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Scheetz S, Prochaska M, Roy R, Nguyen KT. Improving Direct Admissions to Internal Medicine Services. J Patient Saf 2024; 20:222-226. [PMID: 38345393 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct admissions from clinic or home to the hospital may improve efficiency and reduce emergency room utilization, but nonoptimized processes may increase the risk of harm during the transition of care. Our multidisciplinary team aimed to understand and improve the process of directly admitting patients to inpatient medicine services at a large academic medical center. METHODS In this single-institution quality improvement initiative, we identified key communication gaps within the direct admission process and implemented a handoff tool in the form of a templated note and order set to bridge those communication gaps. The primary outcome measure was the monthly utilization rate of the handoff note as a surrogate for handoffs and uptake of the intervention. RESULTS We launched our intervention in April 2022. We achieved sustained use of the SmartText and a peak of 24% of direct admissions utilizing the SmartText in January 2023. Based on feedback during Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, we added direct admission instructions for outpatient teams to follow in the order set and reduced text in the handoff note. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the design and implementation of a quality improvement initiative to identify and address communication gaps for direct admissions of adult medicine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Scheetz
- From the University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Roy R, Guile B, Sun D, Szasz T, Singulane CC, Nguyen D, Abutaleb A, Lang RM, Addetia K. Right Ventricular Thrombus on Echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2024; 211:64-68. [PMID: 37918474 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular thrombi (RVTs) have been almost exclusively studied in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). The implications of an isolated RVT, a finding typically encountered on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), are lacking. In this study, we sought to identify the echocardiographic and clinical features associated with the presence of RVTs. Between 1998 and 2023, 138 patients with RVT documented on TTE were retrospectively identified. Demographic data, presence of intracardiac devices, hypercoagulable conditions, history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), PE, and/or left ventricular thrombus were abstracted from electronic chart review. Measurements of right and left ventricular size, and function were performed on TTE. Of the total population of patients with RVT, <1/2 had intracardiac devices, 29% had a documented hypercoagulable state (e.g., cancer or a clotting disorder). Most patients had dilated (77%) and dysfunctional (72%) right ventricles. Approximately 50% of RVTs were discovered in nonstandard imaging planes, suggesting that the presence of RVT is likely underestimated in clinical practice. Of those evaluated for PE, 80% had PE. Of those evaluated for DVT, 53% had DVT. In conclusion, further investigations are warranted to better guide when to investigate the right ventricle for RVTs on TTE and the impact of RVTs on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmini Roy
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brittney Guile
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deyu Sun
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Teodora Szasz
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cristiane C Singulane
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Denis Nguyen
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abdulrahman Abutaleb
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto M Lang
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karima Addetia
- Section of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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3
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Jiao L, Bujnowski D, Liu P, Bakota E, Liu L, Ye Y, Dewangan A, Duong CN, Kviten E, Zaheer S, Zangeneh A, Roy R, Floyd J, Monroy J, Wiltz-Beckham D. Asthma and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in a community setting. Public Health 2024; 226:84-90. [PMID: 38016200 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between asthma and COVID-19 mortality remains inconclusive. We examined the association between asthma and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study based on a surveillance cohort in Harris County, Texas. METHODS Using the data of 21,765 patients who reported having at least one chronic health condition, we investigated the association between asthma and COVID-19 severity, characterized primarily by hospitalization and death. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the multivariable odds ratio (mOR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) of COVID-19 severity associated with asthma and other chronic lung diseases, adjusting for demographic and other comorbidities. A P-value < 0.005 was considered statistically significant after correcting multiple testing. RESULTS In total, 3034 patients (13.9 %) had asthma, and 774 (3.56 %) had other chronic lung diseases. The case death rate among patients with asthma and other chronic lung diseases was 0.75 % and 19.0 %, respectively. Compared to patients without the respective conditions, patients with asthma had lower odds of death (mOR = 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.69), while patients with other chronic lung diseases had higher odds of hospitalization (mOR = 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.68-2.42) and death (mOR = 1.95, 95 % CI: 1.52-2.49) (P-values < 0.005). Risk factors for COVID-19 mortality included older age, male gender, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, active cancer, and chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS The public health surveillance data suggested that preexisting asthma was inversely associated with COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jiao
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA.
| | - D Bujnowski
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - P Liu
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - E Bakota
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - L Liu
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - Y Ye
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - A Dewangan
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - C N Duong
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - E Kviten
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - S Zaheer
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - A Zangeneh
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - R Roy
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - J Floyd
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - J Monroy
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - D Wiltz-Beckham
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
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Roy R, Mayer MM, Dzekem BS, Laiteerapong N. Screening for Emotional Distress in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1165-1174. [PMID: 37610597 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we discuss the relationship between emotional distress and common cardiovascular disease condition, including coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, mechanical circulatory support, and heart transplant. We review screening measures that have been studied and used in clinical practice for each condition, as well as priorities for future research. RECENT FINDINGS Studies consistently demonstrate failing to identify and treat emotional distress in patients with cardiovascular disease is associated with adverse outcomes. However, routine emotional distress screening is not formally recommended for all cardiovascular disease conditions and is limited to depression screening in select patient populations. Future research should focus on evaluating the validity and reliability of standardized screening measures across the scope of emotional distress in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular disease. Other areas of future research include implementation of evidence-based pharmaceutical treatments and integrated behavioral health approaches and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmini Roy
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 3051, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael M Mayer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 3051, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bonaventure S Dzekem
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 3051, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Neda Laiteerapong
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 3051, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 3051, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Roy R, Han J, Mathew R, Di Santo P, Hibbert B, Neyestanak M, Grinstein J, Belkin MN. Sex-Based Differences in Hemodynamic Response to Inotropes: A Subanalysis of the DOREMI Trial. JACC Heart Fail 2023; 11:1275-1277. [PMID: 37480883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
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Roy R, Cannata A, Bhatti P, Daniel A, Rosmini S, Birkenshaw A, Rind I, Sado D, Piper S, Scott P, McDonagh T, Bromage D. Accuracy of ICD-10 codes for patients with acute myocarditis: a retrospective study at a large tertiary centre in London, UK. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute myocarditis (AM) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that is associated with heterogenous clinical presentations, which may be non-specific. Furthermore, several cardiac diseases can mimic its clinical phenotype. Research in AM frequently utilises ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions for case identification. We retrospectively confirmed or refuted a diagnosis of AM according to ESC Position Statement criteria in patients with an ICD-10 code for AM.
Methods
We performed a single-centre retrospective analysis of all unique admissions with ICD-10 codes corresponding to myocarditis or myopericarditis in the first three coding positions at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom. The diagnosis was classified as “confirmed” if proven by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) or endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) or “suspected” in the absence of CMR or EMB if other ESC Position Statement criteria were met. To identify additional cases, we used an open-source retrieval system for unstructured clinical data (CogStack). We searched hospital and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge summaries for inpatients discharged alive containing the keywords “myocarditis” or “myopericarditis”. We also searched for patients who died during the study period where the keywords “myocarditis” or “myopericarditis” were included on the death notification.
Results
We identified 308 unique admissions with an ICD-10 code for myocarditis or myopericarditis in this study, presenting between 2008 and 2020 (Figure 1). Overall, 26.0% of patients (n=80/308) could be excluded from a diagnosis of AM on review of the clinical summary. A total of 16.2% of patients (n=50/308) had insufficient evidence of AM, 1.9% (n=6/308) had not had coronary artery disease excluded as a culprit for the presentation, and 10.1% (n=31/308) had an alternative diagnosis. Only 45.8% (n=141/308) of all patients met criteria for suspected or confirmed AM. Of those, 86.5% (n=122/141) of cases were confirmed by CMR. Overall, 39.6% of patients with an ICD-10 code indicating AM had a confirmed diagnosis. An additional 46 suspected and 197 confirmed cases were identified using open-source retrieval from unstructured clinical data.
Conclusion
AM has heterogenous and sometimes non-specific clinical presentations, which may be compounded by limited access to CMR and EMB. We identified significant misclassification using ICD-10 codes. It is crucial to ensure that studies investigating AM include only patients meeting appropriate diagnostic criteria, thereby ensuring a high-quality evidence base in this disease.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roy
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Cannata
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - P Bhatti
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Daniel
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - S Rosmini
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | | | - I Rind
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - D Sado
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - S Piper
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - P Scott
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - T McDonagh
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - D Bromage
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
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Ahmed F, Roy R. A Literature Review of Diagnostic Applicability of ICD 11 Classification of Personality Disorders in Comparison with ICD 10. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9564016 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personality disorders are frequently encountered by all healthcare professionals and can often pose a diagnostic dilemma due to the crossover of different traits amongst the various subtypes. The ICD 10 classification comprised of succinct parameters of the 10 subtypes of personality disorders but lacked a global approach to address the complexity of the disease. The ICD 11 classification provides a more structural approach to aid in clinical diagnosis. Objectives A literature review of the diagnostic applicability of ICD 11 classification of personality disorders is presented in comparison with the ICD 10 classification. Methods A retrospective analysis of the literature outlining the ICD 10 and 11 classifications of personality disorders, exploring the differences in evidence-based applications of both. Results The ICD 11 classification of personality disorders supersedes the ICD 10 classification in describing the severity of the personality dysfunction in conjunction with a wide range of trait domain qualifiers, thus enabling the clinician to portray the disease dynamically. The current evidence available on the utility of the ICD 11 classification gives a promising outlook for its application in clinical settings. Conclusions The ICD 11 has transformed the classification of personality disorders by projecting a dimensional description of personality functioning, aiming to overcome the diagnostic deficiencies in the ICD 10 classification. The versatility offered by the application of the ICD 11 classification can be pivotal in reshaping the focus and intensity of clinical management of the disease. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Jonniya NA, Sk MF, Roy R, Kar P. Discovery of potential competitive inhibitors against With-No-Lysine kinase 1 for treating hypertension by virtual screening, inverse pharmacophore-based lead optimization, and molecular dynamics simulations. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2022; 33:63-87. [PMID: 35078380 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.2023218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The With-No-Lysine (WNK) has received attention because of its involvement in hypertension. Genetic mutation in the genes of WNK, leading to its overexpression, has been reported in Familial Hyperkalaemic Hypertension, and thus WNK is considered a potential drug target. Herein, we have performed a high-throughput virtual screening of ~11,000 compounds, mainly the natural phytochemical compounds and kinase inhibitory libraries, to find potential competitive inhibitors against WNK1. Initially, candidates with a docking score of ~ -10.0 kcal/mol or less were selected to further screen their good pharmacological properties by applying absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). Finally, six docked compounds bearing appreciable binding affinities and WNK1 selectivity were complimented with 500 ns long all-atom molecular dynamic simulations. Subsequently, the MMPBSA scheme (Molecular Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area) suggested three phytochemical compounds, C00000947, C00020451, and C00005031, with favourable binding affinity against WNK1. Among them, C00000947 acts as the most potent competitive inhibitor of WNK1. Further, inverse pharmacophore-based lead optimization of the C00000947 leads to one potential compound, meciadanol, which shows better binding affinity and specificity than C00000947 towards WNK1, which may be further exploited to develop effective therapeutics against WNK1-associated hypertension after in vitro and in vivo validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - M F Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - P Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Sk MF, Haridev S, Roy R, Kar P. Investigating potency of TMC-126 against wild-type and mutant variants of HIV-1 protease: a molecular dynamics and free energy study. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2021; 32:941-962. [PMID: 34787532 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1999318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A detailed computational study was performed to investigate the conformational changes of flap region and the mechanism underlying the binding of the inhibitor TMC-126 to HIV-1 protease (PR1) and its mutant variants through molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann (MM-PBSA) free energy calculation. Further, we have studied the effectiveness of the inhibitor against HIV-2 protease (PR2). The MM-PBSA calculation suggests that TMC-126 loses its potency against mutant variants and PR2 compared to wild-type PR1 mainly due to the loss in intermolecular electrostatic interactions. The potency of the inhibitor decreases in the order: wild type PR1 > M46L > MDR20 > I50V > PR2 > V32I > A28S. Our study reveals that the flap of PR1 adopts a semi-open conformation due to the mutation I50V or MDR20. The dissimilar nature of the movement of the flap tip of both monomers is evident from the dynamic cross-correlation map. The protein structural network analysis displays that mutation causes structural rearrangements and changes the communication path between residues. Overall, we believe our study may help explore and accelerate the development of novel HIV-1/HIV-2 protease inhibitors with better potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Haridev
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - P Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Mukherjee S, O'Connor H, Harman R, O'Donovan M, Debiram-Beecham I, Alias B, Bailey A, Bateman A, de Caestecker J, Crosby T, Falk S, Gollins S, Hawkins M, Levy S, Radhakrishna G, Roy R, Sripadam R, Fitzgerald R. P-109 CYTOFLOC: Evaluation of a non-endoscopic immunocytological device (Cytosponge™) for post-chemo-radiotherapy surveillance in patients with oesophageal cancer – a feasibility study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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11
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Mandal A, Baneh H, Roy R, Notter DR. Correction to: Genetic diversity and population structure of Jamunapari goat in India using pedigree analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:293. [PMID: 33909174 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Mandal
- Animal Breeding Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India.
| | - Hasan Baneh
- Digital Agriculture Laboratory (DAL), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Roy
- , Shivpuri, Lalbahadur Shastri Nagar, Patna, Bihar, 800023, India
| | - D R Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Mandal A, Baneh H, Roy R, Notter DR. Genetic diversity and population structure of Jamunapari goat in India using pedigree analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:218. [PMID: 33745019 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pedigree records of 6821 Jamunapari goats of India were collected from 1980 to 2011 and used to evaluate the population structure and genetic diversity in this flock. Animals born between 2009 and 2011 represented the current reference population. The average pedigree completeness index (PCI) and numbers of equivalent complete generations (EqG) were estimated for the entire (PCI = 0.18, EqG = 2.24) and reference (PCI = 0.31, EqG = 3.45) populations. The average generation interval was 3.33 years. The average inbreeding coefficient and the average relatedness were 0.46 and 1.06%, respectively, for the entire population and 0.77 and 3.87% for the reference population. The rate of inbreeding was 0.06% per generation. The effective population size (Ne), estimated from increases in inbreeding coefficients between the first and third equivalent complete generations, was 52.65, but periodic introductions of unrelated breeding males resulted in average inbreeding levels in the reference population that were lower than those predicted from the estimate of Ne. Effective numbers of founders (fe), ancestors (fa), founder genomes equivalents (fg), and non-founder genomes (fng) were 51, 39, 25.8, and 48.2, respectively. The fe/fa ratio in the reference population was 1.31 and indicated that occasional bottlenecks had occurred in the population. The 14 most influential ancestors contributed 50% of the genetic variability in the reference population, with a maximum individual contribution of 9.25%. Approximately 1.9% of the initial heterozygosity had been lost from the population, indicating that substantial genetic diversity still exists in this flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Mandal
- Animal Breeding Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India.
| | - Hasan Baneh
- Digital Agriculture Laboratory (DAL), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - R Roy
- Shivpuri, Lalbahadur Shastri Nagar, Bihar, Patna, 800023, India
| | - D R Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Lawrence C, Seckold R, Smart C, King BR, Howley P, Feltrin R, Smith TA, Roy R, Lopez P. Increased paediatric presentations of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in an Australian tertiary centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14417. [PMID: 33020999 PMCID: PMC7646057 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if the frequency of severe diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation of new-onset type 1 diabetes to an Australian tertiary centre increased during the initial period of restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic (March to May 2020). METHODS Data were collected on presentations of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes as well as on all paediatric presentations to the emergency department of a tertiary centre between 2015 and 2020. Data from the period of initial COVID restrictions in Australia (March to May 2020) were compared to the period March to May of the previous 5 years (pre-pandemic periods). RESULTS The number of new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes was comparable in the pandemic period and pre-pandemic periods (11 in 2020 vs range 6-10 in 2015-2019). The frequency of severe diabetic ketoacidosis was significantly higher in the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic periods (45% vs 5%; P <0.003), odds ratio 16.7 (95% CI 2.0, 194.7). The overall frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis was also significantly higher during the pandemic period (73% vs 26%; P <0.007), odds ratio 7.5 (95% CI 1.7, 33.5). None of the individuals tested positive for COVID-19. Presentations of people aged <18 years to the emergency department decreased by 27% in the pandemic period compared to the average of the pre-pandemic periods (4799 vs 6550; range 6268 to 7131). CONCLUSIONS A significant increase in the frequency of severe diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation of type 1 diabetes was observed during the initial period of COVID-19 restrictions. We hypothesize that concern about presenting to hospital during a pandemic led to a delay in diagnosis. These data have important implications for advocacy of seeking healthcare for non-pandemic-related conditions during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lawrence
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - R. Seckold
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - C. Smart
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - B. R. King
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - P. Howley
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences/StatisticsUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - R. Feltrin
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - T. A. Smith
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - R. Roy
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - P. Lopez
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
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Roy R. 324P COVID era: Perception of oncologists from a developing nation. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Johnston SD, López-Fernández C, Arroyo F, Roy R, Holt WV, Gosálvez J. Protamine composition of koala and wombat spermatozoa provides new insights into DNA stability following cryopreservation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1558-1566. [PMID: 31167697 DOI: 10.1071/rd18512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate differences in the post-thaw DNA stability of koala and wombat spermatozoa, protamine amino acid sequences were compared and it was found that there were three more arginine residues for the wombat. Koala and wombat spermatozoa, cryopreserved using identical protocols, were examined for changes in sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) dynamics over 24h of post-thaw incubation. Following validation of a wombat sperm chromatin dispersion test, wombat DNA showed a rate of SDF that was 6-fold higher than for koala spermatozoa (P=0.038). Finally, we examined whether expected differences in chromatin compactness, associated with protamine sequence, had an effect on restriction site accessibility of sperm DNA. Thawed spermatozoa were exposed to Alu I and EcoR1 endonuclease restriction enzymes and the SDF dynamics were observed. Koala spermatozoa exposed to Alu I showed a greater rate of SDF (P=0.01), whereas wombat spermatozoa exposed to EcoR1 showed a greater rate of SDF (P=0.032). We conclude that restriction sites in these species are differentially present or exposed and potentially account for differences in SDF dynamics. Although differences in the arginine composition of protamine may explain relative differences in SDF following cryopreservation, they do not support the hypothesis that increased arginine composition increases DNA stability; rather, increased arginine composition in the wombat may reduce post-thaw chromatin swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - F Arroyo
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - R Roy
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - W V Holt
- Academic unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Malik F, Middleton Z, Haque F, Tambe N, Roy R. P-273 Real-world experience of definitive chemoradiation in esophageal cancer: Correlation of tumour length, toxicity and disease control. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Swinson D, Hall P, Lord S, Marshall H, Ruddock S, Allmark C, Cairns D, Waters J, Wadsley J, Falk S, Roy R, Joseph M, Nicoll J, Kamposioras K, Tillett T, Cummins S, Grumett S, Stokes Z, Waddell T, Chatterjee A, Garcia A, Khan M, Petty R, Seymour M. OPTIMIZING CHEMOTHERAPY FOR FRAIL AND/OR ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER (AGOAC): THE GO2 PHASE III TRIAL. J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Tralau-Stewart L, Roy R. Radiology-guided oesophageal stenting for the palliation of dysphagia: a single center experience. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cole R, Minto J, Flattery M, Parikh A, Dong T, Roy R, Bogar L, Morris A, Vega J, Gupta D, Bhatt K, Smith A, Laskar S, Lala A, Shah K, Shah P. Effects of Induction on the Risk of Post-Transplant De Novo DSA. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Dong T, Demoss B, Roy R, Smith A, Vega J, Laskar S, Bhatt K, Gupta D, Morris A, Cole R. Sensitization in LVAD Recipients with and without Transfusions. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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Nieddu T, Ray T, Rajasree KS, Roy R, Chormaic SN. Simple, narrow, and robust atomic frequency reference at 993 nm exploiting the rubidium (Rb) 5S 1/2 to 6S 1/2 transition using one-color two-photon excitation. Opt Express 2019; 27:6528-6535. [PMID: 30876236 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a one-color two-photon transition from the 5S1/2 ground state to the 6S1/2 excited state in rubidium (Rb) vapor using a continuous wave laser at 993 nm. The Rb vapor contains both isotopes (85Rb and 87Rb) in their natural abundances. The electric dipole-allowed transitions are characterized by varying the power and polarization of the excitation laser. Since the optical setup is relatively simple, and the energies of the allowed levels are impervious to stray magnetic fields, this is an attractive choice for a frequency reference at 993 nm, with possible applications in precision measurements and quantum information processing.
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Sun Myint A, Stewart A, Mills J, Sripadam R, Whitmarsh K, Roy R, Franklin A, Dhadda A. Treatment: the role of contact X-ray brachytherapy (Papillon) in the management of early rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21 Suppl 1:45-52. [PMID: 30809905 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Sun Myint
- Papillon Suite, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebington, Wirral, UK.,Translational Medicine Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Stewart
- St Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK.,University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - J Mills
- Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Sripadam
- Papillon Suite, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebington, Wirral, UK
| | - K Whitmarsh
- Papillon Suite, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebington, Wirral, UK
| | - R Roy
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Hull, UK
| | - A Franklin
- St Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - A Dhadda
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Hull, UK
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Garcia-Rodriguez A, de la Casa M, Gosálvez J, Roy R. CAT-262CT Genotype shows higher catalase activity in seminal plasma and lower risk of male infertility. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Hung T, Gezari S, Cenko SB, van Velzen S, Blagorodnova N, Yan L, Kulkarni SR, Lunnan R, Kupfer T, Leloudas G, Kong AKH, Nugent PE, Fremling C, Laher RR, Masci FJ, Cao Y, Roy R, Petrushevska T. SIFTING FOR SAPPHIRES: SYSTEMATIC SELECTION OF TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENTS IN iPTF. Astrophys J Suppl Ser 2018; 238:15. [PMID: 31160831 PMCID: PMC6544052 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aad8b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present results from a systematic selection of tidal disruption events (TDEs) in a wide-area (4800 deg2), g + R band, Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) experiment. Our selection targets typical optically-selected TDEs: bright (>60% flux increase) and blue transients residing in the center of red galaxies. Using photometric selection criteria to down-select from a total of 493 nuclear transients to a sample of 26 sources, we then use follow-up UV imaging with the Neil Gehrels Swift Telescope, ground-based optical spectroscopy, and light curve fitting to classify them as 14 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), 9 highly variable active galactic nuclei (AGNs), 2 confirmed TDEs, and 1 potential core-collapse supernova. We find it possible to filter AGNs by employing a more stringent transient color cut (g - r < -0.2 mag); further, UV imaging is the best discriminator for filtering SNe, since SNe Ia can appear as blue, optically, as TDEs in their early phases. However, when UV-optical color is unavailable, higher precision astrometry can also effectively reduce SNe contamination in the optical. Our most stringent optical photometric selection criteria yields a 4.5:1 contamination rate, allowing for a manageable number of TDE candidates for complete spectroscopic follow-up and real-time classification in the ZTF era. We measure a TDE per galaxy rate of 1.7 - 1.3 + 2.9 × 10 - 4 gal - 1 yr - 1 (90% CL in Poisson statistics). This does not account for TDEs outside our selection criteria, thus may not reflect the total TDE population, which is yet to be fully mapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hung
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S Gezari
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S B Cenko
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S van Velzen
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, New York University, NY 10003, USA
| | - N Blagorodnova
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lin Yan
- Caltech Optical Observatories, Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - R Lunnan
- The Oskar Klein Centre & Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Kupfer
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - G Leloudas
- Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A K H Kong
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - P E Nugent
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Fremling
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Russ R Laher
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - F J Masci
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, U.W., Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Box 351570, U.W., Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA
| | - R Roy
- The Oskar Klein Centre & Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Petrushevska
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Coen O, Karsera L, Tambe N, Roy R. A single centre experience of in-field recurrence following pre-operative radio(chemo)therapy in patients with rectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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García-Rodríguez A, de la Casa M, Peinado H, Gosálvez J, Roy R. Human prostasomes from normozoospermic and non-normozoospermic men show a differential protein expression pattern. Andrology 2018; 6:585-596. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H. Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group; Molecular Oncology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO); Madrid Spain
| | - J. Gosálvez
- Biology Department; University Autónoma of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - R. Roy
- Biology Department; University Autónoma of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Roy
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - A. Hébert
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - G. Marleau
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- N. H. Macmillan
- The Pennsylvania State University, Materials Research Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - R. Roy
- The Pennsylvania State University, Materials Research Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - P. T. B. Shaffer
- The Carborundum Company, Engineered Systems Group, P.O. Box 414, Niagara Falls, New York 14302
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Roy
- Institut de Génie Énergétique, École Polytechnique de Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A 7
| | - A. Hébert
- Institut de Génie Énergétique, École Polytechnique de Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A 7
| | - G. Marleau
- Institut de Génie Énergétique, École Polytechnique de Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A 7
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Marleau
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Institut de Génie Energétique Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A 7
| | - R. Roy
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Institut de Génie Energétique Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A 7
| | - A. Hébert
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Institut de Génie Energétique Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A 7
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Crosby T, Hurt CN, Falk S, Gollins S, Staffurth J, Ray R, Bridgewater JA, Geh JI, Cunningham D, Blazeby J, Roy R, Maughan T, Griffiths G, Mukherjee S. Long-term results and recurrence patterns from SCOPE-1: a phase II/III randomised trial of definitive chemoradiotherapy +/- cetuximab in oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:709-716. [PMID: 28196063 PMCID: PMC5355926 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SCOPE-1 study tested the role of adding cetuximab to conventional definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT), and demonstrated greater toxicity and worse survival outcomes. We present the long-term outcomes and patterns of recurrence. METHODS SCOPE-1 was a phase II/III trial in which patients were randomised to cisplatin 60 mg m-2 (day 1) and capecitabine 625 mg m-2 bd (days 1-21) for four cycles +/- cetuximab 400 mg m-2 day 1 then by 250 mg m-2 weekly. Radiotherapy consisted of 50 Gy/25# given concurrently with cycles 3 and 4. Recruitment was between February 2008 and February 2012, when the IDMC recommended closure on the basis of futility. RESULTS About 258 patients (dCRT=129; dCRT+cetuximab (dCRT+C)=129) were recruited from 36 centres. About 72.9% (n=188) had squamous cell histology. The median follow-up (IQR) was 46.2 (35.9-48.3) months for surviving patients. The median overall survival (OS; months; 95% CI) was 34.5 (24.7-42.3) in dCRT and 24.7 (18.6-31.3) in dCRT+C (hazard ratio (HR)=1.25, 95% CIs: 0.93-1.69, P=0.137). Median progression-free survival (PFS; months; 95% CI) was 24.1 (15.3-29.9) and 15.9 (10.7-20.8) months, respectively (HR=1.28, 95% CIs: 0.94-1.75; P=0.114). On multivariable analysis only earlier stage, full-dose RT, and higher cisplatin dose intensity were associated with improved OS. CONCLUSIONS The mature analysis demonstrates that the dCRT regimen used in the study provided useful survival outcomes despite its use in patients who were largely unfit for surgery or who had inoperable disease. Given the competing risk of systemic and local failure, future studies should continue to focus on enhancing local control as well as optimising systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crosby
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff CF14 2TL, UK
| | - C N Hurt
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | - S Falk
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK
| | - S Gollins
- North Wales Cancer Treatment Centre, Conwy and Denbighshire NHS Trust, Rhyl LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - J Staffurth
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff CF14 2TL, UK
| | - R Ray
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | - J A Bridgewater
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - J I Geh
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - D Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - J Blazeby
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - R Roy
- Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust, Grimsby DN33 2BA, UK
| | - T Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - G Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - S Mukherjee
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Hall PS, Lord SR, Collinson M, Marshall H, Jones M, Lowe C, Howard H, Swinson D, Velikova G, Anthoney A, Roy R, Dent J, Cheeseman S, Last K, Seymour MT. A randomised phase II trial and feasibility study of palliative chemotherapy in frail or elderly patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer (321GO). Br J Cancer 2017; 116:472-478. [PMID: 28095397 PMCID: PMC5318975 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients are commonly under-represented in cancer clinical trials. The 321GO was undertaken in preparation for a definitive phase three trial assessing different chemotherapy regimens in a frail and/or elderly population with advanced gastroesophageal (GO) cancer. METHODS Patients with advanced GO cancer considered unfit for conventional dose chemotherapy were randomly assigned in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio to: epirubicin, oxaliplatin and capecitabine (EOX); oxaliplatin and capecitabine (OX); and capecitabine alone (X) (all 80% of full dose and unblinded). The primary end point was patient recruitment over an 18-month period. A registration study recorded treatment choice for all patients with advanced GO cancer at trial centres. RESULTS A total of 313 patients were considered for palliative chemotherapy for GO cancer over the 18-month period: 115 received full dose treatment, 89 less than standard treatment or entered 321GO and 111 no treatment. Within 321GO, 55 patients were randomly assigned (19 to OX and X; 17 to EOX). Progression-free survival (PFS) for all patients was 4.4 months and by arm 5.4, 5.6 and 3.0 months for EOX, OX and X, respectively. The number of patients with a good overall treatment utility (OTU), a novel patient-centred endpoint, at 12 weeks was 3 (18%), 6 (32%) and 1 (6%) for EOX, OX and X, respectively. At 6 weeks, 22 patients (41%) had experienced a non-haematologic toxicity ⩾grade 3, most commonly lethargy or diarrhoea. The OTU was prognostic for overall survival in patients alive at week 12 (logrank test P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to recruit elderly and/or frail patients with advanced GO cancer to a randomised clinical trial. The OX is the preferred regimen for further study. Overall treatment utility shows promise as a comparator between treatment regimens for feasibility and randomised trials in the elderly and/or frail GO cancer population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Hall
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - S R Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Collinson
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - H Marshall
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M Jones
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C Lowe
- NIHR Cancer Research Network Coordinating Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - H Howard
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Swinson
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Velikova
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Anthoney
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Roy
- Department of Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull, UK
| | - J Dent
- Department of Oncology, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, UK
| | - S Cheeseman
- Department of Oncology, The York Hospital, York, UK
| | - K Last
- Department of Oncology, The York Hospital, York, UK
- Department of Oncology, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - M T Seymour
- NIHR Cancer Research Network Coordinating Centre, Leeds, UK
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Chautard C, Beaucaire C, Gérard M, Phrommavanh V, Nos J, Galoisy L, Calas G, Roy R, Descostes M. Geochemical Characterization of U Tailings (Bois Noirs Limouzat, France). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Roy R, Banerjee K, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay A. 159P Antioxidant effect of mangiferin: The potential anti-cancer therapeutic agent. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw579.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Roy R, Banerjee K, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay A. 159P Antioxidant effect of mangiferin: The potential anti-cancer therapeutic agent. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- J.P. Cheng
- Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - D.K. Agrawal
- Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - S. Komarneni
- Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M. Mathis
- Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - R. Roy
- Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Bharati S, Ghosal A, Datta I, Aggarwal P, Pal A, Roy R. Pundit Madhusudan Gupta – A versatile genius and forefather of modern medical education in India. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Roy R, Som P, Ghosal A, Kundu R. Bilateral multiple renal arteries with anomalous origin of ovarian arteries on both sides: A case report. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hurt C, Bridgewater J, Falk S, Cummins S, Wasan H, Crosby T, Radhakrishna G, Jephcott C, Roy R, McDonald A, Ray R, Joseph G, Staffurth J, Abrams R, Griffiths G, Maughan T, Mukherjee S. O-003 Long-term outcome from the SCALOP trial: a multi-centre randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine or capecitabine-based chemoradiation (CRT) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw198.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Goyard D, Shiao TC, Fraleigh NL, Vu HY, Lee H, Diaz-Mitoma F, Le HT, Roy R. Expedient synthesis of functional single-component glycoliposomes using thiol-yne chemistry. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4227-4233. [PMID: 32264625 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00344c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a set of eight unprecedented amphiphilic neoglycolipids forming liposome nanoparticles is reported. The small library was readily obtained from various peracetylated propargyl glycopyranosides via efficient radical-initiated thiol-yne (TYC) coupling reactions using alkanethiols of different chain lengths. In addition, using sequential thiol-yne, both the nature and positioning of the lipophilic alkanethiols could be varied at will, thus providing unparalleled variability within the glycolipid structures. Two different classes of self-assemblies were prepared from the new neoglycolipids. First, liposomes of 150-300 nm were obtained by solvent injection of their ethanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in water. The resulting structures were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mannosylated lipid nanoparticle (compound 14) showed good stability in water. Alternatively, giant soft unilamellar vesicles were also obtained by film hydration and visualized by differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC). Incorporation of a hydrophobic dye to the solution prior to evaporation allowed visualization by confocal microscopy. Finally, the biological functions of the newly formed glycolipid vesicles were evaluated by multivalent carbohydrate-protein binding interactions using concanavalin A (ConA). Agglutination assays and the binding of glycolipid by dendritic cells (DCs) resulted in an increase in DCs immunostimulatory potential. Importantly, we did not see changes in cells viability at tested doses. This study provides a new, simple and highly efficient methodology to produce novel glyconanoparticle candidate as model in development of vaccine adjuvant and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goyard
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada H3C 3P8.
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Rishi E, Rishi P, Koundanya VV, Sahu C, Roy R, Bhende PS. Post-traumatic endophthalmitis in 143 eyes of children and adolescents from India. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:615-20. [PMID: 26869162 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe clinical features, risk factors, causative organisms, treatment options, and outcomes of post-traumatic endophthalmitis in children and adolescents. METHODS Retrospective interventional case series. Case records of 143 consecutive eyes presenting with post-traumatic endophthalmitis between 1997 and 2007 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done to analyze factors associated with adverse outcomes. RESULTS Mean age at presentation was 9.2 years (median 8 years, range: 2 months to 18 years). Broomstick and hypodermic needle were most common causes for injuries. Common presenting features were cataract (n=51), hypopyon (n=45) and retinal detachment (n=29). Corneal abscess (n=21; OR: 5, CI: 1.4-18.7) and retinal detachment (n=29, OR: 5, CI: 1.6-11.3) were independent risk factors for poor outcome (P=0.04 and 0.012, respectively). Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 54% (n=31) of culture-positive cases. Forty-nine (34%) patients had ambulatory vision at final visit. Patients who received treatment within 24 h were 3.6 and 9 times more likely to have better anatomical outcome than those treated at 2-7 days, or >7 days, respectively (P=0.0001). Patients undergoing early vitrectomy were 27 times more likely to have better outcome (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION Post-traumatic endophthalmitis in children is more common in boys <10 years of age and most often caused by injury with organic matter. Corneal abscess and retinal detachment are associated with poor outcome. E. fecalis is the most common causative organism. Early vitrectomy results in better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rishi
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralya, Chennai, India
| | - P Rishi
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralya, Chennai, India
| | - V V Koundanya
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralya, Chennai, India
| | - C Sahu
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralya, Chennai, India
| | - R Roy
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralya, Chennai, India
| | - P S Bhende
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralya, Chennai, India
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Becker M, Bader A, Roy R, Seifert M, Choi YH, Falk V, Ma N, Stamm C. Modulation of the Post-Infarct Immune Response by Epicardial Application of Decellularized Amniotic Membrane. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Roy R, Pal A, Ghosal A, Kundu R. Anomalous origin of left vertebral artery from arch of aorta and associated vascular anomalies – A case report. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2015.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rees J, Hurt CN, Gollins S, Mukherjee S, Maughan T, Falk SJ, Staffurth J, Ray R, Bashir N, Geh JI, Cunningham D, Roy R, Bridgewater J, Griffiths G, Nixon LS, Blazeby JM, Crosby T. Patient-reported outcomes during and after definitive chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:603-10. [PMID: 26203761 PMCID: PMC4647690 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data describe patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of localised oesophageal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy(CRT). The phase 2/3 SCOPE-1 trial assessed the effectiveness of CRT±cetuximab. The trial for the first time provided an opportunity to describe PROs from a multi-centre group of patients treated with CRT that are presented here. METHODS Patients undergoing CRT±cetuximab within the SCOPE-1 trial (258 patients from 36 UK centres) completed generic-, disease- and treatment-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-OES18, Dermatology Life-Quality Index (DLQI)) at baseline and at 7, 13, 24, 52 and 104 weeks. Mean EORTC functional scale scores (>15 point change significant), DLQI scores (>4 point change significant) and proportions of patients (>15% significant) with 'minimal' or 'severe' symptoms are presented. RESULTS Questionnaire response rates were good. At baseline, EORTC functional scores were high (>75%) and few symptoms were reported except for severe problems with fatigue, insomnia and eating-related symptoms (e.g., appetite loss, dysphagia, dry mouth) in both groups(>15%). Functional aspects of health deteriorated and symptoms increased with treatment and by week 13 global quality of life, physical, role and social function significantly deteriorated and more problems with fatigue, dyspnoea, appetite loss and trouble with taste were reported. Recovery occurred by 6 months (except severe fatigue and insomnia in >15% of patients) and maintained at follow-up with no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS CRT for localised oesophageal cancer has a significant detrimental impact on many aspects of HRQL; however, recovery is achieved by 6 months and maintained with the exception of persisting problems with severe fatigue and insomnia. The data suggest that the HRQL recovery after definitive CRT is quicker, and there is little lasting deficit compared with treatment including surgery. These data need to be compared with HRQL data from studies evaluating treatments including surgery for oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rees
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - C N Hurt
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Gollins
- North Wales Cancer Treatment Centre, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, North Wales, UK
| | - S Mukherjee
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - T Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - S J Falk
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - J Staffurth
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Ray
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Bashir
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J I Geh
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Roy
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | | | - G Griffiths
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L S Nixon
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J M Blazeby
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - T Crosby
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
It is hypothesized from within an evolutionary framework that females should be less invested in peer relations than males. Investment was operationalized as enjoyment in Study 1 and as preference for interaction in Study 2. In the first study, four- and six-year-old children's enjoyment of peer interaction was observed in 26 groups of same-sex peers. Girls were rated as enjoying their interactions significantly less than boys. In the second study, six- and nine-year-old children were interviewed about the individuals with whom they spend time in their homes and neighborhoods and about the individuals who participate in their favorite activities. The proportion of individuals named by children who were peers was significantly lower for girls than boys both in children's neighborhoods and in children's favorite activities. Results strongly support the hypothesis that females and males have evolved differential preferences for interaction with peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Benenson
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, H3A 1Y2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - T Morganstein
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, H3A 1Y2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Roy
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, H3A 1Y2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Roy R. Is Switch Maintenance Therapy Mandatory for EGFR Mutated Patients Initiated on Chemotherapy? Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv050.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Johnston SD, López-Fernández C, Arroyo F, Fardell S, Roy R, Gosálvez J. Spermatozoa of Sminthopsis murina (Mammalia: Metatheria) exhibit an unusually high degree of chromatin stability in the absence of disulphide bonding in protamine 1. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14504. [PMID: 25714780 DOI: 10.1071/rd14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although all but a single genus (Planigale) of the metatheria so far examined contain no cysteine residues in protamine 1, we report a remarkable level of chromatin stability in the spermatozoa of the common dunnart, Sminthopsis murina. S. murina cauda epididymal spermatozoa and somatic epithelial cells were exposed to a combination of graded treatments to lyse sperm protein and induce sperm DNA damage via standard freeze-thaw protocols and post-thaw incubation at 37°C for 48h, exposure to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the enzyme AluI restriction endonuclease. Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using the comet assay and sperm chromatin dispersal test. Although S. murina somatic cells showed DNA fragmentation following protein lysis and after treatment with all the protocols specifically designed to induce chromatin damage, sperm DNA fragmentation was only observed following moderate to severe proteolytic exposure and treatment with the restriction endonuclease; there was also an increase in the baseline halo of spermatozoa treated with an aggressive reducing agent, but no corresponding evidence of fragmented DNA, suggesting that cysteine residues may be functioning to conform tertiary and/or quaternary chromatin structure. Given that the protamine 1 of S. murina contains no cysteine, we suggest that the source of these residues is possibly the histone fraction of the chromatin and that the high level of stability is potentially related to prolonged sperm survival in the female's reproductive tract.
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Roy S, Patil D, Ghadigaonkar S, Roy R, Mukherjee S, Chowdhary A, Deshmukh R. A preliminary study of recombinant human interferon-α-2a activity against rabies virus in murine model. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33:132-5. [PMID: 25560017 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.148412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Rabies remains an important public health problem in the world due to uncontrolled enzootic rabies. Although rabies associated fatalities may be prevented with timely immunoprophylaxis, but till date a therapeutic molecule has remained elusive. We investigated the role of rhuIFN α-2a in murine model challenged with rabies virus. Titre of 10(4.25) LD50/0.03 ml of 10% w/v RV CVS stock suspension were obtained. Based on 1LD50 titre, challenge dose of 50 LD 50 was administered along with rhuIFN α-2a with pre-exposure (primed) and post-exposure with the rabies virus. Both showed increased survival time as compared with the virus controls. These findings suggest that the rhuIFN α-2a might have some anti-viral activity, which can be used for the treatment of rabies infection. Further research on the efficacy of interferon along with anti-viral drugs for the treatment will be helpful in designing combination therapy against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roy
- Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute, Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute for Training, research and Testing, Aacharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 012, India
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Chbihi A, Frankland J, Lopez O, Boisjoli M, Bonnet E, Gruyer D, Marini P, Ademard G, Rivet MF, Verde G, Bougault R, Borderie B, Galichet E, La Commara M, Le Neindre N, Legouée E, Lombardo I, Manduci L, Pârlog M, Rosato E, Roy R, Spadaccini G, Vient E, Vigilante M, Wieleczko J. Recent results from INDRA. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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