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, there is a simple and possibly cost-effective way to solve these problems in routine clinical practice. This paper presents a procedure of self-manufacturing bespoke patient-specific silicone boluses and the evaluation of buildup and fit accuracy in comparison to standard rectangular commercially available silicone boluses. Methods 3D-conformal silicone boluses were custom-built to cover the surgical scar region of 25 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy of head and neck cancer at the University Hospital Würzburg. During a standard CT-based planning procedure, a 5-mm-thick 3D bolus contour was generated to cover the radiopaque marked surgical scar with an additional safety margin. From these digital contours, molds were 3D printed and poured with silicone. Dose measurements for both types of boluses were performed with radiochromic films (EBT3) at three points per patient—at least one aimed to be in the high-dose area (scar) and one in the lower-dose area (spared healthy skin). Surface–bolus distance, which ideally should not be present, was determined from cone-beam CT performed for positioning control. The dosimetric influence of surface–bolus distance was also determined on slab phantom for different field sizes. The trial was performed with hardware that may be routinely available in every radiotherapy department, with the exception of the 3D printer. The required number of patients was determined based on the results of preparatory measurements with the help of the statistical consultancy of the University of Würzburg. The number of measuring points represents the total number of patients. Results In the high-dose area of the scar, there was a significantly better intended dose buildup of 2.45% (95%CI 0.0014–0.0477, p = 0.038, N = 30) in favor of a 3D-conformal bolus. Median distances between the body surface and bolus differed significantly between 3D-conformal and commercially available boluses (3.5 vs. 7.9 mm, p = 0.001). The surface dose at the slab phantom did not differ between commercially available and 3D-conformal boluses. Increasing the surface–bolus distance from 5 to 10 mm decreased the surface dose by approximately 2% and 11% in the 6 × 6- and 3 × 3-cm2 fields, respectively. In comparison to the commercially available bolus, an unintended dose buildup in the healthy skin areas was reduced by 25.9% (95%CI 19.5–32.3, p < 0.01, N = 37) using the 3D-conformal bolus limited to the region surrounding the surgical scar. Conclusions Using 3D-conformal boluses allows a comparison to the commercially available boluses’ dose buildup in the covered areas. Smaller field size is prone to a larger surface–bolus distance effect. Higher conformity of 3D-conformal boluses reduces this effect. This may be especially relevant for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques with a huge number of smaller fields. High conformity of 3D-conformal boluses reduces an unintended dose buildup in healthy skin. The limiting factor in the conformity of 3D-conformal boluses in our setting was the immobilization mask, which was produced primarily for the 3D boluses. The mask itself limited tight contact of subsequently produced 3D-conformal boluses to the mask-covered body areas. In this respect, bolus adjustment before mask fabrication will be done in the future setting.
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Ortiz-García P, Pérez-Alonso MM, González Ortega-Villaizán A, Sánchez-Parra B, Ludwig-Müller J, Wilkinson MD, Pollmann S. The Indole-3-Acetamide-Induced Arabidopsis Transcription Factor MYB74 Decreases Plant Growth and Contributes to the Control of Osmotic Stress Responses. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:928386. [PMID: 35812959 PMCID: PMC9257185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of the auxin precursor indole-3-acetamide (IAM) in the ami1 mutant has recently been reported to reduce plant growth and to trigger abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. The observed response includes the induction of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis through the promotion of NCED3 expression. The mechanism by which plant growth is limited, however, remained largely unclear. Here, we investigated the transcriptional responses evoked by the exogenous application of IAM using comprehensive RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse genetics approaches. The RNA-seq results highlighted the induction of a small number of genes, including the R2R3 MYB transcription factor genes MYB74 and MYB102. The two MYB factors are known to respond to various stress cues and to ABA. Consistent with a role as negative plant growth regulator, conditional MYB74 overexpressor lines showed a considerable growth reduction. RNA-seq analysis of MYB74 mutants indicated an association of MYB74 with responses to osmotic stress, water deprivation, and seed development, which further linked MYB74 with the observed ami1 osmotic stress and seed phenotype. Collectively, our findings point toward a role for MYB74 in plant growth control and in responses to abiotic stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Ortiz-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA /CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez-Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA /CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Adrián González Ortega-Villaizán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA /CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA /CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Mark D. Wilkinson
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA /CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA /CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Morales-Quintana L, Barrera A, Hereme R, Jara K, Rivera-Mora C, Valenzuela-Riffo F, Gundel PE, Pollmann S, Ramos P. Molecular and structural characterization of expansins modulated by fungal endophytes in the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. Exposed to drought stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 168:465-476. [PMID: 34717178 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Expansins are proteins involved in cell wall metabolism that play an important role in plant growth, development, fruit ripening and abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we analyzed putative expansins that respond to drought stress. Five expansin genes were identified in cDNA libraries isolated from Colobanthus quitensis gown either with or without endophytic fungi under hydric stress. A differential transcript abundance was observed by qPCR analysis upon drought stress. To compare these expansin genes, and to suggest a possible mechanism of action at the molecular level, the structural model of the deduced proteins was obtained by comparative modeling methodology. The structures showed two domains and an open groove on the surface of the proteins was observed in the five structural models. The proteins were evaluated in terms of their protein-ligand interactions using four different ligands. The results suggested differences in their mode of protein-ligand interaction, in particular concerning the residues involved in the protein-ligand interaction. The presented evidence supports the participation of some members of the expansin multiprotein family in the response to drought stress in C. quitensis and suggest that the response is modulated by endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédica, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, 3467987, Chile
| | - Andrea Barrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Rasme Hereme
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Karla Jara
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | - Pedro E Gundel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; IFEVA (Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Argentina
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CenBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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11
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Schwarz A, Pollmann S, Bonaterra G, Kinscherf R. PACAP antagonizes oxldl-induced lipid-/triglyceride accumulation and VPAC1-expression in human M2-MΦ. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Lewitzki V, Wegener S, Toussaint A, Flentje M, Pollmann S. PO-1635 Dosimetric characterization of patient-specific three-dimensional tissue-equivalent bolus. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Pérez-Alonso MM, Ortiz-García P, Moya-Cuevas J, Lehmann T, Sánchez-Parra B, Björk RG, Karim S, Amirjani MR, Aronsson H, Wilkinson MD, Pollmann S. Endogenous indole-3-acetamide levels contribute to the crosstalk between auxin and abscisic acid, and trigger plant stress responses in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:459-475. [PMID: 33068437 PMCID: PMC7853601 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary success of plants relies to a large extent on their extraordinary ability to adapt to changes in their environment. These adaptations require that plants balance their growth with their stress responses. Plant hormones are crucial mediators orchestrating the underlying adaptive processes. However, whether and how the growth-related hormone auxin and the stress-related hormones jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid (ABA) are coordinated remains largely elusive. Here, we analyse the physiological role of AMIDASE 1 (AMI1) in Arabidopsis plant growth and its possible connection to plant adaptations to abiotic stresses. AMI1 contributes to cellular auxin homeostasis by catalysing the conversion of indole-acetamide into the major plant auxin indole-3-acetic acid. Functional impairment of AMI1 increases the plant's stress status rendering mutant plants more susceptible to abiotic stresses. Transcriptomic analysis of ami1 mutants disclosed the reprogramming of a considerable number of stress-related genes, including jasmonic acid and ABA biosynthesis genes. The ami1 mutants exhibit only moderately repressed growth but an enhanced ABA accumulation, which suggests a role for AMI1 in the crosstalk between auxin and ABA. Altogether, our results suggest that AMI1 is involved in coordinating the trade-off between plant growth and stress responses, balancing auxin and ABA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta-Marina Pérez-Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Paloma Ortiz-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - José Moya-Cuevas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Current address: Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sazzad Karim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammad R Amirjani
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Current address: Department of Biology, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Henrik Aronsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark D Wilkinson
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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14
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Lukan T, Pompe‐Novak M, Baebler Š, Tušek‐Žnidarič M, Kladnik A, Križnik M, Blejec A, Zagorščak M, Stare K, Dušak B, Coll A, Pollmann S, Morgiewicz K, Hennig J, Gruden K. Precision transcriptomics of viral foci reveals the spatial regulation of immune-signaling genes and identifies RBOHD as an important player in the incompatible interaction between potato virus Y and potato. Plant J 2020; 104:645-661. [PMID: 32772469 PMCID: PMC7692943 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the activation of resistance (R) proteins has been intensively studied, the downstream signaling mechanisms leading to the restriction of the pathogen remain mostly unknown. We studied the immunity network response conditioned by the potato Ny-1 gene against potato virus Y. We analyzed the processes in the cell death zone and surrounding tissue on the biochemical and gene expression levels in order to reveal the spatiotemporal regulation of the immune response. We show that the transcriptional response in the cell death zone and surrounding tissue is dependent on salicylic acid (SA). For some genes the spatiotemporal regulation is completely lost in the SA-deficient line, whereas other genes show a different response, indicating multiple connections between hormonal signaling modules. The induction of NADPH oxidase RBOHD expression occurs specifically on the lesion border during the resistance response. In plants with silenced RBOHD, the functionality of the resistance response is perturbed and the spread of the virus is not arrested at the site of infection. RBOHD is required for the spatial accumulation of SA, and conversely RBOHD is under the transcriptional regulation of SA. Using spatially resolved RNA-seq, we also identified spatial regulation of an UDP-glucosyltransferase, another component in feedback activation of SA biosynthesis, thus deciphering a novel aspect of resistance signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Lukan
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | | | - Špela Baebler
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | | | - Aleš Kladnik
- Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaJamnikarjeva 101Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Maja Križnik
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Andrej Blejec
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Maja Zagorščak
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Katja Stare
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Barbara Dušak
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Anna Coll
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and GenomicsCampus de Montegancedo Crta M‐40, Km 38Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid28223UPM–INIA Spain
| | - Karolina Morgiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesPawińskiego 5aWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Jacek Hennig
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesPawińskiego 5aWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Kristina Gruden
- National Institute of BiologyVečna pot 111Ljubljana1000Slovenia
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15
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Pérez-Alonso MM, Guerrero-Galán C, Scholz SS, Kiba T, Sakakibara H, Ludwig-Müller J, Krapp A, Oelmüller R, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Pollmann S. Harnessing symbiotic plant-fungus interactions to unleash hidden forces from extreme plant ecosystems. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:3865-3877. [PMID: 31976537 PMCID: PMC7316966 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is arguably one of the biggest threats of modern times and has already led to a wide range of impacts on the environment, economy, and society. Owing to past emissions and climate system inertia, global climate change is predicted to continue for decades even if anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions were to stop immediately. In many regions, such as central Europe and the Mediterranean region, the temperature is likely to rise by 2-5 °C and annual precipitation is predicted to decrease. Expected heat and drought periods followed by floods, and unpredictable growing seasons, are predicted to have detrimental effects on agricultural production systems, causing immense economic losses and food supply problems. To mitigate the risks of climate change, agricultural innovations counteracting these effects need to be embraced and accelerated. To achieve maximum improvement, the required agricultural innovations should not focus only on crops but rather pursue a holistic approach including the entire ecosystem. Over millions of years, plants have evolved in close association with other organisms, particularly soil microbes that have shaped their evolution and contemporary ecology. Many studies have already highlighted beneficial interactions among plants and the communities of microorganisms with which they coexist. Questions arising from these discoveries are whether it will be possible to decipher a common molecular pattern and the underlying biochemical framework of interspecies communication, and whether such knowledge can be used to improve agricultural performance under environmental stress conditions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of plant interactions with fungal endosymbionts found in extreme ecosystems. Special attention will be paid to the interaction of plants with the symbiotic root-colonizing endophytic fungus Serendipita indica, which has been developed as a model system for beneficial plant-fungus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta-Marina Pérez-Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Carmen Guerrero-Galán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Barrera A, Hereme R, Ruiz-Lara S, Larrondo LF, Gundel PE, Pollmann S, Molina-Montenegro MA, Ramos P. Fungal Endophytes Enhance the Photoprotective Mechanisms and Photochemical Efficiency in the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. Exposed to UV-B Radiation. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Rustgi S, Springer A, Kang C, von Wettstein D, Reinbothe C, Reinbothe S, Pollmann S. ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE and HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE, Two Non-Canonical Cytochrome P450s in Arabidopsis thaliana and Their Different Roles in Plant Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123064. [PMID: 31234561 PMCID: PMC6627107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The channeling of metabolites is an essential step of metabolic regulation in all living organisms. Multifunctional enzymes with defined domains for metabolite compartmentalization are rare, but in many cases, larger assemblies forming multimeric protein complexes operate in defined metabolic shunts. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a multimeric complex was discovered that contains a 13-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase (AOS) as well as allene oxide cyclase. All three plant enzymes are localized in chloroplasts, contributing to the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). JA and its derivatives act as ubiquitous plant defense regulators in responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. AOS belongs to the superfamily of cytochrome P450 enzymes and is named CYP74A. Another CYP450 in chloroplasts, hydroperoxide lyase (HPL, CYP74B), competes with AOS for the common substrate. The products of the HPL reaction are green leaf volatiles that are involved in the deterrence of insect pests. Both enzymes represent non-canonical CYP450 family members, as they do not depend on O2 and NADPH-dependent CYP450 reductase activities. AOS and HPL activities are crucial for plants to respond to different biotic foes. In this mini-review, we aim to summarize how plants make use of the LOX2–AOS–AOC2 complex in chloroplasts to boost JA biosynthesis over volatile production and how this situation may change in plant communities during mass ingestion by insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506, USA.
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Armin Springer
- Medizinische Biologie und Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum (EMZ), Universitätsmedizin Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular Crystallography Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, CEDEX, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, CEDEX, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Pollmann S, Springer A, Rustgi S, von Wettstein D, Kang C, Reinbothe C, Reinbothe S. Substrate channeling in oxylipin biosynthesis through a protein complex in the plastid envelope of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1483-1495. [PMID: 30690555 PMCID: PMC6411374 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated membrane fatty acid derivatives termed oxylipins play important roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic cues. Plants challenged by insect pests, for example, synthesize a blend of different defense compounds that include volatile aldehydes and jasmonic acid (JA), among others. Because all oxylipins are derived from the same pathway, we investigated how their synthesis might be regulated, focusing on two closely related atypical cytochrome P450 enzymes designated CYP74A and CYP74B, respectively, allene oxide synthase (AOS) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL). These enzymes compete for the same substrate but give rise to different products: the final product of the AOS branch of the oxylipin pathway is JA, while those of the HPL branch comprise volatile aldehydes and alcohols. AOS and HPL are plastid envelope enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana but accumulate at different locations. Biochemical experiments identified AOS as a constituent of complexes also containing lipoxygenase 2 (LOX2) and allene oxide cyclase (AOC), which catalyze consecutive steps in JA precursor biosynthesis, while excluding the concurrent HPL reaction. Based on published X-ray data, the structure of this complex was modelled and amino acids involved in catalysis and subunit interactions predicted. Genetic studies identified the microRNA 319-regulated clade of TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) transcription factor genes and CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) as controlling JA production through the LOX2-AOS-AOC2 complex. Together, our results define a molecular branch point in oxylipin biosynthesis that allows fine-tuning of the plant's defense machinery in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Correspondence: or
| | - Armin Springer
- Medizinische Biologie und Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum (EMZ), Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Biomolecular Crystallography Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEDEX, France
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEDEX, France
- Correspondence: or
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19
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Salazar R, Pollmann S, Morales-Quintana L, Herrera R, Caparrós-Ruiz D, Ramos P. In seedlings of Pinus radiata, jasmonic acid and auxin are differentially distributed on opposite sides of tilted stems affecting lignin monomer biosynthesis and composition. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:215-223. [PMID: 30576980 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to the loss of vertical growth re-orientating their affected organs. In trees, this phenomenon has received the scientific attention due to its importance for the forestry industry. Nowadays it is accepted that auxin distribution is involved in the modulation of the tilting response, but how this distribution is controlled is not fully clear. Auxin transporters that determine the spatio-temporal auxin distribution in radiate pine seedlings exposed to 45° of tilting were identified. Additionally, based on indications for an intimate plant hormone crosstalk in this process, IAA and JA contents were evaluated. The experiments revealed that expression of the auxin transporters was down-regulated in the upper half of the tilted stem, while being induced in the lower half. Moreover, transporter-coding genes were first induced at the apical zone of the stem. IAA was consistently redistributed toward the lower half, which is in accordance with the expression profile of the auxin transporters. In contrast, JA was mainly accumulated in the upper half of tilted stems. Finally, lignin content and monomeric composition were analyzed in both sides of stem and along the time course of tilting. As expected, lignin accumulation was higher at the lower half of stem at longer times of tilting. However, the most marked difference was the accumulation of the H-lignin monomer in the lower half, while the G-lignin unit was more dominant in the upper half. Here, we provide detailed insight in the distribution of IAA and JA, affecting the lignin composition during the tilting response in Pinus radiata seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Salazar
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Avda. Lircay s/, Talca, Chile
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Raul Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Avda. Lircay s/, Talca, Chile
| | - David Caparrós-Ruiz
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Edifici CRAG Campus de Bellaterra de la UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Avda. Lircay s/, Talca, Chile.
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Boex-Fontvieille E, Rustgi S, von Wettstein D, Pollmann S, Reinbothe S, Reinbothe C. Corrigendum: An Ethylene-Protected Achilles' Heel of Etiolated Seedlings for Arthropod Deterrence. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1741. [PMID: 30559752 PMCID: PMC6294111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01246.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Grenoble-Alpes – Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Grenoble, France
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences – Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences – Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Univerdidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Grenoble-Alpes – Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Grenoble, France
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Grenoble-Alpes – Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Grenoble, France
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Salinas-Grenet H, Herrera-Vásquez A, Parra S, Cortez A, Gutiérrez L, Pollmann S, León G, Blanco-Herrera F. Modulation of Auxin Levels in Pollen Grains Affects Stamen Development and Anther Dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092480. [PMID: 30131475 PMCID: PMC6164920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin regulates diverse aspects of flower development in plants, such as differentiation of the apical meristem, elongation of the stamen, and maturation of anthers and pollen. It is known that auxin accumulates in pollen, but little information regarding the biological relevance of auxin in this tissue at different times of development is available. In this work, we manipulated the amount of free auxin specifically in developing pollen, using transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express the bacterial indole-3-acetic acid-lysine synthetase (iaaL) gene driven by a collection of pollen-specific promoters. The iaaL gene codes for an indole-3-acetic acid-lysine synthetase that catalyzes the conversion of free auxin into inactive indole-3-acetyl-l-lysine. The transgenic lines showed several abnormalities, including the absence of short stamina, a diminished seed set, aberrant pollen tubes, and perturbations in the synchronization of anther dehiscence and stamina development. This article describes the importance of auxin accumulation in pollen and its role in stamina and anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Salinas-Grenet
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Ariel Herrera-Vásquez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Systems and Synthetic Biology (MIISSB), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Samuel Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Allan Cortez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Lilian Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)⁻Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Gabriel León
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
| | - Francisca Blanco-Herrera
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 837-0186, Chile.
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Systems and Synthetic Biology (MIISSB), Santiago, Chile.
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Ramos P, Rivas N, Pollmann S, Casati P, Molina-Montenegro MA. Hormonal and physiological changes driven by fungal endophytes increase Antarctic plant performance under UV-B radiation. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Tenorio-Berrío R, Pérez-Alonso MM, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Martín-Torres L, Dreyer I, Pollmann S. Identification of Two Auxin-Regulated Potassium Transporters Involved in Seed Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2132. [PMID: 30037141 PMCID: PMC6073294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed is the most important plant reproductive unit responsible for the evolutionary success of flowering plants. Aside from its essential function in the sexual reproduction of plants, the seed also represents the most economically important agricultural product worldwide, providing energy, nutrients, and raw materials for human nutrition, livestock feed, and countless manufactured goods. Hence, improvements in seed quality or size are highly valuable, due to their economic potential in agriculture. Recently, the importance of indolic compounds in regulating these traits has been reported for Arabidopsis thaliana. The transcriptional and physiological mechanisms involved, however, remain largely undisclosed. Potassium transporters have been suggested as possible mediators of embryo cell size, controlling turgor pressure during seed maturation. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the expression of K⁺ transporters is effectively regulated by auxin. Here, we provide evidence for the identification of two Arabidopsis K⁺ transporters, HAK/KT12 (At1g60160) and KUP4 (At4g23640), that are likely to be implicated in determining seed size during seed maturation and, at the same time, show a differential regulation by indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tenorio-Berrío
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez-Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Leticia Martín-Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
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24
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Križnik M, Petek M, Dobnik D, Ramšak Ž, Baebler Š, Pollmann S, Kreuze JF, Žel J, Gruden K. Salicylic Acid Perturbs sRNA-Gibberellin Regulatory Network in Immune Response of Potato to Potato virus Y Infection. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2192. [PMID: 29312421 PMCID: PMC5744193 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Potato virus Y is the most economically important potato viral pathogen. We aimed at unraveling the roles of small RNAs (sRNAs) in the complex immune signaling network controlling the establishment of tolerant response of potato cv. Désirée to the virus. We constructed a sRNA regulatory network connecting sRNAs and their targets to link sRNA level responses to physiological processes. We discovered an interesting novel sRNAs-gibberellin regulatory circuit being activated as early as 3 days post inoculation (dpi) before viral multiplication can be detected. Two endogenous sRNAs, miR167 and phasiRNA931 were predicted to regulate gibberellin biosynthesis genes GA20-oxidase and GA3-oxidase. The increased expression of phasiRNA931 was also reflected in decreased levels of GA3-oxidase transcripts. Moreover, decreased concentration of gibberellin confirmed this regulation. The functional relation between lower activity of gibberellin signaling and reduced disease severity was previously confirmed in Arabidopsis-virus interaction using knockout mutants. We further showed that this regulation is salicylic acid-dependent as the response of sRNA network was attenuated in salicylic acid-depleted transgenic counterpart NahG-Désirée expressing severe disease symptoms. Besides downregulation of gibberellin signaling, regulation of immune receptor transcripts by miR6022 as well as upregulation of miR164, miR167, miR169, miR171, miR319, miR390, and miR393 in tolerant Désirée, revealed striking similarities to responses observed in mutualistic symbiotic interactions. The intertwining of different regulatory networks revealed, shows how developmental signaling, disease symptom development, and stress signaling can be balanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Križnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- JoŽef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Petek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Dobnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Ramšak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Baebler
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid UPM - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan F. Kreuze
- Global Program of Integrated Crop and Systems Research, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
| | - Jana Žel
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Corrales AR, Carrillo L, Lasierra P, Nebauer SG, Dominguez-Figueroa J, Renau-Morata B, Pollmann S, Granell A, Molina RV, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Medina J. Multifaceted role of cycling DOF factor 3 (CDF3) in the regulation of flowering time and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:748-764. [PMID: 28044345 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA-binding with one finger (DOF)-type transcription factors are involved in many fundamental processes in higher plants, from responses to light and phytohormones to flowering time and seed maturation, but their relation with abiotic stress tolerance is largely unknown. Here, we identify the roles of CDF3, an Arabidopsis DOF gene in abiotic stress responses and developmental processes like flowering time. CDF3 is highly induced by drought, extreme temperatures and abscisic acid treatment. The CDF3 T-DNA insertion mutant cdf3-1 is much more sensitive to drought and low temperature stress, whereas CDF3 overexpression enhances the tolerance of transgenic plants to drought, cold and osmotic stress and promotes late flowering. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CDF3 regulates a set of genes involved in cellular osmoprotection and oxidative stress, including the stress tolerance transcription factors CBFs, DREB2A and ZAT12, which involve both gigantea-dependent and independent pathways. Consistently, metabolite profiling disclosed that the total amount of some protective metabolites including γ-aminobutyric acid, proline, glutamine and sucrose were higher in CDF3-overexpressing plants. Taken together, these results indicate that CDF3 plays a multifaceted role acting on both flowering time and abiotic stress tolerance, in part by controlling the CBF/DREB2A-CRT/DRE and ZAT10/12 modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba-Rocio Corrales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Lasierra
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Dominguez-Figueroa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Renau-Morata
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa-Victoria Molina
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223, Madrid, Spain
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Renau-Morata B, Molina RV, Carrillo L, Cebolla-Cornejo J, Sánchez-Perales M, Pollmann S, Domínguez-Figueroa J, Corrales AR, Flexas J, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Medina J, Nebauer SG. Ectopic Expression of CDF3 Genes in Tomato Enhances Biomass Production and Yield under Salinity Stress Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:660. [PMID: 28515731 PMCID: PMC5414387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cycling Dof Factor (CDF) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in multiple processes related to plant growth and development. A member of this family, CDF3, has recently been linked in Arabidopsis to the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but its role in crop production under stress is still unknown. In this study, we characterized tomato plants overexpressing the CDF3 genes from Arabidopsis and tomato and analyzed their effects on growth and yield under salinity, additionally gaining deeper insights into the molecular function of these TFs. Our results provide evidence for higher biomass production and yield in the 35S::AtCDF3 and 35S::SlCDF3 plants, likely due to a higher photosynthetic capacity resulting in increased sucrose availability. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CDF3 genes regulate a set of genes involved in redox homeostasis, photosynthesis performance and primary metabolism that lead to enhanced biomass production. Consistently, metabolomic profiling revealed that CDF3 evokes changes in the primary metabolism triggering enhanced nitrogen assimilation, and disclosed that the amount of some protective metabolites including sucrose, GABA and asparagine were higher in vegetative tissues of CDF3 overexpressing plants. Altogether these changes improved performance of 35S::AtCDF3 and 35S::SlCDF3 plants under salinity conditions. Moreover, the overexpression of CDF3 genes modified organic acid and sugar content in fruits, improving variables related to flavor perception and fruit quality. Overall, our results associate the CDF3 TF with a role in the control of growth and C/N metabolism, and highlight that overexpression of CDF3 genes can substantially improve plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Renau-Morata
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - Rosa V. Molina
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValència, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosa V. Molina
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de PlantasMadrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaume Flexas
- Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de PlantasMadrid, Spain
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValència, Spain
- Sergio G. Nebauer
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Lehmann T, Janowitz T, Sánchez-Parra B, Alonso MMP, Trompetter I, Piotrowski M, Pollmann S. Arabidopsis NITRILASE 1 Contributes to the Regulation of Root Growth and Development through Modulation of Auxin Biosynthesis in Seedlings. Front Plant Sci 2017. [PMID: 28174581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00036.ecollection] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilases consist of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of organic cyanides. They are found ubiquitously distributed in the plant kingdom. Plant nitrilases are mainly involved in the detoxification of ß-cyanoalanine, a side-product of ethylene biosynthesis. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana a second group of Brassicaceae-specific nitrilases (NIT1-3) has been found. This so-called NIT1-subfamily has been associated with the conversion of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) into the major plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, apart of reported functions in defense responses to pathogens and in responses to sulfur depletion, conclusive insight into the general physiological function of the NIT-subfamily nitrilases remains elusive. In this report, we test both the contribution of the indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) pathway to general auxin biosynthesis and the influence of altered nitrilase expression on plant development. Apart of a comprehensive transcriptomics approach to explore the role of the IAOx route in auxin formation, we took a genetic approach to disclose the function of NITRILASE 1 (NIT1) of A. thaliana. We show that NIT1 over-expression (NIT1ox) results in seedlings with shorter primary roots, and an increased number of lateral roots. In addition, NIT1ox plants exhibit drastic changes of both free IAA and IAN levels, which are suggested to be the reason for the observed phenotype. On the other hand, NIT2RNAi knockdown lines, capable of suppressing the expression of all members of the NIT1-subfamily, were generated and characterized to substantiate the above-mentioned findings. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Arabidopsis NIT1 has profound effects on root morphogenesis in early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehmann
- Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Janowitz
- Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Inga Trompetter
- Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Piotrowski
- Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Lehrstuhl für PflanzenphysiologieRuhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de PlantasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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Lehmann T, Janowitz T, Sánchez-Parra B, Alonso MMP, Trompetter I, Piotrowski M, Pollmann S. Arabidopsis NITRILASE 1 Contributes to the Regulation of Root Growth and Development through Modulation of Auxin Biosynthesis in Seedlings. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:36. [PMID: 28174581 PMCID: PMC5258727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilases consist of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of organic cyanides. They are found ubiquitously distributed in the plant kingdom. Plant nitrilases are mainly involved in the detoxification of ß-cyanoalanine, a side-product of ethylene biosynthesis. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana a second group of Brassicaceae-specific nitrilases (NIT1-3) has been found. This so-called NIT1-subfamily has been associated with the conversion of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) into the major plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, apart of reported functions in defense responses to pathogens and in responses to sulfur depletion, conclusive insight into the general physiological function of the NIT-subfamily nitrilases remains elusive. In this report, we test both the contribution of the indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) pathway to general auxin biosynthesis and the influence of altered nitrilase expression on plant development. Apart of a comprehensive transcriptomics approach to explore the role of the IAOx route in auxin formation, we took a genetic approach to disclose the function of NITRILASE 1 (NIT1) of A. thaliana. We show that NIT1 over-expression (NIT1ox) results in seedlings with shorter primary roots, and an increased number of lateral roots. In addition, NIT1ox plants exhibit drastic changes of both free IAA and IAN levels, which are suggested to be the reason for the observed phenotype. On the other hand, NIT2RNAi knockdown lines, capable of suppressing the expression of all members of the NIT1-subfamily, were generated and characterized to substantiate the above-mentioned findings. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Arabidopsis NIT1 has profound effects on root morphogenesis in early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehmann
- Lehrstuhl für PflanzenphysiologieRuhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Janowitz
- Lehrstuhl für PflanzenphysiologieRuhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de PlantasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de PlantasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Inga Trompetter
- Lehrstuhl für PflanzenphysiologieRuhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Piotrowski
- Lehrstuhl für PflanzenphysiologieRuhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Lehrstuhl für PflanzenphysiologieRuhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de PlantasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- *Correspondence: Stephan Pollmann
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Abstract
Over the last few years, it became more and more evident that plant hormone action is to great parts determined through their sophisticated crosstalk, rather than by their isolated activities. Thus, the parallel analysis of interconnected phytohormones in only very small amounts of tissue developed to an important issue in the field of plant sciences. In the following, a highly sensitive and accurate method is described for the quantitative analysis of the plant hormones jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The described methodology is, however, not limited to the analysis of Arabidopsis samples but can also be applied to other plant species. The presented method is optimized for the working up of as little as 20-50 mg of plant tissue. Thus, it is well suited for the analysis of plant hormone contents in plant tissue of only little biomass, such as roots. The presented protocol facilitates the implementation of the method into other laboratories that have access to appropriate laboratory equipment and comparable state-of-the-art gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Carrasco Loba
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M-40, km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M-40, km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M-40, km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Boex-Fontvieille E, Rustgi S, Von Wettstein D, Pollmann S, Reinbothe S, Reinbothe C. Jasmonic acid protects etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana against herbivorous arthropods. Plant Signal Behav 2016; 11:e1214349. [PMID: 27485473 PMCID: PMC5022418 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1214349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed predators can cause mass ingestion of larger seed populations. As well, herbivorous arthropods attempt to attack etiolated seedlings and chose the apical hook for ingestion, aimed at dropping the cotyledons for later consumption. Etiolated seedlings, as we show here, have established an efficient mechanism of protecting their Achilles' heel against these predators, however. Evidence is provided for a role of jasmonic acid (JA) in this largely uncharacterized plant-herbivore interaction during skotomorphogenesis and that this comprises the temporally and spatially tightly controlled synthesis of a cysteine protease inhibitors of the Kunitz family. Interestingly, the same Kunitz protease inhibitor was found to be expressed in flowers of Arabidopsis where endogenous JA levels are high for fertility. Because both the apical hook and inflorescences were preferred isopod targets in JA-deficient plants that could be rescued by exogenously administered JA, our data identify a JA-dependent mechanism of plant arthropod deterrence that is recalled in different organs and at quite different times of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Diter Von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEeSy), Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble cedex, France
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Wilcoxen J, Arragain S, Scandurra AA, Jimenez-Vicente E, Echavarri-Erasun C, Pollmann S, Britt RD, Rubio LM. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Characterization of Three Iron-Sulfur Clusters Present in the Nitrogenase Cofactor Maturase NifB from Methanocaldococcus infernus. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7468-71. [PMID: 27268267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NifB utilizes two equivalents of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to insert a carbide atom and fuse two substrate [Fe-S] clusters forming the NifB cofactor (NifB-co), which is then passed to NifEN for further modification to form the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of nitrogenase. Here, we demonstrate that NifB from the methanogen Methanocaldococcus infernus is a radical SAM enzyme able to reductively cleave SAM to 5'-deoxyadenosine radical and is competent in FeMo-co maturation. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy we have characterized three [4Fe-4S] clusters, one SAM binding cluster, and two auxiliary clusters probably acting as substrates for NifB-co formation. Nitrogen coordination to one or more of the auxiliary clusters in NifB was observed, and its mechanistic implications for NifB-co dissociation from the maturase are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarett Wilcoxen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Simon Arragain
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Alessandro A Scandurra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Emilio Jimenez-Vicente
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Carlos Echavarri-Erasun
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis M Rubio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
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Silva-Navas J, Moreno-Risueno MA, Manzano C, Téllez-Robledo B, Navarro-Neila S, Carrasco V, Pollmann S, Gallego FJ, Del Pozo JC. Flavonols Mediate Root Phototropism and Growth through Regulation of Proliferation-to-Differentiation Transition. Plant Cell 2016; 28:1372-87. [PMID: 26628743 PMCID: PMC4944400 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Roots normally grow in darkness, but they may be exposed to light. After perceiving light, roots bend to escape from light (root light avoidance) and reduce their growth. How root light avoidance responses are regulated is not well understood. Here, we show that illumination induces the accumulation of flavonols in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. During root illumination, flavonols rapidly accumulate at the side closer to light in the transition zone. This accumulation promotes asymmetrical cell elongation and causes differential growth between the two sides, leading to root bending. Furthermore, roots illuminated for a long period of time accumulate high levels of flavonols. This high flavonol content decreases both auxin signaling and PLETHORA gradient as well as superoxide radical content, resulting in reduction of cell proliferation. In addition, cytokinin and hydrogen peroxide, which promote root differentiation, induce flavonol accumulation in the root transition zone. As an outcome of prolonged light exposure and flavonol accumulation, root growth is reduced and a different root developmental zonation is established. Finally, we observed that these differentiation-related pathways are required for root light avoidance. We propose that flavonols function as positional signals, integrating hormonal and reactive oxygen species pathways to regulate root growth direction and rate in response to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Silva-Navas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moreno-Risueno
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Manzano
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Téllez-Robledo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Navarro-Neila
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Carrasco
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Gallego
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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de Marchi R, Sorel M, Mooney B, Fudal I, Goslin K, Kwaśniewska K, Ryan PT, Pfalz M, Kroymann J, Pollmann S, Feechan A, Wellmer F, Rivas S, Graciet E. The N-end rule pathway regulates pathogen responses in plants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26020. [PMID: 27173012 PMCID: PMC4865862 DOI: 10.1038/srep26020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To efficiently counteract pathogens, plants rely on a complex set of immune responses that are tightly regulated to allow the timely activation, appropriate duration and adequate amplitude of defense programs. The coordination of the plant immune response is known to require the activity of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, which controls the stability of proteins in eukaryotes. Here, we demonstrate that the N-end rule pathway, a subset of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, regulates the defense against a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that this pathway positively regulates the biosynthesis of plant-defense metabolites such as glucosinolates, as well as the biosynthesis and response to the phytohormone jasmonic acid, which plays a key role in plant immunity. Our results also suggest that the arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway regulates the timing and amplitude of the defense program against the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae AvrRpm1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi de Marchi
- Maynooth University, Department of Biology, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Maud Sorel
- Maynooth University, Department of Biology, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Brian Mooney
- Maynooth University, Department of Biology, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Isabelle Fudal
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Kevin Goslin
- Maynooth University, Department of Biology, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kamila Kwaśniewska
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Ryan
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marina Pfalz
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Juergen Kroymann
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, U.P.M. - I.N.I.A., Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la U.P.M., Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Feechan
- School of Agriculture &Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Frank Wellmer
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susana Rivas
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Emmanuelle Graciet
- Maynooth University, Department of Biology, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Zhu J, Bailly A, Zwiewka M, Sovero V, Di Donato M, Ge P, Oehri J, Aryal B, Hao P, Linnert M, Burgardt NI, Lücke C, Weiwad M, Michel M, Weiergräber OH, Pollmann S, Azzarello E, Mancuso S, Ferro N, Fukao Y, Hoffmann C, Wedlich-Söldner R, Friml J, Thomas C, Geisler M. TWISTED DWARF1 Mediates the Action of Auxin Transport Inhibitors on Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics. Plant Cell 2016; 28:930-48. [PMID: 27053424 PMCID: PMC4863381 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and architecture is regulated by the polar distribution of the hormone auxin. Polarity and flexibility of this process is provided by constant cycling of auxin transporter vesicles along actin filaments, coordinated by a positive auxin-actin feedback loop. Both polar auxin transport and vesicle cycling are inhibited by synthetic auxin transport inhibitors, such as 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), counteracting the effect of auxin; however, underlying targets and mechanisms are unclear. Using NMR, we map the NPA binding surface on the Arabidopsis thaliana ABCB chaperone TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1). We identify ACTIN7 as a relevant, although likely indirect, TWD1 interactor, and show TWD1-dependent regulation of actin filament organization and dynamics and that TWD1 is required for NPA-mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The TWD1-ACTIN7 axis controls plasma membrane presence of efflux transporters, and as a consequence act7 and twd1 share developmental and physiological phenotypes indicative of defects in auxin transport. These can be phenocopied by NPA treatment or by chemical actin (de)stabilization. We provide evidence that TWD1 determines downstream locations of auxin efflux transporters by adjusting actin filament debundling and dynamizing processes and mediating NPA action on the latter. This function appears to be evolutionary conserved since TWD1 expression in budding yeast alters actin polarization and cell polarity and provides NPA sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Bailly
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Zwiewka
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valpuri Sovero
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pei Ge
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Oehri
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bibek Aryal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pengchao Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Linnert
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Noelia Inés Burgardt
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Lücke
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Weiwad
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Max Michel
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Weiergräber
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Noel Ferro
- University of Bonn, Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Plant Global Educational Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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Boex-Fontvieille E, Rustgi S, von Wettstein D, Pollmann S, Reinbothe S, Reinbothe C. An Ethylene-Protected Achilles' Heel of Etiolated Seedlings for Arthropod Deterrence. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1246. [PMID: 27625656 PMCID: PMC5003848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A small family of Kunitz protease inhibitors exists in Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of which (encoded by At1g72290) accomplishes highly specific roles during plant development. Arabidopsis Kunitz-protease inhibitor 1 (Kunitz-PI;1), as we dubbed this protein here, is operative as cysteine PI. Activity measurements revealed that despite the presence of the conserved Kunitz-motif the bacterially expressed Kunitz-PI;1 was unable to inhibit serine proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, but very efficiently inhibited the cysteine protease RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 21. Western blotting and cytolocalization studies using mono-specific antibodies recalled Kunitz-PI;1 protein expression in flowers, young siliques and etiolated seedlings. In dark-grown seedlings, maximum Kunitz-PI;1 promoter activity was detected in the apical hook region and apical parts of the hypocotyls. Immunolocalization confirmed Kunitz-PI;1 expression in these organs and tissues. No transmitting tract (NTT) and HECATE 1 (HEC1), two transcription factors previously implicated in the formation of the female reproductive tract in flowers of Arabidopsis, were identified to regulate Kunitz-PI;1 expression in the dark and during greening, with NTT acting negatively and HEC1 acting positively. Laboratory feeding experiments with isopod crustaceans such as Porcellio scaber (woodlouse) and Armadillidium vulgare (pillbug) pinpointed the apical hook as ethylene-protected Achilles' heel of etiolated seedlings. Because exogenous application of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and mechanical stress (wounding) strongly up-regulated HEC1-dependent Kunitz-PI;1 gene expression, our results identify a new circuit controlling herbivore deterrence of etiolated plants in which Kunitz-PI;1 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Grenoble-Alpes – Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et AppliquéeGrenoble, France
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, FlorenceSC, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences – Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, PullmanWA, USA
- *Correspondence: Steffen Reinbothe Sachin Rustgi
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences – Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, PullmanWA, USA
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Univerdidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentaciónMadrid, Spain
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Grenoble-Alpes – Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et AppliquéeGrenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Steffen Reinbothe Sachin Rustgi
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes and Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Grenoble-Alpes – Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et AppliquéeGrenoble, France
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Król P, Igielski R, Pollmann S, Kępczyńska E. Priming of seeds with methyl jasmonate induced resistance to hemi-biotroph Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in tomato via 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, salicylic acid, and flavonol accumulation. J Plant Physiol 2015; 179:122-32. [PMID: 25867625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was tested by seed treatment for its ability to protect tomato seedlings against fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Isolated from Solanum lycopersicon L. seeds, cv. Beta fungus was identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici Race 3 fungus by using phytopathological and molecular methods. MeJA applied at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM reduced spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro. Soaking of tomato seeds in MeJA solution at 0.1 mM for 1 h significantly enhanced the resistance level against the tested fungus in tomato seedlings 4 weeks after inoculation. The extracts from leaves of 15-day-old seedlings obtained from previously MeJA soaked seeds had the ability to inhibit in vitro spore germination of tested fungus. In these seedlings a significant increase in the levels phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid (SA), kaempferol and quercetin was observed. Up-regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL5) and benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (BSMT) genes and down-regulation of the isochorysmate synthase (ICS) gene in response to exogenous MeJA application indicate that the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), not the isochorismate (IC) pathway, is the primary route for SA production in tomato. Moreover, the increased accumulation of the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol appears closely related to the increase of PAL5, chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonol synthase/flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like (FLS) genes. Elevated levels of salicylic acid in seedlings raised from MeJA-soaked seeds were simultaneously accompanied by a decrease of jasmonic acid, the precursor of MeJA, and an increase of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), the precursor of jasmonic acid. The present results indicate that the priming of tomato seeds with 0.1mM MeJA before sowing enables the seedlings grown from these seeds to reduce the attack of the soil-borne fungal pathogen F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, so it can be applied in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Król
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - R Igielski
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - S Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Kępczyńska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland.
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37
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Sanz L, Fernández-Marcos M, Modrego A, Lewis DR, Muday GK, Pollmann S, Dueñas M, Santos-Buelga C, Lorenzo O. Nitric oxide plays a role in stem cell niche homeostasis through its interaction with auxin. Plant Physiol 2014; 166:1972-84. [PMID: 25315603 PMCID: PMC4256006 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.247445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a unique reactive nitrogen molecule with an array of signaling functions that modulates plant developmental processes and stress responses. To explore the mechanisms by which NO modulates root development, we used a pharmacological approach and NO-deficient mutants to unravel the role of NO in establishing auxin distribution patterns necessary for stem cell niche homeostasis. Using the NO synthase inhibitor and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NO biosynthesis mutants (nitric oxide-associated1 [noa1], nitrate reductase1 [nia1] and nia2, and nia1 nia2 noa1), we show that depletion of NO in noa1 reduces primary root elongation and increases flavonol accumulation consistent with elevated reactive oxygen species levels. The elevated flavonols are required for the growth effect, because the transparent testa4 mutation reverses the noa1 mutant root elongation phenotype. In addition, noa1 and nia1 nia2 noa1 NO-deficient mutant roots display small root meristems with abnormal divisions. Concomitantly, auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling are perturbed. We further show that NO accumulates in cortex/endodermis stem cells and their precursor cells. In endodermal and cortical cells, the noa1 mutant acts synergistically to the effect of the wuschel-related homeobox5 mutation on the proximal meristem, suggesting that NO could play an important role in regulating stem cell decisions, which has been reported in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sanz
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
| | - María Fernández-Marcos
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
| | - Abelardo Modrego
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
| | - Daniel R Lewis
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
| | - Montserrat Dueñas
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37185 Salamanca, Spain (L.S., M.F.-M., A.M., O.L.);Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 (D.R.L., G.K.M.);Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (S.P.); andGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain (M.D., C.S.-B.)
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Pollmann S, Zinke W, Baumgartner F, Geringswald F, Hanke M. Right temporo-parietal junction involvement in visual feature binding. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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39
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Sánchez-Parra B, Frerigmann H, Alonso MMP, Loba VC, Jost R, Hentrich M, Pollmann S. Characterization of Four Bifunctional Plant IAM/PAM-Amidohydrolases Capable of Contributing to Auxin Biosynthesis. Plants (Basel) 2014; 3:324-47. [PMID: 27135507 PMCID: PMC4844348 DOI: 10.3390/plants3030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amidases [EC 3.5.1.4] capable of converting indole-3-acetamide (IAM) into the major plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are assumed to be involved in auxin de novo biosynthesis. With the emerging amount of genomics data, it was possible to identify over forty proteins with substantial homology to the already characterized amidases from Arabidopsis and tobacco. The observed high conservation of amidase-like proteins throughout the plant kingdom may suggest an important role of theses enzymes in plant development. Here, we report cloning and functional analysis of four, thus far, uncharacterized plant amidases from Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Medicago truncatula, and Populus trichocarpa. Intriguingly, we were able to demonstrate that the examined amidases are also capable of converting phenyl-2-acetamide (PAM) into phenyl-2-acetic acid (PAA), an auxin endogenous to several plant species including Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we compared the subcellular localization of the enzymes to that of Arabidopsis AMI1, providing further evidence for similar enzymatic functions. Our results point to the presence of a presumably conserved pathway of auxin biosynthesis via IAM, as amidases, both of monocot, and dicot origins, were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Parra
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.), Technical University Madrid, Montegancedo Campus, Crta. M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Henning Frerigmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez Alonso
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.), Technical University Madrid, Montegancedo Campus, Crta. M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Víctor Carrasco Loba
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.), Technical University Madrid, Montegancedo Campus, Crta. M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Ricarda Jost
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Mathias Hentrich
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (U.P.M.-I.N.I.A.), Technical University Madrid, Montegancedo Campus, Crta. M-40, km 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
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40
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Corrales AR, Nebauer SG, Carrillo L, Fernández-Nohales P, Marqués J, Renau-Morata B, Granell A, Pollmann S, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Molina RV, Medina J. Characterization of tomato Cycling Dof Factors reveals conserved and new functions in the control of flowering time and abiotic stress responses. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:995-1012. [PMID: 24399177 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA binding with One Finger (DOF) transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth and development but their precise roles in abiotic stress tolerance are largely unknown. Here we report a group of five tomato DOF genes, homologous to Arabidopsis Cycling DOF Factors (CDFs), that function as transcriptional regulators involved in responses to drought and salt stress and flowering-time control in a gene-specific manner. SlCDF1-5 are nuclear proteins that display specific binding with different affinities to canonical DNA target sequences and present diverse transcriptional activation capacities in vivo. SlCDF1-5 genes exhibited distinct diurnal expression patterns and were differentially induced in response to osmotic, salt, heat, and low-temperature stresses. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SlCDF1 or SlCDF3 showed increased drought and salt tolerance. In addition, the expression of various stress-responsive genes, such as COR15, RD29A, and RD10, were differentially activated in the overexpressing lines. Interestingly, overexpression in Arabidopsis of SlCDF3 but not SlCDF1 promotes late flowering through modulation of the expression of flowering control genes such as CO and FT. Overall, our data connect SlCDFs to undescribed functions related to abiotic stress tolerance and flowering time through the regulation of specific target genes and an increase in particular metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba-Rocío Corrales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), 28223 Madrid, Spain
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41
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Tian H, Wabnik K, Niu T, Li H, Yu Q, Pollmann S, Vanneste S, Govaerts W, Rolcík J, Geisler M, Friml J, Ding Z. WOX5-IAA17 feedback circuit-mediated cellular auxin response is crucial for the patterning of root stem cell niches in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant 2014; 7:277-89. [PMID: 23939433 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the patterning of stem cell-enriched meristems requires a graded auxin response maximum that emerges from the concerted action of polar auxin transport, auxin biosynthesis, auxin metabolism, and cellular auxin response machinery. However, mechanisms underlying this auxin response maximum-mediated root stem cell maintenance are not fully understood. Here, we present unexpected evidence that WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) transcription factor modulates expression of auxin biosynthetic genes in the quiescent center (QC) of the root and thus provides a robust mechanism for the maintenance of auxin response maximum in the root tip. This WOX5 action is balanced through the activity of indole-3-acetic acid 17 (IAA17) auxin response repressor. Our combined genetic, cell biology, and computational modeling studies revealed a previously uncharacterized feedback loop linking WOX5-mediated auxin production to IAA17-dependent repression of auxin responses. This WOX5-IAA17 feedback circuit further assures the maintenance of auxin response maximum in the root tip and thereby contributes to the maintenance of distal stem cell (DSC) populations. Our experimental studies and in silico computer simulations both demonstrate that the WOX5-IAA17 feedback circuit is essential for the maintenance of auxin gradient in the root tip and the auxin-mediated root DSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, Jinan 250100, China
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42
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Corrales A, Carrillo L, Nebauer S, Renau-Morata B, Sánchez-Perales M, Fernández-Nohales P, Marqués J, Granell A, Pollmann S, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Molina R, Medina J. Salinity Assay in Arabidopsis. Bio Protoc 2014. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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43
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Bailly A, Wang B, Zwiewka M, Pollmann S, Schenck D, Lüthen H, Schulz A, Friml J, Geisler M. Expression of TWISTED DWARF1 lacking its in-plane membrane anchor leads to increased cell elongation and hypermorphic growth. Plant J 2014; 77:108-118. [PMID: 24313847 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is achieved predominantly by cellular elongation, which is thought to be controlled on several levels by apoplastic auxin. Auxin export into the apoplast is achieved by plasma membrane efflux catalysts of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) and ATP-binding cassette protein subfamily B/phosphor-glycoprotein (ABCB/PGP) classes; the latter were shown to depend on interaction with the FKBP42, TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1). Here by using a transgenic approach in combination with phenotypical, biochemical and cell biological analyses we demonstrate the importance of a putative C-terminal in-plane membrane anchor of TWD1 in the regulation of ABCB-mediated auxin transport. In contrast with dwarfed twd1 loss-of-function alleles, TWD1 gain-of-function lines that lack a putative in-plane membrane anchor (HA-TWD1-Ct ) show hypermorphic plant architecture, characterized by enhanced stem length and leaf surface but reduced shoot branching. Greater hypocotyl length is the result of enhanced cell elongation that correlates with reduced polar auxin transport capacity for HA-TWD1-Ct . As a consequence, HA-TWD1-Ct displays higher hypocotyl auxin accumulation, which is shown to result in elevated auxin-induced cell elongation rates. Our data highlight the importance of C-terminal membrane anchoring for TWD1 action, which is required for specific regulation of ABCB-mediated auxin transport. These data support a model in which TWD1 controls lateral ABCB1-mediated export into the apoplast, which is required for auxin-mediated cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bailly
- Department of Biology - Plant Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Renau-Morata B, Sánchez-Perales M, Medina J, Molina R, Corrales R, Carrillo L, Fernández-Nohales P, Marqués J, Pollmann S, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Granell A, Nebauer S. Salinity Assay in Tomato. Bio Protoc 2014. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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45
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Hentrich M, Sánchez-Parra B, Pérez Alonso MM, Carrasco Loba V, Carrillo L, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Medina J, Pollmann S. YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 overexpression reveals a link between auxin signaling and lignification through the induction of ethylene biosynthesis. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8:e26363. [PMID: 24022251 PMCID: PMC4106514 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is associated with the regulation of virtually every aspect of plant growth and development. Many previous genetic and biochemical studies revealed that, among the proposed routes for the production of auxin, the so-called indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway is the main source for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in plants. The IPA pathway involves the action of 2 classes of enzymes, tryptophan-pyruvate aminotransferases (TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1(TAA1)/TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED (TAR)) and flavin monooxygenases (YUCCA). Both enzyme classes appear to be encoded by small gene families in Arabidopsis consisting of 5 and 11 members, respectively. We recently showed that it is possible to induce transcript accumulation of 2 YUCCA genes, YUC8 and YUC9, by methyl jasmonate treatment. Both gene products were demonstrated to contribute to auxin biosynthesis in planta. (1) Here we report that the overexpression of YUC8 as well as YUC9 led to strong lignification of plant aerial tissues. Furthermore, new evidence indicates that this abnormally strong secondary growth is linked to increased levels of ethylene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hentrich
- Department of Plant Physiology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Campus de Montegancedo; Pozuelo de Alarcón; Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Campus de Montegancedo; Pozuelo de Alarcón; Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Carrasco Loba
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Campus de Montegancedo; Pozuelo de Alarcón; Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Campus de Montegancedo; Pozuelo de Alarcón; Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Campus de Montegancedo; Pozuelo de Alarcón; Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Campus de Montegancedo; Pozuelo de Alarcón; Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Campus de Montegancedo; Pozuelo de Alarcón; Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence to: Stephan Pollmann,
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Geringswald F, Herbik A, Hoffmann MB, Pollmann S. Contextual cueing impairment in patients with age-related macular degeneration. J Vis 2013; 13:13.3.28. [DOI: 10.1167/13.3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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47
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Ahkami AH, Melzer M, Ghaffari MR, Pollmann S, Ghorbani Javid M, Shahinnia F, Hajirezaei MR, Druege U. Distribution of indole-3-acetic acid in Petunia hybrida shoot tip cuttings and relationship between auxin transport, carbohydrate metabolism and adventitious root formation. Planta 2013; 238:499-517. [PMID: 23765266 PMCID: PMC3751230 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To determine the contribution of polar auxin transport (PAT) to auxin accumulation and to adventitious root (AR) formation in the stem base of Petunia hybrida shoot tip cuttings, the level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was monitored in non-treated cuttings and cuttings treated with the auxin transport blocker naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and was complemented with precise anatomical studies. The temporal course of carbohydrates, amino acids and activities of controlling enzymes was also investigated. Analysis of initial spatial IAA distribution in the cuttings revealed that approximately 40 and 10 % of the total IAA pool was present in the leaves and the stem base as rooting zone, respectively. A negative correlation existed between leaf size and IAA concentration. After excision of cuttings, IAA showed an early increase in the stem base with two peaks at 2 and 24 h post excision and, thereafter, a decline to low levels. This was mirrored by the expression pattern of the auxin-responsive GH3 gene. NPA treatment completely suppressed the 24-h peak of IAA and severely inhibited root formation. It also reduced activities of cell wall and vacuolar invertases in the early phase of AR formation and inhibited the rise of activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase during later stages. We propose a model in which spontaneous AR formation in Petunia cuttings is dependent on PAT and on the resulting 24-h peak of IAA in the rooting zone, where it induces early cellular events and also stimulates sink establishment. Subsequent root development stimulates glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Ahkami
- Institute of Biological Chemistry (IBC), Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340 USA
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad R. Ghaffari
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la U.P.M, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas U.P.M.-I.N.I.A, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Majid Ghorbani Javid
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Abureihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Hartley Grove Urrbrae, Adelaide, 5064 Australia
| | - Mohammad R. Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Uwe Druege
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V. (IGZ), Kuehnhaeuser Str. 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
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Geringswald F, Herbik A, Hoffmann M, Pollmann S. Contextual cueing in patients with age-related macular degeneration. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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49
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Baumgartner F, Hanke M, Pollmann S. Distributed cortical representation of eye gaze directions during free viewing of a feature-length movie. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Ding Z, Wang B, Moreno I, Dupláková N, Simon S, Carraro N, Reemmer J, Pěnčík A, Chen X, Tejos R, Skůpa P, Pollmann S, Mravec J, Petrášek J, Zažímalová E, Honys D, Rolčík J, Murphy A, Orellana A, Geisler M, Friml J. Erratum: Corrigendum: ER-localized auxin transporter PIN8 regulates auxin homoeostasis and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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