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Furtado LV, Santiago T, Abramson ZR, Kacar M, Shi Z, Koo SC, Ruiz RE, Mostafavi R, Krasin MJ, Shulkin B, Talbot LJ, Pappo AS, Gartrell J. High-grade osteosarcoma arising from a clinically aggressive infantile fibrosarcoma. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2024-209384. [PMID: 38429093 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2024-209384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V Furtado
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Teresa Santiago
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zachary R Abramson
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marija Kacar
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Selene C Koo
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert E Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roya Mostafavi
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew J Krasin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barry Shulkin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lindsay J Talbot
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto S Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Gartrell
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Furtado LV, Cardenas M, Santiago T, Ruiz RE, Shi Z, Pappo A, Kacar M. Novel MED15::ATF1 fusion in a pediatric melanoma with spitzoid features and aggressive presentation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23230. [PMID: 38459940 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood melanoma is a rare and biologically heterogeneous pediatric malignancy. The differential diagnosis of pediatric melanoma is usually broad, including a wide variety of spindle cell or epithelioid neoplasms. Different molecular alterations affecting the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, tumor suppressor genes, and telomerase reactivation have been implicated in melanoma tumorigenesis and progression. Here, we report a novel MED15::ATF1 fusion in a pediatric melanoma with spitzoid features and an aggressive clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V Furtado
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Cardenas
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Teresa Santiago
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert E Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marija Kacar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Furtado LV, Santiago T, Shi Z, Wang L, Liu YC, Gartrell J, Ruiz RE. Novel HNRNPM::LEUTX fusion resulting from chromothripsis of chromosome 19 in a pediatric undifferentiated small round cell neoplasm. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:740-745. [PMID: 37366242 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Small round cell neoplasms comprise a diverse group of tumors characterized by a primitive/undifferentiated appearance. Although several entities are associated with recurrent gene fusions, many of these neoplasms have not been fully characterized, and novel molecular alterations are being discovered. Here, we report an undifferentiated small round cell neoplasm arising in the anterior mediastinum of a 17-month-old female. The tumor harbored a novel HNRNPM::LEUTX fusion resulting from chromothripsis of chromosome 19, which was identified by whole transcriptome sequencing, but not by targeted sequencing. The structural variations caused by the chromothripsis event also challenged the interpretation of the targeted sequencing findings. This report expands the spectrum of gene partners involved in LEUTX fusions and underscores the value of whole transcriptome sequencing in the diagnostic workup of undifferentiated small round cell tumors. It also highlights the interpretive challenges associated with complex genomic alterations. A careful evidence-based analysis of sequencing data along with histopathologic correlation is essential to ensure correct categorization of fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V Furtado
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Teresa Santiago
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Gartrell
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert E Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Fleming AM, Duffy C, Gartrell J, McCarville MB, Langham MR, Ruiz RE, Santiago T, Murphy AJ. Giant focal nodular hyperplasia with a background of hepatic steatosis in a 14-year-old boy. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac238. [PMID: 35665385 PMCID: PMC9155174 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant focal nodular hyperplasia (GFNH) is rarely seen in children, presenting complex diagnostic and management considerations. Pathognomonic radiographic findings can be absent in this population, and the nuances of pathologic examination are critical. We present a child with a GFNH involving the right side of the liver arising in the background of hepatic steatosis. The details of the diagnosis and therapeutic decisions involved in his treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Fleming
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Caitlyn Duffy
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jessica Gartrell
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Beth McCarville
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Max R Langham
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert E Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Teresa Santiago
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Elbahlawan L, McArthur J, Morin CE, Abdelhafeez H, McCarville MB, Ruiz RE, Srinivasan S, Qudeimat A. Pulmonary Complications in Children Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Diagnostic Approach. Front Oncol 2021; 11:772411. [PMID: 34820335 PMCID: PMC8606675 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary complications are common in children following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and contribute to their morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is essential for management and prevention of progression of lung injury and damage. In many cases, diagnosis can be challenging and may require diagnostic imaging and more invasive testing such as bronchoscopy and lung biopsy. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who developed recurrent episodes of acute respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit admission in the post-HCT phase and describe the diagnostic and multidisciplinary approach for her management. In addition, we review the diagnostic approach of pulmonary complications post-HCT and highlight the utility and risks of bronchoscopy and lung biopsy in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Elbahlawan
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jenny McArthur
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Cara E Morin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Hafeez Abdelhafeez
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - M Beth McCarville
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Robert E Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Saumini Srinivasan
- Division of Pulmonary, University of TN Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amr Qudeimat
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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6
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Pinto EM, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Lam CG, Ruiz RE, Zambetti GP, Ribeiro RC. Adrenocortical Tumors in Children With Constitutive Chromosome 11p15 Paternal Uniparental Disomy: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:756523. [PMID: 34803919 PMCID: PMC8602920 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.756523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare and heterogeneous. Approximately 50% of children with ACT carry a germline TP53 variant; however, the genetic underpinning of remaining cases has not been elucidated. In patients having germline TP53 variants, loss of maternal chromosome 11 and duplication of the paternal copy [paternal uniparental disomy, (UPD)] occurs early in tumorigenesis and explains the overexpression of IGF2, the hallmark of pediatric ACT. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is also associated with overexpression of IGF2 due to disruption of the 11p15 loci, including segmental UPD. Here, we report six children with ACT with wild type TP53 and germline paternal 11p15 UPD. Median age of five girls and one boy was 3.2 years (range 0.5-11 years). Two patients met the criteria for BWS before diagnosis of ACT. However, ACT was the first and only manifestation of paternal 11p15 UPD in four children. Tumor weight ranged from 21.5 g to 550 g. Despite poor prognostic features at presentation, such as pulmonary metastasis, bilateral adrenal involvement, and large tumors, all patients are alive 8-21 years after cancer diagnosis. Our observations suggest that children with ACT and wild type TP53, irrespective of their age, should be screened for germline abnormalities in chromosome 11p15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Modolo Pinto
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Emilia Modolo Pinto,
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Catherine G. Lam
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Robert E. Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gerard P. Zambetti
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Raul C. Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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7
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Chao MM, Levine JE, Ruiz RE, Kohlmann WK, Bower MA, Petty EM, Mody RJ. Malignant triton tumor in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and a novel TP53 mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007; 49:1000-4. [PMID: 16333835 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a 3-year-old boy with a malignant triton tumor (MTT) involving the left masticator space with local invasion and regional lymph node metastasis. Family history and detection of a novel germline TP53 mutation confirmed his diagnosis of Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). MTT has not been previously described in association with LFS. This case along with a comprehensive review of the literature, illustrate the importance of both somatic and germline TP53 mutations in the pathogenesis MTT. The tumor could not be resected and he was successfully treated with intensive induction chemotherapy, irradiation, and high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwe Mwe Chao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0914, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C Thorne
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0241, USA
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Abstract
A 7-year-old boy presented with a 1-year history of back pain radiating to his left scapula and arm, with tenderness to palpation over the area. Laboratory studies were unremarkable. Computed tomographic scan showed a mixed lytic and sclerotic process at the T5-T6 level of the vertebral column in continuity with an adjacent paravertebral soft tissue mass. Nuclear medicine scan demonstrated increased uptake in the T5 vertebral body. Histology revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma infiltrating mature, gliotic neural tissue, with areas of necrosis and prominent perivascular space involvement. Associated vertebral fragments showed bone destruction, reactive bone formation, and fibrosis. By immunohistochemistry, the carcinoma cells were positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 5/6, EMA, and MIC-2 (membranous staining). The mature neural tissue was positive for GFAP; immature neural elements were not identified. Based on morphologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical features, this lesion was diagnosed as invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising within an intravertebral and paravertebral teratoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Jarzembowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Hospitals and Clinics, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Thorson JA, Weigelin HC, Ruiz RE, Howard JK, Lucas DR. Identification of SYT-SSX transcripts from synovial sarcomas using RT-multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:641-7. [PMID: 16547469 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcomas are highly malignant tumors of soft tissue which are characterized by the t(X;18) resulting in SYT-SSX fusion transcript production. Diagnosis of these tumors based on histology can be challenging, particularly when minimal biopsy specimens are presented to the pathologist. Demonstration by molecular methods of SYT-SSX transcripts is a useful adjunct for diagnosis in these situations. We have developed an assay, which combines one-step RT-multiplex PCR with capillary electrophoresis to detect and genotype the SYT-SSX transcripts from synovial sarcomas. Small amplicons from chimeric transcripts as well as GAPD transcripts are differentially labeled with fluorophores, allowing detection and size discrimination by capillary electrophoresis. In a study of 32 formalin-fixed soft tissue tumor specimens, the assay detected chimeric transcripts from 17/22 (77%) synovial sarcomas. All five assay negative specimens yielded no intact RNA as evidenced by lack of a GAPD amplicon. Chimeric transcripts were not detected in 9/9 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors or 1/1 epithelioid sarcoma. Representative amplicons were sequenced and confirmed the genotype results obtained by capillary electrophoresis. One-step RT-multiplex PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis is a rapid and accurate method for the detection and genotypic classification of SYT-SSX transcripts from fixed tissue specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Thorson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile myofibromatosis is the most common fibrous tumor of infancy. It can involve the skin, muscle, bone, and viscera. This uncommon entity is subdivided into solitary and multicentric forms, with or without visceral involvement. OBJECTIVE To describe the imaging characteristics of extracranial myofibromatosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six infants, aged 1 day-1 week, were evaluated by imaging. All six patients had evaluation of one of the masses by US; four patients had CT evaluation of at least one of the masses; and five patients had evaluation by MRI. RESULTS The US appearance of the myofibromas included a mass with a purely anechoic center with a thick wall, a mass with a partially anechoic center, and a mass without anechoic components. On enhanced CT, the masses had lower or similar attenuation compared to adjacent muscle, with some masses exhibiting peripheral enhancement. The MR appearance consisted of low signal on T1-weighted imaging. On T2-weighted imaging, two had low signal of the center and the other three had high signal. All masses showed peripheral enhancement after gadolinium administration. CONCLUSIONS Myofibromas have variable appearance on US, with a mass with an anechoic center being the most common feature. On CT, the mass can exhibit peripheral enhancement, calcifications, and erosion of adjacent bone. The MR appearance consisted of low signal on T1-weighted imaging and high or low signal of the center on T2-weighted imaging. All masses showed peripheral enhancement after gadolinium administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoun Koujok
- Department of Radiology, CS Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive/F3503, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0252, USA
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Abstract
Angiomyolipoma is a tumor of the kidney and, more rarely, the liver, which histologically consists of smooth muscle cells, adipose cells, and abnormal blood vessels in varying proportions. This tumor is generally benign and resection is curative, but here the authors present the case of a 14-year-old girl with an unusual primary hepatic angiomyolipoma that recurred following resection and behaved aggressively. Despite stabilization with a number of novel therapies, the child ultimately died of progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A McKinney
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, CS Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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Lau JJC, Trobe JD, Ruiz RE, Cho RW, Wechsler DS, Shah GV, Gebarski SS. Metastatic neuroblastoma presenting with binocular blindness from intracranial compression of the optic nerves. J Neuroophthalmol 2004; 24:119-24. [PMID: 15179064 DOI: 10.1097/00041327-200406000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old boy with blindness as an isolated symptom was found to have no light perception binocularly because of compression of both optic nerves by a neuroblastoma infiltrating the walls of the optic canals and medial sphenoid bone. Imaging disclosed a primary tumor near the kidney and multiple osseous metastases. Although neuroblastoma commonly causes blindness by metastasis to the orbit, it rarely causes bilateral blindness from intracranial compression of the optic nerves. This is the first report of bilateral blindness as the presenting feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Chan Lau
- Department of Ophthalmology (Kellogg Eye Center), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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Genest DR, Ruiz RE, Weremowicz S, Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP, Dorfman DM. Do nontriploid partial hydatidiform moles exist? A histologic and flow cytometric reevaluation of nontriploid specimens. J Reprod Med 2002; 47:363-8. [PMID: 12068831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether nontriploid partial hydatidiform moles truly exist. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a reevaluation of pathology and ploidy in 19 putative nontriploid partial hydatidiform moles using standardized histologic diagnostic criteria and repeat flow cytometric testing by the Hedley technique. RESULTS On review of the 19 moles, 53% (10/19) were diploid nonpartial moles (initially pathologically misclassified), and 37% (7/19) were triploid partial moles (initial ploidy misclassifications). One additional case (5%) was a diploid early complete mole (initially pathologically misclassified). CONCLUSION Nontriploid partial moles probably do not exist: careful reevaluation of putative specimens will probably uncover pathologic or ploid errors in almost all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Genest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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15
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Chen P, Ruiz RE, Li Q, Silver RF, Bishai WR. Construction and characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant lacking the alternate sigma factor gene, sigF. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5575-80. [PMID: 10992456 PMCID: PMC101508 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.10.5575-5580.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The alternate RNA polymerase sigma factor gene, sigF, which is expressed in stationary phase and under stress conditions in vitro, has been deleted in the virulent CDC1551 strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The growth rate of the DeltasigF mutant was identical to that of the isogenic wild-type strain in exponential phase, although in stationary phase the mutant achieved a higher density than the wild type. The mutant showed increased susceptibility to rifampin and rifapentine. Additionally, the DeltasigF mutant displayed diminished uptake of chenodeoxycholate, and this effect was reversed by complementation with a wild-type sigF gene. No differences in short-term intracellular growth between mutant and wild-type organisms within human monocytes were observed. Similarly, the organisms did not differ in their susceptibilities to lymphocyte-mediated inhibition of intracellular growth. However, mice infected with the DeltasigF mutant showed a median time to death of 246 days compared with 161 days for wild-type strain-infected animals (P < 0.001). These data indicate that M. tuberculosis sigF is a nonessential alternate sigma factor both in axenic culture and for survival in macrophages in vitro. While the DeltasigF mutant produces a lethal infection of mice, it is less virulent than its wild-type counterpart by time-to-death analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. 21205-2179, USA
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Mutter GL, Boynton KA, Faquin WC, Ruiz RE, Jovanovic AS. Allelotype mapping of unstable microsatellites establishes direct lineage continuity between endometrial precancers and cancer. Cancer Res 1996; 56:4483-6. [PMID: 8813144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Progressive microsatellite changes in replication error positive (RER+) endometrium were used to reconstruct evolutionary stages of nonfamilial adenocarcinoma. RER+ putative endometrial precancers (atypical endometrial hyperplasias) progress to RER+ carcinomas, which retain some of the altered microsatellites acquired in earlier precursor stages. The RER+ phenotype may provide a specific marker for early-stage endometrial neoplasms that cannot be resolved by routine histopathology and may be a useful tool to stratify stages in the evolution of RER+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Mutter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Nonhuman primates represent phylogenetic intermediates for studying the divergence of human and murine beta 2Ms. We report the nucleotide sequences of B2m cDNA clones from a baboon cell line, 26CB-1 (Papio hamadryas; primates: Cercopithecoidea), and a cotton-top tamarin cell line, 1605L (Saguinus oedipus; primates: Ceboidea). The baboon and tamarin B2m sequences indicate a very slow rate of B2m evolution in primates relative to that in murid rodents. Phenotypic evolution of beta 2M has also been very conservative in primates, with only 9-14 substitutions separating baboon or tamarin beta 2Ms from those of humans or orangutans. Analyses of silent and amino-acid-altering nucleotide substitutions provide evidence that negative selection has acted to limit variability in beta strands of primate beta 2Ms, while positive selection has promoted diversity in non-beta-strand regions of murine beta 2Ms. No evidence for the action of selection upon beta 2M residues that contact the class I heavy chain was found in primates or mice. The finding that different selective forces have operated upon primate and murine beta 2Ms suggests that beta 2M may have evolved to serve distinct functions in primates and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Ruiz
- Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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18
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Storkus WJ, Salter RD, Alexander J, Ward FE, Ruiz RE, Cresswell P, Dawson JR. Class I-induced resistance to natural killing: identification of nonpermissive residues in HLA-A2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:5989-92. [PMID: 2068075 PMCID: PMC52007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.14.5989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural characteristics of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens associated with natural killer (NK)-resistance phenomena were examined. Previous research has shown that transfection of class I genomic DNA clones into class I-deficient, NK-sensitive target cell lines results in transfectants exhibiting class I+, NK-resistant phenotypes. In contrast to the HLA-A3, -B7, -B27, and -Bw58 class I molecules, the HLA-A2 class I molecules were shown not to protect target cells from NK activity. Here we show that this nonprotective phenotype maps to the alpha 1 domain of the HLA-A2 molecule by examining the NK-protective capacity of the natural interdomain recombinant HLA-Aw69 molecule. HLA-Aw69, which consists of an alpha 1 domain exhibiting homology with HLA-Aw68, and alpha 2/alpha 3/transmembrane-cytoplasmic domains, exhibiting homologies with HLA-A2, mimics HLA-Aw68 and provides HLA-A,B null target cell (C1R) transfectants with increased resistance to NK. Further, the inability of transfected HLA-A2 to confer protection against NK activity can be completely attributed to the expression of a "nonpermissive" residue at position 74 in the alpha 1 domain. Site-directed mutation of the His-74 residue in HLA-A2 to the Asp-74 (HLA-A3, -Aw68, -Aw69, -B7) residue generates a mutant that provides C1R cell line transfectants an NK-resistant phenotype. As His-74 blocks access to a side pocket in the HLA-A2 antigen-binding cleft, these results support the critical involvement of residues within the peptide-binding groove of class I molecules in determining the NK susceptibility phenotype of class I+ target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Storkus
- Department of Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Abstract
The HLA-B5,B35 cross-reacting group is a large and serologically complex antigen family which includes the World Health Organization-recognized specificities HLA-B5,B51,Bw52,B35,Bw53,B18,Bw70,Bw71, and Bw72. In addition, several variants of antigens in this cross-reacting group have been described in the past but have not yet gained official recognition. A genetic basis for the complexity and the protein and molecular bases of this highly cross-reactive and polymorphic cross-reacting group have yet to be established. The potential contributions of shared amino acid sequences, the occurrence of multiple epitopes on a single HLA-B molecule, and the presence of new HLA-C antigens have been difficult to resolve. To address this issue, we have carefully examined the serologic reactions of more than 900 allo- and monoclonal antibodies (Tenth International Workshop, Third Asia-Oceanic Workshop, and local reagents) versus lymphocytes from 92 individuals of diverse ethnic origin (North American Caucasians, North American blacks, Amerindians, Middle Eastern Caucasians), 84 of whom were informative for the HLA-B5,B35 cross-reacting group and related antigens. Our results demonstrate that the HLA-B5,B35 gene products share different combinations of distinct epitopes. We have constructed a model for the evolution of this cross-reacting group by assigning polarity to distinct diversification steps utilizing principles of maximum parsimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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