1
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Siday T, Hayes J, Schiegl F, Sandner F, Menden P, Bergbauer V, Zizlsperger M, Nerreter S, Lingl S, Repp J, Wilhelm J, Huber MA, Gerasimenko YA, Huber R. All-optical subcycle microscopy on atomic length scales. Nature 2024; 629:329-334. [PMID: 38720038 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Bringing optical microscopy to the shortest possible length and time scales has been a long-sought goal, connecting nanoscopic elementary dynamics with the macroscopic functionalities of condensed matter. Super-resolution microscopy has circumvented the far-field diffraction limit by harnessing optical nonlinearities1. By exploiting linear interaction with tip-confined evanescent light fields2, near-field microscopy3,4 has reached even higher resolution, prompting a vibrant research field by exploring the nanocosm in motion5-19. Yet the finite radius of the nanometre-sized tip apex has prevented access to atomic resolution20. Here we leverage extreme atomic nonlinearities within tip-confined evanescent fields to push all-optical microscopy to picometric spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. On these scales, we discover an unprecedented and efficient non-classical near-field response, in phase with the vector potential of light and strictly confined to atomic dimensions. This ultrafast signal is characterized by an optical phase delay of approximately π/2 and facilitates direct monitoring of tunnelling dynamics. We showcase the power of our optical concept by imaging nanometre-sized defects hidden to atomic force microscopy and by subcycle sampling of current transients on a semiconducting van der Waals material. Our results facilitate access to quantum light-matter interaction and electronic dynamics at ultimately short spatio-temporal scales in both conductive and insulating quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siday
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Hayes
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Schiegl
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Sandner
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Menden
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - V Bergbauer
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Zizlsperger
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Nerreter
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Lingl
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Repp
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Wilhelm
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - M A Huber
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Y A Gerasimenko
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Henschke C, Huber R, Jiang L, Yang D, Cavic M, Schmidt H, Kazerooni E, Zulueta JJ, Sales Dos Santos R, Ventura L. Perspective on Management of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Findings on Low-Dose Computed Tomography Examinations for Lung Cancer Screening. From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:565-580. [PMID: 37979778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) carefully implemented has been found to reduce deaths from lung cancer. Optimal management starts with selection of eligibility criteria, counseling of screenees, smoking cessation, selection of the regimen of screening which specifies the imaging protocol, and workup of LDCT findings. Coordination of clinical, radiologic, and interventional teams and ultimately treatment of diagnosed lung cancers under screening determine the benefit of LDCT screening. Ethical considerations of who should be eligible for LDCT screening programs are important to provide the benefit to as many people at risk of lung cancer as possible. Unanticipated diseases identified on LDCT may offer important benefits through early detection of leading global causes of death, such as cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as the latter may result from conditions such as emphysema and bronchiectasis, which can be identified early on LDCT. This report identifies the key components of the regimen of LDCT screening for lung cancer which include the need for a management system to provide data for continuous updating of the regimen and provides quality assurance assessment of actual screenings. Multidisciplinary clinical management is needed to maximize the benefit of early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. Different regimens have been evolving throughout the world as the resources and needs may be different, for countries with limited resources. Sharing of results, further knowledge, and incorporation of technologic advances will continue to accelerate worldwide improvements in the diagnostic and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Henschke
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Rudolf Huber
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Munich - Campus Innenstadt, Ziemssenstrabe, Munich, Germany
| | - Long Jiang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Heidi Schmidt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ella Kazerooni
- Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Javier J Zulueta
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside, New York, New York
| | - Ricardo Sales Dos Santos
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic and Robotic Surgery, Albert Einstein Israeli Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luigi Ventura
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Ito S, Schüler M, Meierhofer M, Schlauderer S, Freudenstein J, Reimann J, Afanasiev D, Kokh KA, Tereshchenko OE, Güdde J, Sentef MA, Höfer U, Huber R. Build-up and dephasing of Floquet-Bloch bands on subcycle timescales. Nature 2023; 616:696-701. [PMID: 37046087 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong light fields have created opportunities to tailor novel functionalities of solids1-5. Floquet-Bloch states can form under periodic driving of electrons and enable exotic quantum phases6-15. On subcycle timescales, lightwaves can simultaneously drive intraband currents16-29 and interband transitions18,19,30,31, which enable high-harmonic generation16,18,19,21,22,25,28-30 and pave the way towards ultrafast electronics. Yet, the interplay of intraband and interband excitations and their relation to Floquet physics have been key open questions as dynamical aspects of Floquet states have remained elusive. Here we provide this link by visualizing the ultrafast build-up of Floquet-Bloch bands with time-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We drive surface states on a topological insulator32,33 with mid-infrared fields-strong enough for high-harmonic generation-and directly monitor the transient band structure with subcycle time resolution. Starting with strong intraband currents, we observe how Floquet sidebands emerge within a single optical cycle; intraband acceleration simultaneously proceeds in multiple sidebands until high-energy electrons scatter into bulk states and dissipation destroys the Floquet bands. Quantum non-equilibrium calculations explain the simultaneous occurrence of Floquet states with intraband and interband dynamics. Our joint experiment and theory study provides a direct time-domain view of Floquet physics and explores the fundamental frontiers of ultrafast band-structure engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ito
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Schüler
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Meierhofer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Schlauderer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Freudenstein
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Reimann
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - D Afanasiev
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K A Kokh
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics and V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - O E Tereshchenko
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics and V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - J Güdde
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - U Höfer
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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4
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Schoch S, Castro-Meija J, Krych L, Kot W, Leng B, Kohler M, Huber R, Rogler G, Biedermann L, Walser JC, Nielsen D, Kurth S. Interactions between sleep and gut bacteria in healthy developing infants. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Huwiler S, Huwyler S, Kiener L, Sala R, Schmied C, Huber R, Wenderoth N, Lustenberger C. Effects of auditory sleep modulation approaches on slow waves and autonomic recovery functions. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Cavic M, Kerpel-Fronius A, Viola L, Ventura L, Jiang L, Sales dos Santos R, Yang D, Koegelenberg C, Zulueta J, Henschke C, Kazerooni E, Tammemägi M, Field J, Wynes M, Balata H, Yankelevitz D, Sozzi G, Lam S, Huber R. P1.02-02 Current Status, Challenges and Perspectives of Lung Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Lapierre F, Huber R. Boosting biocementation by using a high‐throughput microbioreactor to characterize microbial growth, enzyme activity, and precipitation kinetics. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Lapierre
- Munich University of Applied Sciences HM Lothstr. 64 80335 Munich Germany
| | - R. Huber
- Munich University of Applied Sciences HM Lothstr. 64 80335 Munich Germany
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8
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Knorr M, Manceau JM, Mornhinweg J, Nespolo J, Biasiol G, Tran NL, Malerba M, Goulain P, Lafosse X, Jeannin M, Stefinger M, Carusotto I, Lange C, Colombelli R, Huber R. Intersubband Polariton-Polariton Scattering in a Dispersive Microcavity. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:247401. [PMID: 35776456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.247401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast scattering dynamics of intersubband polaritons in dispersive cavities embedding GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells are studied directly within their band structure using a noncollinear pump-probe geometry with phase-stable midinfrared pulses. Selective excitation of the lower polariton at a frequency of ∼25 THz and at a finite in-plane momentum k_{‖} leads to the emergence of a narrowband maximum in the probe reflectivity at k_{‖}=0. A quantum mechanical model identifies the underlying microscopic process as stimulated coherent polariton-polariton scattering. These results mark an important milestone toward quantum control and bosonic lasing in custom-tailored polaritonic systems in the mid and far infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Knorr
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - J M Manceau
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Mornhinweg
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Nespolo
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - G Biasiol
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - N L Tran
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Malerba
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Goulain
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - X Lafosse
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Jeannin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Stefinger
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - C Lange
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Colombelli
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Kerpel-Fronius A, Tammemägi MC, Cavic M, Huber RM, Yang D, Zulueta J, Viola L, Mohan A, Lee CT, Cavic M, Schmidt H, Kazerooni E, Sales Dos Santos R, Kerpel-Fronius A, Henschke C, Ventura L, Jiang L, Sozzi G, Tammemägi M, Lam S, Huber R. Lung Cancer Screening in Persons Who Never Smoked Has to be Evaluated-A Response to Letter to the Editor. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:e20-e21. [PMID: 35074232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin C Tammemägi
- Ontario Lung Screening Program, Prevention and Cancer Control, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rudolf M Huber
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology Thoracic Oncology, LMU Klinikum der Universität München-Campus Innenstadt, Centre Munich University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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Schnee S, Huber R, Marcourt L, Michellod E, Wolfender JL, Gindro K, Ferreira Queiroz E. Generation of antifungal stilbenes derivatives towards grapevine downy mildew using enzymatic secretome of Botrytis cinerea. BIO Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Riepl J, Raab J, Abajyan P, Nong H, Freeman JR, Li LH, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Wacker A, Albes T, Jirauschek C, Lange C, Dhillon SS, Huber R. Field-resolved high-order sub-cycle nonlinearities in a terahertz semiconductor laser. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:246. [PMID: 34924564 PMCID: PMC8685277 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of ultrafast electron dynamics in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) holds enormous potential for intense, compact mode-locked terahertz (THz) sources, squeezed THz light, frequency mixers, and comb-based metrology systems. Yet the important sub-cycle dynamics have been notoriously difficult to access in operational THz QCLs. Here, we employ high-field THz pulses to perform the first ultrafast two-dimensional spectroscopy of a free-running THz QCL. Strong incoherent and coherent nonlinearities up to eight-wave mixing are detected below and above the laser threshold. These data not only reveal extremely short gain recovery times of 2 ps at the laser threshold, they also reflect the nonlinear polarization dynamics of the QCL laser transition for the first time, where we quantify the corresponding dephasing times between 0.9 and 1.5 ps with increasing bias currents. A density-matrix approach reproducing the emergence of all nonlinearities and their ultrafast evolution, simultaneously, allows us to map the coherently induced trajectory of the Bloch vector. The observed high-order multi-wave mixing nonlinearities benefit from resonant enhancement in the absence of absorption losses and bear potential for a number of future applications, ranging from efficient intracavity frequency conversion, mode proliferation to passive mode locking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Riepl
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Raab
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Abajyan
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - H Nong
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J R Freeman
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK
| | - L H Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK
| | - E H Linfield
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK
| | - A G Davies
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK
| | - A Wacker
- Mathematical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Albes
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Jirauschek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Lange
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S S Dhillon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Schoch SF, Castro-Mejía JL, Krych L, Leng B, Kot W, Kohler M, Huber R, Rogler G, Biedermann L, Walser JC, Nielsen DS, Kurth S. From Alpha Diversity to Zzz: Interactions among sleep, the brain, and gut microbiota in the first year of life. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 209:102208. [PMID: 34923049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders have been linked to alterations of gut microbiota composition in adult humans and animal models, but it is unclear how this link develops. With longitudinal assessments in 162 healthy infants, we present a so far unrecognized sleep-brain-gut interrelationship. First, we report a link between sleep habits and gut microbiota: daytime sleep is associated with bacterial diversity, and nighttime sleep fragmentation and variability link with bacterial maturity and enterotype. Second, we demonstrate a sleep-brain-gut link: bacterial diversity and enterotype are associated with sleep neurophysiology. Third, we show that the sleep-brain-gut link is relevant in development: sleep habits and bacterial markers predict behavioral-developmental outcomes. Our results demonstrate the dynamic interplay between sleep, gut microbiota, and the maturation of brain and behavior during infancy, which aligns with the lately emerging concept of a sleep-brain-gut axis. Importantly, sleep and gut microbiota represent promising health targets since both can be modified non-invasively. As many adult diseases root in early childhood, leveraging protective factors of adequate sleep and age-appropriate gut microbiota in infancy could constitute a health promoting factor across the entire human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Schoch
- Department of PulmonOlogy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - L Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Leng
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kohler
- Department of PulmonOlogy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Huber
- Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Biedermann
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J C Walser
- Genetic Diversity Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Kurth
- Department of PulmonOlogy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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13
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Poli S, Meissner C, Baezner HJ, Kraft A, Hillenbrand F, Hobohm C, Liman J, Wachter R, Kimmig H, Huber R, Lindner A, Althaus K, Gawaz M, Ziemann U, Geisler T. Apixaban for treatment of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ATTICUS) randomized trial – update of patient characteristics and study timeline after interim analysis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Secondary prevention after embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) has not yet been established. ESUS is associated with high risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and clinically silent ischemic lesions. Secondary prevention with aspirin is the current standard therapy in ESUS patients, despite high prevalence of occult atrial fibrillation (AF).
Purpose
To determine whether the direct oral factor Xa inhibitor apixaban, started within 28 days after index stroke, is superior to aspirin in preventing new ischemic lesions in subjects with remote cardiac monitoring. Primary endpoint was detection of new ischemic lesions in flair and diffusion-weighted (DWI) MR imaging at 12 months follow-up.
Methods
The study enrolled ESUS patients with risk profile for cardiac thromboembolism (i.e., left atrium (LA) size >45 mm, spontaneous echo contrast in LA appendage, LA appendage flow velocity ≤0.2 cm/s, atrial high rate episodes, CHA2DS2-Vasc score ≥4, patent foramen ovale). Patients were randomized 1:1 into the aspirin and apixaban arms. Study drug was initiated within 3–28 days after minor/moderate stroke and 14–28 days after major stroke. MRI (Flair/DWI) was conducted within 7 days of AF detection by remote cardiac monitors and at 12 months. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02427126. Funding: The trial is supported by BMS-Pfizer Alliance.
Results
Enrollment was stopped after interims analysis (including 200 patients) due to futility. Overall, 373 patients were screened with 353 being enrolled (178 and 175 in apixaban and ASA arms, respectively). So far, 130 (73.0%) and 120 (68.6%) subjects from apixaban and ASA arms, respectively, completed the study. 2% death, 1.7% withdrawal, and 1.7% were lost to follow-up. 3.9% did not completed the study for other reasons. Mean age of the ATTICUS population was 68.5 years with 51% males. 80% of the subjects suffered from hypertension. Mean systolic blood pressure at enrollment was 132 mmHg, BMI was 27.7, and CHA2DS-VASc-Score was 4.9. So far, adverse events (AE) occurred in 63% of the subjects, 30% was documented as severe. 6.8% cases of recurrent ischemic stroke and no case of hemorrhagic stroke were reported. Only 1 case of severe bleeding was reported in the aspirin arm. Newly detected AF was reported in 80 patients (23%), 42 occurring in the aspirin arm. As required by protocol, latter were immediately switched from aspirin to apixaban. Due to ongoing data clearing, numbers and % will change until presentation.
Conclusions
In contrast to the recently published NAVIGATE and RESPECT ESUS trials, patients enrolled in ATTICUS need to exhibit additional AF predicting factors. Furthermore, mandatory cardiac remote monitoring will help to elucidate the impact of AF and the effects of early oral anticoagulation with apixaban compared to antiplatelet therapy with aspirin on the incidence of new ischemic lesions after ESUS. Preliminary data will be presented and discussed in the context of current literature.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): The trial is supported by BMS-Pfizer Alliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Poli
- Eberhard-Karls University of Tubingen, Neurology & Stroke, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Meissner
- Eberhard-Karls University of Tubingen, Biometry, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - H J Baezner
- Klinikum Stuttgart, Neurology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Kraft
- Hospital Martha-Maria Halle Dölau, Neurology, Halle, Germany
| | - F Hillenbrand
- Rems-Murr-Clinic Winnenden, Neurology, Winnenden, Germany
| | - C Hobohm
- Carl-von-Basedow-Clinic Saalekreis, Neurology, Merseburg, Germany
| | - J Liman
- University Hospital Gottingen, Neurology, Goettingen, Germany
| | - R Wachter
- University Hospital Gottingen, Cardiology, Goettingen, Germany
| | - H Kimmig
- Schwarzwald-Baar Hospital, Neurology, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Medical Campus Lake Constance, Neurology, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - A Lindner
- Marien Hospital, Neurology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Althaus
- University Hospital of Ulm, Neurology, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Gawaz
- Eberhard-Karls University of Tubingen, Cardiology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - U Ziemann
- Eberhard-Karls University of Tubingen, Neurology & Stroke, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Geisler
- Eberhard-Karls University of Tubingen, Cardiology, Tuebingen, Germany
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14
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Schmid CP, Weigl L, Grössing P, Junk V, Gorini C, Schlauderer S, Ito S, Meierhofer M, Hofmann N, Afanasiev D, Crewse J, Kokh KA, Tereshchenko OE, Güdde J, Evers F, Wilhelm J, Richter K, Höfer U, Huber R. Tunable non-integer high-harmonic generation in a topological insulator. Nature 2021; 593:385-390. [PMID: 34012087 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
When intense lightwaves accelerate electrons through a solid, the emerging high-order harmonic (HH) radiation offers key insights into the material1-11. Sub-optical-cycle dynamics-such as dynamical Bloch oscillations2-5, quasiparticle collisions6,12, valley pseudospin switching13 and heating of Dirac gases10-leave fingerprints in the HH spectra of conventional solids. Topologically non-trivial matter14,15 with invariants that are robust against imperfections has been predicted to support unconventional HH generation16-20. Here we experimentally demonstrate HH generation in a three-dimensional topological insulator-bismuth telluride. The frequency of the terahertz driving field sharply discriminates between HH generation from the bulk and from the topological surface, where the unique combination of long scattering times owing to spin-momentum locking17 and the quasi-relativistic dispersion enables unusually efficient HH generation. Intriguingly, all observed orders can be continuously shifted to arbitrary non-integer multiples of the driving frequency by varying the carrier-envelope phase of the driving field-in line with quantum theory. The anomalous Berry curvature warranted by the non-trivial topology enforces meandering ballistic trajectories of the Dirac fermions, causing a hallmark polarization pattern of the HH emission. Our study provides a platform to explore topology and relativistic quantum physics in strong-field control, and could lead to non-dissipative topological electronics at infrared frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Schmid
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Weigl
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Grössing
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - V Junk
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Gorini
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Schlauderer
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Ito
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Meierhofer
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - N Hofmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Afanasiev
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Crewse
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K A Kokh
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O E Tereshchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J Güdde
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - F Evers
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Wilhelm
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - K Richter
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - U Höfer
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Kienle GS, Werthmann P, Grotejohann B, Hundhammer T, Schmoor C, Stumpe C, Voigt-Radloff S, Huber R. Addressing COVID-19 challenges in a randomised controlled trial on exercise interventions in a high-risk population. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:287. [PMID: 33933014 PMCID: PMC8087880 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a threat to ongoing clinical trials necessitating regular face-to-face, in-person meetings, particularly in participants with a high risk of complications. Guidance on how to handle and safely continue such trials is lacking. Chronically ill elderly individuals require-in addition to protection from infection-regular physical exercise and social contact to remain healthy. Solutions on how to handle these conflicting necessities are needed. The ENTAIER-randomised controlled trial was investigating the influence of mindful movements on fall risk, fear of falling, mobility, balance, life quality, and other outcomes. The study population was planned to comprise of 550 chronically ill elderly individuals with a high risk of falling. The movements were regularly performed in coached groups over 6 months. After the trial began, COVID-19 lockdowns stopped all in-person meetings, and it was expected that the limitations of this pandemic would continue for a long term. Therefore, the exercise programme, which involved complex movements and was typically conducted face-to-face in groups, had to be substituted by a telemedicine programme within a short timeframe. The objectives, therefore, were to identify challenges and tasks that could to be resolved and steps that could to be taken to achieve high-quality, efficacy, safety, and enable human encounter and motivation. METHODS We proceeded with four steps: 1) A literature review on the quality and feasibility issues of telemedicine in general, and specifically, in exercise training in elderly individuals. 2) Participation in two international telemedicine task forces on integrative medicine, particularly, mind-body medicine. 3) Interviews with study therapists, (for practical purposes, eurythmy therapists and Tai Chi teachers are summarized here as therapists) personnel, and international experts on providing mindful movement exercises and other physiotherapies via live telecommunication technology, and with scientists and patient representatives. 4) Final evaluation by the core trial team and subsequent planning and implementation of changes in the trial organisation. RESULTS Various tasks and challenges were identified: for the technical equipment for therapists and patients; for the ability of therapists and trial participants to adequately manage the technology and telemedicine intervention; the reservations and concerns about the technology among therapists and participants; safety and data protection in using the technology; and study design. The two major options found on how to continue the trial in the COVID-19 situation were a complete switch to telemedicine and a partial switch in the form of risk management implemented into the former design. CONCLUSIONS The management of an ongoing clinical trial in a national or international crisis with a minimum of available time and extra financial resources, alongside with two checklists on steps and procedures for trial continuation and telemedicine implementation, may be informative for other researchers or healthcare providers faced with similar challenges and making similar decisions in the current situation or similar future scenarios. TRAIL REGISTRATION: www.drks.de . DRKS00016609. Registered July 30, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Kienle
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- IFAEMM at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - P Werthmann
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IFAEMM at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Grotejohann
- Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - C Schmoor
- Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ch Stumpe
- Shen Men Institute, Institute for Qigong, Taiji, Acupressure & Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Voigt-Radloff
- Centre for Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology Freiburg, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine (for Cochrane Germany Foundation), Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Mornhinweg J, Halbhuber M, Ciuti C, Bougeard D, Huber R, Lange C. Tailored Subcycle Nonlinearities of Ultrastrong Light-Matter Coupling. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:177404. [PMID: 33988443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.177404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We explore the nonlinear response of tailor-cut light-matter hybrid states in a novel regime, where both the Rabi frequency induced by a coherent driving field and the vacuum Rabi frequency set by a cavity field are comparable to the carrier frequency of light. In this previously unexplored strong-field limit of ultrastrong coupling, subcycle pump-probe and multiwave mixing nonlinearities between different polariton states violate the normal-mode approximation while ultrastrong coupling remains intact, as confirmed by our mean-field model. We expect such custom-cut nonlinearities of hybridized elementary excitations to facilitate nonclassical light sources, quantum phase transitions, or cavity chemistry with virtual photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mornhinweg
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Halbhuber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Ciuti
- Université de Paris, laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - D Bougeard
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Lange
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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17
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Theut Riis P, Loft I, Yazdanyar S, Kjærsgaard Andersen R, Pedersen O, Ring H, Huber R, Sultan M, Loesche C, Saunte D, Jemec G. Full exome sequencing of 11 families with Hidradenitis suppurativa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1203-1211. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Theut Riis
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - I.C. Loft
- Department of Clinical Immunology Naestved Hospital Naestved Denmark
| | - S. Yazdanyar
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | | | - O.B. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology Naestved Hospital Naestved Denmark
| | - H.C. Ring
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - R. Huber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - M. Sultan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - C. Loesche
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - D.M.L. Saunte
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Health Sciences Faculty University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - G.B.E. Jemec
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Health Sciences Faculty University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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18
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Borsch M, Schmid CP, Weigl L, Schlauderer S, Hofmann N, Lange C, Steiner JT, Koch SW, Huber R, Kira M. Super-resolution lightwave tomography of electronic bands in quantum materials. Science 2021; 370:1204-1207. [PMID: 33273100 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Searching for quantum functionalities requires access to the electronic structure, constituting the foundation of exquisite spin-valley-electronic, topological, and many-body effects. All-optical band-structure reconstruction could directly connect electronic structure with the coveted quantum phenomena if strong lightwaves transported localized electrons within preselected bands. Here, we demonstrate that harmonic sideband (HSB) generation in monolayer tungsten diselenide creates distinct electronic interference combs in momentum space. Locating these momentum combs in spectroscopy enables super-resolution tomography of key band-structure details in situ. We experimentally tuned the optical-driver frequency by a full octave and show that the predicted super-resolution manifests in a critical intensity and frequency dependence of HSBs. Our concept offers a practical, all-optical, fully three-dimensional tomography of electronic structure even in microscopically small quantum materials, band by band.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borsch
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C P Schmid
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Weigl
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Schlauderer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - N Hofmann
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Lange
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J T Steiner
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - S W Koch
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - M Kira
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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Huber R, Semmler G, Mayr A, Offner F, Datz C. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in an adult patient: A case report and review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7707-7718. [PMID: 33505146 PMCID: PMC7789053 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i48.7707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), first described in 1961, is a rare disorder of unknown etiology resulting in protein-losing enteropathy. The disease is characterized by dilatation and leakage of intestinal lymph vessels leading to hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia. Since the severity and location of lymph vessels being affected can vary considerably, the range of associated symptoms is wide from mild lower-limb edema to generalized edema, abdominal and/or pleural effusion, and recurrent diarrhea, among others. Although usually developing in early childhood, we present the case of a 34-year-old woman with PIL. Moreover, we performed a literature review systematically assessing clinical presentation, and provide a practical approach to facilitate diagnosis and therapy of PIL in adults.
CASE SUMMARY Our patient presented with unspecific symptoms of abdominal discomfort, fatigue, nausea, and recurrent edema of the lower limbs. Interestingly, a striking collinearity of clinical symptoms with female hormone status was evident. Additionally, polyglobulia, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and transient lymphocytopenia were evident. Due to suspicion of a bone marrow disease, an extensive diagnostic investigation was carried out excluding secondary causes of polyglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. The diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia was established after 22 wk by histological analysis of biopsy samples obtained via enteroscopy. Consecutively, the patient was put on a high-protein and low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides supplementation leading to significant improvement of clinical symptoms until 2 years of follow-up.
CONCLUSION PIL can be the reason for cryptogenic hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia in adulthood. Due to difficulty in correct diagnosis, treatment initiation is often delayed despite being effective and well-tolerated. This leads to a significant disease burden in affected patients. PIL is increasingly been recognized in adults since the majority of case reports were published within the last 10 years, pointing towards an underestimation of the true prevalence. The association with female hormone status warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf 5110, Austria
| | - Georg Semmler
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf 5110, Austria
| | - Alexander Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf 5110, Austria
| | - Felix Offner
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch 6800, Austria
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf 5110, Austria
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20
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Halbhuber M, Mornhinweg J, Zeller V, Ciuti C, Bougeard D, Huber R, Lange C. Non-adiabatic stripping of a cavity field from deep-strongly coupled electrons. Nat Photonics 2020; 14:675-679. [PMID: 34221109 PMCID: PMC7611102 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-020-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Atomically strong light pulses can drive sub-optical-cycle dynamics. When the Rabi frequency - the rate of energy exchange between light and matter - exceeds the optical carrier frequency, fascinating non-perturbative strong-field phenomena emerge, such as high-harmonic generation and lightwave transport. Here, we explore a related novel subcycle regime of ultimately strong light-matter interaction without a coherent driving field. We use the vacuum fluctuations of nanoantennas to drive cyclotron resonances of two-dimensional electron gases to vacuum Rabi frequencies exceeding the carrier frequency. Femtosecond photoactivation of a switch element inside the cavity disrupts this 'deep-strong coupling' more than an order of magnitude faster than the oscillation cycle of light. The abrupt modification of the vacuum ground state causes spectrally broadband polarisation oscillations confirmed by our quantum model. In the future, this subcycle shaping of hybrid quantum states may trigger cavity-induced quantum chemistry, vacuum-modified transport, or cavity-controlled superconductivity, opening new scenarios for non-adiabatic quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halbhuber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Mornhinweg
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - V Zeller
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Ciuti
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - D Bougeard
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Lange
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Mohler KJ, Ehberger D, Gronwald I, Lange C, Huber R, Baum P. Ultrafast electron diffraction from nanophotonic waveforms via dynamical Aharonov-Bohm phases. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/47/eabc8804. [PMID: 33219030 PMCID: PMC7679170 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Electron interferometry via phase-contrast microscopy, holography, or picodiffraction can provide a direct visualization of the static electric and magnetic fields inside or around a material at subatomic precision, but understanding the electromagnetic origin of light-matter interaction requires time resolution as well. Here, we demonstrate that pump-probe electron diffraction with all-optically compressed electron pulses can capture dynamic electromagnetic potentials in a nanophotonic material with sub-light-cycle time resolution via centrosymmetry-violating Bragg spot dynamics. The origin of this effect is a sizable quantum mechanical phase shift that the electron de Broglie wave obtains from the oscillating electromagnetic potentials within less than 1 fs. Coherent electron imaging and scattering can therefore reveal the electromagnetic foundations of light-matter interaction on the level of the cycles of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Mohler
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Ehberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Gronwald
- Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Lange
- Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Baum
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
- Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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22
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Lapierre F, Kustermann A, Huber R. Determination of nutritional requirements of calcite precipitating
Sporosarcina pasteurii
to increase biomass yield for biocementation. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Lapierre
- University of Applied Sciences Munich Department for Engineering and Management Lothstr. 64 80335 Munich Germany
| | - A. Kustermann
- University of Applied Sciences Munich Department of Civil Engineering Karlstr. 6 80333 Munich Germany
| | - R. Huber
- University of Applied Sciences Munich Department for Engineering and Management Lothstr. 64 80335 Munich Germany
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23
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Multhoff G, Seier S, Stangl S, Sievert W, Shevtsov M, Werner C, Pockley AG, Blankenstein C, Hildebrandt M, Offner R, Ahrens N, Kokowski K, Hautmann M, Rödel C, Fietkau R, Lubgan D, Huber R, Hautmann H, Duell T, Molls M, Specht H, Haller B, Devecka M, Sauter A, Combs SE. Targeted Natural Killer Cell-Based Adoptive Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Patients with NSCLC after Radiochemotherapy: A Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5368-5379. [PMID: 32873573 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a fatal disease with poor prognosis. A membrane-bound form of Hsp70 (mHsp70) which is selectively expressed on high-risk tumors serves as a target for mHsp70-targeting natural killer (NK) cells. Patients with advanced mHsp70-positive NSCLC may therefore benefit from a therapeutic intervention involving mHsp70-targeting NK cells. The randomized phase II clinical trial (EudraCT2008-002130-30) explores tolerability and efficacy of ex vivo-activated NK cells in patients with NSCLC after radiochemotherapy (RCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with unresectable, mHsp70-positive NSCLC (stage IIIa/b) received 4 cycles of autologous NK cells activated ex vivo with TKD/IL2 [interventional arm (INT)] after RCT (60-70 Gy, platinum-based chemotherapy) or RCT alone [control arm (CTRL)]. The primary objective was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary objectives were the assessment of quality of life (QoL, QLQ-LC13), toxicity, and immunobiological responses. RESULTS The NK-cell therapy after RCT was well tolerated, and no differences in QoL parameters between the two study arms were detected. Estimated 1-year probabilities for PFS were 67% [95% confidence interval (CI), 19%-90%] for the INT arm and 33% (95% CI, 5%-68%) for the CTRL arm (P = 0.36, 1-sided log-rank test). Clinical responses in the INT group were associated with an increase in the prevalence of activated NK cells in their peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo TKD/IL2-activated, autologous NK cells are well tolerated and deliver positive clinical responses in patients with advanced NSCLC after RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Multhoff
- Department Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, (TUM), Munich, Germany. .,Radiation Immuno-Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research TUM (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Seier
- Department Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Stangl
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research TUM (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research TUM (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research TUM (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Caroline Werner
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research TUM (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - A Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and multimmune GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Robert Offner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Ahrens
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Kokowski
- Pneumology and Pneumologic Oncology, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hautmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorota Lubgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Huber
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology Centre Munich and Thoracic Oncology Centre Munich, University München, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Hubert Hautmann
- Pneumology Group Med I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Duell
- Asklepios Lung Hospital München-Gauting, Thoracal Pneumology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Molls
- Department Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hanno Specht
- Department Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Michal Devecka
- Department Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
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Du Preez CI, Gründemann C, Reinhardt JK, Mumbengegwi DR, Huber R. Immunomodulatory effects of some Namibian plants traditionally used for treating inflammatory diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 254:112683. [PMID: 32087321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthosicyos naudininus, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, and Cryptolepis decidua are, according to the knowledge of traditional healers, used in Namibia to treat inflammatory disorders such as pain, fever and skin rashes. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of action of the plant extracts on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) such as T-lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic and EtOAc extracts of A. naudinianus, G. fruticosus and C. decidua were analysed for their immunomodulatory potential. PBMCs were isolated from the blood of healthy donors and incubated with the plant extracts at concentrations 100, 30, 10, 3, 1 and 0.3 μg/mL. Effects on proliferation and viability of activated human lymphocytes were assessed in comparison to ciclosporin A by flow cytometry using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and WST-1 assay. Flow cytometry by annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining was performed to investigate the necrotic/apoptotic effect of the plant extracts on mitogen-activated human lymphocytes. In addition, analysis of the influence of plant extracts on the regulatory mechanisms of T-lymphocytes was performed using activation marker and cytokine production assays. An HPLC-PDA-ELSD-ESIMS profile was recorded for each of the extracts. RESULTS T-lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the extracts of A. naudinianus, G. fruticosus, and C. decidua in concentrations not causing apoptosis or necrosis. This effect was mediated by inhibition of lymphocyte activation, specifically the suppression of CD25 and CD69 surface receptor expression. Moreover, the extracts suppressed effector functions, as indicated by reduced production of IFN-γ and IL-2. Based on the HPLC profile, possible responsible compound classes could be identified for the extracts of A. naudinianus (cucurbitacins) and C. decidua (indole alkaloids), but not for G. fruticosus. CONCLUSIONS The data show that the extracts of A. naudinianus, G. fruticosus and C. decidua have in vitro immunomodulatory activity and they interfere with the function of immunocompetent cells, suggesting an anti-inflammatory mode-of-action. The present chemical determination and pattern recognition results explain the therapeutic potency. However, further studies to investigate the therapeutic potential of the plants in inflammatory disorders should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Du Preez
- Programme for Traditional Medicine and Drug Discovery, Multidisciplinary Research Centre, University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pioneers Park, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - C Gründemann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - J K Reinhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - D R Mumbengegwi
- Programme for Traditional Medicine and Drug Discovery, Multidisciplinary Research Centre, University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pioneers Park, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - R Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Breisacherstr. 115B, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Kienle GS, Werthmann PG, Grotejohann B, Kaier K, Steinbrenner I, Voigt-Radloff S, Huber R. A multi-centre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of eurythmy therapy and tai chi in comparison with standard care in chronically ill elderly patients with increased risk of falling (ENTAiER): a trial protocol. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:108. [PMID: 32183768 PMCID: PMC7076928 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In elderly poeple, multimorbidity and polypharmacy increase while sensory, motor and cognitive functions decrease. Falls occur in 30% of people aged 65 years and older at least once per year, with injuries at 10-20%. Reducing falls and enhancing physical, emotional and cognitive capacities are essential for healthy aging despite chronic disease. Eurythmy therapy (EYT) and Tai Chi train balance, mobility and concentrative and sensory capacities. METHODS In eight trial sites (academic or community hospitals), 550 outpatients aged 65 years and older with chronic disease and increased risk of falling (history of imbalance, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score ≤ 49) will be randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive either EYT or Tai Chi (each provided in one-hour group sessions, twice, later once per week plus practice at home, for over 24 weeks) added to standard care or standard care alone. Standard care includes a detailed written recommendation on fall prevention and the visit of a primary care doctor. Seniors living a reclusive life or economically disadvantaged elderly will be particularly addressed. A motivation and communication concept supports the trial participants' compliance with trial procedures and practicing. Public and patient representatives are involved in the planning and conduction of the trial. Falls will be documented daily in a diary by the participants. These falls as well as injuries and complications will be ascertained during monthly phone visits. The falls efficacy scale, BBS, cognition (MoCA), Mood (GDS-15), quality of life (SF12), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), use of medical and non-medical services (FIMA) and adherence will be assessed at months 3, 6, and 12 and inner correspondence with practices (ICPH) at month 6. The trial is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01GL1805). DISCUSSION This study will determine whether EYT and Tai Chi reduce falls, injurious falls, fear of falling and healthcare utilisation and improve mobility, cognition, mood, quality of life and functional independence. A reduction of fall risk and fear of falling and an improvement of mobility, autonomy, quality of life, mood, and cognition are highly relevant for older people to cope with aging and diseases and to reduce healthcare costs. TRAIL REGISTRATION: www.drks.de. DRKS00016609. Registered 30th July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Kienle
- Center for Complementary Medicine; Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- IFAEMM at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - P G Werthmann
- Center for Complementary Medicine; Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IFAEMM at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Grotejohann
- Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Kaier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Division Methods in Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - I Steinbrenner
- Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Voigt-Radloff
- Center for Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology Freiburg, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine (for Cochrane Germany Foundation), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine; Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Merkl P, Mooshammer F, Steinleitner P, Girnghuber A, Lin KQ, Nagler P, Holler J, Schüller C, Lupton JM, Korn T, Ovesen S, Brem S, Malic E, Huber R. Ultrafast transition between exciton phases in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat Mater 2019; 18:691-696. [PMID: 30962556 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures of atomically thin van der Waals bonded monolayers have opened a unique platform to engineer Coulomb correlations, shaping excitonic1-3, Mott insulating4 or superconducting phases5,6. In transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures7, electrons and holes residing in different monolayers can bind into spatially indirect excitons1,3,8-11 with a strong potential for optoelectronics11,12, valleytronics1,3,13, Bose condensation14, superfluidity14,15 and moiré-induced nanodot lattices16. Yet these ideas require a microscopic understanding of the formation, dissociation and thermalization dynamics of correlations including ultrafast phase transitions. Here we introduce a direct ultrafast access to Coulomb correlations between monolayers, where phase-locked mid-infrared pulses allow us to measure the binding energy of interlayer excitons in WSe2/WS2 hetero-bilayers by revealing a novel 1s-2p resonance, explained by a fully quantum mechanical model. Furthermore, we trace, with subcycle time resolution, the transformation of an exciton gas photogenerated in the WSe2 layer directly into interlayer excitons. Depending on the stacking angle, intra- and interlayer species coexist on picosecond scales and the 1s-2p resonance becomes renormalized. Our work provides a direct measurement of the binding energy of interlayer excitons and opens the possibility to trace and control correlations in novel artificial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Merkl
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Mooshammer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Steinleitner
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Girnghuber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K-Q Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Nagler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Holler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Schüller
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J M Lupton
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Korn
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Ovesen
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Brem
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Malic
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Matthes H, Hofheinz RD, Bar-Sela G, Galun D, Martin D, Huber R, Langhorts J, Matthiessen PF, Schad F. Letter to the editors of the Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2405-2407. [PMID: 31115671 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Matthes
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics and Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité CCM and CBF, Berlin, Germany.
| | - R-D Hofheinz
- Interdisciplinary Tumour Centre Mannheim, University Medicine of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - D Galun
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade and Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Martin
- Gerhard Kienle Chair for Medical Theory, Integrative and Anthroposophical Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Langhorts
- Clinic for Integrative Medicine and Naturopathy, Social Foundation Bamberg, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Bamberg, Germany
| | - P F Matthiessen
- Institute for Integrative Medicine at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - F Schad
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
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Kim D, Huber R, Ahn M, Langer C, Tiseo M, West H, Groen H, Reckamp K, Hochmair M, Leighl N, Hansen K, Gettinger S, Paz-Ares Rodriguez L, Kim E, Smit E, Kim S, Reichmann W, Kerstein D, Camidge D. Brigatinib in crizotinib-refractory ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): efficacy updates and exploratory analysis of target lesion response by baseline brain lesion status in the ALTA Trial. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reimann J, Schlauderer S, Schmid CP, Langer F, Baierl S, Kokh KA, Tereshchenko OE, Kimura A, Lange C, Güdde J, Höfer U, Huber R. Subcycle observation of lightwave-driven Dirac currents in a topological surface band. Nature 2018; 562:396-400. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Langer F, Schmid CP, Schlauderer S, Gmitra M, Fabian J, Nagler P, Schüller C, Korn T, Hawkins PG, Steiner JT, Huttner U, Koch SW, Kira M, Huber R. Lightwave valleytronics in a monolayer of tungsten diselenide. Nature 2018; 557:76-80. [PMID: 29720633 PMCID: PMC6205603 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As conventional electronics is approaching its ultimate limits1, nanoscience has urgently sought for novel fast control concepts of electrons at the fundamental quantum level2. Lightwave electronics3 – the foundation of attosecond science4 – utilizes the oscillating carrier wave of intense light pulses to control the translational motion of the electron’s charge faster than a single cycle of light5–15. Despite being particularly promising information carriers, the internal quantum attributes of spin16 and valley pseudospin17–19 have not been switchable on the subcycle scale20–21. Here we demonstrate lightwave-driven changes of the valley pseudospin and introduce distinct signatures in the optical read out. Photogenerated electron–hole pairs in a monolayer of tungsten diselenide are accelerated and collided by a strong lightwave. The emergence of high odd-order sidebands and anomalous changes in their polarization direction directly attest to the ultrafast pseudospin dynamics. Quantitative computations combining density-functional theory with a non-perturbative quantum many-body approach assign the polarization of the sidebands to a lightwave-induced change of the valley pseudospin and confirm that the process is coherent and adiabatic. Our work opens the door to systematic valleytronic logic at optical clock rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Langer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C P Schmid
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Schlauderer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Gmitra
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Fabian
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Nagler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Schüller
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Korn
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P G Hawkins
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - J T Steiner
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - U Huttner
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - S W Koch
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Kira
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Fattinger S, Bölsterli Heinzle B, Ramantani G, Abela L, Schmitt B, Huber R. Can closed-loop acoustic stimulation during sleep influence spike wave activity? – a pilot study in patients with childhood epilepsies. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schoch S, Riedner B, Dean D, O'Muircheartaigh J, Deoni S, Huber R, Jenni O, LeBourgeois M, Kurth S. EEG signatures of brain maturation in children: age-related and across-night dynamics in spatial propagation of slow oscillations. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Krugliakova E, Rytz M, Fattinger S, Huber R. Spatio-temporal characterization of theta and sigma power following auditory stimulation during slow-wave sleep. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schoch S, Jenni O, Huber R, Kurth S. Concerns about your baby's sleep: maternal cognitions and infant sleep at 3 and 6 months of age. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stump J, Reu S, Ballesteros-Merino C, Karches C, Gosálvez J, Tufman A, Kobold S, Neumann J, Feng Z, Hatz R, Sanborn R, Handy J, Fox B, Bifulco C, Huber R, Winter H. P1.07-019 Immune Cell Infiltrates in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Interleukin-22 Expression. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gründemann C, Arnhold M, Meier S, Bäcker C, Garcia-Käufer M, Grunewald F, Steinborn C, Klemd Amy M, Wille R, Huber R, Lindequist U. Effects of Inonotus hispidus extracts and compounds on human immunocompetent cells. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Arnhold
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Meier
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Bäcker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Garcia-Käufer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Grunewald
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Steinborn
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Klemd Amy
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Wille
- ABNOBA GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany, Pforzheim, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Greifswald, Germany
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KOLB J, Klee J, Klein T, Kufner C, Wieser W, Neubauer A, Huber R. Ultrawidefield OCT. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.P. KOLB
- University of Lubeck; Institute of Biomedical Optics; Lübeck Germany
| | - J. Klee
- University of Lubeck; Institute of Biomedical Optics; Lübeck Germany
| | | | - C. Kufner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Faculty of Physics; Munich Germany
| | | | - A. Neubauer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Eye Clinic; Munich Germany
| | - R. Huber
- University of Lubeck; Institute of Biomedical Optics; Lübeck Germany
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Langer F, Hohenleutner M, Huttner U, Koch SW, Kira M, Huber R. Symmetry-controlled time structure of high-harmonic carrier fields from a solid. Nat Photonics 2017; 11:227-231. [PMID: 28572835 PMCID: PMC5447365 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic (HH) generation in crystalline solids1-6 marks an exciting development, with potential applications in high-efficiency attosecond sources7, all-optical bandstructure reconstruction8,9, and quasiparticle collisions10,11. Although the spectral1-4 and temporal shape5 of the HH intensity has been described microscopically1-6,12, the properties of the underlying HH carrier wave have remained elusive. Here we analyse the train of HH waveforms generated in a crystalline solid by consecutive half cycles of the same driving pulse. Extending the concept of frequency combs13-15 to optical clock rates, we show how the polarization and carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of HH pulses can be controlled by crystal symmetry. For some crystal directions, we can separate two orthogonally polarized HH combs mutually offset by the driving frequency to form a comb of even and odd harmonic orders. The corresponding CEP of successive pulses is constant or offset by π, depending on the polarization. In the context of a quantum description of solids, we identify novel capabilities for polarization- and phase-shaping of HH waveforms that cannot be accessed with gaseous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Langer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Hohenleutner
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - U. Huttner
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S. W. Koch
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M. Kira
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R. Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Tufman A, Siokou F, Mueller-Lisse U, Berger F, Kahnert K, Pfluger T, Reu S, Stump J, Winter H, Huber R. P1.03-027 Clinical and Histological Features Associated with SUV in FDG-PET-CT in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Lung. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Camidge DR, Tiseo M, Ahn MJ, Reckamp K, Hansen K, Kim SW, Huber R, West H, Groen H, Hochmair M, Leighl N, Gettinger S, Langer C, Paz-Ares L, Smit E, Kim E, Reichmann W, Clackson T, Kerstein D, Haluska F, Kim DW. P3.02a-013 Brigatinib in Crizotinib-Refractory ALK+ NSCLC: Central Assessment and Updates from ALTA, a Pivotal Randomized Phase 2 Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Baierl S, Mentink JH, Hohenleutner M, Braun L, Do TM, Lange C, Sell A, Fiebig M, Woltersdorf G, Kampfrath T, Huber R. Terahertz-Driven Nonlinear Spin Response of Antiferromagnetic Nickel Oxide. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:197201. [PMID: 27858446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.197201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz magnetic fields with amplitudes of up to 0.4 Tesla drive magnon resonances in nickel oxide while the induced dynamics is recorded by femtosecond magneto-optical probing. We observe distinct spin-mediated optical nonlinearities, including oscillations at the second harmonic of the 1 THz magnon mode. The latter originate from coherent dynamics of the longitudinal component of the antiferromagnetic order parameter, which are probed by magneto-optical effects of second order in the spin deflection. These observations allow us to dynamically disentangle electronic from lattice-related contributions to magnetic linear birefringence and dichroism-information so far only accessible by ultrafast THz spin control. The nonlinearities discussed here foreshadow physics that will become essential in future subcycle spin switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baierl
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - J H Mentink
- Radboud University, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Hohenleutner
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Braun
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T-M Do
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Lange
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Sell
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz and TOPTICA Photonics AG, Lochhamer Schlag 19, 82166 Gräfelfing, Germany
| | - M Fiebig
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - T Kampfrath
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Kim D, Tiseo M, Ahn M, Reckamp K, Holmskov Hansen K, Kim S, Huber R, West H, Groen H, Hochmair M, Leighl N, Gettinger S, Langer C, Paz-Ares Rodriguez L, Smit E, Reichmann W, Kerstein D, Haluska F, Camidge D. Brigatinib (BRG) in Crizotinib (CRZ)-Refractory ALK+ Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): efficacy and safety results from ALTA, a pivotal randomized phase 2 Trial. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw332.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Schattner A, Dubin I, Huber R, Gelber M. Hypocalcaemia of malignancy. Neth J Med 2016; 74:231-239. [PMID: 27571720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercalcaemia of malignancy is well recognised, but hypocalcaemia in cancer patients is not, although it is increasingly encountered. METHODS Analysis of an exemplary case and a narrative review of the literature based on the search terms cancer and hypocalcaemia. RESULTS Hypocalcaemia may affect as many as 10% of hospitalised cancer patients. We identified 12 different potential mechanisms of hypocalcaemia of malignancy. Identifying the pathogenesis is essential for the correct treatment and can usually be performed at the bedside, based on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, creatinine, phosphate, magnesium, creatine kinase, liver enzymes and 25(OH)D. Essentially, decreased or normal PTH hypocalcaemia is seen after removal or destruction of its source, hypomagnesaemia, or cinacalcet treatment. In all other cancer-associated hypocalcaemia, PTH is elevated, including significant renal impairment, critically ill patients, extensive cell destruction (rhabdomyolysis, tumour lysis, haemolysis), acute pancreatitis, adverse drug reactions, cancer or cancer treatment-related malabsorption syndromes, vitamin D deficiency, or osteoblastic metastases. Different mechanisms may often operate in tandem. Pathogenesis determines treatment and affects prognosis. However, hypocalcaemia of malignancy as such did not imply a worse prognosis, in contrast with hypercalcaemia. CONCLUSION Hypocalcaemia in cancer patients is commonly encountered, particularly in hospitalised patients, may be mediated by diverse mechanisms and should be better recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schattner
- Department of Medicine, Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Center, Netanya and the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hoffmann A, Klein SD, Gründemann C, Garcia-Käufer M, Wolf U, Huber R. Efficacy of a Nasal Spray from Citrus limon and Cydonia oblonga for the Treatment of Hay Fever Symptoms-A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Cross-Over Study. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1481-6. [PMID: 27282490 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasal spray from lemon and quince (LQNS) is used to treat hay fever symptoms and has been shown to inhibit histamine release from mast cells in vitro. Forty-three patients with grass pollen allergy (GPA) were randomized to be treated either with placebo or LQNS for one week, respectively, in a cross-over study. At baseline and after the respective treatments patients were provoked with grass pollen allergen. Outcome parameters were nasal flow measured with rhinomanometry (primary), a nasal symptom score, histamine in the nasal mucus and tolerability. In the per protocol population absolute inspiratory nasal flow 10 and 20 min after provocation was higher with LQNS compared to placebo (-37 ± 87 mL/s; p = 0.027 and -44 ± 85 mL/s; p = 0.022). The nasal symptom score showed a trend (3.3 ± 1.8 in the placebo and 2.8 ± 1.5 in the LQNS group; p = 0.070) in favor of LQNS; the histamine concentration was not significantly different between the groups. Tolerability of both, LQNS and placebo, was rated as very good. LQNS seems to have an anti-allergic effect in patients with GPA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hoffmann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - S D Klein
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Garcia-Käufer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Wolf
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
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45
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Langer F, Hohenleutner M, Schmid CP, Poellmann C, Nagler P, Korn T, Schüller C, Sherwin MS, Huttner U, Steiner JT, Koch SW, Kira M, Huber R. Lightwave-driven quasiparticle collisions on a subcycle timescale. Nature 2016; 533:225-9. [PMID: 27172045 PMCID: PMC5034899 DOI: 10.1038/nature17958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ever since Ernest Rutherford scattered α-particles from gold foils, collision experiments have revealed insights into atoms, nuclei and elementary particles. In solids, many-body correlations lead to characteristic resonances--called quasiparticles--such as excitons, dropletons, polarons and Cooper pairs. The structure and dynamics of quasiparticles are important because they define macroscopic phenomena such as Mott insulating states, spontaneous spin- and charge-order, and high-temperature superconductivity. However, the extremely short lifetimes of these entities make practical implementations of a suitable collider challenging. Here we exploit lightwave-driven charge transport, the foundation of attosecond science, to explore ultrafast quasiparticle collisions directly in the time domain: a femtosecond optical pulse creates excitonic electron-hole pairs in the layered dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide while a strong terahertz field accelerates and collides the electrons with the holes. The underlying dynamics of the wave packets, including collision, pair annihilation, quantum interference and dephasing, are detected as light emission in high-order spectral sidebands of the optical excitation. A full quantum theory explains our observations microscopically. This approach enables collision experiments with various complex quasiparticles and suggests a promising new way of generating sub-femtosecond pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Langer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Hohenleutner
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C P Schmid
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Poellmann
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Nagler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Korn
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Schüller
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M S Sherwin
- Department of Physics and the Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - U Huttner
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - J T Steiner
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - S W Koch
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Kira
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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46
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Tanislav C, Grittner U, Fazekas F, Thijs V, Tatlisumak T, Huber R, von Sarnowski B, Putaala J, Schmidt R, Kropp P, Norrving B, Martus P, Gramsch C, Giese AK, Rolfs A, Enzinger C. Frequency and predictors of acute ischaemic lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging in young patients with a clinical diagnosis of transient ischaemic attack. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1174-82. [PMID: 27105904 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lesions in patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are important as they are associated with increased risk for recurrence. Characteristics associated with acute lesions in young TIA patients were therefore investigated. METHODS The sifap1 study prospectively recruited a multinational European cohort (n = 5023) of patients aged 18-55 years with acute cerebrovascular event. The detection of acute ischaemic lesions was based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The frequency of DWI lesions was assessed in 829 TIA patients who met the criteria of symptom duration <24 h and their association with demographic, clinical and imaging variables was analysed. RESULTS The median age was 46 years (interquartile range 40-51 years); 45% of the patients were female. In 121 patients (15%) ≥1 acute DWI lesion was detected. In 92 patients, DWI lesions were found in the anterior circulation, mostly located in cortical-subcortical areas (n = 63). Factors associated with DWI lesions in multiple regression analysis were left hemispheric presenting symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-2.91], dysarthria (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.38-3.43) and old brain infarctions on MRI (territories of the middle and posterior cerebral artery: OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.42-4.15; OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.02-5.69, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In young patients with a clinical TIA 15% demonstrated acute DWI lesions on brain MRI, with an event pattern highly suggestive of an embolic origin. Except for the association with previous infarctions there was no clear clinical predictor for acute ischaemic lesions, which indicates the need to obtain MRI in young individuals with TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tanislav
- Department of Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - U Grittner
- Department for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Fazekas
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - V Thijs
- Clinical and Experimental Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Tatlisumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology and Department of Neurology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Huber
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - B von Sarnowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Putaala
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology and Department of Neurology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Kropp
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - B Norrving
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Martus
- Department for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Gramsch
- Department of Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - A K Giese
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Müller-Lisse U, Marwitz L, Tufman A, Huber R, Reiser M, Paolini M. Gleiche Abbildungsqualität mediastinaler, hilärer und peripherer Lymphknoten bei der kontrastverstärkten 64-Zeilen-Thorax-CT mit einem Ein-Millisievert-Protokoll wie mit Standard-Dosis. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1581815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Huber MA, Plankl M, Eisele M, Marvel RE, Sandner F, Korn T, Schüller C, Haglund RF, Huber R, Cocker TL. Ultrafast Mid-Infrared Nanoscopy of Strained Vanadium Dioxide Nanobeams. Nano Lett 2016; 16:1421-7. [PMID: 26771106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Long regarded as a model system for studying insulator-to-metal phase transitions, the correlated electron material vanadium dioxide (VO2) is now finding novel uses in device applications. Two of its most appealing aspects are its accessible transition temperature (∼341 K) and its rich phase diagram. Strain can be used to selectively stabilize different VO2 insulating phases by tuning the competition between electron and lattice degrees of freedom. It can even break the mesoscopic spatial symmetry of the transition, leading to a quasiperiodic ordering of insulating and metallic nanodomains. Nanostructuring of strained VO2 could potentially yield unique components for future devices. However, the most spectacular property of VO2--its ultrafast transition--has not yet been studied on the length scale of its phase heterogeneity. Here, we use ultrafast near-field microscopy in the mid-infrared to study individual, strained VO2 nanobeams on the 10 nm scale. We reveal a previously unseen correlation between the local steady-state switching susceptibility and the local ultrafast response to below-threshold photoexcitation. These results suggest that it may be possible to tailor the local photoresponse of VO2 using strain and thereby realize new types of ultrafast nano-optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Plankl
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Eisele
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R E Marvel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1807, United States
| | - F Sandner
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Korn
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Schüller
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R F Haglund
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1807, United States
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - T L Cocker
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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50
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Poellmann C, Steinleitner P, Leierseder U, Nagler P, Plechinger G, Porer M, Bratschitsch R, Schüller C, Korn T, Huber R. Resonant internal quantum transitions and femtosecond radiative decay of excitons in monolayer WSe2. Nat Mater 2015; 14:889-893. [PMID: 26168345 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional crystals have revolutionized materials science. In particular, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides promise novel optoelectronic applications, owing to their direct energy gaps in the optical range. Their electronic and optical properties are dominated by Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs called excitons, whose unusual internal structure, symmetry, many-body effects and dynamics have been vividly discussed. Here we report the first direct experimental access to all 1s A excitons, regardless of momentum--inside and outside the radiative cone--in single-layer WSe2. Phase-locked mid-infrared pulses reveal the internal orbital 1s-2p resonance, which is highly sensitive to the shape of the excitonic envelope functions and provides accurate transition energies, oscillator strengths, densities and linewidths. Remarkably, the observed decay dynamics indicates an ultrafast radiative annihilation of small-momentum excitons within 150 fs, whereas Auger recombination prevails for optically dark states. The results provide a comprehensive view of excitons and introduce a new degree of freedom for quantum control, optoelectronics and valleytronics of dichalcogenide monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Poellmann
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Steinleitner
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - U Leierseder
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Nagler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Plechinger
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Porer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Bratschitsch
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Schüller
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Korn
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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