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Barger SD, Lininger MR, Trotter RT, Mbegbu M, Kyman S, Tucker-Morgan K, Wood C, Coyne B, Russakoff B, Ceniceros K, Padilla C, Maltinsky S, Pearson T. Cross-sectional study of the association of social relationship resources with Staphylococcus aureus colonization in naturally occurring social groups along the US/Mexico border. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284400. [PMID: 37053196 PMCID: PMC10101449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for subsequent clinical infection. Diminishing returns from mitigation efforts emphasize the need to better understand colonization, spread, and transmission of this opportunistic pathogen. While contact with other people presents opportunities for pathogen exposure and transmission, diversity of social connections may be protective against pathogens such as the common cold. This study examined whether social relationship resources, including the amount and diversity of social contacts, are associated with S. aureus colonization. Participants were community members (N = 443; 68% Hispanic) in naturally occurring social groups in southwestern Arizona. Four types of social relationships and loneliness were assessed, and samples from the skin, nose and throat were obtained to ascertain S. aureus colonization. Overall S. aureus prevalence was 64.8%. Neither the amount nor the diversity of social contacts were associated with S. aureus colonization. The concurrent validity of the social relationship assessments was supported by their moderate intercorrelations and by their positive association with self-rated health. The results suggest that the association of social network diversity and susceptibility to the common cold does not extend to S. aureus colonization. Conversely, colonization prevalence was not higher among those with more social contacts. The latter pattern suggests that social transmission may be relatively infrequent or that more intimate forms of social interaction may drive transmission and colonization resulting in high community prevalence of S. aureus colonization. These data inform communicable disease control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Barger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Monica R. Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Trotter
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Mimi Mbegbu
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Shari Kyman
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | | | - Colin Wood
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Briana Coyne
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Russakoff
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Kathya Ceniceros
- Northern Arizona University, Yuma, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Cristina Padilla
- Northern Arizona University, Yuma, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sara Maltinsky
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
| | - Talima Pearson
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
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Lininger MR, Kirby C, Laurila KA, Roy I, Coder M, Propper CR, Trotter RT, Baldwin JA. Building Research Infrastructure: The Development of a Technical Assistance Group-Service Center at an RCMI. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:191. [PMID: 36612513 PMCID: PMC9819411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the Research Centers for Minority Institutions (RCMI), the Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative (SHERC) worked over the first five-year period of funding to foster the advancement of Early Stage Investigators, enhance the quality of health disparities research, and increase institution research capacity in basic Biomedical, Behavioral, and/or Clinical research; all priorities of RCMIs. In year 4, the Technical Assistance Group-Service Center (TAG-SC) was created to help achieve these goals. The TAG-SC provides one-on-one investigator project development support, including research design, data capture, and analysis. Successful implementation of the TAG-SC was tracked using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), a secure, web-based software platform allowing for immediate tracking and evaluation processes. In the first two years, 86 tickets were submitted through the REDCap system for methodological support by TAG-SC experts (faculty and staff) for assistance with health-equity related research, primarily SHERC and externally funded Social/Behavioral research projects. The TAG-SC increased the research capacity for investigators, especially within the SHERC. In this manuscript, we describe the methods used to create the TAG-SC and the REDCap tracking system and lessons learned, which can help other RCMIs interested in creating a similar service center offering an innovative way to build methodological infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R. Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Christine Kirby
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kelly A. Laurila
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Indrakshi Roy
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Marcelle Coder
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Catherine R. Propper
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Robert T. Trotter
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Julie A. Baldwin
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Tchounwou PB, Malouhi M, Ofili EO, Fernández-Repollet E, Sarpong DF, Yanagihara R, Aguilera RJ, Ayón C, Chen X, Dasmahapatra A, Gao S, Hinton CV, Holt R, Kolesnichenko V, Powell MD, Merchant F, Redda KK, Roche-Lima A, Shikuma CM, Stevens JJ, Torres JA, Trotter RT, Wachira J, Wang P, Wells KJ, White J, Wu Y. Research Infrastructure Core Facilities at Research Centers in Minority Institutions: Part I-Research Resources Management, Operation, and Best Practices. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16979. [PMID: 36554864 PMCID: PMC9779820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Program fosters the development and implementation of innovative research aimed at improving minority health and reducing or eliminating health disparities. Currently, there are 21 RCMI Specialized (U54) Centers that share the same framework, comprising four required core components, namely the Administrative, Research Infrastructure, Investigator Development, and Community Engagement Cores. The Research Infrastructure Core (RIC) is fundamentally important for biomedical and health disparities research as a critical function domain. This paper aims to assess the research resources and services provided and evaluate the best practices in research resources management and networking across the RCMI Consortium. We conducted a REDCap-based survey and collected responses from 57 RIC Directors and Co-Directors from 98 core leaders. Our findings indicated that the RIC facilities across the 21 RCMI Centers provide access to major research equipment and are managed by experienced faculty and staff who provide expert consultative and technical services. However, several impediments to RIC facilities operation and management have been identified, and these are currently being addressed through implementation of cost-effective strategies and best practices of laboratory management and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Mohamad Malouhi
- RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Elizabeth O. Ofili
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Emma Fernández-Repollet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Daniel F. Sarpong
- Office of Health Equity Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics & Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- RCMI Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Cecilia Ayón
- School of Public Policy, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Asok Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Center for Biomedical and Minority Health Research, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Cimona V. Hinton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Robert Holt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | | | - Michael D. Powell
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Fatima Merchant
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Kinfe K. Redda
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Cecilia M. Shikuma
- Department of Pediatrics & Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jacqueline J. Stevens
- RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Jose A. Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA
| | - Robert T. Trotter
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - James Wachira
- RCMI Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Paul Wang
- Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Kristen J. Wells
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jason White
- RCMI Center for Biomedical Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Russakoff B, Wood C, Lininger MR, Barger SD, Trotter RT, Maltinsky S, Mbegbu M, Coyne B, Yague DP, Kyman S, Tucker-Morgan K, Ceniceros K, Padilla C, Hurtado K, Menard A, Villa F, Wayment HA, Hepp C, Furstenau T, Fofanov V, Liu CM, Pearson TR. A quantitative assessment of Staphylococcus aureus community carriage in Yuma, Arizona. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:1031-1041. [PMID: 36322556 PMCID: PMC10132766 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Disease control relies on pathogen identification and understanding reservoirs. Staphylococcus aureus infection prevention is based upon decades of research on colonization and infection, but diminishing returns from mitigation efforts suggest significant knowledge gaps. Existing knowledge and mitigation protocols are founded upon culture-based detection, with almost no information about pathogen quantities. We employed a qPCR assay on samples from three body sites to characterize colonization more comprehensively than previous studies by describing both prevalence and pathogen quantity. We show a much higher overall prevalence (65.9%) than previously documented, with higher quantities and prevalence associated with the nares, non-Hispanic males (86.9%), and correlating with colonization in other body sites. These results suggest that research and clinical practices likely misclassify over half of colonized persons, limiting mitigation measures and their impact. This work begins the process of rebuilding foundational knowledge of S. aureus carriage with more accurate and wholistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Russakoff
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Colin Wood
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Monica R Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Steven D Barger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Robert T Trotter
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Sara Maltinsky
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Mimi Mbegbu
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Briana Coyne
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - David Panisello Yague
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Shari Kyman
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Hurtado
- Northern Arizona University-Yuma , Yuma, Arizona , USA
| | - Ashley Menard
- Northern Arizona University-Yuma , Yuma, Arizona , USA
| | | | - Heidi A Wayment
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Crystal Hepp
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
- Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute , Flagstaff, AZ , USA
| | - Tara Furstenau
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Viacheslav Fofanov
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
| | - Cindy M Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Talima R Pearson
- Pathogen & Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff, Arizona , USA
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5
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Eaves ER, Trotter RT, Marquez B, Negron K, Doerry E, Mensah D, Compton-Gore KA, Lanzetta SA, Kruithoff K, Dykman K, Baldwin JA. Possibilities and constraints of rapid online ethnography: Lessons from a rapid assessment of COVID-19 policy for people who use drugs. Front Sociol 2022; 7:959642. [PMID: 36072500 PMCID: PMC9441939 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.959642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care provision changed rapidly and funding became available to assess pandemic-related policy change. Research activities, however, were limited to contactless, online delivery. It was clear early on that some elements of online rapid ethnography were feasible and effective, while others would not approach traditional ethnographic depth. We conducted an online Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE) project from August 2020 to September 2021 to understand how COVID-19 policy impacted people who use drugs. Our interdisciplinary research team conducted online ethnographic interviews and focus groups with 45 providers and community stakeholders, and 19 clients from rural and urban areas throughout Arizona. In addition, 26 webinars, online trainings, and virtual conferences focused on opioid policy and medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) were opportunities to observe conversations among providers and program representatives about how best to implement policy changes, how to reach people in recovery, and what aspects of the changes should carry forward into better all-around opioid services in the future. Our RARE project was successful in collecting a range of providers' perspectives on both rural and urban implementation of take-home MOUDs as well as a wide view of national conversations, but client perspectives were limited to those who were not impacted by the policies and continued to attend in-person daily clinic visits. We describe challenges to online rapid ethnography and how online research may have allowed for an in-depth, but incomplete picture of how policy changes during COVID-19 policy affected people with opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery R. Eaves
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Robert T. Trotter
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Bonnie Marquez
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Kayla Negron
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Eck Doerry
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - David Mensah
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Kate A. Compton-Gore
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Shana A. Lanzetta
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Kathryn Kruithoff
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Dykman
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Julie A. Baldwin
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
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Eaves ER, Camplain RL, Lininger MR, Trotter RT. Adverse Childhood Experiences in relation to drug and alcohol use in the 30 days prior to incarceration in a county jail. Int J Prison Health 2021; 17:142-155. [PMID: 34745314 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-06-2020-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To characterize the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use among people incarcerated in a county jail. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals incarcerated in a Southwest county jail as part of a social-epidemiological exploration of converging co-morbidities in incarcerated populations. Among 96 participants with complete ACEs data, the authors determined associations between individual ACEs items and a summative score with methamphetamine (meth), heroin, other opiates, and cocaine use and binge drinking in the 30 days prior to incarceration using logistic regression. Findings People who self-reported use of methamphetamine, heroin, other opiates, or cocaine in the 30 days prior to incarceration had higher average ACEs scores. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with living with anyone who served time in a correctional facility and with someone trying to make them touch sexually. Opiate use was significantly associated with living with anyone who was depressed, mentally ill, or suicidal; living with anyone who used illegal street drugs or misused prescription medications; and if an adult touched them sexually. Binge drinking was significantly associated with having lived with someone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic. Originality Significant associations between methamphetamine use and opiate use and specific adverse childhood experiences suggest important entry points for improving jail and community programming. Social Implications Our findings point to a need for research to understand differences between methamphetamine use and opiate use in relation to particular adverse experiences during childhood, and a need for tailored intervention for people incarcerated in jail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery R Eaves
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University
| | - Ricky L Camplain
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University
| | - Monica R Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University
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Camplain R, Lininger MR, Baldwin JA, Trotter RT. Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Individuals Incarcerated in an Arizona County Jail. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18137007. [PMID: 34208981 PMCID: PMC8297210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity among a sample of individuals incarcerated in an Arizona county jail and compare prevalence estimates to a matched non-institutionalized population. From 2017–2018, individuals housed at a county jail completed a cross-sectional health survey. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and self-reported health among individuals incarcerated. We compared prevalence estimates of cardiovascular risk factors to a matched sample of 2017–2018 NHANES participants. Overall, 35.9%, 7.7%, and 17.8% of individuals incarcerated in jail self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, respectively. Of individuals incarcerated, 59.6% were overweight or obese and 36.8% self-reported fair or poor general health. Over half of individuals incarcerated reported ever smoking cigarettes (72.3%) and binge drinking (60.7%). Compared to a matched sample of NHANES participants, individuals incarcerated in jail had a statistically higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors and providing preventive measures and interventions, such as healthy eating, physical activity, or pharmacological adherence interventions, while individuals are incarcerated may contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors and, eventually, cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Camplain
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.A.B.); (R.T.T.II)
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-928-523-5165
| | - Monica R. Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | - Julie A. Baldwin
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.A.B.); (R.T.T.II)
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Robert T. Trotter
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.A.B.); (R.T.T.II)
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Baldwin JA, Trotter RT, Remiker M, Buck CL, Aguirre A, Milner T, Torres E, Hippel FAV. A Community-Engaged Approach to Environmental Health Research: Process and Lessons Learned. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2021; 15:533-540. [DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2021.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Camplain R, Camplain C, Trotter RT, Pro G, Sabo S, Eaves E, Peoples M, Baldwin JA. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Drug- and Alcohol-Related Arrest Outcomes in a Southwest County From 2009 to 2018. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:S85-S92. [PMID: 31967892 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To estimate the association between race/ethnicity and drug- and alcohol-related arrest outcomes.Methods. We used multinomial logistic regression and general estimating equations to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and arrest outcomes in 36 073 drug- and alcohol-related arrests obtained from administrative records in a Southwest US county from 2009 to 2018. Results were stratified by charge type.Results. Among misdemeanor drug- and alcohol-related arrests, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.32, 3.90), Latino (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.73), and Black persons (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.55) were more likely than White persons to be booked into jail as opposed to cited and released. AI/AN (AOR = 10.77; 95% CI = 9.40, 12.35), Latino (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 2.12, 3.28), and Black persons (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.84) also were more likely than White persons to be convicted and serve time for their misdemeanor charges. Results were similar for felony drug- and alcohol-related arrests aggregated and stratified.Conclusions. Our results suggest that race/ethnicity is associated with outcomes in drug-related arrests and that overrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system cannot be attributed to greater use of drugs and alcohol in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Camplain
- Ricky Camplain, Samantha Sabo, and Julie A. Baldwin are with the Department of Health Sciences and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Carolyn Camplain and George Pro, PhD are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Robert T. Trotter II and Emery Eaves are with the Department of Anthropology and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Marie Peoples is with Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Carolyn Camplain
- Ricky Camplain, Samantha Sabo, and Julie A. Baldwin are with the Department of Health Sciences and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Carolyn Camplain and George Pro, PhD are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Robert T. Trotter II and Emery Eaves are with the Department of Anthropology and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Marie Peoples is with Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Robert T Trotter
- Ricky Camplain, Samantha Sabo, and Julie A. Baldwin are with the Department of Health Sciences and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Carolyn Camplain and George Pro, PhD are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Robert T. Trotter II and Emery Eaves are with the Department of Anthropology and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Marie Peoples is with Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - George Pro
- Ricky Camplain, Samantha Sabo, and Julie A. Baldwin are with the Department of Health Sciences and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Carolyn Camplain and George Pro, PhD are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Robert T. Trotter II and Emery Eaves are with the Department of Anthropology and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Marie Peoples is with Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Samantha Sabo
- Ricky Camplain, Samantha Sabo, and Julie A. Baldwin are with the Department of Health Sciences and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Carolyn Camplain and George Pro, PhD are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Robert T. Trotter II and Emery Eaves are with the Department of Anthropology and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Marie Peoples is with Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Emery Eaves
- Ricky Camplain, Samantha Sabo, and Julie A. Baldwin are with the Department of Health Sciences and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Carolyn Camplain and George Pro, PhD are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Robert T. Trotter II and Emery Eaves are with the Department of Anthropology and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Marie Peoples is with Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Marie Peoples
- Ricky Camplain, Samantha Sabo, and Julie A. Baldwin are with the Department of Health Sciences and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Carolyn Camplain and George Pro, PhD are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Robert T. Trotter II and Emery Eaves are with the Department of Anthropology and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Marie Peoples is with Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Julie A Baldwin
- Ricky Camplain, Samantha Sabo, and Julie A. Baldwin are with the Department of Health Sciences and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. Carolyn Camplain and George Pro, PhD are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Robert T. Trotter II and Emery Eaves are with the Department of Anthropology and the Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University. Marie Peoples is with Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
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Eaves ER, Williamson HJ, Sanderson KC, Elwell K, Trotter RT, Baldwin JA. Integrating Behavioral and Primary Health Care in Rural Clinics: What Does Culture Have to Do with It? J Health Care Poor Underserved 2020; 31:201-217. [PMID: 32037327 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2020.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful integration of health care in rural and underserved communities requires attention to power structures, trust, and disciplinary boundaries that inhibit team-based integration of behavioral and primary health care. This paper reports on perceived successes and ongoing challenges of integrating primary and behavioral health care from the perspectives of providers, community leaders, and community members. Data collection consisted of semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus groups conducted as part of a regional health equity assessment in northern Arizona. The authors explore barriers and successes in integrating health care in rural clinics using the perspective of a social ecological framework and the mediating role of culture. Differing expectations, differing professional areas, and interpersonal interactions were primary factors challenging movement toward integrated health care. Results suggest that providers and policymakers working toward health care integration should consider culture and interpersonal interaction as dynamic mediators, particularly in underserved and rural health care contexts.
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Trotter RT, Fofanov VY, Camplain R, Arazan CL, Camplain C, Eaves ER, Hanabury M, Hepp CM, Kohlbeck BS, Lininger MR, Peoples M, Dmitrieva NO, Baldwin JA. Health disparities in jail populations: Mixed methods and multi-disciplinary community engagement for justice and health impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 41:2-16. [PMID: 33110290 DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.41.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This special issue of Practicing Anthropology presents multidisciplinary and multisectoral views of a community engaged health disparities project titled "Health Disparities in Jail Populations: Converging Epidemics of Infectious Disease, Chronic Illness, Behavioral Health, and Substance Abuse." The overall project incorporated traditional anthropological mixed-methods approaches with theory and methods from informatics, epidemiology, genomics, evolutionary and computational biology, community engagement, and applied/translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Trotter
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Viacheslav Y Fofanov
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Ricky Camplain
- Center for Health Equity Research & Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Christine L Arazan
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Carolyn Camplain
- PhD Student of Interdisciplinary Health, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Emery R Eaves
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Mary Hanabury
- Director of Human Research Protection Program, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Crystal M Hepp
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Bailey S Kohlbeck
- Master's Student of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Monica R Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Marie Peoples
- Deputy County Manager for Coconino County, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Natalia O Dmitrieva
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Julie A Baldwin
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Health Equity Research, Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
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Valderrama JC, Tortajada S, Alapont L, Vidal A, Pérez J, Castellano M, Gómez J, Aleixandre R, Trotter RT. Rapid Assessment of Drug Abuse Prevention Needs for Youth in Small Spanish Municipalities: Coping with Resource Limitations. Journal of Drug Issues 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/002204260603600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the drug abuse prevention needs for Spanish youth in municipalities with a population below 7,000 inhabitants in the province of Valencia, Spain. The primary goal of the project was to generate policy and to identify possible courses of drug prevention in these towns. The project utilized the basic RARE model. Grounded Theory was used to frame the qualitative analysis. Interviews with local cultural experts provided strong evidence that many specifically mandated prevention needs are not adequately covered in small municipalities. The data emphasizes the ways in which young people are critical of the prevention actions directed at them. The recommended programs emphasize (1) joint actions using youth networks, (2) educating parents to take an active role in the prevention chain, (3) extending the range and availability of leisure activities, and (4) making sure that the information campaigns are adapted to the interests of young people.
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Trotter RT, Laurila K, Alberts D, Huenneke LF. A diagnostic evaluation model for complex research partnerships with community engagement: the partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) model. Eval Program Plann 2015; 48:10-20. [PMID: 25265164 PMCID: PMC4293028 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Complex community oriented health care prevention and intervention partnerships fail or only partially succeed at alarming rates. In light of the current rapid expansion of critically needed programs targeted at health disparities in minority populations, we have designed and are testing an "logic model plus" evaluation model that combines classic logic model and query based evaluation designs (CDC, NIH, Kellogg Foundation) with advances in community engaged designs derived from industry-university partnership models. These approaches support the application of a "near real time" feedback system (diagnosis and intervention) based on organizational theory, social network theory, and logic model metrics directed at partnership dynamics, combined with logic model metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Trotter
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, 575 East Pine Knoll Drive, Building 98D, Room 101G, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
| | - Kelly Laurila
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 15200, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5200, USA.
| | - David Alberts
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Laura F Huenneke
- Northern Arizona University, Box 4120, Flagstaff, AZ 88011-4120, USA.
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Laurila K, Ingram JC, Briehl MM, Trotter RT. Weaving the Web: Evaluation Strategies to Help Native-American Undergraduate Research Training Programs Navigate Students to Success. CURQ Web 2015; 35:4-11. [PMID: 26665169 PMCID: PMC4671630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Meng PS, Trotter RT, Keena MA, Baker TC, Yan S, Schwartzberg EG, Hoover K. Effects of pheromone and plant volatile release rates and ratios on trapping Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. Environ Entomol 2014; 43:1379-1388. [PMID: 25259696 DOI: 10.1603/en14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Native to China and Korea, the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a polyphagous wood-boring pest for which a trapping system would greatly benefit eradication and management programs in both the introduced and native ranges. Over two field seasons, a total of 160 flight intercept panel traps were deployed in Harbin, China, which trapped a total of 65 beetles. In 2012, traps using lures with a 1:1 ratio of the male-produced pheromone components (4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol) designed to release at a rate of 1 or 4 milligram per day per component in conjunction with the plant volatiles (-)-linalool, trans-caryophyllene, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol caught significantly more A. glabripennis females than other pheromone release rates, other pheromone ratios, plant volatiles only, and no lure controls. Males were caught primarily in traps baited with plant volatiles only. In 2013, 10× higher release rates of these plant volatiles were tested, and linalool oxide was evaluated as a fourth plant volatile in combination with a 1:1 ratio of the male-produced pheromone components emitted at a rate of 2 milligram per day per component. Significantly more females were trapped using the pheromone with the 10-fold higher three or four plant volatile release rates compared with the plant volatiles only, low four plant volatile + pheromone, and control. Our findings show that the male-produced pheromone in combination with plant volatiles can be used to detect A. glabripennis. Results also indicate that emitters should be monitored during the field season, as release rates fluctuate with environmental conditions and can be strongly influenced by formulation additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Meng
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Nehme ME, Trotter RT, Keena MA, McFarland C, Coop J, Hull-Sanders HM, Meng P, De Moraes CM, Mescher MC, Hoover K. Development and evaluation of a trapping system for Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the United States. Environ Entomol 2014; 43:1034-1044. [PMID: 24960252 DOI: 10.1603/en14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), commonly known as the Asian longhorned beetle, is an invasive wood-boring pest that infests a number of hardwood species and causes considerable economic losses in North America, several countries in Europe, and in its native range in Asia. The success of eradication efforts may depend on early detection of introduced populations; however, detection has been limited to identification of tree damage (oviposition pits and exit holes), and the serendipitous collection of adults, often by members of the public. Here we describe the development, deployment, and evaluation of semiochemical-baited traps in the greater Worcester area in Massachusetts. Over 4 yr of trap evaluation (2009-2012), 1013 intercept panel traps were deployed, 876 of which were baited with three different families of lures. The families included lures exhibiting different rates of release of the male-produced A. glabripennis pheromone, lures with various combinations of plant volatiles, and lures with both the pheromone and plant volatiles combined. Overall, 45 individual beetles were captured in 40 different traps. Beetles were found only in traps with lures. In several cases, trap catches led to the more rapid discovery and management of previously unknown areas of infestation in the Worcester county regulated area. Analysis of the spatial distribution of traps and the known infested trees within the regulated area provides an estimate of the relationship between trap catch and beetle pressure exerted on the traps. Studies continue to optimize lure composition and trap placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Nehme
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Trotter RT. Qualitative research sample design and sample size: resolving and unresolved issues and inferential imperatives. Prev Med 2012; 55:398-400. [PMID: 22800684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Trotter
- Department of Anthropology, 575 East Pine Knoll Drive, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
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Abstract
The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on minority communities called for interventions to stem the increase in new HIV infections and identify HIV-positive individuals for referral to care and treatment services. The Rapid Assessment, Response and Evaluation (RARE) project was designed to provide highly affected communities with a tool that would quickly identify conditions that fuel new infections and serve as barriers to HIV-positive individuals getting HIV testing, care, and treatment. RARE brought indigenous community health outreach workers and key community-level stakeholders together to advocate for the transfer of findings into programmatic and policy responses in places where high risk behaviors were practiced. This article describes RARE's qualitative methods that captured the voice of those most affected by the HIV/AIDS threat and identified critical insights and dynamics about factors that lead to HIV infections and those that can move positive individuals into care and treatment.
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Needle RH, Trotter RT, Singer M, Bates C, Page JB, Metzger D, Marcelin LH. Rapid assessment of the HIV/AIDS crisis in racial and ethnic minority communities: an approach for timely community interventions. Am J Public Health 2003; 93:970-9. [PMID: 12773364 PMCID: PMC1447879 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.93.6.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The US Department of Health and Human Services, in collaboration with the Congressional Black Caucus, created a new initiative to address the disproportionate ongoing HIV/AIDS crisis in racial/ethnic minority populations. METHODS This initiative included deploying technical assistance teams through the Office of HIV/AIDS Policy. The teams introduced rapid assessment and response methodologies and trained minority communities in their use. RESULTS The first 3 eligible cities (Detroit, Miami, and Philadelphia) focused assessments in small geographic areas, using multiple methodologies to obtain data. CONCLUSIONS Data from the first 3 eligible cities provided critical information about changing the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the local level, including program and policy changes and infrastructure redeployment targeted at the most serious social and environmental conditions.
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Pachter LM, Weller SC, Baer RD, de Alba Garcia JEG, Trotter RT, Glazer M, Klein R. Variation in asthma beliefs and practices among mainland Puerto Ricans, Mexican-Americans, Mexicans, and Guatemalans. J Asthma 2002; 39:119-34. [PMID: 11995676 DOI: 10.1081/jas-120002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on community surveys of 160 representative Latino adults in Hartford, CT, Edinburg, TX, Guadalajara, Mexico; and in rural Guatemala. A 142-item questionnaire covered asthma beliefs and practices (e.g., causes, symptoms, and treatments). The cultural consensus model was used to analyze the agreement among respondents within each sample and to describe beliefs. Beliefs were then compared across the four samples. Analysis of the questionnaire data shows that there was overall consistency or consensus regarding beliefs and practices among individuals at each site (intraculturally) and to a lesser extent across respondents of all four different Latino cultural groups (i.e., interculturally). This pattern of response is indicative of a shared belief system among the four groups with regard to asthma. Within this shared belief system though, there is systematic variation between groups in causes, symptoms, and treatments for asthma. The most widely recognized and shared beliefs concerned causes of asthma. Notable differences were present between samples in terms of differences in beliefs about symptoms and treatments. The biomedical model is shown to be a part of the explanatory model at all sites; in addition to the biomedical model, ethnocultural beliefs such as the humoral ("hot/cold") aspects and the importance of balance are also evident. The Connecticut Puerto Ricans had a greater degree of shared beliefs about asthma than did the other three samples (p < 0.00005). It was concluded that the four Latino groups studied share an overall belief system regarding asthma, including many aspects of the biomedical model of asthma. In addition, traditional Latino ethnomedical beliefs are present, especially concerning the importance of balance in health and illness. Many beliefs and practices are site-specific, and caution should be used when using inclusive terms such as "Hispanic" or "Latino," since there is variation as well as commonality among different ethnic groups with regard to health beliefs and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Pachter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford 06105, USA.
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Baldwin JA, Maxwell CJ, Fenaughty AM, Trotter RT, Stevens SJ. Alcohol as a risk factor for HIV transmission among American Indian and Alaska Native drug users. Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res 2002; 9:1-16. [PMID: 11279550 DOI: 10.5820/aian.0901.2000.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative alcohol interviews conducted as part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Native American Supplement revealed very high rates of alcohol use among American Indian and Alaska Native active crack and injection drug users (IDUs). Of 147 respondents who completed the alcohol questionnaire, 100& percent had drunk alcohol within the past month, almost 42& percent reported that they drank every day, and 50& percent drank until they were drunk one-half of the time or more. Injection drug users (IDUs) demonstrated the highest frequency and quantity of alcohol use in the past 30 days. A significant positive association was also found between crack and alcohol use in the past 48 hours (c(2)=5.30, p<.05). Finally, those claiming more episodes of using alcohol before or during sex, reported significantly more events of unprotected sexual intercourse. Qualitative data from all four sites corroborated these quantitative findings. Many individuals also reported episodes of blacking out while drinking, and learned later that they had had unprotected sex with complete strangers or individuals they would not otherwise accept as partners. Implications of these findings for HIV/AIDS prevention efforts are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Baldwin
- Department of Health, Physical Education, Exercise Science and Nutrition, NAU P.O. Box 15095, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
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Cobb NS, Trotter RT, Whitham TG. Long-term sexual allocation in herbivore resistant and susceptible pinyon pine (Pinus edulis). Oecologia 2002; 130:78-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s004420100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2001] [Accepted: 07/12/2001] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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MacQueen KM, McLellan E, Metzger DS, Kegeles S, Strauss RP, Scotti R, Blanchard L, Trotter RT. What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health. Am J Public Health 2001; 91:1929-38. [PMID: 11726368 PMCID: PMC1446907 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.12.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Increased emphasis on community collaboration indicates the need for consensus regarding the definition of community within public health. This study examined whether members of diverse US communities described community in similar ways. To identify strategies to support community collaboration in HIV vaccine trials, qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 African Americans in Durham, NC; 26 gay men in San Francisco, Calif; 25 injection drug users in Philadelphia, Pa; and 42 HIV vaccine researchers across the United States. Verbatim responses to the question "What does the word community mean to you?" were analyzed. Cluster analysis was used to identify similarities in the way community was described. A common definition of community emerged as a group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings. The participants differed in the emphasis they placed on particular elements of the definition. Community was defined similarly but experienced differently by people with diverse backgrounds. These results parallel similar social science findings and confirm the viability of a common definition for participatory public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M MacQueen
- National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Trotter
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study prospectively social networks and behavior in a group of persons at risk for HIV because of their drug-using and sexual practices, with particular emphasis on the interaction of risks and concomitant network structure. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted of 228 respondents in Atlanta, Georgia in six inner-city community chains of connected persons, interviewing primary respondents and a sample of their contacts every 6 months for 2 years. Ascertained were: HIV and immunologic status; demographic, medical, and behavioral factors; and the composition of the social, sexual, and drug-using networks. RESULTS The prevalence of HIV in this group was 13.3% and the incidence density was 1.8% per year. Substantial simultaneity of risk-taking was observed, with a high level of both non-injecting (crack, 82%) and injecting (heroin, cocaine or both, 16 30%) drug use, the exchange of sex or money for drugs by men (approximately 35%) and women (57-71%), and high frequency of same-sex sexual activity by men (9.4%) and women (33%). The intensity of interaction, as measured by network features such as microstructures and concurrency, was significantly greater than that observed in a low prevalence area with little endemic transmission. CONCLUSION The traditional hierarchical classification of risk for HIV may impede our understanding of transmission dynamics, which, in the setting of an inner-city population, is characterized by simultaneity of risk-taking, and moderately intense network interactions. The study provides further evidence for the relationship of network structure to transmission dynamics, but highlights the difficulties of using network information for prediction of individual seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Rothenberg
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Needle RH, Trotter RT, Goosby E, Bates C, Von Zinkernagel D. Methodologically sound rapid assessment and response: providing timely data for policy development on drug use interventions and HIV prevention. International Journal of Drug Policy 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0955-3959(99)00045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rhodes F, Deren S, Wood MM, Shedlin MG, Carlson RG, Lambert EY, Kochems LM, Stark MJ, Falck RS, Wright-DeAgüero L, Weir B, Cottler L, Rourke KM, Trotter RT. Understanding HIV risks of chronic drug-using men who have sex with men. AIDS Care 1999; 11:629-48. [PMID: 10716005 DOI: 10.1080/09540129947550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Focus groups and individual structured interviews were conducted in six cities with 98 predominantly street-recruited men who had a recent history of smoking crack or injecting drugs and who reported having had sex with other men (MSM) in the past year. Twenty-six focus groups explored the cultural and social context of participant's drug use and sexual activity and addressed outreach and HIV prevention issues pertinent to this population. Narrative summaries developed from verbatim focus group transcripts identified seven themes: (a) sexual orientation and gender identity; (b) interactions within and between MSM networks; (c) drug use, sexual activity and personal relationships; (d) HIV transmission bridges; (e) preferred HIV information sources; (f) HIV knowledge, prevention practices and risk behaviours; and (g) availability of HIV and drug-related services. Of the 98 MSM drug users, 42% identified publicly as gay or homosexual; 35% identified publicly, but only 21% privately, as heterosexual. A total of 51% had one or more female sex partners in the past year. There was a high frequency of unprotected sex in conjunction with drug use and a distinct preference for having sex when high. For most participants, drug use rather than sexual orientation formed the core of personal identity. Participants reported associating primarily with other drug users, usually MSM, and had limited contact with people who did not use drugs and the mainstream gay community. Participants' sexual and drug-injecting activities were judged to be a bridge for transmission of HIV to both people who used drugs and those who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rhodes
- California State University, Long Beach 90813, USA.
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Trotter RT, Weller SC, Baer RD, Pachter LM, Glazer M, García de Alba García JE, Klein RE. Consensus theory model of AIDS/SIDA beliefs in four Latino populations. AIDS Educ Prev 1999; 11:414-426. [PMID: 10555625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To describe Latino beliefs about AIDS (SIDA), Latino adults were sampled at two U.S. sites (Connecticut and Texas) and two international sites (Mexico and Guatemala). A 125-item questionnaire covered risk factors, symptoms, treatments, and sequellae of AIDS. The cultural consensus model was used to determine the cultural beliefs for each sample. Responses from 161 people indicated that a single set of beliefs was present at each site and that beliefs were shared across sites. Comparison of answers between samples indicated high agreement (p < .0007). The proportion of shared beliefs, however, decreased significantly between samples: .68 in Connecticut, .60 in Texas, .51 in Mexico, and .41 in Guatemala (p < .05). The proportion of positive answers similarly decreased from Connecticut to Guatemala (p < .001). Beliefs were stronger and more detailed in the higher prevalence areas. Furthermore, Latino beliefs tended to converge on biomedical beliefs about the disease.
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Baldwin JA, Trotter RT, Martinez D, Stevens SJ, John D, Brems C. HIV/AIDS risks among Native American drug users: key findings from focus group interviews and implications for intervention strategies. AIDS Educ Prev 1999; 11:279-292. [PMID: 10494353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A multisite study funded through the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Office of Research on Minority Health was conducted in 1996 to determine the HIV/AIDS prevention needs of Native American out-of-treatment drug users. In an effort to recommend directions for HIV/AIDS prevention programming, one component of this study entailed conducting a series of focus groups at each of four sites: Anchorage, Alaska; Denver, Colorado; Flagstaff, Arizona; and Tucson, Arizona. While some site differences were noted, several consistent thematic findings were revealed across all locations. Specifically, focus group members strongly recommended directly involving key members of the Native American community in conducting outreach and intervention activities, involving Native people as the sources of information, and utilizing local and tribally relevant forms of delivering the message. Other consistent themes included getting messages to smaller communities to prevent the potential "annihilation" of tribes, educating youth, and linking alcohol prevention education to HIV/AIDS education. Findings from this study support the idea that future HIV/AIDS prevention programs must take into account subgroup and individual level differences among Native American drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Baldwin
- Flagstaff Multicultural AIDS Prevention Project, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe Latino beliefs about diabetes and assess heterogeneity in beliefs across different groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study comprised a survey of 161 representative Latino adults from four diverse communities: Hartford, Connecticut; Edinburg, Texas; Guadalajara, Mexico; and rural Guatemala. A 130-item questionnaire covered causes symptoms, and treatments for diabetes. Information on demographics and acquaintanceship with someone with diabetes was also collected. The cultural consensus model was used to analyze the variation in responses to determine whether the degree of consistency within and between samples was sufficient to warrant aggregation and description as a single set of beliefs. RESULTS Homogeneous beliefs were present within each of the four samples. Although variability in responses increased significantly from Connecticut to Guatemala (P < 0.00005), there was significant agreement between samples on the answers (P < 0.0005). Answers tended to be concordant with the biomedical description of diabetes. Greater acculturation, higher educational attainment, and higher diabetes prevalence were associated with greater cultural knowledge about diabetes. In Connecticut, greater knowledge correlated with longer mainland U.S. residency (P < 0.05). In Mexico, those with average educational attainment knew more (P < 0.05). Finally, average knowledge levels were higher in communities with greater diabetes prevalence. CONCLUSIONS The cultural consensus model facilitated assessment of cultural beliefs regarding diabetes and diabetes management. Overall, Latino cultural beliefs about diabetes were concordant with the biomedical model. Variation in responses tended to characterize less knowledge or experience with diabetes and not different beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Weller
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1153, USA.
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Baldwin JA, Rolf JE, Johnson J, Bowers J, Benally C, Trotter RT. Developing culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS and substance abuse prevention curricula for Native American youth. J Sch Health 1996; 66:322-327. [PMID: 8959591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1996.tb03410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In 1990, researchers and health care professionals joined with members of several southwestern Native American communities to form an HIV/AIDS and substance abuse prevention partnership. Culturally sensitive approaches to theory-based interventions were developed into highly replicable, structured, school-based and community-based intervention programs. Process evaluations indicated high levels of program acceptance and fidelity. Outcome evaluations demonstrated significant positive preventive intervention effects among participants. This article reports how NAPPASA school prevention curricula were developed and discusses three critical processes in developing these successful curricula: 1) selection of integrative theory to address the multi-dimensional antecedents of HIV/AIDS and substance abuse among Native Americans, 2) use of ethnographic methodology to obtain intensive input from target groups and community members to ensure cultural and developmental sensitivity in the curriculum, and 3) use of process and outcome evaluations of pilot and field trials to develop an optimal curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Baldwin
- Dept. of Health, Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Nutrition, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011, USA
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Trotter RT, Bowen AM, Baldwin JA, Price LJ. The Efficacy of Network-Based HIV/AIDS Risk Reduction Programs in Midsized Towns in the United States. Journal of Drug Issues 1996. [DOI: 10.1177/002204269602600305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Combining current psychosocial theories with social network outreach and prevention paradigms is an effective mechanism for reducing both drug-related and sexual risks for HIV transmission in active drug users in midsized towns in the United States. Five hundred and seventy-nine individuals were recruited in two towns, one of 50,000 and one of 10,000 population. Three approaches to intervention were tested. These approaches included: (1) an intensive outreach program using indigenous outreach workers providing reinforcement of an HIV risk reduction program, and (2) a low intensity outreach program combined with a more intensive office-based HIV risk reduction program. Both conditions were compared with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recommended standard intervention. Each of the enhanced interventions produced a reduction in HIV-related risk taking reported by the participants. The intensive outreach combined with office intervention and the intensive office intervention without outreach reinforcement each produced significant reductions in sexual risk taking in active drug users, beyond the reductions reported for the NIDA standard program. The enhanced risk reduction programs produced differential impacts for males and females, respectively, between the two high and low intensity outreach models.
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Abstract
It is usually impossible to know if reported differences between cultures are due to cultural differences or due to a difference in the methods used to study the cultures. This paper describes a collaborative, multisite study using a shared methodology to study intra- and inter-cultural variation in beliefs. A series of standard interview schedules were used to study Latin American beliefs about empacho in Guatemala, Mexico, and in the United States (Mexican-Americans and Puerto Ricans). Results showed consistency in beliefs about empacho both within and between the four samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Weller
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1053
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Trotter RT. The cultural parameters of lead poisoning: a medical anthropologist's view of intervention in environmental lead exposure. Environ Health Perspect 1990; 89:79-84. [PMID: 2088759 PMCID: PMC1567791 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.908979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This article identifies four culturally shaped sources of lead exposure in human societies: modern and historic technological sources: food habits; culturally defined health beliefs; and beauty practices. Examples of these potential sources of lead poisoning are presented from current cultures. They include the use of lead-glazed cooking pottery in Mexican-American households; folk medical use of lead in Hispanic, Arabic, South Asian, Chinese, and Hmong communities; as well as the use of lead as a cosmetic in the Near East, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Four interacting cultural conditions that create barriers to the reduction of lead exposure and lead poisoning are identified and discussed. These are knowledge deficiencies, communication resistance, cultural reinterpretations, and incongruity of explanatory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Trotter
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011
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Trotter RT, Ortiz de Montellano B, Logan MH. Fallen fontanelle in the American Southwest: its origin, epidemiology, and possible organic causes. Med Anthropol 1989; 10:211-21. [PMID: 2664406 DOI: 10.1080/01459740.1989.9965968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
The three folk illnesses described in this article--caida de mollera, susto, and empacho--can all be linked to recognized biologic conditions and therefore cannot be analyzed solely on the basis of sociocultural factors. Clearly, it would be a mistake to continue ignoring these syndromes in the Southwest on the assumption that they are "all in the mind" of Mexican-American patients. They must be assessed from the view that they are culturally different labels for serious medical conditions (eg, caida de mollera), that they are useful screening labels for patients with high disease loads (eg, susto), or that they are harmless in and of themselves but their treatment may have significant medical consequences (eg, empacho).
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Trotter RT, Logan MH, Rocha JM, Boneta JL. Ethnography and bioassay: combined methods for a preliminary screen of home remedies for potential pharmacological activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1983; 8:113-119. [PMID: 6632933 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(83)90092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a combined set of anthropological and biological research techniques that allow a single researcher to conduct a field-based screen of ethnopharmaceutical resources, even under difficult field conditions. The results of one such screen, presented here, indicate that the most commonly used remedies in an ethnomedical system are also those most likely to contain active constituents. Several pragmatic and theoretical considerations deriving from these results are discussed.
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Trotter RT, Murdock GP. Theories of Illness: A World Survey. Anthropological Quarterly 1983. [DOI: 10.2307/3317950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
A sample of 1235 case examples of remedios caseros (home remedies) were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the ethnopharmacological resources currently in use in Mexican American communities along the eastern end of the United States-Mexico border. The data analysis confirms that there is a core group of most frequently used remedies that constitute the bulk of the home treatment of common ailments in that area. The data further indicate that there is a relatively well-defined group of ailments that are considered to be more amenable to ethnopharmacological intervention than to treatment by the conventional medical system. Some of the remedios (both botanical and non-botanical) are presented, and a preliminary model of ailments that receive treatment from home remedies, as opposed to medical treatment, is proposed.
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