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Maranda B, Labbé SM, Lurquin M, Brabant P, Fugère A, Larrivée JF, Grbic D, Leroux A, Leduc F, Finzi A, Gaudreau S, Swart Y. Safety and efficacy of inhaled IBIO123 for mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, dose-ascending, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:25-35. [PMID: 37619584 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 severity is associated with its respiratory manifestations. Neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 administered systemically have shown clinical efficacy. However, immediate and direct delivery of neutralising antibodies via inhalation might provide additional respiratory clinical benefits. IBIO123 is a cocktail of three, fully human, neutralising monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of inhaled IBIO123 in individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. METHODS This double-blind, dose-ascending, placebo-controlled, first-in-human, phase 1/2 trial recruited symptomatic and non-hospitalised participants with COVID-19 in South Africa and Brazil across 11 centres. Eligible participants were adult outpatients (aged ≥18 years; men and non-pregnant women) infected with COVID-19 (first PCR-confirmed within 72 h) and with mild-to-moderate symptoms, the onset of which had to be within 10 days of randomisation. Using permuted blocks of four, stratified by site, we randomly assigned participants (1:3) to receive single-dose placebo or IBIO123 (1 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg) in phase 1, and single-dose placebo or IBIO123 (10 mg) in phase 2, in addition to local standard of care. Participants underwent serological testing to identify antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Participants, investigators, and the study team were masked to treatment assignment. In phase 1, the primary outcome was the safety assessment in the safety population (ie, all participants who received an intervention). In phase 2, the primary outcome was the mean absolute change from baseline to day 5 in SARS-CoV-2 viral load measured by nasopharyngeal swabs analysed using a mixed model for repeated measures in the full analysis set (FAS; ie, participants with one analysable viral load value at baseline and at least one analysable viral load value at day 3 or day 5). Secondary clinical outcomes included safety from baseline to day 29, assessed by evaluating adverse events; the effect of IBIO123 on baseline COVID-19 symptoms resolution until day 6, with symptoms systemically evaluated by the investigators; and disease progression as measured by the COVID-19 WHO Clinical Progression Scale. For clinical endpoints in phase 2, we used a modified FAS (ie, participants who had at least one analysable viral load value over the course of the study, confirming that they were infected with SARS-CoV-2). This trial is now completed and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05298813. FINDINGS Between Dec 4, 2021, and May 23, 2022, 24 participants were enrolled in phase 1. Between July 20, 2022, and Jan 4, 2023, 138 participants were enrolled in phase 2 and five were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to receive IBIO123 (n=18) or placebo (n=6) in phase 1, and randomly assigned to receive IBIO123 (n=104) or placebo (n=34) in phase 2. In phase 2, the study was stopped before reaching the planned accrual because of a decline in COVID-19 incidence. In phase 1, no safety issues were observed. In phase 2, the difference in mean absolute change from baseline viral load to day 5 between participants in the IBIO123 group and participants in the placebo group was -0·29 log10 copies per mL (95% CI -1·32 to 0·75; p=0·45) in the FAS population and -0·49 log10 copies per mL (-1·56 to 0·58; p=0·20) in seropositive participants. In the modified FAS, 81 (69%) of 118 participants were at high risk of severe disease progression. The number of participants with resolution of respiratory symptoms at day 6 was 34 (42%) of 81 in the IBIO123 group versus five (17%) of 29 in the placebo group (p=0·017) in the modified FAS population and 19 (35%) of 55 versus three (14%) of 21 among participants at high risk (p=0·083). One participant died and one participant was hospitalised in the placebo group, whereas no deaths or hospitalisations were reported in the IBIO123 group. 39 (38%) of 104 participants in the IBIO123 group had adverse events, compared with 13 (38%) of 34 in the placebo group. INTERPRETATION Inhalation of IBIO123 was safe. Despite the lack of significant reduction of viral load at day 5, treatment with IBIO123 resulted in a higher proportion of participants with complete resolution of respiratory symptoms at day 6. This study supports further clinical research on inhaled monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 and respiratory diseases in general. FUNDING Canadian Strategic Innovation Fund and Immune Biosolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Mouchiroud M, Camiré É, Aldow M, Caron A, Jubinville É, Turcotte L, Kaci I, Beaulieu MJ, Roy C, Labbé SM, Varin TV, Gélinas Y, Lamothe J, Trottier J, Mitchell PL, Guénard F, Festuccia WT, Joubert P, Rose CF, Karvellas CJ, Barbier O, Morissette MC, Marette A, Laplante M. The Hepatokine TSK does not affect brown fat thermogenic capacity, body weight gain, and glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2019; 30:184-191. [PMID: 31767170 PMCID: PMC6889588 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hepatokines are proteins secreted by the liver that impact the functions of the liver and various tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling. Recently, Tsukushi (TSK) was identified as a new hepatokine that is induced by obesity and cold exposure. It was proposed that TSK controls sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that loss of TSK protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose homeostasis. Here we report the impact of deleting and/or overexpressing TSK on BAT thermogenic capacity, body weight regulation, and glucose homeostasis. Methods We measured the expression of thermogenic genes and markers of BAT innervation and activation in TSK-null and TSK-overexpressing mice. Body weight, body temperature, and parameters of glucose homeostasis were also assessed in the context of TSK loss and overexpression. Results The loss of TSK did not affect the thermogenic activation of BAT. We found that TSK-null mice were not protected against the development of obesity and did not show improvement in glucose tolerance. The overexpression of TSK also failed to modulate thermogenesis, body weight gain, and glucose homeostasis in mice. Conclusions TSK is not a significant regulator of BAT thermogenesis and is unlikely to represent an effective target to prevent obesity and improve glucose homeostasis. Loss of TSK does not affect brown fat thermogenic capacity. Loss of TSK does not protect mice against the development of obesity. Loss of TSK does not improve glucose homeostasis. Overexpression of TSK does not affect thermogenesis, body weight gain and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Camiré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Manal Aldow
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Éric Jubinville
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurie Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Inés Kaci
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M Labbé
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; IPS Thérapeutique, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Constantine J Karvellas
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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Mouchiroud M, Camiré É, Aldow M, Caron A, Jubinville É, Turcotte L, Kaci I, Beaulieu MJ, Roy C, Labbé SM, Varin TV, Gélinas Y, Lamothe J, Trottier J, Mitchell PL, Guénard F, Festuccia WT, Joubert P, Rose CF, Karvellas CJ, Barbier O, Morissette MC, Marette A, Laplante M. The hepatokine Tsukushi is released in response to NAFLD and impacts cholesterol homeostasis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129492. [PMID: 31391339 PMCID: PMC6693835 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevails in obesity and is linked to several health complications including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. How exactly NAFLD induces atherogenic dyslipidemia to promote cardiovascular diseases is still elusive. Here, we identify Tsukushi (TSK) as a hepatokine induced in response to NAFLD. We show that both endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation promote the expression and release of TSK in mice. In humans, hepatic TSK expression is also associated with steatosis, and its circulating levels are markedly increased in patients suffering from acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF), a condition linked to severe hepatic inflammation. In these patients, elevated blood TSK levels were associated with decreased transplant-free survival at hospital discharge, suggesting that TSK could have a prognostic significance. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in mice revealed that TSK impacts systemic cholesterol homeostasis. TSK reduces circulating HDL cholesterol, lowers cholesterol efflux capacity, and decreases cholesterol-to-bile acid conversion in the liver. Our data identify the hepatokine TSK as a blood biomarker of liver stress that could link NAFLD to the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Camiré
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Manal Aldow
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Éric Jubinville
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurie Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Inès Kaci
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M. Labbé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- IPS Thérapeutique, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault V. Varin
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L. Mitchell
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher F. Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Constantine J. Karvellas
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
| | - André Marette
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec – Université Laval (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine and
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Labbé SM, Caron A, Festuccia WT, Lecomte R, Richard D. Interscapular brown adipose tissue denervation does not promote the oxidative activity of inguinal white adipose tissue in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E815-E824. [PMID: 30153064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00210.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is a key controller of energy metabolism. In response to cold or other adrenergic stimuli, brown adipocytes increase their substrate uptake and oxidative activity while uncoupling ATP synthesis from the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. Brown adipocytes are found in classic depots such as in the interscapular BAT (iBAT). They can also develop in white adipose tissue (WAT), such as in the inguinal WAT (iWAT), where their presence has been associated with metabolic improvements. We previously reported that the induction of oxidative metabolism in iWAT is low compared with that of iBAT, even after sustained adrenergic stimulation. One explanation to this apparent lack of thermogenic ability of iWAT is the presence of an active iBAT, which may prevent the full activation of iWAT. In this study, we evaluated whether iBAT denervation-induced browning of white fat enhanced the thermogenic activity of iWAT following cold acclimation, under beta-3 adrenergic stimulation (CL 316,243). Following a bilateral denervation of iBAT, we assessed energy balance, evaluated the oxidative activity of iBAT and iWAT using 11C-acetate, and quantified the dynamic glucose uptake of those tissues using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]- fluoro-d-glucose. Our results indicate that despite portraying marked browning and mildly enhanced glucose uptake, iWAT of cold-adapted mice does not exhibit significant oxidative activity following beta-3 adrenergic stimulation in the absence of a functional iBAT. The present results suggest that iWAT is not readily recruitable as a thermogenic organ even when functional iBAT is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- Institut universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Quebec, Quebec , Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Québec , Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Institut universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Quebec, Quebec , Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Québec , Canada
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et de Radiologie, Centre d'Imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Institut universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Quebec, Quebec , Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Québec , Canada
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Caron A, Labbé SM, Carter S, Roy MC, Lecomte R, Ricquier D, Picard F, Richard D. Loss of UCP2 impairs cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis by promoting a shift toward glucose utilization in brown adipose tissue. Biochimie 2017; 134:118-126. [PMID: 28130074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was discovered in 1997 and classified as an uncoupling protein largely based on its homology of sequence with UCP1. Since its discovery, the uncoupling function of UCP2 has been questioned and there is yet no consensus on the true function of this protein. UCP2 was first proposed to be a reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulator and an insulin secretion modulator. More recently, it was demonstrated as a regulator of the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, which prompted us to investigate its role in the metabolic and thermogenic functions of brown adipose tissue. We first investigated the role of UCP2 in affecting the glycolysis capacity by evaluating the extracellular flux in cells lacking UCP2. We thereafter investigated the role of UCP2 in BAT thermogenesis with positron emission tomography using the metabolic tracers [11C]-acetate (metabolic activity), 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose (18FDG, glucose uptake) and 14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid [18FTHA, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) uptake]. The effect of the β3-adrenoreceptor (ADRB3) selective agonist, CL316,243 (CL), on BAT 18FDG and 18FTHA uptakes, as well as 11C-acetate activity was assessed in UCP2KO and UCP2WT mice exposed at room temperature or adapted to cold. Our results suggest that despite the fact that UCP2 does not have the uncoupling potential of UCP1, its contribution to BAT thermogenesis and to the adaptation to cold exposure appears crucial. Notably, we found that the absence of UCP2 promoted a shift toward glucose utilization and increased glycolytic capacity in BAT, which conferred a better oxidative/thermogenic activity/capacity following an acute adrenergic stimulation. However, following cold exposure, a context of high-energy demand, BAT of UCP2KO mice failed to adapt and thermogenesis was impaired. We conclude that UCP2 regulates BAT thermogenesis by favouring the utilization of NEFA, a process required for the adaptation to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M Labbé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Carter
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada; Département de Pharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Roy
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiologie, Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Daniel Ricquier
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Cochin, 24, Rue du Faubourg Saint- Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada; Département de Pharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Labbé SM, Mouchiroud M, Caron A, Secco B, Freinkman E, Lamoureux G, Gélinas Y, Lecomte R, Bossé Y, Chimin P, Festuccia WT, Richard D, Laplante M. mTORC1 is Required for Brown Adipose Tissue Recruitment and Metabolic Adaptation to Cold. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37223. [PMID: 27876792 PMCID: PMC5120333 DOI: 10.1038/srep37223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to cold, brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases its metabolic rate and expands its mass to produce heat required for survival, a process known as BAT recruitment. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls metabolism, cell growth and proliferation, but its role in regulating BAT recruitment in response to chronic cold stimulation is unknown. Here, we show that cold activates mTORC1 in BAT, an effect that depends on the sympathetic nervous system. Adipocyte-specific mTORC1 loss in mice completely blocks cold-induced BAT expansion and severely impairs mitochondrial biogenesis. Accordingly, mTORC1 loss reduces oxygen consumption and causes a severe defect in BAT oxidative metabolism upon cold exposure. Using in vivo metabolic imaging, metabolomics and transcriptomics, we show that mTORC1 deletion impairs glucose and lipid oxidation, an effect linked to a defect in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. These analyses also reveal a severe defect in nucleotide synthesis in the absence of mTORC1. Overall, these findings demonstrate an essential role for mTORC1 in the regulation of BAT recruitment and metabolism in response to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Blandine Secco
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elizaveta Freinkman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS), Département de Médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Department of Physiology &Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology &Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Denis Richard
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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7
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Labbé SM, Caron A, Chechi K, Laplante M, Lecomte R, Richard D. Metabolic activity of brown, "beige," and white adipose tissues in response to chronic adrenergic stimulation in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E260-8. [PMID: 27143559 PMCID: PMC4967144 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00545.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical brown adipocytes such as those found in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) represent energy-burning cells, which have been postulated to play a pivotal role in energy metabolism. Brown adipocytes can also be found in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots [e.g., inguinal WAT (iWAT)] following adrenergic stimulation, and they have been referred to as "beige" adipocytes. Whether the presence of these adipocytes, which gives iWAT a beige appearance, can confer a white depot with some thermogenic activity remains to be seen. In consequence, we designed the present study to investigate the metabolic activity of iBAT, iWAT, and epididymal white depots in mice. Mice were either 1) kept at thermoneutrality (30°C), 2) kept at 30°C and treated daily for 14 days with an adrenergic agonist [CL-316,243 (CL)], or 3) housed at 10°C for 14 days. Metabolic activity was assessed using positron emission tomography imaging with fluoro-[(18)F]deoxyglucose (glucose uptake), fluoro-[(18)F]thiaheptadecanoic acid (fatty acid uptake), and [(11)C]acetate (oxidative activity). In each group, substrate uptakes and oxidative activity were measured in anesthetized mice in response to acute CL. Our results revealed iBAT as a major site of metabolic activity, which exhibited enhanced glucose and nonesterified fatty acid uptakes and oxidative activity in response to chronic cold and CL. On the other hand, beige adipose tissue failed to exhibit appreciable increase in oxidative activity in response to chronic cold and CL. Altogether, our results suggest that the contribution of beige fat to acute-CL-induced metabolic activity is low compared with that of iBAT, even after sustained adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Kanta Chechi
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
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Caron A, Labbé SM, Mouchiroud M, Huard R, Lanfray D, Richard D, Laplante M. DEPTOR in POMC neurons affects liver metabolism but is dispensable for the regulation of energy balance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R1322-31. [PMID: 27097662 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00549.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that specific overexpression of DEP-domain containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) protects mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity, revealing DEPTOR as a significant contributor to energy balance regulation. On the basis of evidence that DEPTOR is expressed in the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the MBH, the present study aimed to investigate whether these neurons mediate the metabolic effects of DEPTOR. Here, we report that specific DEPTOR overexpression in POMC neurons does not recapitulate any of the phenotypes observed when the protein was overexpressed in the MBH. Unlike the previous model, mice overexpressing DEPTOR only in POMC neurons 1) did not show differences in feeding behavior, 2) did not exhibit changes in locomotion activity and oxygen consumption, 3) did not show an improvement in systemic glucose metabolism, and 4) were not resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. These results support the idea that other neuronal populations are responsible for these phenotypes. Nonetheless, we observed a mild elevation in fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and alterations in liver glucose and lipid homeostasis in mice overexpressing DEPTOR in POMC neurons. Taken together, these results show that DEPTOR overexpression in POMC neurons does not affect energy balance regulation but could modulate metabolism through a brain-liver connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; and Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M Labbé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; and Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; and Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Renaud Huard
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Damien Lanfray
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; and Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; and Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; and Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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9
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Noll C, Labbé SM, Pinard S, Shum M, Bilodeau L, Chouinard L, Phoenix S, Lecomte R, Carpentier AC, Gallo-Payet N. Postprandial fatty acid uptake and adipocyte remodeling in angiotensin type 2 receptor-deficient mice fed a high-fat/high-fructose diet. Adipocyte 2016; 5:43-52. [PMID: 27144096 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the angiotensin type-2 receptor in adipose physiology remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate whether genetic angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficiency prevents or worsens metabolic and adipose tissue morphometric changes observed following a 6-week high-fat/high-fructose diet with injection of a small dose of streptozotocin. We compared tissue uptake of nonesterified fatty acid and dietary fatty acid in wild-type and angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficient mice by using the radiotracer 14(R,S)-[(1) (8)F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid in mice fed a standard or high-fat diet. Postprandial fatty acid uptake in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and adipose tissue was increased in wild-type mice after a high-fat diet and in angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficient mice on both standard and high-fat diets. Compared to the wild-type mice, angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficient mice had a lower body weight, an increase in fasting blood glucose and a decrease in plasma insulin and leptin levels. Mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited increased adipocyte size that was prevented by angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficiency. Angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficiency abolished the early hypertrophic adipocyte remodeling induced by a high-fat diet. The small size of adipocytes in the angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficient mice reflects their inability to store lipids and explains the increase in fatty acid uptake in non-adipose tissues. In conclusion, a genetic deletion of the angiotensin type-2 receptor is associated with metabolic dysfunction of white adipose depots, and indicates that adipocyte remodeling occurs before the onset of insulin resistance in the high-fat fed mouse model.
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10
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Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Noll C, Kunach M, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Haman F, Richard D, Carpentier AC. Selective Impairment of Glucose but Not Fatty Acid or Oxidative Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:2388-97. [PMID: 25677914 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous glucose uptake by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is lower in overweight or obese individuals and in diabetes. However, BAT metabolism has not been previously investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes during controlled cold exposure. Using positron emission tomography with (11)C-acetate, (18)F-fluoro-deoxyglucose ((18)FDG), and (18)F-fluoro-thiaheptadecanoic acid ((18)FTHA), a fatty acid tracer, BAT oxidative metabolism and perfusion and glucose and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) turnover were determined in men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and age-matched control subjects under experimental cold exposure designed to minimize shivering. Despite smaller volumes of (18)FDG-positive BAT and lower glucose uptake per volume of BAT compared with young healthy control subjects, cold-induced oxidative metabolism and NEFA uptake per BAT volume and an increase in total body energy expenditure did not differ in patients with type 2 diabetes or their age-matched control subjects. The reduction in (18)FDG-positive BAT volume and BAT glucose clearance were associated with a reduction in BAT radiodensity and perfusion. (18)FDG-positive BAT volume and the cold-induced increase in BAT radiodensity were associated with an increase in systemic NEFA turnover. These results show that cold-induced NEFA uptake and oxidative metabolism are not defective in type 2 diabetes despite reduced glucose uptake per BAT volume and BAT "whitening."
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M Labbé
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margaret Kunach
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Turcotte EE, Haman F, Richard D, Carpentier AC. A critical appraisal of brown adipose tissue metabolism in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Baraboi ED, Li W, Labbé SM, Roy MC, Samson P, Hould FS, Lebel S, Marceau S, Biertho L, Richard D. Metabolic changes induced by the biliopancreatic diversion in diet-induced obesity in male rats: the contributions of sleeve gastrectomy and duodenal switch. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1316-29. [PMID: 25646712 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the body weight and fat loss after the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) remain to be fully delineated. The aim of this study was to examine the contributions of the two main components of BPD/DS, namely sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and duodenal switch (DS), on energy balance changes in rats rendered obese with a high-fat (HF) diet. Three different bariatric procedures (BPD/DS, SG, and DS) and three sham surgeries were performed in male Wistar rats. Sham-operated animals fed HF were either fed ad libitum (Sham HF) or pair weighed (Sham HF PW) by food restriction to the BPD/DS rats. A group of sham-operated rats was kept on standard chow and served as normal diet control (Sham Chow). All three bariatric surgeries resulted in a transient reduction in food intake. SG per se induced a delay in body weight gain. BPD/DS and DS led to a noticeable gut malabsorption and a reduction in body weight and fat gains along with significant elevations in plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) and peptide YY. BPD/DS and DS elevated energy expenditure above that of Sham HF PW during the dark phase. However, they reduced the volume, oxidative metabolism, and expression of thermogenic genes in interscapular brown adipose tissue. Altogether the results of this study suggest that the DS component of the BPD/DS, which led to a reduction in digestible energy intake while sustaining energy expenditure, plays a key role in the improvement in the metabolic profile led by BPD/DS in rats fed a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Dana Baraboi
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5
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13
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Labbé SM, Caron A, Bakan I, Laplante M, Carpentier AC, Lecomte R, Richard D. In vivo measurement of energy substrate contribution to cold-induced brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2015; 29:2046-58. [PMID: 25681456 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of cold on brown adipose tissue (BAT) energy substrate utilization in vivo using the positron emission tomography tracers [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (glucose uptake), 14(R,S)-[(18)F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid [nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) uptake], and [(11)C]acetate (oxidative activity). The measurements were performed in rats adapted to 27°C, which were acutely subjected to cold (10°C) for 2 and 6 hours, and in rats chronically adapted to 10°C for 21 days, which were returned to 27°C for 2 and 6 hours. Cold exposure (acutely and chronically) led to increases in BAT oxidative activity, which was accompanied by concomitant increases in glucose and NEFA uptake. The increases were particularly high in cold-adapted rats and largely readily reduced by the return to a warm environment. The cold-induced increase in oxidative activity was meaningfully blunted by nicotinic acid, a lipolysis inhibitor, which emphasizes in vivo the key role of intracellular lipid in BAT thermogenesis. The changes in BAT oxidative activity and glucose and NEFA uptakes were paralleled by inductions of genes involved in not only oxidative metabolism but also in energy substrate replenishment (triglyceride and glycogen synthesis). The capacity of BAT for energy substrate replenishment is remarkable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- *Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, and Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- *Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, and Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Inan Bakan
- *Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, and Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- *Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, and Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- *Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, and Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- *Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, and Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- *Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, and Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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14
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Bellanger S, Benrezzak O, Battista MC, Naimi F, Labbé SM, Frisch F, Normand-Lauzière F, Gallo-Payet N, Carpentier AC, Baillargeon JP. Experimental dog model for assessment of fasting and postprandial fatty acid metabolism: pitfalls and feasibility. Lab Anim 2015; 49:228-40. [PMID: 25563731 DOI: 10.1177/0023677214566021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dog is a widely-used model for conducting metabolic studies. This is mainly due to its large size and its physiology which is relatively similar to that of humans. Here, we attempted to optimize a postprandial metabolic study protocol used in dogs. Following acclimatization, female mongrel dogs underwent 9 h profiling for time-course baseline plasma data on triglyceride, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels. One week later, carotid and jugular catheters were surgically inserted for sampling and infusions. Initial post-operative care, based on the literature (Protocol 1), consisted of analgesia (buprenorphine every 8-12 h and 2-3 doses/day of acepromazine), restriction by Pavlov harness within cages, and a two- to three-day recovery period. Throughout the experiment, dogs received a lipid tracer diluted in 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Compared with baseline, animals vomited (n = 6/6) and exhibited high ACTH + cortisol levels (stress biomarkers), resulting in blunted triglyceride peak levels. To avoid these undesirable effects, post-operative care was modified (Protocol 2) as follows: animals (n = 19) were given a single dose of buprenorphine and no acepromazine, were unrestrained and free to move within cages, the recovery period was extended to seven days, and the lipid tracer was diluted in 0.002% versus 5% BSA. Using this modified protocol, postprandial plasma-triglyceride and ACTH/cortisol patterns were similar to baseline values. Controlling for stressors, as well as for factors which may alter proper digestion, is critical for all postprandial metabolic studies. Our results show that an optimized postprandial metabolic protocol used in dogs reduces experimental variability, while improving animal care and comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bellanger
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - O Benrezzak
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - M C Battista
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Naimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - S M Labbé
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Normand-Lauzière
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Gallo-Payet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - A C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - J P Baillargeon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Richard D, Carpentier AC, Haman F. Contributions of white and brown adipose tissues and skeletal muscles to acute cold-induced metabolic responses in healthy men. J Physiol 2014; 593:701-14. [PMID: 25384777 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle activation contribute to the metabolic response of acute cold exposure in healthy men even under minimal shivering. Activation of adipose tissue intracellular lipolysis is associated with BAT metabolic response upon acute cold exposure in healthy men. Although BAT glucose uptake per volume of tissue is important, the bulk of glucose turnover during cold exposure is mediated by skeletal muscle metabolic activation even when shivering is minimized. ABSTRACT Cold exposure stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), triggering the activation of cold-defence responses and mobilizing substrates to fuel the thermogenic processes. Although these processes have been investigated independently, the physiological interaction and coordinated contribution of the tissues involved in producing heat or mobilizing substrates has never been investigated in humans. Using [U-(13)C]-palmitate and [3-(3)H]-glucose tracer methodologies coupled with positron emission tomography using (11)C-acetate and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose, we examined the relationship between whole body sympathetically induced white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis and brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and mapped the skeletal muscle shivering and metabolic activation pattern during a mild, acute cold exposure designed to minimize shivering response in 12 lean healthy men. Cold-induced increase in whole-body oxygen consumption was not independently associated with BAT volume of activity, BAT oxidative metabolism, or muscle metabolism or shivering intensity, but depended on the sum of responses of these two metabolic tissues. Cold-induced increase in non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) appearance rate was strongly associated with the volume of metabolically active BAT (r = 0.80, P = 0.005), total BAT oxidative metabolism (r = 0.70, P = 0.004) and BAT glucose uptake (r = 0.80, P = 0.005), but not muscle glucose metabolism. The total glucose uptake was more than one order of magnitude greater in skeletal muscles compared to BAT during cold exposure (674 ± 124 vs. 12 ± 8 μmol min(-1), respectively, P < 0.001). Glucose uptake demonstrated that deeper, centrally located muscles of the neck, back and inner thigh were the greatest contributors of muscle glucose uptake during cold exposure due to their more important shivering response. In summary, these results demonstrate for the first time that the increase in plasma NEFA appearance from WAT lipolysis is closely associated with BAT metabolic activation upon acute cold exposure in healthy men. In humans, muscle glucose utilization during shivering contributes to a much greater extent than BAT to systemic glucose utilization during acute cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Croteau E, Tremblay S, Gascon S, Dumulon-Perreault V, Labbé SM, Rousseau JA, Cunnane SC, Carpentier AC, Bénard F, Lecomte R. [(11)C]-Acetoacetate PET imaging: a potential early marker for cardiac heart failure. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:863-70. [PMID: 25195015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ketone body acetoacetate could be used as an alternate nutrient for the heart, and it also has the potential to improve cardiac function in an ischemic-reperfusion model or reduce the mitochondrial production of oxidative stress involved in cardiotoxicity. In this study, [(11)C]-acetoacetate was investigated as an early marker of intracellular damage in heart failure. METHODS A rat cardiotoxicity heart failure model was induced by doxorubicin, Dox(+). [(14)C]-Acetoacetate, a non-positron (β-) emitting radiotracer, was used to characterize the arterial blood input function and myocardial mitochondrial uptake. Afterward, [(11)C]-acetoacetate (β+) myocardial PET images were obtained for kinetic analysis and heart function assessment in control Dox(-) (n=15) and treated Dox(+) (n=6) rats. The uptake rate (K1) and myocardial clearance rate (k2or kmono) were extracted. RESULTS [(14)C]-Acetoacetate in the blood was increased in Dox(+), from 2 min post-injection until the last withdrawal point when the heart was harvested, as well as the uptake in the heart and myocardial mitochondria (unpaired t-test, p <0.05). PET kinetic analysis of [(11)C]-acetoacetate showed that rate constants K1, k2 and kmono were decreased in Dox(+) (p <0.05) combined with a reduction of 24% of the left ventricular ejection fraction (p <0.001). CONCLUSION Radioactive acetoacetate ex vivo analysis [(14)C], and in vivo kinetic [(11)C] studies provided evidence that [(11)C]-acetoacetate can assess heart failure Dox(+). Contrary to myocardial flow reserve (rest-stress protocol), [(11)C]-acetoacetate can be used to assess reduced kinetic rate constants without requirement of hyperemic stress response. The proposed [(11)C]-acetoacetate cardiac radiotracer in the investigation of heart disease is novel and paves the way to a potential role for [(11)C]-acetoacetate in cardiac pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Croteau
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center of CRCHUS, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Tremblay
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center of CRCHUS, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne Gascon
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center of CRCHUS, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Dumulon-Perreault
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center of CRCHUS, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien M Labbé
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques A Rousseau
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center of CRCHUS, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center of CRCHUS, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Labbé SM, Noll C, Grenier-Larouche T, Kunach M, Bouffard L, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Baillargeon JP, Langlois MF, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC. Improved cardiac function and dietary fatty acid metabolism after modest weight loss in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1388-96. [PMID: 24760989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00638.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel positron emission tomography (PET) method with oral administration of 14(R,S)-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (¹⁸FTHA), we recently demonstrated that subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) display an impairment in cardiac function associated with increased myocardial uptake of dietary fatty acids. Here, we determined whether modest weight loss induced by lifestyle changes might improve these cardiac metabolic and functional abnormalities. Nine participants with IGT, enrolled in a one-year lifestyle intervention trial, were invited to undergo determination of organ-specific postprandial dietary fatty acids partition using the oral ¹⁸FTHA method, and cardiac function and oxidative metabolic index using PET [¹¹C]acetate kinetics with ECG-gated PET ventriculography before and after the intervention. The intervention resulted in significant weight loss and reduction of waist circumference, with reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides excursion. We observed a significant increase in stroke volume, cardiac output, and left ventricular ejection fraction associated with reduced myocardial oxidative metabolic index and fractional dietary fatty acid uptake. Modest weight loss corrects the exaggerated myocardial channeling of dietary fatty acids and improves myocardial energy substrate metabolism and function in IGT subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Thomas Grenier-Larouche
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Margaret Kunach
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Lucie Bouffard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Patrice Baillargeon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Marie-France Langlois
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Eric E Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
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Kunach M, Noll C, Labbé SM, Grenier-Larouche T, Bouffard L, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Baillargeon JP, Langlois MF, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC. Improved Cardiopulmonary Functional Capacity Following a One-Year Lifestyle Intervention Regimen Does Not Explain Improved Postprandial Myocardial Dietary Fatty Acid Metabolism in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Can J Diabetes 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Tingelstad HC, Noll C, Kunach M, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC, Richard D, Haman F. Increased brown adipose tissue oxidative capacity in cold-acclimated humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E438-46. [PMID: 24423363 PMCID: PMC4213359 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies examining brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism in adult humans have provided convincing evidence of its thermogenic potential and role in clearing circulating glucose and fatty acids under acute mild cold exposure. In contrast, early indications suggest that BAT metabolism is defective in obesity and type 2 diabetes, which may have important pathological and therapeutic implications. Although many mammalian models have demonstrated the phenotypic flexibility of this tissue through chronic cold exposure, little is known about the metabolic plasticity of BAT in humans. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether 4 weeks of daily cold exposure could increase both the volume of metabolically active BAT and its oxidative capacity. DESIGN Six nonacclimated men were exposed to 10°C for 2 hours daily for 4 weeks (5 d/wk), using a liquid-conditioned suit. Using electromyography combined with positron emission tomography with [(11)C]acetate and [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose, shivering intensity and BAT oxidative metabolism, glucose uptake, and volume before and after 4 weeks of cold acclimation were examined under controlled acute cold-exposure conditions. RESULTS The 4-week acclimation protocol elicited a 45% increase in BAT volume of activity (from 66 ± 30 to 95 ± 28 mL, P < .05) and a 2.2-fold increase in cold-induced total BAT oxidative metabolism (from 0.725 ± 0.300 to 1.591 ± 0.326 mL·s(-1), P < .05). Shivering intensity was not significantly different before compared with after acclimation (2.1% ± 0.7% vs 2.0% ± 0.5% maximal voluntary contraction, respectively). Fractional glucose uptake in BAT increased after acclimation (from 0.035 ± 0.014 to 0.048 ± 0.012 min(-1)), and net glucose uptake also trended toward an increase (from 163 ± 60 to 209 ± 50 nmol·g(-1)·min(-1)). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that daily cold exposure not only increases the volume of metabolically active BAT but also increases its oxidative capacity and thus its contribution to cold-induced thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Faculty of Health Sciences (D.P.B., H.C.T., F.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (S.M.L., D.R.), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5; Department of Medicine (C.N., M.K., S.P., A.C.C.), Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology (S.P., B.G., E.E.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Turcotte ÉE, Richard D, Carpentier AC, Haman F. Cold acclimation increases the contribution of brown adipose tissue‐derived thermogenesis in adult humans. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1204.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien M. Labbé
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Éric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and RadiobiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
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Shum M, Pinard S, Guimond MO, Labbé SM, Roberge C, Baillargeon JP, Langlois MF, Alterman M, Wallinder C, Hallberg A, Carpentier AC, Gallo-Payet N. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor promotes adipocyte differentiation and restores adipocyte size in high-fat/high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E197-210. [PMID: 23149621 PMCID: PMC3543572 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00149.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at establishing whether specific activation of angiotensin II (ANG II) type 2 receptor (AT2R) modulates adipocyte differentiation and function. In primary cultures of subcutaneous (SC) and retroperitoneal (RET) preadipocytes, both AT2R and AT1R were expressed at the mRNA and protein level. Cells were stimulated with ANG II or the AT2R agonist C21/M24, alone or in the presence of the AT1R antagonist losartan or the AT2R antagonist PD123,319. During differentiation, C21/M24 increased PPARγ expression in both RET and SC preadipocytes while the number of small lipid droplets and lipid accumulation solely increased in SC preadipocytes. In mature adipocytes, C21/M24 decreased the mean size of large lipid droplets. Upon abolishment of AT2R expression using AT2R-targeted shRNAs, expressions of AT2R, aP2, and PPARγ remained very low, and cells were unable to differentiate. In Wistar rats fed a 6-wk high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) diet, a significant shift toward larger adipocytes was observed in RET and SC adipose tissue depots. C21/M24 treatments for 6 wk restored normal adipocyte size distribution in both these tissue depots. Moreover, C21/M24 and losartan decreased hyperinsulinemia and improved insulin sensitivity impaired by HFHF diet. A strong correlation between adipocyte size area and glucose infusion rate during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was observed. These results indicate that AT2R is involved in early adipocyte differentiation, while in mature adipocytes and in a model of insulin resistance AT2R activation restores normal adipocyte morphology and improves insulin sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adipocytes/pathology
- Adipocytes/physiology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/adverse effects
- Fructose/adverse effects
- Insulin Resistance/genetics
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Male
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Shum
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Grenier-Larouche T, Labbé SM, Noll C, Richard D, Carpentier AC. Metabolic inflexibility of white and brown adipose tissues in abnormal fatty acid partitioning of type 2 diabetes. Int J Obes Suppl 2012; 2:S37-42. [PMID: 27152152 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2012.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a general dysregulation of postprandial energy substrate partitioning. Although classically described in regard to glucose metabolism, it is now evident that metabolic inflexibility of plasma lipid fluxes is also present in T2D. The organ that is most importantly involved in the latter metabolic defect is the white adipose tissue (WAT). Both catecholamine-induced nonesterified fatty acid mobilization and insulin-stimulated storage of meal fatty acids are impaired in many WAT depots of insulin-resistant individuals. Novel molecular imaging techniques now demonstrate that these defects are linked to increased dietary fatty acid fluxes toward lean organs and myocardial dysfunction in humans. Recent findings also demonstrate functional abnormalities of brown adipose tissues in T2D, thus suggesting that a generalized adipose tissue dysregulation of energy storage and dissipation may be at play in the development of lean tissue energy overload and lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Grenier-Larouche
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - S M Labbé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - C Noll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - D Richard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval Québec , Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - A C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Labbé SM, Grenier-Larouche T, Noll C, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC. Increased myocardial uptake of dietary fatty acids linked to cardiac dysfunction in glucose-intolerant humans. Diabetes 2012; 61:2701-10. [PMID: 23093657 PMCID: PMC3478552 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cardiac systolic and diastolic function has been observed in preclinical models and in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Using a recently validated positron emission tomography (PET) imaging method with 14(R,S)-[(¹⁸F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid to quantify organ-specific dietary fatty acid partitioning, we demonstrate in this study that overweight and obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT⁺) display significant increase in fractional myocardial dietary fatty acid uptake over the first 6 h postprandial compared with control individuals (IGT⁻). Measured by [¹¹C]acetate with PET, IGT⁺ subjects have a significant increase in myocardial oxidative index. IGT⁺ subjects have significantly reduced left ventricular stroke volume and ejection fraction (LVEF) and tend to display impaired diastolic function, as assessed by PET ventriculography. We demonstrate an inverse relationship between increased myocardial dietary fatty acid partitioning and LVEF. Fractional dietary fatty acid uptake is reduced in subcutaneous abdominal and visceral adipose tissues in IGT⁺ directly associated with central obesity. Fractional dietary fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscles or liver is, however, similar in IGT⁺ versus IGT⁻. The current study demonstrates, for the first time, that excessive myocardial partitioning of dietary fatty acids occurs in prediabetic individuals and is associated with early impairment of left ventricular function and increased myocardial oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M. Labbé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-LeBel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Grenier-Larouche
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-LeBel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-LeBel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-LeBel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-LeBel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-LeBel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-LeBel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-LeBel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Corresponding author: André C. Carpentier,
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Bessi VL, Labbé SM, Huynh DN, Ménard L, Jossart C, Febbraio M, Guérin B, Bentourkia M, Lecomte R, Carpentier AC, Ong H, Marleau S. EP 80317, a selective CD36 ligand, shows cardioprotective effects against post-ischaemic myocardial damage in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:99-108. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Carpentier AC, Frisch F, Labbé SM, Gagnon R, de Wal J, Greentree S, Petry H, Twisk J, Brisson D, Gaudet D. Effect of alipogene tiparvovec (AAV1-LPL(S447X)) on postprandial chylomicron metabolism in lipoprotein lipase-deficient patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:1635-44. [PMID: 22438229 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase-deficient (LPLD) individuals display marked chylomicronemia and hypertriglyceridemia associated with increased pancreatitis risk. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of i.m. administration of an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV1) for expression of LPL(S447X) in muscle (alipogene tiparvovec, AAV1-LPL(S447X)) on postprandial chylomicron metabolism and on nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glycerol metabolism in LPLD individuals. METHODOLOGY In an open-label clinical trial (CT-AMT-011-02), LPLD subjects were administered alipogene tiparvovec at a dose of 1 × 10(12) genome copies per kilogram. Two weeks before and 14 wk after administration, chylomicron metabolism and plasma palmitate and glycerol appearance rates were determined after ingestion of a low-fat meal containing (3)H-palmitate, combined with (continuous) iv infusion of [U-(13)C]palmitate and [1,1,2,3,3-(2)H]glycerol. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS After administration of alipogene tiparvovec, the triglyceride (TG) content of the chylomicron fraction and the chylomicron-TG/total plasma TG ratio were reduced throughout the postprandial period. The postprandial peak chylomicron (3)H level and chylomicron (3)H area under the curve were greatly reduced (by 79 and 93%, 6 and 24 h after the test meal, respectively). There were no significant changes in plasma NEFA and glycerol appearance rates. Plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide also did not change. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Intramuscular administration of alipogene tiparvovec resulted in a significant improvement of postprandial chylomicron metabolism in LPLD patients, without inducing large postprandial NEFA spillover.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
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Ouellet V, Labbé SM, Blondin DP, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Haman F, Turcotte EE, Richard D, Carpentier AC. Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:545-52. [PMID: 22269323 PMCID: PMC3266793 DOI: 10.1172/jci60433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is vital for proper thermogenesis during cold exposure in rodents, but until recently its presence in adult humans and its contribution to human metabolism were thought to be minimal or insignificant. Recent studies using PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) have shown the presence of BAT in adult humans. However, whether BAT contributes to cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis in humans has not been proven. Using PET with 11C-acetate, 18FDG, and 18F-fluoro-thiaheptadecanoic acid (18FTHA), a fatty acid tracer, we have quantified BAT oxidative metabolism and glucose and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) turnover in 6 healthy men under controlled cold exposure conditions. All subjects displayed substantial NEFA and glucose uptake upon cold exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrated cold-induced activation of oxidative metabolism in BAT, but not in adjoining skeletal muscles and subcutaneous adipose tissue. This activation was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure. We found an inverse relationship between BAT activity and shivering. We also observed an increase in BAT radio density upon cold exposure, indicating reduced BAT triglyceride content. In sum, our study provides evidence that BAT acts as a nonshivering thermogenesis effector in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ouellet
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M. Labbé
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis P. Blondin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric E. Turcotte
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Richard D, Monge-Roffarello B, Chechi K, Labbé SM, Turcotte EE. Control and physiological determinants of sympathetically mediated brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:36. [PMID: 22654862 PMCID: PMC3356074 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) represents a remarkable heat-producing tissue. The thermogenic potential of BAT is conferred by uncoupling protein 1, a protein found uniquely in brown adipocytes. BAT activity and capacity is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which densely innervates brown fat depots. SNS-mediated BAT thermogenesis is essentially governed by hypothalamic and brainstem neurons. BAT activity is also modulated by brain energy balance pathways including the very significant brain melanocortin system, suggesting a genuine involvement of SNS-mediated BAT thermogenesis in energy homeostasis. The use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning has revealed the presence of well-defined BAT depots in the cervical, clavicular, and paraspinal areas in adult humans. The prevalence of these depots is higher in subjects exposed to low temperature and is also higher in women compared to men. Moreover, the prevalence of BAT decreases with age and body fat mass, suggesting that BAT could be involved in energy balance regulation and obesity in humans. This short review summarizes recent progress made in our understanding of the control of SNS-mediated BAT thermogenesis and of the determinants of BAT prevalence or detection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec et Groupe interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Obésité de l’Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Denis Richard, Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5. e-mail:
| | - Boris Monge-Roffarello
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec et Groupe interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Obésité de l’Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Kanta Chechi
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec et Groupe interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Obésité de l’Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien M. Labbé
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec et Groupe interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Obésité de l’Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric E. Turcotte
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec et Groupe interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Obésité de l’Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
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Carpentier AC, Labbé SM, Grenier-Larouche T, Noll C. Abnormal dietary fatty acid metabolic partitioning in insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Labbé SM, Grenier-Larouche T, Croteau E, Normand-Lauzière F, Frisch F, Ouellet R, Guérin B, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC. Organ-specific dietary fatty acid uptake in humans using positron emission tomography coupled to computed tomography. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E445-53. [PMID: 21098737 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00579.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A noninvasive method to determine postprandial fatty acid tissue partition may elucidate the link between excess dietary fat and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the positron-emitting fatty acid analog 14(R,S)-[(18)F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ((18)FTHA) administered orally during a meal would be incorporated into chylomicron triglycerides, allowing determination of interorgan dietary fatty acid uptake. We administered (18)FTHA orally at the beginning of a standard liquid meal ingested in nine healthy men. There was no significant (18)FTHA uptake in the portal vein and the liver during the 1st hour. Whole body PET/CT acquisition revealed early appearance of (18)FTHA in the distal thoracic duct, reaching a peak at time 240 min. (18)FTHA mean standard uptake value increased progressively in the liver, heart, quadriceps, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues between time 60 and 240 min. Most circulating (18)F activity between time 0 and 360 min was recovered into chylomicron triglycerides. Using Triton WR-1339 treatment in rats that received (18)FTHA by gavage, we confirmed that >90% of this tracer reached the circulation as triglycerides. This novel noninvasive method to determine tissue dietary fatty acid distribution in humans should prove useful in the study of the mechanisms leading to lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Labbé SM, Croteau E, Grenier-Larouche T, Frisch F, Ouellet R, Langlois R, Guérin B, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC. Normal postprandial nonesterified fatty acid uptake in muscles despite increased circulating fatty acids in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:408-15. [PMID: 21228312 PMCID: PMC3028339 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postprandial plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) appearance is increased in type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to determine whether skeletal muscle uptake of plasma NEFA is abnormal during the postprandial state in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thigh muscle blood flow and oxidative metabolism indexes and NEFA uptake were determined using positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (PET/CT) with [(11)C]acetate and 14(R,S)-[(18)F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ((18)FTHA) in seven healthy control subjects (CON) and seven subjects with type 2 diabetes during continuous oral intake of a liquid meal to achieve steady postprandial NEFA levels with insulin infusion to maintain similar plasma glucose levels in both groups. RESULTS In the postprandial state, plasma NEFA level was higher in type 2 diabetic subjects versus CON (P < 0.01), whereas plasma glucose was at the same level in both groups. Muscle NEFA fractional extraction and blood flow index levels were 56% (P < 0.05) and 24% (P = 0.27) lower in type 2 diabetes, respectively. However, muscle NEFA uptake was similar to that of CON (quadriceps femoris [QF] 1.47 ± 0.23 vs. 1.37 ± 0.24 nmol·g(-1)·min(-1), P = 0.77; biceps femoris [BF] 1.54 ± 0.26 vs. 1.46 ± 0.28 nmol·g(-1)·min(-1), P = 0.85). Muscle oxidative metabolism was similar in both groups. Muscle NEFA fractional extraction and blood flow index were strongly and positively correlated (r = 0.79, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Postprandial muscle NEFA uptake is normal despite elevated systemic NEFA levels and acute normalization of plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. Lower postprandial muscle blood flow with resulting reduction in muscle NEFA fractional extraction may explain this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M. Labbé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Frédérique Frisch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - René Ouellet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Réjean Langlois
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Corresponding author: André C. Carpentier,
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Normand-Lauzière F, Frisch F, Labbé SM, Bherer P, Gagnon R, Cunnane SC, Carpentier AC. Increased postprandial nonesterified fatty acid appearance and oxidation in type 2 diabetes is not fully established in offspring of diabetic subjects. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10956. [PMID: 20532041 PMCID: PMC2881041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been proposed that abnormal postprandial plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism may participate in the development of tissue lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously found that non-diabetic offspring of two parents with T2D display increased plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation rates during intravenous administration of a fat emulsion. However, it is currently unknown whether plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation are abnormal during the postprandial state in these subjects at high-risk of developing T2D. Methodology Palmitate appearance and oxidation rates and glycerol appearance rate were determined in eleven healthy offspring of two parents with T2D (positive family history, FH+), 13 healthy subjects without first-degree relatives with T2D (FH-) and 12 subjects with T2D at fasting, during normoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and during continuous oral intake of a standard liquid meal to achieve steady postprandial NEFA and triacylglycerols (TG) without and with insulin infusion to maintain similar glycemia in all three groups. Principal Findings Plasma palmitate appearance and oxidation were higher at fasting and during the clamp conditions in the T2D group (all P<0.05). In the postprandial state, palmitate appearance, oxidative and non oxidative rates were all elevated in T2D (all P<0.05) but not in FH+. Both T2D and FH+ displayed elevated postprandial TG vs. FH- (P<0.001). Acute correction of hyperglycemia during the postprandial state did not affect these group differences. Increased waist circumference and BMI were positively associated with elevated postprandial plasma palmitate appearance and oxidation. Conclusions/Significance Postprandial plasma NEFA intolerance observed in subjects with T2D is not fully established in non-diabetic offspring of both parents with T2D, despite the presence of increased postprandial plasma TG in the later. Elevated postprandial plasma NEFA appearance and oxidation in T2D is observed despite acute correction of the exaggerated glycemic excursion in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Normand-Lauzière
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M. Labbé
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Bherer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - René Gagnon
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - André C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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