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Jones BE, Brown-Augsburger PL, Corbett KS, Westendorf K, Davies J, Cujec TP, Wiethoff CM, Blackbourne JL, Heinz BA, Foster D, Higgs RE, Balasubramaniam D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yang ES, Bidshahri R, Kraft L, Hwang Y, Žentelis S, Jepson KR, Goya R, Smith MA, Collins DW, Hinshaw SJ, Tycho SA, Pellacani D, Xiang P, Muthuraman K, Sobhanifar S, Piper MH, Triana FJ, Hendle J, Pustilnik A, Adams AC, Berens SJ, Baric RS, Martinez DR, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Borisevich V, Abiona O, Belli HM, de Vries M, Mohamed A, Dittmann M, Samanovic MI, Mulligan MJ, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Johnson NV, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Barnhart BC, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Hansen CL, Falconer E. The neutralizing antibody, LY-CoV555, protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf1906. [PMID: 33820835 PMCID: PMC8284311 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a public health threat for which preventive and therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Neutralizing antibodies are a key class of therapeutics that may bridge widespread vaccination campaigns and offer a treatment solution in populations less responsive to vaccination. Here, we report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific B cells led to the identification of LY-CoV555 (also known as bamlanivimab), a potent anti-spike neutralizing antibody from a hospitalized, convalescent patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Biochemical, structural, and functional characterization of LY-CoV555 revealed high-affinity binding to the receptor-binding domain, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding inhibition, and potent neutralizing activity. A pharmacokinetic study of LY-CoV555 conducted in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated a mean half-life of 13 days and a clearance of 0.22 ml hour-1 kg-1, consistent with a typical human therapeutic antibody. In a rhesus macaque challenge model, prophylactic doses as low as 2.5 mg/kg reduced viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract in samples collected through study day 6 after viral inoculation. This antibody has entered clinical testing and is being evaluated across a spectrum of COVID-19 indications, including prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Jones
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | | | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Julian Davies
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Thomas P Cujec
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | - Denisa Foster
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lucas Kraft
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | - Yuri Hwang
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Goya
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | - Maia A Smith
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Sean A Tycho
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | | | - Ping Xiang
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Marissa H Piper
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Franz J Triana
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jorg Hendle
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anna Pustilnik
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph S Baric
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Olubukola Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hayley M Belli
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adil Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jory A Goldsmith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicole V Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carl L Hansen
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
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Jones BE, Brown-Augsburger PL, Corbett KS, Westendorf K, Davies J, Cujec TP, Wiethoff CM, Blackbourne JL, Heinz BA, Foster D, Higgs RE, Balasubramaniam D, Wang L, Bidshahri R, Kraft L, Hwang Y, Žentelis S, Jepson KR, Goya R, Smith MA, Collins DW, Hinshaw SJ, Tycho SA, Pellacani D, Xiang P, Muthuraman K, Sobhanifar S, Piper MH, Triana FJ, Hendle J, Pustilnik A, Adams AC, Berens SJ, Baric RS, Martinez DR, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Borisevich V, Abiona O, Belli HM, de Vries M, Mohamed A, Dittmann M, Samanovic M, Mulligan MJ, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Johnson NV, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Barnhart BC, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Hansen CL, Falconer E. LY-CoV555, a rapidly isolated potent neutralizing antibody, provides protection in a non-human primate model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33024963 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.30.318972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 poses a public health threat for which therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Herein, we report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific B-cells led to the identification of LY-CoV555, a potent anti-spike neutralizing antibody from a convalescent COVID-19 patient. Biochemical, structural, and functional characterization revealed high-affinity binding to the receptor-binding domain, ACE2 binding inhibition, and potent neutralizing activity. In a rhesus macaque challenge model, prophylaxis doses as low as 2.5 mg/kg reduced viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract. These data demonstrate that high-throughput screening can lead to the identification of a potent antiviral antibody that protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. One Sentence Summary LY-CoV555, an anti-spike antibody derived from a convalescent COVID-19 patient, potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and protects the upper and lower airways of non-human primates against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Bidshahri R, Attali D, Fakhfakh K, McNeil K, Karsan A, Won JR, Wolber R, Bryan J, Hughesman C, Haynes C. Quantitative Detection and Resolution of BRAF V600 Status in Colorectal Cancer Using Droplet Digital PCR and a Novel Wild-Type Negative Assay. J Mol Diagn 2016; 18:190-204. [PMID: 26762843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A need exists for robust and cost-effective assays to detect a single or small set of actionable point mutations, or a complete set of clinically informative mutant alleles. Knowledge of these mutations can be used to alert the clinician to a rare mutation that might necessitate more aggressive clinical monitoring or a personalized course of treatment. An example is BRAF, a (proto)oncogene susceptible to either common or rare mutations in codon V600 and adjacent codons. We report a diagnostic technology that leverages the unique capabilities of droplet digital PCR to achieve not only accurate and sensitive detection of BRAF(V600E) but also all known somatic point mutations within the BRAF V600 codon. The simple and inexpensive two-well droplet digital PCR assay uses a chimeric locked nucleic acid/DNA probe against wild-type BRAF and a novel wild-type-negative screening paradigm. The assay shows complete diagnostic accuracy when applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from metastatic colorectal cancer patients deficient for Mut L homologue-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Bidshahri
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dean Attali
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kareem Fakhfakh
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly McNeil
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Won
- Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Wolber
- Department of Pathology, Lion's Gate Hospital, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bryan
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Curtis Hughesman
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Charles Haynes
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Kum WWS, Lee S, Grassl GA, Bidshahri R, Hsu K, Ziltener HJ, Finlay BB. Lack of functional P-selectin ligand exacerbates Salmonella serovar typhimurium infection. J Immunol 2009; 182:6550-61. [PMID: 19414810 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The selectin family of adhesion molecules mediates the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation, which is critical for host survival of infection. To characterize the role of selectins in host defense against Salmonella Typhimurium infection, wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), P-, E-, or L-selectin, or the glycosyltransferase C2GlcNAcT-I (core 2) were infected using a Salmonella acute gastroenteritis model. Mice were monitored for survival and assessed for intestinal inflammation at 1 and 4 days postinfection. Infected mice lacking core 2, PSGL-1, or P-selectin showed a more pronounced morbidity and a significantly higher mortality rate associated with higher bacterial load and proinflammatory cytokine production, including that of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and IL-6, from the colons at 4 days postinfection as compared with WT control. Surprisingly, at 1 day postinfection, more severe inflammation and higher neutrophil infiltration were observed in the ceca of mice lacking core 2, PSGL-1, or P-selectin compared with WT control. Enhanced levels of alpha(4)beta(7)(+) and MAdCAM-1(+) cells were observed in the ceca of infected mice lacking core 2, PSGL-1, or P-selectin. Neutrophil recruitment, cecal inflammation, and mortality rates were dramatically reduced in infected P-selectin knockout mice receiving blocking mAb to alpha(4)beta(7) integrin, indicating that this alternative adhesion molecule may attempt to compensate for the loss of selectins in neutrophil recruitment. These results demonstrate a definitive phenotypic abnormality in mice lacking core 2, PSGL-1, or P-selectin, suggesting that the interaction of functional PSGL-1 with P-selectin is an important process in host defense against Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W S Kum
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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