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Mani SSR, Thomas A, Alam R, Lalwani M, Valson AT, Yadav B, Eapen JJ, John EE, Yusuf S, Mukha RP, Rajadoss MKP, Mercy D, Alexander S, Varughese S, David VG. Profile, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Normal Pretransplant Genitourinary Tract: A Single-Center Experience. Indian J Nephrol 2024; 34:37-44. [PMID: 38645908 PMCID: PMC11003596 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_407_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a paucity of studies on asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in developing countries. This study assessed the clinical profile, risk factors, outcomes, and impact of treatment of ASB in KTRs with a normal genitourinary tract. Methods Consecutive KTRs from 2009 to 2018 with no clinical or radiological evidence of obstructive uropathy were included. Urinary tract infection (UTI) after ASB was defined as occurrence of cystitis, pyelonephritis, or urosepsis, with ASB being the first bacteriuric episode. Results Seven hundred ten out of 794 patients with median follow up of 47 months were included. The mean age was 35.5 ± 12 years. Eighty-one patients (11.4%) developed ASB at a median of 25 days (IQR 10, 134.5). Fifty-three percent and 4.9% of ASB episodes were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive and carbapenem-resistant organisms, respectively. Eighteen patients (32.1%) with early ASB (<3 months) and 5 (20%) with late ASB developed UTI on follow-up. Fifty-five percent of early and 16% of late ASB episodes were treated, with no significant difference observed in the risk of development of UTI when compared to untreated ASB episodes. Conclusion The incidence of ASB as first bacteriuric episode in our cohort was 11.4%, with there being significant antimicrobial resistance. Female gender, pretransplant UTI, and delayed graft function were independently associated with development of ASB. Treatment of ASB episodes either early or late did not decrease the risk of development of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athul Thomas
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rizwan Alam
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manish Lalwani
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anna T. Valson
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bijesh Yadav
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeethu J. Eapen
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elenjickal E. John
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabina Yusuf
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajiv P. Mukha
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Deborah Mercy
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suceena Alexander
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh Varughese
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoi G. David
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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John EE, Roy S, Eapen JJ, Karuppusami R, Jose N, Mani SSR, Johny J, Alam R, Yusuf S, Thomas A, Valson AT, David VG, Varughese S, Alexander S. Bacterial infection-related glomerulonephritis in patients with diabetes. Nephrology (Carlton) 2023; 28:597-610. [PMID: 37492933 PMCID: PMC7615861 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic patients are prone to infections, thus making them a unique cohort at risk of developing bacterial infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN). METHODS In total, 1693 adult diabetic patients underwent kidney biopsy between 2005 and 2021 at our tertiary care hospital in South India. Of these, 121 consecutive cases which met criteria of bacterial IRGN were included in this study. RESULTS The mean age of the cohort was 53.1 ± 10.1 years and 83/121 (68.5%) were males. Majority (98.3%) had type 2 diabetes for a median duration of 6 (IQR, 2-12) years. The most common sites of infection were skin (47/121, 38.8%) and urinary tract (15/121, 12.4%). Fifty percent (58/121) of patients had underlying advanced diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Isolated C3 deposits (without immunoglobulin) occurred in 66/121 (54.5%) patients predominantly in advanced DKD patients. IgA-dominant glomerulonephritis occurred in only 9/121 (7.4%) patients. Short-course oral steroid was given to 86/121 (71.1%) patients. Steroid related dysglycemia and immunosuppression related infections occurred in 9/61 (14.8%) and 16/61 (26.2%) patients respectively. Of the 90 patients with follow up details >3 months, 46 (51.1%) progressed to kidney failure over a median period of 0.5 (IQR, 0-7.2) months. Patients diagnosed in the latter half of our study period (2013-2021) were older, less commonly presented with fever, had more pronounced hypocomplementemia and severe renal histology predominantly with a 'starry sky' immunofluorescence pattern. CONCLUSION Superimposed bacterial IRGN on underlying DKD is associated with poor renal outcomes. Use of short course steroid was associated with significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjeet Roy
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Reka Karuppusami
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nisha Jose
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Joseph Johny
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Rizwan Alam
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sabina Yusuf
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Athul Thomas
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Anna T. Valson
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Alam R, Rasheed R, Ashraf MA, Hussain I, Ali S. Allantoin alleviates chromium phytotoxic effects on wheat by regulating osmolyte accumulation, secondary metabolism, ROS homeostasis and nutrient acquisition. J Hazard Mater 2023; 458:131920. [PMID: 37413799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Allantoin is a nitrogen metabolite with significant potential to mediate plant defense responses under salinity. However, the impact of allantoin on ions homeostasis and ROS metabolism has yet to be established in plants under Cr toxicity. In the current study, chromium (Cr) notably diminished growth, photosynthetic pigments, and nutrient acquisition in two wheat cultivars (Galaxy-2013 and Anaj-2017). Plants subjected to Cr toxicity displayed excessive Cr accumulation. Chromium produced substantial oxidative stress reflected as higher levels of O2•, H2O2, MDA, methylglyoxal (MG) and lipoxygenase activity. Plants manifested marginally raised antioxidant enzyme activities due to Cr stress. Further, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels diminished with a concurrent rise in oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG). Plants exhibited a considerable abridge in GSH:GSSG due to Cr toxicity. Allantoin (200 and 300 mg L1) subsided metal phytotoxic effects by strengthening the activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of antioxidant compounds. Plants administered allantoin displayed a considerable rise in endogenous H2S and nitric oxide (NO) levels that, in turn, lessened oxidative injury in Cr-stressed plants. Allantoin diminished membrane damage and improved nutrient acquisition under Cr stress. Allantoin markedly regulated the uptake and distribution of Cr in wheat plants, abridging the degree of metal phytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Alam
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Varish N, Hasan MK, Khan A, Zamani AT, Ayyasamy V, Islam S, Alam R. Content-Based remote sensing image retrieval method using adaptive tetrolet transform based GLCM features. IFS 2023. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-224083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposed a novel texture feature extraction technique for radar remote sensing image retrieval application using adaptive tetrolet transform and Gray level co-occurrence matrix. Tetrolets have provided fine texture information in the radar image. Tetrominoes have been employed on each decomposed radar image and best pattern of tetrominoes has been chosen which represents the better radar image geometry at each decomposition level. All three high pass components of the decomposed radar image at each level and low pass component at the last level are considered as input values for Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), where GLCM provides the spatial relationship among the pixel values of decomposed components in different directions at certain distances. The GLCMs of decomposed components are computed in (1). (0, π/2, π, 3π/2), (2). (π/4, 3π/4, 5π/4, 7π/4) (3). (0, π/4, π/2, 3π/4, π, 3π/2, 5π/4, 7π/4) individually and subsequently a texture feature descriptor is constructed by computing statistical parameters from the corresponding GLCMs. The retrieval performance of the suggested texture feature extraction technique in terms of accuracy is validated on two standard radar remote sensing image databases: 20-class satellite remote sensing dataset and 21-class land-cover dataset. The average metrices i.e., precision, recall and F-score are 61.43%, 12.29% and 20.47% for 20-class satellite remote sensing dataset while 21-class land-cover dataset have achieved 67.75%, 9.03% and 15.94% these average metrices. The retrieved results show the better accuracy as compared to the other related state of arts radar remote sensing image retrieval methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Varish
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Asif Khan
- Department of Computer Application, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abu Taha Zamani
- Department of Computer Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vadivel Ayyasamy
- Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, Bengaluru Campus, Karnataka, India
| | - Shayla Islam
- Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation, UCSI University Malaysia
| | - Rizwan Alam
- United world School of Computational Intelligence, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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John EE, Roy S, Eapen JJ, Alam R, Varughese S. When to Suspect Non-diabetic Kidney Disease in a Diabetic Patient? Cureus 2022; 14:e28091. [PMID: 36158327 PMCID: PMC9484782 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD) in a diabetic patient has significant therapeutic and prognostic implications. There are certain proven clinical predictors of NDKD, which, when present in an appropriate clinical setting, would warrant a kidney biopsy. Herein, we describe four cases of NDKD diagnosed in rather unusual clinical settings, which add to the list of clinical predictors of NDKD. The first case was a “parainfectious glomerulonephritis” diagnosed in a 50-year-old diabetic woman who presented with persistent renal dysfunction despite successful treatment of urinary tract infection. The second case was “membranous nephropathy” diagnosed in a 43-year-old man with long-standing type 1 diabetes, which was associated with other microvascular complications. In this case, the only predictor was disproportionately low serum albumin. The third case was “amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis” diagnosed in an elderly diabetic who presented with progressive anasarca over six months. In this case, the only clinical predictor was a disassociation observed between urine dipstick and 24-hour protein estimation. In the fourth case, an elderly diabetic woman without underlying diabetic retinopathy presented with sudden onset nephrotic syndrome. A kidney biopsy was suggestive of diffuse nodular glomerulosclerosis. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopic evaluation were diagnostic of “gamma heavy chain deposition disease.” In all four cases, diagnosis of NDKD led to major therapeutic changes and attainment of renal remission. We have extensively reviewed all major biopsy cohorts of NDKD and have formulated an approach to the diagnosis of NDKD.
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Sonia ZF, Rukunuzzaman M, Karim MB, Yasmin A, Alam R. Efficacy of Different Diagnostic Test for Identifying Wilson's Disease. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:117-123. [PMID: 34999690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder in which copper pathologically accumulates primarily within the liver, brain and other tissues. It can presents clinically as liver disease, as a progressive neurological disorder or as psychiatric illness. The wide array of clinical manifestations of WD can lead to misdiagnosis with subsequent greater risk of irreversible damage to liver and brain. Many tests can be used to investigate patients of Wilson disease, including serum free copper, 24 hours urine copper estimation, hepatic copper estimation and genetic mutation testing. But there is no single ideal diagnostic test that can exclude or confirm the disease with certainty. The aim of the study was to find out the efficacy of different diagnostic test for the diagnosis of Wilson disease. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2016 through January 2018. A total of 56 cases of Wilson disease and 39 patients with a liver disease other than WD were studied. Wilson disease was diagnosed by Leipzig score. Along with other physical findings and laboratory investigations slit lamp eye examination for KF ring, serum ceruloplasmin and 24 hour urinary copper excretion were done. The mean age of WD patients was 9.69±2.37 years, male female ratio was 1:1. Serum ceruloplasmin level was significantly lower in WD patient (p<0.001). Median of 24 hour urinary copper in WD was 702.75μg/ 24 hr (range119-11210μg/24 hour) and in non WD group it was 77.41μg/24 hour (range 20.0-478μg/24 hour) and the difference between them is statistically significant (p=0.001). The sensitivity of KF ring was 82.1% and specificity was 100%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of serum ceruloplasmin were 98.2%, 92.3%, 94.8%, 97.2% and 95.7% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 24 hour urinary copper were 100%, 63%, 80% and 85.1% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of KF ring, serum ceruloplasmin and basal 24 hour urinary copper excretion when combined together came out to be 70.4%, 100%, 100%, 59.3% and 79.3% respectively. This study result showed that serum ceruloplasmin and 24 hour urinary copper can be used as a screening test for the diagnosis of Wilson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Sonia
- Dr Zannatul Ferdous Sonia, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Ad-din Women's Medical College Hospital, Mogbazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Zahid S, Alam R. M272 A CASE OF ELEVATED TRYPTASE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Krishnakumar A, Mani SSR, Alam R, Lalwani M, Thomas A, Valson A, Alexander S, John EE, Eapen JJ, Yusuf S, Varughese S, David VG. MO995DO THE TIMELINE AND SPECTRUM OF INFECTIONS CHANGE AFTER ANTI-REJECTION THERAPY IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab111.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
The infections in kidney transplant recipients has been well defined. The timeline of infections and type of infection among patients who received anti-rejection therapy for acute rejection when compared to the patients who did not develop an acute rejection.
Method
Renal transplant recipients with post-transplant median follow up of four years from July 2009-June 2018 were included in a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care hospital. Demographic characteristics, biopsy proven rejections, infections and graft and patient outcome were collected from transplant records and the hospital clinical workstation. Early and late acute rejections were defined as less than and more than 3 months respectively. The rates of various infections, type and time to develop an infection in the acute rejection group were compared with the patients who did not develop any rejection.
Results
A total of 794 patients underwent kidney transplant during the study with mean age of 35.5±12 years and 78% being male. Two hundred and eight four patients (35.8 %) had one or more biopsy proven rejections during the median follow up of 48 months (IQR 28,77). 213 patients (75%) developed early acute rejection (less than 3 months) while the remainder developed late acute rejection. The median time to develop the first acute rejection was 12 days (IQR 6,93.3). Majority of the patients (176, 62%) developed biopsy proven acute cellular rejection, 77 patients (27.1%) acute antibody mediated rejection and rest (10.9%) either mixed or borderline rejection who were treated. The proportion of BKV infection and infective diarrhea were more in rejection group when compared to no rejection group which was statistically significant (refer Table 1). At follow up, the patients who developed rejection had more graft loss (p value 0.010) but no increase in mortality. The predictors of infection among the patients who received anti-rejection therapy were identified. The median time to develop any infection in both groups were also compared. The spectrum of infections and outcome following early and late rejections were compared. Subgroup analysis was done to look at the eGFR, proteinuria trend, graft outcomes in patients with no rejection, rejection without any infection at follow up and rejection with any infection at follow up. The effect of type of anti-rejection therapy on spectrum of infections was also studied.
Conclusion
This is one of the few studies which looked at the effect of anti-rejection therapy in kidney transplant recipients. Anti-rejection treatment received post kidney transplant resulted in increased rates of BKV infection and infective diarrhea. Patients with acute rejection had more graft loss during follow up with no significant effect on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rizwan Alam
- Christian Medical College, Nephrology, Vellore, India
| | | | - Athul Thomas
- Christian Medical College, Nephrology, Vellore, India
| | - Anna Valson
- Christian Medical College, Nephrology, Vellore, India
| | | | | | | | - Sabina Yusuf
- Christian Medical College, Nephrology, Vellore, India
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Alam R, Basak B, Ahsan A, Gupta AS, Islam S, Akther SMQ. 170 Primary Breast Lymphoma-Mimicking Inflammatory Breast Disease: A Case Report. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is an unusual clinical entity accounting for 0.4–0.5% of all breast neoplasms. The usual presentation includes a painless palpable mass similar to that of breast carcinoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common identifiable type of PBL based on the histopathological examination.
We report an unusual case of 22 years old Bangladeshi woman presented with a 6-month history of a lump on left breast. Although the lump was initially small, it began a rapid growth after 4 months. The swelling was localized and did not show any skin involvement or discharge and as she didn’t have any positive familial history of breast carcinoma her primary attending physician diagnosed it as a case of breast abscess. When local incision and drainage proved ineffective, she was referred to us. After doing an immunohistochemistry from incisional biopsy the diagnosis was confirmed as Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. The patient was treated initially by chemotherapy with CHOP therapy followed by wide local excision.
Early and accurate diagnosis of PBL is crucial for selecting the appropriate MDT treatment strategies to avert potentially harmful surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alam
- Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - B Basak
- Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A Ahsan
- Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - A S Gupta
- Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Islam
- Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Q Akther
- Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Rabinowitz M, Alam R, Liu J, Kohn T, Peña V, Herati A. 023 Evaluating the Impact of Telemedicine on Access to Male Sexual Medicine During the COVID-era. J Sex Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pirzad A, Alam R. M263 RECURRENT INFECTIONS IN SETTING OF ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sara H, Alam R, Hasan T, Quayyum Z, Jerin D. Exploring health risk of people living near the Secondary Transfer Stations and Landfills in Dhaka. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Proper management of increasing solid waste is a major challenge for Dhaka city. Hence, the consequences on health are numerous and depend on the nature of the waste, individuals exposed, duration of exposure and availability of interventions for those exposed. This study seeks to identify the potential health risk associated with contamination from STSs and landfills in Dhaka city.
Methods
This study has adopted a multi-method approach that includes qualitative data collection and analysis of secondary spatial data. Thematic analysis was performed for analysing the qualitative data and. Spatial data were collected from the Survey of Bangladesh and analysed to show the spatial distribution of 68 STSs out of 81 STSs in Dhaka City.
Results
Qualitative study suggests that the leachate migration from the landfill and STSs make the surrounding environment worse and causes health sufferings to the people living near the STS or landfill along with the people directly working. Furthermore, findings from the spatial data reveal that, 12 STSs within 50-100 meters and 54 STSs within 100 meters radius of an education institute and round 75 STSs are also located within 100 meters radius of the health facilities. Numerous settlements and natural features are also located within 500 meters of buffer zone from the both landfills. Flies and mosquitoes are breeding at a greater pace in and around the landfills where high quantities of solid waste are being dumped. Again, waterlogging is very common due to the dumping of waste which in turn is causing the spread of dengue and other water borne diseases in the surrounding area.
Conclusions
Poor management and incautious allocation of the STSs and landfills have adverse effects on the people's health residing nearby. Managing waste in the landfill and STS with a proper manner, and engaging more manpower with adequate safety equipment could be a great help to reduce the health sufferings of the people living nearby.
Key messages
Improper solid waste management practice effects on the health of people residing near the STSs and landfills. To manage the waste of the STSs and landfills in an efficient way and not cause daily nuisance to the nearby residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sara
- Urban Equity and Health, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Alam
- Urban Equity and Health, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - T Hasan
- Urban Equity and Health, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Z Quayyum
- Urban Equity and Health, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - D Jerin
- Urban Equity and Health, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Cheaib J, Alam R, Kassiri B, Biles M, Metcalf M, Wlajnitz T, Wagner A, Chang P, Johnson M, Mckiernan J, Allaf M, Pierorazio P. Active surveillance for small renal masses is safe and non-inferior: 10-year update from the DISSRM registry. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Alam R, Karim AB, Rukunuzzaman M. Abdominal Tuberculosis in Children: Is It Really Uncommon? Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:738-746. [PMID: 32844820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Now a day's tuberculosis has become a global emergency especially in children and abdomen is the sixth commonest extra-pulmonary site of involvement. Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) in children is still challenging. Non specific constitutional symptoms and long lasting abdominal manifestations cause unnecessary delay in diagnosis in children. Abdominal TB can be of various types like peritoneal TB, gastrointestinal TB, tubercular lymphadenopathy and visceral TB. Diagnosis can be confirmed by histopathology, culture or PCR and imaging technique also play an important role in diagnosis. Morbidity and mortality can be reduced in significant number by early recognition and effective aggressive treatment. In TB endemic areas, it could be strongly considered in children with vague complaints like chronic abdominal pain, low grade fever and weight loss. Response to anti-tubercular therapy may indirectly help the physicians to come to a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alam
- Dr Rubaiyat Alam, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Ranasinghe W, Shapiro D, Reichard C, Elsheshtawi M, Nyame Y, Sundi D, Tosoian J, Wilkins L, Alam R, Achim M, Bathala T, Tang C, Aparicio A, Tu S, Navone N, Pisters L, Stephenson A, Klein E, Ross A, Allaf M, Davis J, Chapin B. Outcomes of men with ductal prostate cancer undergoing definitive therapy for localized disease. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Rahman A, Rahman M, Momotaz M, Alam R, Hossain M, Hussain MM. Mucinous Carcinoma of The Breast: Report of Two Cases. J Surg Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.3329/jss.v17i1.43710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is one of 16 rare varieties of malignant lesions of epithelial origin Inbreast. They account for 1-6% of all breast cancer. Variations Inpresentation, cllnlcal course and prognosis has been observed in these patients. In this communication we report two cases of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast .Both the cases were unusual, first one of them having early presentation with pulmonary and bone metastasis less commonly seen In this type of breast carcinoma and the second case had lymph node involvement that is seen in less than one fifth of the cases of mucinous carcinoma of breast. A brief review about mucinous carcinoma is supplemented with the report.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2013) Vol. 17 (1) : 45-49
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Levin-Epstein R, Cook K, Chu F, Ciezki J, Stock R, Merrick G, Demanes D, Spratt D, Abu-Isa E, Pomerantz M, Tran P, Nguyen P, Wedde T, Lilleby W, Krauss D, Alam R, Steinberg M, Horwitz E, King C, Kishan A. Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Radiorecurrent Gleason Grade Group 5 Prostate Cancer: Impact of Initial Treatment Strategy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bhati P, Alam R, Moiz JA, Hussain ME. Subclinical inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:419-428. [PMID: 31890667 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to examine association between inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers and indices of cardiac autonomic control in T2DM patients. Methods 50 T2DM patients were recruited for this study. For cardiac autonomic function, cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was performed. Blood samples were collected for evaluating inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers. Multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for diabetes duration, glycemic control, waist circumference, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metformin, and statins was performed to examine the association between the biomarkers and cardiac autonomic function parameters. Results Interleukin-6 was inversely related to total power (p = .009) and low frequency power (p = .04). Interleukin-18 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein inversely correlated with measures of cardiac vagal control (p < .05). Both nitric oxide and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were positively linked with cardiac vagal control indices (p < .05) whereas endothelin-1 did not show any independent association with cardiac autonomic function parameters. Conclusions Biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial function are associated with measures of cardiac vagal control and global HRV which suggest that there is some pathophysiological link between subclinical inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhati
- 1Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Rizwan Alam
- 2Deen Dayal Upadhyay Kaushal Kendra, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Jamal Ali Moiz
- 1Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - M Ejaz Hussain
- 1Diabetes Research Group, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
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Soppa G, Theodoropoulos P, Bilkhu R, Harrison DA, Alam R, Beattie R, Bleetman D, Hussain A, Jones S, Kenny L, Khorsandi M, Lea A, Mensah K, Hici TN, Pinho-Gomes AC, Rogers L, Sepehripour A, Singh S, Steele D, Weaver H, Klein A, Fletcher N, Jahangiri M. Variation between hospitals in outcomes following cardiac surgery in the UK. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019; 101:333-341. [PMID: 30854865 PMCID: PMC6513373 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examine the influence of variations in provision of cardiac surgery in the UK at hospital level on patient outcomes and also to assess whether there is an inequality of access and delivery of healthcare. Cardiothoracic surgery has pioneered the reporting of surgeon-specific outcomes, which other specialties have followed. We set out to identify factors other than the individual surgeon, which can affect outcomes and enable other surgical specialties to adopt a similar model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patient and hospital level factors between 2013 and 2016 from 16 cardiac surgical units in the UK were analysed through the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland and the Royal College of Surgeons Research Collaborative. Patient demographic data, risks factors, postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality, as well as hospital-level factors such as number of beds and operating theatres, were collected. Correlation between outcome measures was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Associations between hospital-level factors and outcomes were assessed using univariable and multivariable regression models. RESULTS Of 50,871 patients (60.5% of UK caseload), 25% were older than 75 years and 29% were female. There was considerable variation between units in patient comorbidities, bed distribution and staffing. All hospitals had dedicated cardiothoracic intensive care beds and consultants. Median survival was 97.9% (range 96.3-98.6%). Postoperative complications included re-sternotomy for bleeding (median 4.8%; range 3.5-6.9%) and mediastinitis (0.4%; 0.1-1.0%), transient ischaemic attack/cerebrovascular accident (1.7%; range 0.3-3.0%), haemofiltration (3.7%; range 0.8-6.8%), intra-aortic balloon pump use (3.3%; range 0.4-7.4%), tracheostomy (1.6%; range 1.3-2.6%) and laparotomy (0.3%; range 0.2-0.6%). There was variation in outcomes between hospitals. Univariable analysis showed a small number of positive associations between hospital-level factors and outcomes but none remained significant in multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS Variations among hospital level factors exists in both delivery of, and outcomes, following cardiac surgery in the UK. However, there was no clear association between these factors and patient outcomes. This negative finding could be explained by differences in outcome definition, differences in risk factors between centres that are not captured by standard risk stratification scores or individual surgeon/team performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Soppa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Theodoropoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Bilkhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - DA Harrison
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Alam
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Beattie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Bleetman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Hussain
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Jones
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Kenny
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Khorsandi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Lea
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ka Mensah
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - TN Hici
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - AC Pinho-Gomes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Rogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Sepehripour
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Singh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Steele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Weaver
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Klein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Fletcher
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Jahangiri
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
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Kishan A, Ciezki J, Ross A, Cook R, Shaikh T, Stock R, Merrick G, Demanes D, Alam R, Spratt D, Abu-Isa E, Wedde T, Lilleby W, Sandler K, Song D, Reddy C, Nickols N, Steinberg M, Horwitz E, King C. Extremely Dose Escalated Radiation Therapy Improves Cancer-Specific Survival Compared With Radical Prostatectomy or Conventionally Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy in Gleason Score 9-10 Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Multi-institutional Analysis of 1403 Patie. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tosoian JJ, Alam R, Gergis C, Narang A, Radwan N, Robertson S, McNutt T, Ross AE, Song DY, DeWeese TL, Tran PT, Walsh PC. Unscreened older men diagnosed with prostate cancer are at increased risk of aggressive disease. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:193-196. [PMID: 28045113 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship between PSA testing history and high-risk disease among older men diagnosed with prostate cancer. METHODS Records from 1993 to 2014 were reviewed for men who underwent radiotherapy for prostate cancer at age 75 years or older. Patients were classified into one of four groups based on PSA-testing history: (1) no PSA testing; (2) incomplete/ineffective PSA testing; (3) PSA testing; or (4) cannot be determined. Outcomes of interest were National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk group (that is, low, intermediate or high risk) and biopsy grade at diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between PSA testing history and high-risk cancer. RESULTS PSA-testing history was available in 274 (94.5%) of 290 subjects meeting study criteria. In total, 148 men (54.0%) underwent PSA testing with follow-up biopsy, 72 (26.3%) underwent PSA testing without appropriate follow-up, and 54 men (19.7%) did not undergo PSA testing. Patients who underwent PSA testing were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with NCCN high-risk cancer (23.0% vs 51.6%, P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, men with no/incomplete PSA testing had more than three-fold increased odds of high-risk disease at diagnosis (odds ratio 3.39, 95% confidence interval 1.96-5.87, P<0.001) as compared to the tested population. CONCLUSIONS Older men who underwent no PSA testing or incomplete testing were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer than those who were previously screened. It is reasonable to consider screening in healthy older men likely to benefit from early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Tosoian
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Alam
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Gergis
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Narang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Radwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T McNutt
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A E Ross
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Y Song
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T L DeWeese
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P T Tran
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P C Walsh
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Alam R. SU-F-P-24: Radiological Disperse Device. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Katchman BA, Barderas R, Alam R, Chowell D, Field MS, Esserman LJ, Wallstrom G, LaBaer J, Cramer DW, Hollingsworth MA, Anderson KS. Proteomic mapping of p53 immunogenicity in pancreatic, ovarian, and breast cancers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:720-31. [PMID: 27121307 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in TP53 induce autoantibody immune responses in a subset of cancer patients, which have been proposed as biomarkers for early detection. Here, we investigate the association of p53-specific autoantibodies with multiple tumor subtypes and determine the association with p53 mutation status and epitope specificity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IgG p53 autoantibodies (p53-AAb), were quantified in 412 serum samples using a programmable ELISA assay from patients with serous ovarian, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer. To determine if patients generated mutation-specific autoantibodies we designed a panel of the most relevant 51 p53 point mutant proteins, to be displayed on custom programmable protein microarrays. To determine the epitope specificity we displayed 12 overlapping tiling fragments and 38 N- and C-terminal deletions spanning the length of the wild-type p53 protein. RESULTS We detected p53-AAb with sensitivities of 58.8% (ovarian), 22% (pancreatic), 32% (triple negative breast cancer), and 10.2% (HER2+ breast cancer) at 94% specificity. Sera with p53-AAb contained broadly reactive autoantibodies to 51 displayed p53 mutant proteins, demonstrating a polyclonal response to common epitopes. All p53-AAb displayed broad polyclonal immune response to both continuous and discontinuous epitopes at the N- and C-terminus as well as the DNA-binding domain. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this comprehensive analysis, mutations in tumor p53 induce strong, polyclonal autoantibodies with broadly reactive epitope specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Katchman
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rizwan Alam
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew S Field
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Garrick Wallstrom
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Katchman BA, Alam R, Field MS, Viloria J, Wallstrom G, LaBaer J, Engstrom P, Anderson KS. Abstract 1318: A protein microarray signature of autoantibody biomarkers for the detection of HER2+ breast cancers. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, clinically defined by expression of the biomarkers ER, PR, and HER2, with 15-30% of breast cancers overexpressing the HER2 protein. Antibodies to tumor antigens that are present in patient sera are potential biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify a panel of novel serum biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HER2+ breast cancer.
Methods:
We screened sera from breast cancer patients for autoantibodies using custom nucleic acid programmable protein microarrays (NAPPA). Plasmid cDNAs encoding 10,000 full-length human proteins with c-terminal GST or FLAG tags were printed on arrays with anti-GST or anti-FLAG antibodies, and transcribed and translated in situ using HeLa expression lysate. Serum samples were obtained at diagnosis from patients with stage I-III HER2+ breast cancer classified by IHC and/or FISH testing (HER2+/ER-/PR-, 47%; HER2+/ER+/PR+, 48%; HER2+/ER-/PR+, 5%). Control sera were age-matched and obtained from women undergoing screening mammography or diagnostic mammography for benign breast disease. The microarrays were screened with sera from 29 cases and 29 controls. 850 antigens were selected, displayed in microarray format, and screened with an independent set of sera 27 cases, 29 benign breast disease controls, and 25 healthy controls. Bound IgG was detected by fluorescence.
Results:
From the initial 10,000 proteins, we identified 850 proteins using cutoff values of AUC (0.68), sensitivity (0.29), and pAUC (0.0075) at 94% specificity for further analysis. From these, 50 candidate autoantibody biomarkers for the detection of HER2+ breast cancer were identified based on visual analysis and statistical cutoff values of 15% sensitivity at 98% specificity and K-statistic (≥ 0.9).
Conclusion:
We identified a 50-autoantibody serum signature for the detection of HER2+ breast cancer. Blinded validation studies are ongoing.
Citation Format: Benjamin A. Katchman, Rizwan Alam, Matthew S. Field, Jennifer Viloria, Garrick Wallstrom, Joshua LaBaer, Paul Engstrom, Karen S. Anderson. A protein microarray signature of autoantibody biomarkers for the detection of HER2+ breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1318. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1318
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Engstrom
- 2Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadephia, PA
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Anderson KS, Langseth H, Wallstrom G, Posner M, Cheng JN, Alam R, Chowell D, Mork J. Abstract 1566: Association of a serum HPV16 IgG signature and risk of oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection is associated with an increasing fraction of oropharyngeal cancer. The aim of our study was to determine the association of HPV16 antibodies (Abs) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) risk in sera obtained prior to clinical diagnosis.
Methods: We identified 92 participants with incident oropharyngeal cancers and 460 age-, gender-, region- and year- matched controls from the Janus Serumbank in Norway. Serum samples were collected from cases, on average, 9.2 years before diagnosis (range, -0.6-14.9 years). 11 cases had serum samples from multiple time points. IgG Abs to the HPV16 antigens E1, E4, E5, E6, E7, L1, L2, and the N-terminal and C-terminal fragments of E2 (NE2, CE2) were quantified in blinded fashion using a custom RAPID ELISA assay. Full-length genes were expressed as GST fusion proteins with a mammalian protein expression system, incubated with sera, and bound IgG was measured. The ratio of relative luminescence units (RLU) values for each antigen to control GST protein was determined. Cutoff values were pre-established as 3 SD>median of 247 healthy controls. A logistic regression classifier of a 7-Ab biomarker panel (E1, NE2, CE2, E4, E5, E6, E7) for the predictive diagnosis of OPC was trained on an independent sample set, and applied to these samples. P-values were calculated by Fisher's exact test. Odds ratios (ORs) of cancer and 95% CIs were calculated.
Results: HPV16 early antigen seropositivity was present in 13% of patients with OPC and 1% of controls (OR, 17.0; 95% CI, 5.0-74.0, p<0.0001). The probability of seropositivity was inversely associated with the time from serum collection and diagnosis (0-2 years, 84.9; >10 years, 5.4). Abs to CE2 were strongly associated with cases 0-2 years pre-diagnosis (OR, 112.0; 95% CI, 15.0-971.2, p<0.0001).
Conclusion: HPV16 Abs to multiple early viral antigens are detectable years prior to diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer, and the probability of seropositivity increases closer to diagnosis. A model for screening would help identify individuals at risk for whom interventions and surveillance may be evaluated.
Citation Format: Karen S. Anderson, Hilde Langseth, Garrick Wallstrom, Marshall Posner, Julia N. Cheng, Rizwan Alam, Diego Chowell, Jon Mork. Association of a serum HPV16 IgG signature and risk of oropharyngeal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1566. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1566
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon Mork
- 4Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Anderson KS, Dahlstrom KR, Cheng JN, Alam R, Li G, Wei Q, Gross ND, Chowell D, Posner M, Sturgis EM. HPV16 antibodies as risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer and their association with tumor HPV and smoking status. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:662-7. [PMID: 25957822 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies (Abs) to the HPV16 proteome increase risk for HPV-associated OPC (HPVOPC). The goal of this study was to investigate the association of a panel of HPV16 Abs with risk for OPC as well as the association of these Abs with tumor HPV and smoking status among patients with OPC. METHODS IgG Abs to the HPV16 antigens E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, L1, L2 were quantified using a programmable ELISA assay. Sera were obtained from 258 OPC patients at diagnosis and 250 healthy controls. HPV16 tumor status was measured by PCR for 137 cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for the association of HPV16 Abs with risk for OPC. RESULTS HPV16 E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7 and L1-specific IgG levels were elevated in OPC patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). After multivariable adjustment, Ab positivity for NE2, CE2, E6, and/or E7 was associated with OPC risk (OR [95% CI], 249.1 [99.3-624.9]). Among patients with OPC, Ab positivity for these antigens was associated with tumor HPV status, especially among never or light smokers (OR [95% CI], 6.5 [2.1-20.1] and OR [95% CI], 17.5 [4.0-77.2], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Antibodies to HPV16 proteins are associated with increased risk for HPVOPC. Among patients with OPC, HPV16 Abs are associated with tumor HPV status, in particular among HPV positive patients with no or little smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Anderson
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
| | - Kristina R Dahlstrom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia N Cheng
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Rizwan Alam
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Neil D Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diego Chowell
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational, and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Marshall Posner
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Alam R, Tripathi M, Mansoori N, Parveen S, Luthra K, Lakshmy R, Sharma S, Arulselvi S, Mukhopadhyay AK. Synergistic epistasis of paraoxonase 1 (rs662 and rs85460) and apolipoprotein E4 genes in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:769-76. [PMID: 24965284 PMCID: PMC10852837 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514539541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism and epistasis play a role in etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). In this case-control study, a total of 241 patients were included in the study to see the effect of paraoxonase 1 (PON1; rs662 and rs85460) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genes in altering the odds of having AD and VaD along with serum PON and lipid profile. The presence of at least 1 variant allele of rs662, but not rs85460, increased the risk of having AD by 1.8-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-3.40) and VaD by 3.09-fold (95% CI: 1.4-6.9). The interaction between PON1 genes (rs662 and rs85460) and ApoE genes showed synergistic epistasis in altering the odds of significantly having both AD and VaD. On the other hand, low serum level of high-density lipoprotein and low level of serum PON activity were found associated significantly (P ≤ .001 in both cases) only in patients with VaD as compared to healthy control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Alam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasim Mansoori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
- Department of Cardiac biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhadra Sharma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Asok K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Katchman BA, Alam R, Wallstrom G, LaBaer J, Hollingsworth MA, Cramer DW, Anderson KS. Abstract 881: Identification of autoantibody biomarkers to wild-type and mutant p53 in pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Mutations in TP53 are common in early pancreatic and ovarian cancer development, and are detected in the majority of pancreatic cancers (75%) and serous ovarian cancers (97%). Mutations in TP53 induce autoantibody (AAb) immune responses, which may be biomarkers for the early detection of these cancers. The most common mutations in p53 occur in the DNA binding domain at residues that directly contact the DNA (Arg175, 248, and 273). In contrast, preliminary studies suggest that mutations in the N- and C- termini of p53 alter the thermodynamic stability of p53, leading to increased accumulation in tumors. It is not known if the location of the mutations impacts immunogenicity, or if p53-AAb are specific to mutant p53 proteins.
Methods:
To evaluate AAb to mutant p53 proteins, we generated custom programmable protein microarrays displaying 52 common p53 point mutations. cDNAs encoding full-length p53 with c-terminal GST tags were printed on arrays with anti-GST antibody, and transcribed and translated in situ using HeLa expression lysate. The microarrays were screened with sera from pancreatic cancer cases (Stage I-III, n=60), healthy and benign disease controls (n=63), ovarian cancer cases (n=19) and controls (n=17). Bound IgG was detected by fluorescence. For validation, four immunogenic mutant p53 proteins Arg248Met, Pro278Ser, Arg213Leu, Gly187Ser and wild-type p53 were individually displayed in 96-well format using a programmable ELISA. The ELISAs were re-screened with a subset of the sera from pancreatic cancer cases (n=49) and controls (n=47) and all of the ovarian cancer cases and controls. Cutoff values were established to determine if a patient is positive for all wild-type and mutant p53 AAb by measuring the mean antigen florescence intensity +2 standard deviations of the controls.
Results:
AAb were detected to all four mutant and wild-type p53 proteins in sera from 8/49 (16%) of pancreatic cases and 2/47 (4.2%) of pancreatic controls, but the results were not statistically significant. In comparison, AAb to all four mutant and wild-type p53 proteins were identified in sera from 8/19 (42%) of ovarian cases and 0/17 (0%) of healthy control women (p ≤ 0.005). All sera with AAb to mutant p53 also had measurable AAb to wild-type p53 protein. All patients with immune responses had evidence of broad-reactivity to at least at least two mutant p53 proteins, as well as to wild-type p53.
Conclusion:
Our results indicate that patients with serum AAb to wild type p53 protein also have AAb to multiple mutant p53 antigens, suggesting degeneracy of the epitope specificity. No patients have been identified with AAb specific to mutant-only p53. We observed inter-patient variation in the patterns of immune reactivity to p53 mutations that is of unclear significance. Correlation with tumor p53 mutation status is ongoing.
Citation Format: Benjamin A. Katchman, Rizwan Alam, Garrick Wallstrom, Joshua LaBaer, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Daniel W. Cramer, Karen S. Anderson. Identification of autoantibody biomarkers to wild-type and mutant p53 in pancreatic and ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 881. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-881
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Mansoori N, Tripathi M, Alam R, Luthra K, Sharma S, Lakshmy R, Kalaivani M, Mukhopadhyay AK. Serum folic acid and RFC A80G polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:38-44. [PMID: 24554143 PMCID: PMC11008135 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513505131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low level of vitamin B12 and folic acid has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 were assayed in 80 AD and 50 VaD cases and in 120 healthy controls. The reduced folate carrier (RFC1) gene, rs1051266, which encodes the RFC 1, protein was analyzed for polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. It was observed that the patients having folic acid <8.45 ng/mL had 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-4.5) times higher odds of having AD and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.1-4.2) times higher odds of having VaD than patients having folic acid ≥8.45 ng/mL. Serum vitamin B12 level did not show any such statistically significant effect in altering the odds. No direct association was found between variant (G) allele or genotype of rs1051266 with AD and VaD cases. On serum folate level no association was observed with gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Mansoori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rizwan Alam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mani Kalaivani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asok K. Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ali S, Hossain Z, Mahmood S, Alam R. Purification of glucoamylase fromAspergillus terreus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 6:431-3. [PMID: 24430147 DOI: 10.1007/bf01202129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/1990] [Revised: 04/27/1990] [Accepted: 05/11/1990] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Glucoamylase from a rice bran culture ofAspergillus terreus was purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and concanavatin A-Sepharose. A homogenous monomer resulted after SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The enzyme was a glycoprotein, molecular weight, 86,000 with 7.5% (w/w) carbohydrate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dhaka, 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Dakhama A, Collins ML, Ohnishi H, Goleva E, Leung DYM, Alam R, Sutherland ER, Martin RJ, Gelfand EW. IL-13-producing BLT1-positive CD8 cells are increased in asthma and are associated with airway obstruction. Allergy 2013; 68:666-73. [PMID: 23573812 DOI: 10.1111/all.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of CD8 T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of asthma is not well understood. We investigated whether a subset of IL-13-producing BLT1-positive CD8 T lymphocytes are present in asthmatic airways and are associated with impaired lung function. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were obtained from asthmatic (n = 39) and healthy control (n = 28) subjects. Cells were stimulated with phorbol ester and ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A and stained for CD8, BLT1, and intracellular IL-13. The frequency of IL-13-producing BLT1-positive CD8 T lymphocytes was compared between the two groups and related to lung function, serum IgE levels, and reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness. RESULTS A subset of CD8 T lymphocytes expressing BLT1 and producing IL-13 were detected in the airways of all asthmatic subjects. The frequency of this subset among recovered lymphocytes was significantly higher in the airways of asthmatic subjects compared with controls (mean ± SEM: 16.2 ± 1.4 vs 5.3 ± 0.5, respectively, P < 0.001) and correlated positively with serum IgE levels and RBM thickness. More importantly, the frequency of CD8 T lymphocytes co-expressing BLT1 and IL-13 was inversely related to FEV1 and FEF[25-75] percent predicted values (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A subset of CD8 T lymphocytes expressing BLT1 and producing IL-13 is present in the airways of asthmatics. The accumulation of these cells is associated with airway obstruction, suggesting that they may play a significant pathogenic role in bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dakhama
- Department of Pediatrics; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
| | - M. L. Collins
- Department of Pediatrics; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
| | - H. Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
| | - E. Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
| | - D. Y. M. Leung
- Department of Pediatrics; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
| | - R. Alam
- Department of Medicine; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
| | | | - R. J. Martin
- Department of Medicine; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
| | - E. W. Gelfand
- Department of Pediatrics; National Jewish Health; Denver; CO; USA
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Tiwari P, Dwivedi R, Mansoori N, Alam R, Chauhan UK, Tripathi M, Mukhopadhyay AK. Do gene polymorphism in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 influence therapeutic response in patients with drug refractory epilepsy? Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:261-7. [PMID: 22578659 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an important pathophysiological role in patients with epilepsy. To understand the role of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines in epilepsy, this study aimed to evaluate the polymorphisms of the promoter regions of IL-1β-511C>T (rs16944), TNF-α-308G>A (rs1800629) and IL-6-174G>C (rs1800795) genes and to look into the interaction between these genes in influencing seizure susceptibility, seizure frequency and response to therapy. METHODS The comparative frequency of polymorphism was determined in rs16944, rs1800629 and rs1800795 using PCR-RFLP in a group of 120 persons with epilepsy (PWE) and 110 ethnically matched healthy subjects of comparable age and sex in the North Indian population. RESULTS Alleles and genotypes of rs16944, rs1800629 and rs1800795 were not found to influence the odds ratio of having susceptibility to epilepsy. Also gene-gene interaction of possible nine combinations of these genes did not show any positive association with epilepsy. The genotype and allelic frequency of rs1800795 showed a significant association (p<0.05) in seizure frequency (number of seizures/6-months) and drug refractory epilepsy. However, the genotype and allelic frequency of rs16944 and rs1800629 were not found to have such effect. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the rs16944, rs1800629 and rs1800795 polymorphism does not act as a strong susceptibility factor for epilepsy in North Indian population. The genotypic association of rs1800795 with seizure frequency and drug-refractory epilepsy raises the issue that a specific set of polymorphic genes can influence seizures and therapeutic response in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Tiwari
- Center for Biotechnology, School of Environmental Biology, Awahdesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa 486003, India
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Alam R, Goplen N, Karim Z, Guo L, Zhuang Y, Huang H, Gorska M, Gelfand E, Pages G, Pouyssgur J. A Non-redundant Role of ERK1 in Th2 Cell Differentiation, Survival and Development of Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Goleva E, Harris J, Martin R, Dakhama A, Alam R, Gelfand E, Leung D. Asthma Control And Disordered Microbial Communities In The Lower Airways Of Patients With Poorly Controlled Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chen Z, Wang S, Bai C, Alam R, Katial R, Huang H. Il-4, But Not Il-2, Induces Th2 Cells To Resist The Il-27 Counterregulation By Downregulating Stat1 Phosphorylation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guo L, Chen C, Gorska M, Alam R. Sprouty2 is a Novel Regulator of T cell Activation and Differentiation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alam R, Munna G, Chowdhury MAI, Sarkar MSKA, Ahmed M, Rahman MT, Jesmin F, Toimoor MA. Feasibility study of rainwater harvesting system in Sylhet City. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184:573-80. [PMID: 21416213 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In rural areas in Bangladesh, groundwater is the principal source of water supply. This underground water is available in considerable amount in shallow aquifers. It is free from pathogenic microorganisms and hence water-borne diseases. In plain lands, other than hilly areas, water supply to 97% rural population comes from tube-wells, which is regarded to be a phenomenal achievement in preserving public health. Besides, a dependable water supply system all throughout the country is offset by two factors: (a) high salinity in surface plus groundwater in coastal areas; (b) want of suitable groundwater aquifers in hilly areas and the high cost of setting up tube-wells due to deep underground water table and stony layers. However, presence of arsenic in underground water now poses a serious threat to the success once made in water supply by setting up of manually operated tube-wells in the village areas-the achievement is now on the brink of total collapse. In about 61 districts out of 64, presence of arsenic exceeds a quantity of 0.05 mg/1, a permissible limit as per Bangladeshi water quality standard. Harvesting rainwater can be a pragmatic solution to this problem, which is common in many places in Sylhet especially in the hilly areas on the north eastern part of the city. This can be an alternative source of drinking water because of availability of rainwater from March to October. Heavy rain occurs from end of May till mid September, which is commonly known as the rainy season. This paper focuses on the possibility of harvesting rainwater in rural communities and thickly populated urban areas of Sylhet. It also demonstrates the scopes of harvesting rainwater using simple and low-cost technology. With setting up of a carefully planned rainwater storage tank, a family can have all of its drinking water from rain. Planned use of rainwater through rainwater harvesting in the roof catchments may fulfill the entire annual domestic water demand of a family in the rural areas of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alam
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
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Mansoori N, Tripathi M, Luthra K, Alam R, Lakshmy R, Sharma S, Arulselvi S, Parveen S, Mukhopadhyay AK. MTHFR (677 and 1298) and IL-6-174 G/C genes in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and vascular dementia and their epistatic interaction. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:1003.e1-8. [PMID: 22015309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic risk factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). In this case-control study, we examined C677T and A1298C (rs1801133 and rs1801131) polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes and their correlation with plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) in AD and VaD cases and evaluated the gene-gene interaction (epistasis) with IL-6-174 G/C (rs1800795). CC genotype was associated with elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (p = 0.004) as compared with genotype AA of rs1801131. In AD, we observed a significant (p = 0.04) association with C alleles of rs1801131. Regression analysis revealed that the presence of both rs1801133 T and rs1800795 C alleles increased the odds of developing AD by 2.5 and VaD by 3.7-fold. While rs1800795 (CC or GC) genotypes alone increased the odds of developing VaD by 2.2-fold, the presence of CC genotype of rs1801131 nullified this effect. The findings support the hypothesis that multiple genes are involved to alter the odds of developing AD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Mansoori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Mansoori N, Tripathi M, Alam R, Luthra K, Ramakrishnan L, Parveen S, Mukhopadhyay AK. IL-6-174 G/C and ApoE gene polymorphisms in Alzheimer's and vascular dementia patients attending the cognitive disorder clinic of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2011; 30:461-8. [PMID: 21252539 DOI: 10.1159/000321666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remarkable improvement in the life expectancy of the Indian population is expected to commensurate with the increase in number of dementia cases. Among various types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are common and widely studied. We evaluated the role of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-174 G/C gene polymorphism along with serum IL-6 levels in AD and VaD patients. METHODS The polymorphisms in ApoE and IL-6-174 G/C genes were assessed using RFLP. Serum IL-6 level was measured by ELISA. RESULTS The allele ε4 of the ApoE gene was found to be associated with AD and VaD patients (p < 0.05). No association of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism was observed in AD patients, while the IL-6-174 C allele increased the odds of having VaD twofold. Regression analysis to assess possible interaction between ApoE and the IL-6-174 G/C genes revealed that presence of both the ε4 and C alleles increased the odds of having AD 13.75-fold and VaD 14.7-fold. Serum IL-6 levels did not correlate with either presence or severity of disease among AD or VaD patients. CONCLUSION The ApoE ε4 allele is an important genetic marker for AD and VaD. Presence of both ApoE ε4 and IL-6 C genes increases the OR of having AD and VaD markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Mansoori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Alam R, Goplen N, Liang Q, Germinaro M, Karim Z. Differential Expression of MAPK Activators and Phosphatases in Acute, Chronic and Tolerant Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang S, Zhuang Y, Erekosima N, Katial R, Alam R, Huang H. Human IL-27 Suppresses Th2 Cell Differentiation Independent of IFN-γ and IL-10. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karim Z, Goplen N, Gorska M, Alam R. Signaling Mechanism of Tolerance following Repetitive Stimulation with a Single Allergen and its Reversal by Stimulation with Multiple Allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) integrate signals from numerous receptors and translate these signals into cell functions. MAPKs are critical for immune cell metabolism, migration, production of pro-inflammatory mediators, survival and differentiation. We provide a concise review of the involvement of MAPK in important cells of the immune system. Certain cell functions, e.g. production of pro-inflammatory mediators resolve quickly and may require a transient MAPK activation, other processes such as cell differentiation and long-term survival may require persistent MAPK signal. The persistent MAPK signal is frequently a consequence of positive feedback loops or double negative feedback loops which perpetuate the signal after removal of an external cell stimulus. This self-perpetuated activation of a signalling circuit is a manifestation of its bistability. Bistable systems can exist in 'on' and 'off' states and both states are stable. We have demonstrated the existence of self-perpetuated activation mechanism for ERK1/2 in bronchial epithelial cells. This sustained activation of ERK1/2 supports long-term survival of these cells and primes them for cytokine transcription. ERK1/2 bistability arises from repetitive stimulation of the cell. The repeated stimulation (e.g. repeated viral infection or repeated allergen exposure) seems to be a common theme in asthma and other chronic illnesses. We thus hypothesize that the self-perpetuated ERK1/2 signal plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Yatsu F, Alam R, Alam S, Bui G. Brain Endothelial Cells, Atherosclerosis and Thromboembolism. Cerebrovasc Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1159/000107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ostroukhova M, Liang Q, Goplen N, Alam R. Switching of Glucose Metabolism from Oxidative Phosphorylation to Aerobic Glycolysis (the Warburg Effect) in T-Cells from Patients with Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gogate S, Liang Q, Hanifi A, Gorska M, Alam R. T cells from Allergic Asthmatic Patients are Inherently Resistant to nTreg and TGFβ-mediated Suppression: the Importance of the ERK1/2 of Signaling Pathway. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu DH, Shaffer AD, Thompson DM, Yang Z, Magnotta VA, Alam R, Suri J, Yuh WTC, Mayr NA. Iterative active deformational methodology for tumor delineation: Evaluation across radiation treatment stage and volume. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 28:1188-94. [PMID: 18972365 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce, implement, and assess an iterative modification to the active deformational image segmentation method as applied to cervical cancer tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparison by Jaccard similarity (JS) between this active deformational method and manual segmentation was performed on tumors of various sizes across preradiation, 3 weeks postradiation, and 6 weeks postradiation using a General Linear Mixed Model across 121 studies from 52 patients with Stage IIB-IV cervical cancers. RESULTS The deformable segmentation method produced promising levels of agreement including JS factors of 0.71+/-0.11 in the preradiation studies. The analysis illustrated a rate of improvement in JS with increasing tumor volume that differed between the preradiation and 6 weeks postradiation stage (P=0.0474). In the large preradiated tumors each additional cm3 of volume was associated with an increase or improvement in JS of 0.0008 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0003, 0.0014). In the smaller postradiation tumors, each additional cm3 of volume was associated with a more robust improvement in JS of 0.0046 (95% CI: 0.0009, 0.0082). CONCLUSION Agreement was strongly affected by tumor volume, and its performance was most impacted across volume in the later stages of radiation therapy. The deformation-based segmentation method appears to demonstrate utility for delineating cervical cancer tumors, particularly in the earliest stages of radiation treatment, where agreement is greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
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Alam R, Chowdhury MAI, Hasan GMJ, Karanjit B, Shrestha LR. Generation, storage, collection and transportation of municipal solid waste--a case study in the city of Kathmandu, capital of Nepal. Waste Manag 2008; 28:1088-97. [PMID: 17512184 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 10/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste management (SWM) services have consistently failed to keep up with the vast amount of solid waste produced in urban areas. There is not currently an efficient system in place for the management, storage, collection, and transportation of solid waste. Kathmandu City, an important urban center of South Asia, is no exception. In Kathmandu Metropolitan City, solid waste generation is predicted to be 1091 m(3)/d (245 tons/day) and 1155 m(3)/d (260 tons/day) for the years 2005 and 2006, respectively. The majority (89%) of households in Kathmandu Metropolitan City are willing to segregate the organic and non-organic portions of their waste. Overall collection efficiency was 94% in 2003. An increase in waste collection occurred due to private sector involvement, the shutdown of the second transfer station near the airport due to local protest, a lack of funding to maintain trucks/equipment, a huge increase in plastic waste, and the willingness of people to separate their waste into separate bins. Despite a substantial increase in total expenditure, no additional investments were made to the existing development plan to introduce a modern disposal system due to insufficient funding. Due to the lack of a proper lining, raw solid waste from the existing dumping site comes in contact with river water directly, causing severe river contamination and deteriorating the quality of the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alam
- Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
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Liang Q, Balzar S, Wenzel S, Gorska M, Alam R. Cell-specific Activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in Airway Biopsy Samples from Asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Singhania N, Liang Q, Cool C, Tate R, Alam R. Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIPNECH) in a Patient with Cough and Dyspnea Resistant to Standard Therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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