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Brown N, Williamson R, Broom M, Kearns R. P.13 Following the data - what have we learned from obstetric cases of the delta variant in Glasgow? Int J Obstet Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brown N, Williamson R, Broom M, Kearns R. P.14 Vaccine uptake in the obstetric population - too little too late? Int J Obstet Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bolanle IO, Riches-Suman K, Loubani M, Williamson R, Palmer TM. Revascularisation of type 2 diabetics with coronary artery disease: Insights and therapeutic targeting of O-GlcNAcylation. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1349-1356. [PMID: 33812732 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using autologous saphenous vein continues to be a gold standard procedure to restore the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscles in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, CAD patients with T2DM are at higher risk of graft failure. While failure rates have been reduced through improvements in procedure-related factors, much less is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which T2DM initiates vein graft failure. This review gives novel insights into these cellular and molecular mechanisms and identifies potential therapeutic targets for development of new medicines to improve vein graft patency. DATA SYNTHESIS One important cellular process that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM is protein O-GlcNAcylation, a dynamic, reversible post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues on target proteins that is controlled by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Protein O-GlcNAcylation impacts a range of cellular processes, including trafficking, metabolism, inflammation and cytoskeletal organisation. Altered O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis have, therefore, been linked to a range of human pathologies with a metabolic component, including T2DM. CONCLUSION We propose that protein O-GlcNAcylation alters vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell function through modification of specific protein targets which contribute to the vascular re-modelling responsible for saphenous vein graft failure in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel O Bolanle
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Kirsten Riches-Suman
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Mahmoud Loubani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Ritchie Williamson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Timothy M Palmer
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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Bolanle IO, Riches-Suman K, Williamson R, Palmer TM. Emerging roles of protein O-GlcNAcylation in cardiovascular diseases: Insights and novel therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105467. [PMID: 33515704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. While the major focus of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions has been on targeting disease pathophysiology and limiting predisposing factors, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CVDs remains incomplete. One mechanism that has recently emerged is protein O-GlcNAcylation. This is a dynamic, site-specific reversible post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues on target proteins and is controlled by two enzymes: O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA). Protein O-GlcNAcylation alters the cellular functions of these target proteins which play vital roles in pathways that modulate vascular homeostasis and cardiac function. Through this review, we aim to give insights on the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in cardiovascular diseases and identify potential therapeutic targets in this pathway for development of more effective medicines to improve patient outcomes.
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Key Words
- (R)-N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-sulfonamido)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)acetamide [OSMI-1] (PubChem CID: 118634407)
- 2-(2-Amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one [PD98059] (PubChem CID: 4713)
- 5H-Pyrano[3,2-d]thiazole-6,7-diol, 2-(ethylamino)-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-(3aR,5R,6S,7R,7aR) [Thiamet-G] (PubChem CID: 1355663540)
- 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine [DON] (PubChem CID: 9087)
- Alloxan (PubChem CID: 5781)
- Azaserine (PubChem CID: 460129)
- BADGP, Benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranoside [BADGP] (PubChem CID: 561184)
- Cardiovascular disease
- Methoxybenzene-sulfonamide [KN-93] (PubChem CID: 5312122)
- N-[(5S,6R,7R,8R)-6,7-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-8-yl]-2-methylpropanamide [GlcNAcstatin] (PubChem CID: 122173013)
- O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosyliden)amino-N-phenylcarbamate [PUGNAc] (PubChem CID: 9576811)
- O-GlcNAc transferase
- O-GlcNAcase
- Protein O-GlcNAcylation
- Streptozotocin (PubCHem CID: 7067772)
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Olapeju Bolanle
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Kirsten Riches-Suman
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Ritchie Williamson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Timothy M Palmer
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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Muha V, Williamson R, Hills R, McNeilly AD, McWilliams TG, Alonso J, Schimpl M, Leney AC, Heck AJR, Sutherland C, Read KD, McCrimmon RJ, Brooks SP, van Aalten DMF. Loss of CRMP2 O-GlcNAcylation leads to reduced novel object recognition performance in mice. Open Biol 2019; 9:190192. [PMID: 31771416 PMCID: PMC6893399 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant post-translational modification in the nervous system, linked to both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanistic links between these phenotypes and site-specific O-GlcNAcylation remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that Ser517 O-GlcNAcylation of the microtubule-binding protein Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2 (CRMP2) increases with age. By generating and characterizing a Crmp2S517A knock-in mouse model, we demonstrate that loss of O-GlcNAcylation leads to a small decrease in body weight and mild memory impairment, suggesting that Ser517 O-GlcNAcylation has a small but detectable impact on mouse physiology and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villo Muha
- Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ritchie Williamson
- Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Rachel Hills
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Thomas G. McWilliams
- Stem Cells and Metabolism, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jana Alonso
- Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Aneika C. Leney
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | | | - Simon P. Brooks
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Omori Y, Baxter E, Chang C, Kirk D, Alarcon A, Bernstein G, Bleem L, Cawthon R, Choi A, Chown R, Crawford T, Davis C, De Vicente J, DeRose J, Dodelson S, Eifler T, Fosalba P, Friedrich O, Gatti M, Gaztanaga E, Giannantonio T, Gruen D, Hartley W, Holder G, Hoyle B, Huterer D, Jain B, Jarvis M, Krause E, MacCrann N, Miquel R, Prat J, Rau M, Reichardt C, Rozo E, Samuroff S, Sánchez C, Secco L, Sheldon E, Simard G, Troxel M, Vielzeuf P, Wechsler R, Zuntz J, Abbott T, Abdalla F, Allam S, Annis J, Avila S, Aylor K, Benson B, Bertin E, Bridle S, Brooks D, Burke D, Carlstrom J, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, Castander F, Chang C, Cho HM, Crites A, Crocce M, Cunha C, da Costa L, de Haan T, Desai S, Diehl H, Dietrich J, Dobbs M, Everett W, Fernandez E, Flaugher B, Frieman J, García-Bellido J, George E, Gruendl R, Gutierrez G, Halverson N, Harrington N, Hollowood D, Honscheid K, Holzapfel W, Hou Z, Hrubes J, James D, Jeltema T, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lima M, Lin H, Lee A, Leitch E, Luong-Van D, Maia M, Manzotti A, Marrone D, Marshall J, Martini P, McMahon J, Melchior P, Menanteau F, Meyer S, Mocanu L, Mohr J, Natoli T, Ogando R, Padin S, Plazas A, Pryke C, Romer A, Roodman A, Ruhl J, Rykoff E, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Schaffer K, Schindler R, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Shirokoff E, Smith M, Smith R, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Staniszewski Z, Stark A, Story K, Suchyta E, Swanson M, Tarle G, Thomas D, Vanderlinde K, Vieira J, Vikram V, Walker A, Weller J, Williamson R, Wu W, Zahn O. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cross-correlation between Dark Energy Survey Y1 galaxy weak lensing and South Pole Telescope
+Planck
CMB weak lensing. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.043517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cebral JR, Detmer F, Chung BJ, Choque-Velasquez J, Rezai B, Lehto H, Tulamo R, Hernesniemi J, Niemela M, Yu A, Williamson R, Aziz K, Shakur S, Amin-Hanjani S, Charbel F, Tobe Y, Robertson A, Frösen J. Local Hemodynamic Conditions Associated with Focal Changes in the Intracranial Aneurysm Wall. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:510-516. [PMID: 30733253 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aneurysm hemodynamics has been associated with wall histology and inflammation. We investigated associations between local hemodynamics and focal wall changes visible intraoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computational fluid dynamics models were constructed from 3D images of 65 aneurysms treated surgically. Aneurysm regions with different visual appearances were identified in intraoperative videos: 1) "atherosclerotic" (yellow), 2) "hyperplastic" (white), 3) "thin" (red), 4) rupture site, and 5) "normal" (similar to parent artery), They were marked on 3D reconstructions. Regional hemodynamics was characterized by the following: wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, relative residence time, wall shear stress gradient and divergence, gradient oscillatory number, and dynamic pressure; these were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Hyperplastic regions had lower average wall shear stress (P = .005) and pressure (P = .009) than normal regions. Flow conditions in atherosclerotic and hyperplastic regions were similar but had higher average relative residence time (P = .03) and oscillatory shear index (P = .04) than thin regions. Hyperplastic regions also had a higher average gradient oscillatory number (P = .002) than thin regions. Thin regions had lower average relative residence time (P < .001), oscillatory shear index (P = .006), and gradient oscillatory number (P < .001) than normal regions, and higher average wall shear stress (P = .006) and pressure (P = .009) than hyperplastic regions. Thin regions tended to be aligned with the flow stream, while atherosclerotic and hyperplastic regions tended to be aligned with recirculation zones. CONCLUSIONS Local hemodynamics is associated with visible focal wall changes. Slow swirling flow with low and oscillatory wall shear stress was associated with atherosclerotic and hyperplastic changes. High flow conditions prevalent in regions near the flow impingement site characterized by higher and less oscillatory wall shear stress were associated with local "thinning" of the wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Cebral
- From the Department of Bioengineering (J.R.C., F.D., B.J.C.), Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - F Detmer
- From the Department of Bioengineering (J.R.C., F.D., B.J.C.), Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - B J Chung
- From the Department of Bioengineering (J.R.C., F.D., B.J.C.), Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - J Choque-Velasquez
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B Rezai
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Lehto
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Tulamo
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Vascular Surgery (R.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Hernesniemi
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Niemela
- Neurosurgery Research Group (J.C.-V., B.R., H.L., R.T., J.H., M.N.), Biomedicum Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.Y., R.W., K.A.), Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - R Williamson
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.Y., R.W., K.A.), Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - K Aziz
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.Y., R.W., K.A.), Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - S Shakur
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.S., S.A.-H., F.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S Amin-Hanjani
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.S., S.A.-H., F.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - F Charbel
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.S., S.A.-H., F.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Y Tobe
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Bioengineering (Y.T., A.R.), Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A Robertson
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Bioengineering (Y.T., A.R.), Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - J Frösen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group (J.F.), Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Weightman Potter PG, Vlachaki Walker JM, Robb JL, Chilton JK, Williamson R, Randall AD, Ellacott KLJ, Beall C. Basal fatty acid oxidation increases after recurrent low glucose in human primary astrocytes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:187-198. [PMID: 30293112 PMCID: PMC6290858 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Hypoglycaemia is a major barrier to good glucose control in type 1 diabetes. Frequent hypoglycaemic episodes impair awareness of subsequent hypoglycaemic bouts. Neural changes underpinning awareness of hypoglycaemia are poorly defined and molecular mechanisms by which glial cells contribute to hypoglycaemia sensing and glucose counterregulation require further investigation. The aim of the current study was to examine whether, and by what mechanism, human primary astrocyte (HPA) function was altered by acute and recurrent low glucose (RLG). METHODS To test whether glia, specifically astrocytes, could detect changes in glucose, we utilised HPA and U373 astrocytoma cells and exposed them to RLG in vitro. This allowed measurement, with high specificity and sensitivity, of RLG-associated changes in cellular metabolism. We examined changes in protein phosphorylation/expression using western blotting. Metabolic function was assessed using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyser. Immunofluorescent imaging was used to examine cell morphology and enzymatic assays were used to measure lactate release, glycogen content, intracellular ATP and nucleotide ratios. RESULTS AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated over a pathophysiologically relevant glucose concentration range. RLG produced an increased dependency on fatty acid oxidation for basal mitochondrial metabolism and exhibited hallmarks of mitochondrial stress, including increased proton leak and reduced coupling efficiency. Relative to glucose availability, lactate release increased during low glucose but this was not modified by RLG. Basal glucose uptake was not modified by RLG and glycogen levels were similar in control and RLG-treated cells. Mitochondrial adaptations to RLG were partially recovered by maintaining euglycaemic levels of glucose following RLG exposure. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, these data indicate that HPA mitochondria are altered following RLG, with a metabolic switch towards increased fatty acid oxidation, suggesting glial adaptations to RLG involve altered mitochondrial metabolism that could contribute to defective glucose counterregulation to hypoglycaemia in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Weightman Potter
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Julia M Vlachaki Walker
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Josephine L Robb
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - John K Chilton
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Ritchie Williamson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Andrew D Randall
- Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kate L J Ellacott
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Craig Beall
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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Brooks PM, Vaux DL, Williamson R. Australia needs an Ombudsman or Office for Research Integrity. Intern Med J 2017; 46:1233-1235. [PMID: 27734623 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Brooks
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D L Vaux
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Williamson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Sousa AR, Marshall RP, Warnock LC, Bolton S, Hastie A, Symon F, Hargadon B, Marshall H, Richardson M, Brightling CE, Haldar P, Milone R, Chalk P, Williamson R, Panettieri R, Knowles R, Bleecker ER, Wardlaw AJ. Responsiveness to oral prednisolone in severe asthma is related to the degree of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:890-899. [PMID: 28493293 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe asthma appear relatively corticosteroid resistant. Corticosteroid responsiveness is closely related to the degree of eosinophilic airway inflammation. The extent to which eosinophilic airway inflammation in severe asthma responds to treatment with systemic corticosteroids is not clear. OBJECTIVE To relate the physiological and inflammatory response to systemic corticosteroids in asthma to disease severity and the baseline extent of eosinophilic inflammation. METHODS Patients with mild/moderate and severe asthma were investigated before and after 2 weeks of oral prednisolone (Clintrials.gov NCT00331058 and NCT00327197). We pooled the results from two studies with common protocols. The US study contained two independent centres and the UK one independent centre. The effect of oral corticosteroids on FEV1 , Pc20, airway inflammation and serum cytokines was investigated. Baseline measurements were compared with healthy subjects. RESULTS Thirty-two mild/moderate asthmatics, 50 severe asthmatics and 35 healthy subjects took part. At baseline, both groups of asthmatics had a lower FEV1 and Pc20 and increased eosinophilic inflammation compared to healthy subjects. The severe group had a lower FEV1 and more eosinophilic inflammation compared to mild/moderate asthmatics. Oral prednisolone caused a similar degree of suppression of eosinophilic inflammation in all compartments in both groups of asthmatics. There were small improvements in FEV1 and Pc20 for both mild/ moderate and severe asthmatics with a correlation between the baseline eosinophilic inflammation and the change in FEV1 . There was a ~50% reduction in the serum concentration of CXCL10 (IP-10), CCL22 (MDC), CCL17 (TARC), CCL-2 (MCP-1) and CCL-13 (MCP-4) in both asthma groups after oral corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Disease severity does not influence the response to systemic corticosteroids. The study does not therefore support the concept that severe asthma is associated with corticosteroid resistance. Only baseline eosinophilic inflammation was associated with the physiological response to corticosteroids, confirming the importance of measuring eosinophilic inflammation to guide corticosteroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sousa
- GlaxoSmithKline Stevenage, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - S Bolton
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - A Hastie
- Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine, Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - F Symon
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - B Hargadon
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - H Marshall
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - M Richardson
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - C E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - P Haldar
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - R Milone
- GlaxoSmithKline Stevenage, Stevenage, UK
| | - P Chalk
- Knowles Consulting, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - R Panettieri
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - E R Bleecker
- Center for Genomics & Personalized Medicine, Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - A J Wardlaw
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Selvan N, Williamson R, Mariappa D, Campbell DG, Gourlay R, Ferenbach AT, Aristotelous T, Hopkins-Navratilova I, Trost M, van Aalten DMF. A mutant O-GlcNAcase enriches Drosophila developmental regulators. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:882-887. [PMID: 28604694 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification of serines and threonines on nucleocytoplasmic proteins. It is cycled by the enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). Genetic approaches in model organisms have revealed that protein O-GlcNAcylation is essential for early embryogenesis. The Drosophila melanogaster gene supersex combs (sxc), which encodes OGT, is a polycomb gene, whose null mutants display homeotic transformations and die at the pharate adult stage. However, the identities of the O-GlcNAcylated proteins involved and the underlying mechanisms linking these phenotypes to embryonic development are poorly understood. Identification of O-GlcNAcylated proteins from biological samples is hampered by the low stoichiometry of this modification and by limited enrichment tools. Using a catalytically inactive bacterial O-GlcNAcase mutant as a substrate trap, we have enriched the O-GlcNAc proteome of the developing Drosophila embryo, identifying, among others, known regulators of Hox genes as candidate conveyors of OGT function during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Selvan
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ritchie Williamson
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Daniel Mariappa
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - David G Campbell
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tonia Aristotelous
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Iva Hopkins-Navratilova
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Luo Y, Liao Z, Jiang W, Gomez D, Williamson R, Court L, Yang J. TU-H-CAMPUS-JeP2-05: Can Automatic Delineation of Cardiac Substructures On Noncontrast CT Be Used for Cardiac Toxicity Analysis? Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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13
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Khurana S, Ravi A, Sutula J, Milone R, Williamson R, Plumb J, Vestbo J, Singh D. Clinical characteristics and airway inflammation profile of COPD persistent sputum producers. Respir Med 2015; 108:1761-70. [PMID: 25459449 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD patients with chronic bronchitis include a subgroup with persistent sputum production on most or every day. We hypothesized that COPD patients with persistent sputum production have a different profile of airway inflammation, and more severe clinical characteristics. OBJECTIVE To compare the airway inflammation profile and clinical characteristics of COPD persistent and non-persistent sputum producers. METHODS COPD persistent sputum producers (n = 26) and non-persistent sputum producers (n = 26) underwent sputum induction and pulmonary function tests. Exacerbation history was recorded; the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea scale and COPD Assessment Tool were completed. 33 COPD patients provided sputum for bacteriology. RESULTS Persistent sputum producers had lower post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted (p = 0.01), diffusion capacity (p = 0.04), 6 min walk test distance (p = 0.05), and higher closing volume (p = 0.01), BODE index (p = 0.01), rate of bacterial colonization (p = 0.004) and exacerbations (p = 0.03) compared to non-persistent sputum producers. The mean SGRQ and CAT scores were higher in persistent sputum producers (p = 0.01 and 0.03 respectively). Sputum neutrophil and eosinophil total cell counts were higher in persistent sputum producers (p = 0.02 and 0.05 respectively). Sputum levels of eotaxin (p = 0.02), MCP-1 (p = 0.02), TNF-α (p = 0.03) and IL-6 (p = 0.05) were higher in persistent sputum producers. CONCLUSION COPD persistent sputum producers have more severe clinical characteristics and increased concentrations of some inflammatory mediators in the airways.
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Baxter EJ, Keisler R, Dodelson S, Aird KA, Allen SW, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiu I, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Desai S, Dietrich JP, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, Hennig C, Hoekstra H, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hou Z, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Millea M, Mocanu LM, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Song J, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/2/247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Mehta P, Davy K, Williamson R, Rao R, Tak PP. THU0124 Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials of Biologics in DMARD-Naïve and DMARD-Inadequate Responder Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Efficacy and Safety. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Borley J, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Yazbek J, Williamson R, Bharwani N, Stewart V, Carson I, Hird E, McIndoe A, Farthing A, Blagden S, Ghaem-Maghami S. Radiological predictors of cytoreductive outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. BJOG 2015; 122:843-849. [PMID: 25132394 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess site of disease on preoperative computed tomography (CT) to predict surgical debulking in patients with ovarian cancer. DESIGN Two-phase retrospective cohort study. SETTING West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, UK. POPULATION Women with stage 3 or 4, ovarian, fallopian or primary peritoneal cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery. METHODS Preoperative CT images were reviewed by experienced radiologists to assess the presence or absence of disease at predetermined sites. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression models determined sites of disease which were significantly associated with surgical outcomes in the test (n = 111) and validation (n = 70) sets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity and specificity of CT in predicting surgical outcome. RESULTS Stepwise logistic regression identified that the presence of lung metastasis, pleural effusion, deposits on the large-bowel mesentery and small-bowel mesentery, and infrarenal para-aortic nodes were associated with debulking status. Logistic regression determined a surgical predictive score which was able to significantly predict suboptimal debulking (n = 94, P = 0.0001) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.749 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.652, 0.846) and a sensitivity of 69.2%, specificity of 71.4%, positive predictive value of 75.0% and negative predictive value of 65.2%. These results remained significant in a recent validation set. There was a significant difference in residual disease volume in the test and validation sets (P < 0.001) in keeping with improved optimal debulking rates. CONCLUSIONS The presence of disease at some sites on preoperative CT scan is significantly associated with suboptimal debulking and may be an indication for a change in surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Borley
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - J Yazbek
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R Williamson
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Bharwani
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - V Stewart
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - I Carson
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - E Hird
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A McIndoe
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Farthing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Blagden
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- West London Gynaecology Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
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Bocquet S, Saro A, Mohr JJ, Aird KA, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Bazin G, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiu I, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Desai S, de Haan T, Dietrich JP, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, Gangkofner D, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hennig C, Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruel J, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. MASS CALIBRATION AND COSMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPT-SZ GALAXY CLUSTER SAMPLE USING VELOCITY DISPERSION σvAND X-RAYYXMEASUREMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Bleem LE, Stalder B, de Haan T, Aird KA, Allen SW, Applegate DE, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiu I, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Desai S, Dietrich JP, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hennig C, Hoekstra H, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruel J, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Schrabback T, Shirokoff E, Song J, Spieler HG, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. GALAXY CLUSTERS DISCOVERED VIA THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT IN THE 2500-SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/216/2/27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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George EM, Reichardt CL, Aird KA, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Dudley J, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hou Z, Hrubes JD, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Millea M, Mocanu LM, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Ruhl JE, Schaffer KK, Shaw L, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Williamson R, Zahn O. A MEASUREMENT OF SECONDARY COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES FROM THE 2500 SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Saliwanchik BR, Montroy TE, Aird KA, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Nurgaliev D, Padin S, Patej A, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruel J, Ruhl JE, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. MEASUREMENT OF GALAXY CLUSTER INTEGRATED COMPTONIZATION AND MASS SCALING RELATIONS WITH THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McDonald M, Benson BA, Vikhlinin A, Aird KA, Allen SW, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Miller ED, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. THE REDSHIFT EVOLUTION OF THE MEAN TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND ENTROPY PROFILES IN 80 SPT-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/794/1/67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rockne R, Bacchus I, Bridge C, Brown P, Corwin D, Desai B, Hendrickson K, Kim M, Kokkinos E, Mehta M, Marymont M, Rockhill J, Rosenberg A, Trister A, Williams C, Williamson R, Young L, Swanson K. An Evaluation of Multi-Institutional Data-Transfer to Facilitate Personalized Computational Modeling. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ruel J, Bazin G, Bayliss M, Brodwin M, Foley RJ, Stalder B, Aird KA, Armstrong R, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chapman SC, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, High FW, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Joy M, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Murray SS, Natoli T, Nurgaliev D, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shaw L, Shirokoff E, Song J, Šuhada R, Spieler HG, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Starsk AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY AND VELOCITY DISPERSIONS OF GALAXY CLUSTERS FROM THE SPT-SZ SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sudderuddin S, Helbren E, Telesca M, Williamson R, Rockall A. MRI appearances of benign uterine disease. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:1095-104. [PMID: 25017452 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Benign uterine disease is a common entity affecting women of all ages. Ultrasound has historically been the predominant imaging method used in the evaluation of benign gynaecological disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being reserved for use in the staging of malignant uterine and cervical disease. MRI is now increasingly used in the diagnosis of benign uterine disease as well as a tool for problem-solving in cases of diagnostic dilemma. It allows detailed assessment of benign conditions, such as endometrial lesions, leiomyomas, and adenomyosis, and can be helpful in the stratification of patients to different treatment modalities, including surgical resection, uterine artery embolization, and medical therapies. In this article, we review the MRI findings in the common benign uterine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sudderuddin
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
| | - E Helbren
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - M Telesca
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - R Williamson
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - A Rockall
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
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Williamson R, Yang J, Timmerman R, Court L. SU-E-J-169: Process for QA of Normal Tissue Delineation and Reported Doses in Clinical Trials. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Dani S, Sudderuddin S, Ralleigh G, Zaman N, Gupta A, Barrett N, Cunningham D, Faissola B, Comitis S, Svensson W, Lim A, Williamson R, Stewart V. PB.26: Significance of flat epithelial atypia at image guided breast biopsy. Breast Cancer Res 2013. [PMCID: PMC3980534 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yang J, Xu T, Tucker S, Williamson R, Liao Z, Court L. SU-E-T-280: CT Texture Analysis of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Is Not Predictive of SNP Status. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Williamson R, Court L, Zhang L, Liao Z, Mohan R, Chen Y, Balter P. SU-E-J-197: Tracking Tumor Response Over Treatment Course in IMRT and Proton Patients. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Seaton T, Khan S, Stewart V, Ralliegh G, Zaman N, Barrett N, Comitis S, Gupta A, Svensson W, Lim A, Williamson R, Cunningham D. PB.32: Does vacuum-assisted biopsy decrease the B3 rate in stereotactic biopsy of breast lesions? Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15. [PMCID: PMC3980755 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Seaton
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - S Khan
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - V Stewart
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - G Ralliegh
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - N Zaman
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - N Barrett
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - S Comitis
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - A Gupta
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - W Svensson
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - A Lim
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - R Williamson
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
| | - D Cunningham
- Charing Cross Hospital, West London Breast Screening Service, London, UK
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McNeilly AD, Williamson R, Balfour DJK, Stewart CA, Sutherland C. A high-fat-diet-induced cognitive deficit in rats that is not prevented by improving insulin sensitivity with metformin. Diabetologia 2012; 55:3061-70. [PMID: 22898768 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We previously demonstrated that animals fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 10 weeks developed insulin resistance and behavioural inflexibility. We hypothesised that intervention with metformin would diminish the HF-feeding-evoked cognitive deficit by improving insulin sensitivity. METHODS Rats were trained in an operant-based matching and non-matching to position task (MTP/NMTP). Animals received an HF (45% of kJ as lard; n = 24), standard chow (SC; n = 16), HF + metformin (144 mg/kg in diet; n = 20) or SC + metformin (144 mg/kg in diet; n = 16) diet for 10 weeks before retesting. Body weight and plasma glucose, insulin and leptin were measured. Protein lysates from various brain areas were analysed for alterations in intracellular signalling or production of synaptic proteins. RESULTS HF-fed animals developed insulin resistance and an impairment in switching task contingency from matching to non-matching paradigm. Metformin attenuated the insulin resistance and weight gain associated with HF feeding, but had no effect on performance in either MTP or NMTP tasks. No major alteration in proteins associated with insulin signalling or synaptic function was detected in response to HF diet in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum or cortex. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Metformin prevented the metabolic but not cognitive alterations associated with HF feeding. The HF diet protocol did not change basal insulin signalling in the brain, suggesting that the brain did not develop insulin resistance. These findings indicate that HF diet has deleterious effects on neuronal function over and above those related to insulin resistance and suggest that weight loss may not be sufficient to reverse some damaging effects of poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D McNeilly
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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Abstract
Low-dose heparin prophylaxis reduces postoperative death from fatal pulmonary embolism and its long-term anti-cancer effect has now been assessed in a retrospective study of 1250 patients, 336 of whom (30%) underwent operation for cancer. There was a striking reduction in three year mortality amongst those patients who received low dose heparin compared to unteated controls (7.6% vs. 12.5%, P=0.005). Death from disseminated malignancy was halved (9.2% vs. 21.4%). The mechanism remains unclear, but may reflect either the antithrombotic actions of heparin or a direct antitumour cell effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kakkar
- PRINCE WALES HOSP,BRIDGEND,M GLAM,WALES. THROMBOSIS RES INST,LONDON SW3 6LR,ENGLAND
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Leung H, Hughes C, Kloppel G, Williamson R, Lemoine N. Localization of expression of fibroblast growth-factors and their receptors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by in-situ hybridization. Int J Oncol 2012; 4:1219-23. [PMID: 21567040 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.4.6.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors may play a role in autocrine or paracrine growth control of tumour cells. We have now examined the expression pattern in vivo by in situ hybridization (ISH) on a series of 13 ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas using the non-radioactive digoxigenin system to generate specific antisense orientated riboprobes for FGF-1 and FGF-2, and the four FGFRs (FGFR-1, -2, -3 and -4). We confirmed the expression of both FGF/FGFR by tumour cells, with the potential of a potential autocrine loops in 46% of the cases studied. FGF-2 and FGFR-3 were the most commonly expressed ligand and receptor (46% and 76% respectively). Endothelial cells lining vessels within an around invasive tumours were frequently positive for expression of FGFR-1 and/or FGFR-3. In the normal pancreas remote from the tumour, the acinar cells were found to have a heterogeneous expression pattern for FGFRs while duct cells, islet cells and stromal components including nerves and vascular endothelium were negative. The data suggest a role for FGFs and their high affinity receptors in the control of growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its supporting stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leung
- HAMMERSMITH HOSP,ROYAL POSTGRAD MED SCH,ICRF ONCOL UNIT,LONDON W12 0NN,ENGLAND. ACAD HOSP JETTE,DEPT PATHOL,B-1090 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. HAMMERSMITH HOSP,ROYAL POSTGRAD MED SCH,DEPT SURG,LONDON W12 0NN,ENGLAND
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Williamson R, van Aalten L, Mann DMA, Platt B, Plattner F, Bedford L, Mayer J, Howlett D, Usardi A, Sutherland C, Cole AR. CRMP2 hyperphosphorylation is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and not a feature common to other neurodegenerative diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 27:615-25. [PMID: 21860090 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is an abundant brain-enriched protein that regulates neurite outgrowth. It is phosphorylated by Cdk5 and GSK3, and these modifications are abnormally high in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Increased phosphorylation of CRMP2 is also apparent in mouse models of AD that express mutated AβPP and PSEN1, but not AβPP or tau alone, where it is detectable before the appearance of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, suggesting it is an early event in AD pathogenesis. Here, we have extended these observations by showing that CRMP2 is not hyperphosphorylated in mice overexpressing mutated PSEN1 alone, or in cultured neurons treated with soluble, oligomeric Aβ42 peptide. Similarly, CRMP2 phosphorylation was not increased in a mouse model of severe neurodegeneration (PMSC-1 knockout) or in cultured neurons subjected to neurotoxic concentrations of NMDA or staurosporine. Most interestingly, CRMP2 phosphorylation was not increased in frontal cortex from patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with mutations in MAPT or with Pick bodies. Together, these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that abnormal phosphorylation of CRMP2 is specific to AD and occurs downstream of excessive processing of AβPP, but that neither excessive Aβ42 peptide nor neurotoxicity alone are sufficient to promote hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie Williamson
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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McDonald M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Foley RJ, Ruel J, Sullivan P, Veilleux S, Aird KA, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bazin G, Bleem LE, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Egami E, Forman WR, Garmire GP, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, High FW, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hoover S, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Joy M, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Miller ED, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Murray SS, Natoli T, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Rawle TD, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Rex M, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shaw L, Shirokoff E, Simcoe R, Song J, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, Šuhada R, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. A massive, cooling-flow-induced starburst in the core of a luminous cluster of galaxies. Nature 2012; 488:349-52. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dobbs MA, Lueker M, Aird KA, Bender AN, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clarke J, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Flanigan DI, de Haan T, George EM, Halverson NW, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Johnson BR, Joseph J, Keisler R, Kennedy J, Kermish Z, Lanting TM, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Luong-Van D, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Montroy TE, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Richards PL, Ruhl JE, Schaffer KK, Schwan D, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vu C, Westbrook B, Williamson R. Frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:073113. [PMID: 22852677 DOI: 10.1063/1.4737629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A technological milestone for experiments employing transition edge sensor bolometers operating at sub-Kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s-1000s of bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is readout multiplexing: the ability to read out many sensors simultaneously on the same set of wires. This paper describes a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system which has been developed for and deployed on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope millimeter wavelength receivers. In this system, the detector array is divided into modules of seven detectors, and each bolometer within the module is biased with a unique ∼MHz sinusoidal carrier such that the individual bolometer signals are well separated in frequency space. The currents from all bolometers in a module are summed together and pre-amplified with superconducting quantum interference devices operating at 4 K. Room temperature electronics demodulate the carriers to recover the bolometer signals, which are digitized separately and stored to disk. This readout system contributes little noise relative to the detectors themselves, is remarkably insensitive to unwanted microphonic excitations, and provides a technology pathway to multiplexing larger numbers of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dobbs
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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Niedzielski J, Bluett J, Williamson R, Liao Z, Gomez D, Court L. SU-E-T-575: To Analyze the Clinical Impact of Esophageal Sparing on Treatment Plans for Patients with Grade 3 Esophagitis. Med Phys 2012; 39:3838. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Williamson R, Bluett J, Niedzielski J, Liao Z, Gomez D, Court L. SU-E-T-558: Assessing the Effect of Inter-Fractional Motion in Esophageal Sparing Plans. Med Phys 2012; 39:3834. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Williamson R, McNeilly A, Sutherland C. Insulin resistance in the brain: an old-age or new-age problem? Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:737-45. [PMID: 22634336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy is rising however with more people living longer there is a concomitant rise in the incidence of dementia. In addition to age-related cognitive decline there is a higher risk of going on to develop vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease associated with aspects of modern lifestyle. Most worryingly, recent data reports accelerated cognitive decline in adolescents associated with poor diet (high fat and calorie intake). Thus the increase in dementia in 'old-age' may have as much to do with 'new-age' lifestyle as it does with normal ageing. It would seem wise therefore to investigate the molecular connections between lifestyle and cognitive decline in more detail. Epidemiological evidence suggests an increased risk of developing dementia (including Alzheimer's disease) in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes but also in those with poor insulin sensitivity without diabetes, implicating a mechanistic link between adiposity, insulin sensitivity and dementia. Insulin receptors are expressed in the brain and physiological roles for insulin in the CNS are starting to be delineated. Indeed disrupted neuronal insulin action may underlie the link between diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. This review discusses the difficulties in quantifying insulin sensitivity of the brain and why it is vital that we develop technology for this purpose so that we can establish its role in this 'new-age' dementia. This has particular relevance to the design and interpretation of clinical trials in progress to assess potential benefits of insulin and insulin sensitisers on prevention of cognitive decline.
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Hughes EK, Nassar L, Lim A, Barrett N, Comitis S, Cunningham D, Flais S, Gupta A, Ralleigh G, Stewart V, Svensson W, Williamson R, Zaman N, Satchithananda K. Automated breast volume scanner: an initial experience. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13 Suppl 1:O1-6, P1-47. [PMID: 22151232 PMCID: PMC3238232 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Williamson R, Sutherland C. Neuronal membranes are key to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: the role of both raft and non-raft membrane domains. Curr Alzheimer Res 2011; 8:213-21. [PMID: 21222605 DOI: 10.2174/156720511795256008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane rafts are sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Membrane rafts isolated from post-mortem AD brain are enriched in both β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau. Proteolytic processing of APP to generate β-amyloid, the principle component of amyloid plaques, can occur in membrane rafts, implicating them in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Secondary to their role in β-amyloid generation, membrane rafts have more recently been implicated in the accumulation, aggregation and degradation of β-amyloid, with evidence supporting a specific role for membrane raft gangliosides in the binding and aggregation of β-amyloid. In addition, membrane domain composition has a direct impact on both the generation of β-amyloid and its subsequent toxic actions and as such is a key target for the development of therapeutic strategies. This mini-review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the relevance of membrane composition, of both raft and non-raft domains, to AD progression in models and in human disease. We will discuss how manipulation of membrane composition can alter both the proteolytic processing of APP and the subsequent binding and aggregation of β-amyloid peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Williamson
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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Morling J, Williamson R, Strachan M, Price J, Glancy S, Nee L. P2-201 Changes in aminotransferases indicate changes in hepatosteatosis in people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976j.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Morling J, Williamson R, Strachan M, Price J, Nee L, Glancy S. P2-202 Thiazolidinediones are associated with regression of hepatosteatosis in people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976j.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Usardi A, Pooler AM, Seereeram A, Reynolds CH, Derkinderen P, Anderton B, Hanger DP, Noble W, Williamson R. Tyrosine phosphorylation of tau regulates its interactions with Fyn SH2 domains, but not SH3 domains, altering the cellular localization of tau. FEBS J 2011; 278:2927-37. [PMID: 21692989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have demonstrated that interactions between the microtubule-associated protein tau and the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Fyn play a critical role in mediating synaptic toxicity and neuronal loss in response to β-amyloid (Aβ) in models of Alzheimer's disease. Disruption of interactions between Fyn and tau may thus have the potential to protect neurons from Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated tau and Fyn interactions and the potential implications for positioning of these proteins in membrane microdomains. Tau is known to bind to Fyn via its Src-homology (SH)3 domain, an association regulated by phosphorylation of PXXP motifs in tau. Here, we show that Pro216 within the PXXP(213-216) motif in tau plays an important role in mediating the interaction of tau with Fyn-SH3. We also show that tau interacts with the SH2 domain of Fyn, and that this association, unlike that of Fyn-SH3, is influenced by Fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of tau. In particular, phosphorylation of tau at Tyr18, a reported target of Fyn, is important for mediating Fyn-SH2-tau interactions. Finally, we show that tyrosine phosphorylation influences the localization of tau to detergent-resistant membrane microdomains in primary cortical neurons, and that this trafficking is Fyn-dependent. These findings may have implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting the tau/Fyn-mediated synaptic dysfunction that occurs in response to elevated Aβ levels in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Usardi
- Department of Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
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Yang J, Williamson R, Garden A, Rosenthal D, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ang K, Dong L. SU-E-J-99: Multi-Atlas Based Auto-Segmentation of Low-Risk Clinical Target Volume (CTV) for Head-and-Neck Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Williamson R, Sutherland C. Neuronal Membranes are Key to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: the Role of Both Raft and Non-Raft Membrane Domains. Curr Alzheimer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.2174/1567211212226052050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Scales TM, Derkinderen P, Leung KY, Byers HL, Ward MA, Price C, Bird IN, Perera T, Kellie S, Williamson R, Anderton BH, Reynolds CH. Tyrosine phosphorylation of tau by the SRC family kinases lck and fyn. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:12. [PMID: 21269457 PMCID: PMC3037338 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tau protein is the principal component of the neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer's disease, where it is hyperphosphorylated on serine and threonine residues, and recently phosphotyrosine has been demonstrated. The Src-family kinase Fyn has been linked circumstantially to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, and shown to phosphorylate Tyr18. Recently another Src-family kinase, Lck, has been identified as a genetic risk factor for this disease. Results In this study we show that Lck is a tau kinase. In vitro, comparison of Lck and Fyn showed that while both kinases phosphorylated Tyr18 preferentially, Lck phosphorylated other tyrosines somewhat better than Fyn. In co-transfected COS-7 cells, mutating any one of the five tyrosines in tau to phenylalanine reduced the apparent level of tau tyrosine phosphorylation to 25-40% of that given by wild-type tau. Consistent with this, tau mutants with only one remaining tyrosine gave poor phosphorylation; however, Tyr18 was phosphorylated better than the others. Conclusions Fyn and Lck have subtle differences in their properties as tau kinases, and the phosphorylation of tau is one mechanism by which the genetic risk associated with Lck might be expressed pathogenically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Me Scales
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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Shah V, Panay N, Williamson R, Hemingway A. Hysterosalpingogram: an essential examination following Essure hysteroscopic sterilisation. Br J Radiol 2010; 84:805-12. [PMID: 21123309 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/95330860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe our experience of imaging following hysteroscopic sterilisation with the Essure (Conceptus Inc., Mountain View, San Carlos, CA) microinsert, and to underline the importance of a carefully performed follow-up hysterosalpingogram (HSG) in the management of these patients. METHODS 18 women underwent the procedure and all returned for follow-up HSG. A standard HSG technique was used and views were acquired to establish microinsert position and tubal occlusion. RESULTS In 16 of the 18 women, adequate microinsert positioning and bilateral tubal occlusion was present. In one woman, a unilateral microinsert occluded the fallopian tube, whereas the other fallopian tube was ligated with a clip. The final patient underwent two studies; both showed well-positioned microinserts but unilateral free spill from the right fallopian tube. There are no reported pregnancies thus far. CONCLUSION Essure sterilisation coils have a unique appearance when radiographed and are an effective means of permanently occluding the fallopian tubes. HSG is a rapid and safe method of confirming satisfactory placement and tubal occlusion. Non-HSG imaging techniques are suboptimal at detecting patent fallopian tubes and expose patients to the risk of an unwanted and potentially complicated pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shah
- Department of Imaging, Hammersmith and Queen Charlotte Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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McNeilly AD, Williamson R, Sutherland C, Balfour DJK, Stewart CA. High fat feeding promotes simultaneous decline in insulin sensitivity and cognitive performance in a delayed matching and non-matching to position task. Behav Brain Res 2010; 217:134-41. [PMID: 20974195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the single greatest risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with the prevalence of both dramatically increasing in recent years. These conditions are associated with medical complications such as hypertension, neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence also suggests a greater risk of developing dementia including Alzheimer's disease. The molecular mechanisms governing these changes remain obscure, although epidemiological evidence suggests that reduced insulin sensitivity (a characteristic of T2DM) is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Here we examine the effects of diet-induced insulin resistance on cognitive ability in an animal model not predisposed to develop Alzheimer's pathology. Following 12 weeks on a high fat diet (45% of calories as crude fat) male Wistar rats were overweight and insulin resistant but not frankly diabetic. High fat fed animals were consistently poorer in all aspects of an operant based delayed matching to position task, yet were not impaired in spatial working memory as judged by the open field watermaze test. The cognitive deficit of the HF fed animals was most apparent when the task was switched from matching to non-matching to position, suggestive of an inability to change contingency. Performance in this task was negatively correlated with whole body insulin sensitivity but not weight gain. In conclusion this study has shown that insulin resistant animals exhibit impairments in an operant measure of behavioural flexibility which precede the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D McNeilly
- Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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