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Carrère-Kremer S, Kolia-Diafouka P, Pisoni A, Bolloré K, Peries M, Godreuil S, Bourdin A, Van de Perre P, Tuaillon E. QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Assay in Patients With Latent vs. Active Tuberculosis in a Low Incidence Setting: Level of IFN-γ, CD4/CD8 Responses, and Release of IL-2, IP-10, and MIG. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825021. [PMID: 35464936 PMCID: PMC9026190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesWe analyzed the results of the QuantiFERON Glod Plus assay (QFT) and cytokine patterns associated with active tuberculosis (ATB) among patients with positive QFT.MethodsA total of 195 patients are QFT-positive, among which 24 had an ATB and 171 had a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion was analyzed relative to interleukin-2 (IL-2), IFN-γ inducible protein or CXCL-10 (IP-10), and monokine induced by IFN-γ or CXCL-9 (MIG) secretion, and then compared between two sets of peptide antigens [tube 1 - cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T cell stimulation; tube 2 - CD4+/CD8+ T cell response].ResultsHigher IFN-γ responses were measured in the ATB group (p = 0.0089). The results showed that there was a lower ratio of tube 1/tube 2 IFN-γ concentrations in the ATB group (p = 0.0009), and a median [interquartile ranges (IQR)] difference between the two sets at −0.82 IU/ml (−1.67 to 0.18) vs. −0.07 IU/ml (−0.035 to 0.11, p < 0.0001) in the ATB group compared to the LTBI group, respectively. In addition, patients with low ratios of IL-2/IFN-γ, IP-10/IFN-γ, and MIG/IFN-γ were much more likely to have ATB.ConclusionHigh levels of IFN-γ secretion, preferential IFN-γ response in tube 2, and lower secretion of IL-2, IP-10, and MIG release relative to IFN-γ secretion were more likely observed in subjects with ATB. These features of T cell response may be helpful in low prevalence settings to suspect ATB in patients tested positive for IFN-γ release assays (IGRA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1058, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Pratt Kolia-Diafouka
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1058, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Pisoni
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1058, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Bolloré
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1058, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Marianne Peries
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1058, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- UMR MIVEGEC IRD-Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1058, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1058, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Edouard Tuaillon,
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2
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Luz-Crawford P, Hernandez J, Djouad F, Luque-Campos N, Caicedo A, Carrère-Kremer S, Brondello JM, Vignais ML, Pène J, Jorgensen C. Mesenchymal stem cell repression of Th17 cells is triggered by mitochondrial transfer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:232. [PMID: 31370879 PMCID: PMC6676586 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with broad immunosuppressive capacities. Recently, it has been reported that MSCs can transfer mitochondria to various cell types, including fibroblast, cancer, and endothelial cells. It has been suggested that mitochondrial transfer is associated with a physiological response to cues released by damaged cells to restore and regenerate damaged tissue. However, the role of mitochondrial transfer to immune competent cells has been poorly investigated. Methods and results Here, we analyzed the capacity of MSCs from the bone marrow (BM) of healthy donors (BM-MSCs) to transfer mitochondria to primary CD4+CCR6+CD45RO+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells by confocal microscopy and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). We then evaluated the Th17 cell inflammatory phenotype and bioenergetics at 4 h and 24 h of co-culture with BM-MSCs. We found that Th17 cells can take up mitochondria from BM-MSCs already after 4 h of co-culture. Moreover, IL-17 production by Th17 cells co-cultured with BM-MSCs was significantly impaired in a contact-dependent manner. This inhibition was associated with oxygen consumption increase by Th17 cells and interconversion into T regulatory cells. Finally, by co-culturing human synovial MSCs (sMSCs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with Th17 cells, we found that compared with healthy BM-MSCs, mitochondrial transfer to Th17 cells was impaired in RA-sMSCs. Moreover, artificial mitochondrial transfer also significantly reduced IL-17 production by Th17 cells. Conclusions The present study brings some insights into a novel mechanism of T cell function regulation through mitochondrial transfer from stromal stem cells. The reduced mitochondrial transfer by RA-sMSCs might contribute to the persistence of chronic inflammation in RA synovitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1307-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Hernandez
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Hospital de los Valles, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Brondello
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Marie-Luce Vignais
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Jérôme Pène
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France. .,CHU Montpellier, F-34295, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Kolia-Diafouka P, Carrère-Kremer S, Lounnas M, Bourdin A, Kremer L, Van de Perre P, Godreuil S, Tuaillon E. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in paucibacillary sputum: performances of the Xpert MTB/RIF ultra compared to the Xpert MTB/RIF, and IS6110 PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:365-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Zida S, Kolia-Diafouka P, Kania D, Sotto A, Foulongne V, Bolloré K, Ouangraoua S, Méda N, Carrère-Kremer S, Van de Perre P, Tuaillon E. Combined testing for herpes simplex virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aseptic meningitis in Burkina Faso, West Africa. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22719. [PMID: 30474140 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the involvement of herpes simplex virus (HSV) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as potentially curable causes of central nervous system (CNS) infections in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE In this study, we developed a PCR assay dedicated to simultaneous testing of HSV1/HSV2 and MTB in Burkina Faso, a country where HSV is neglected as a cause of CNS infection and where TB prevalence is high. METHODS A consensus HSV1/HSV2 set of primers and probe were designed and combined to primers and probe targeting the IS6110 repetitive insertion sequence of MTB. Analytical performances of the assay were evaluated on reference materials. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from subjects with aseptic meningitis was tested for HSV1/HSV2 and MTB DNA. RESULTS The UL29 gene was chosen as a highly conserved region targeted by the HSV1/HSV2 nucleic acid test. The lower limits of detection were estimated to be 2.45 copies/µL for HSV1, 1.72 copies/µL for HSV2, and 2.54 IS6110 copies per µL for MTB. The PCR was used in 202 CSF collected from subjects suspected of aseptic meningitis. Five samples (2.46%) tested positive, including two children positive for HSV1 (0.99%) and three adults tested positive for MTB (1.47%). CONCLUSION Using an in-house real-time PCR assay, we showed that both HSV and MTB are etiologic pathogens contributing to aseptic meningitis in Burkina Faso. This molecular test may have clinical utility for early diagnosis for those treatable CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Zida
- UMR 1058, INSERM/EFS/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre MURAZ, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | | | - Karine Bolloré
- UMR 1058, INSERM/EFS/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicolas Méda
- Ministère de la santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Edouard Tuaillon
- UMR 1058, INSERM/EFS/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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5
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Carrère-Kremer S, Rubbo PA, Pisoni A, Bendriss S, Marin G, Peries M, Bolloré K, Terru D, Godreuil S, Bourdin A, Van de Perre P, Tuaillon E. High IFN-γ Release and Impaired Capacity of Multi-Cytokine Secretion in IGRA Supernatants Are Associated with Active Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162137. [PMID: 27603919 PMCID: PMC5014470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection regardless of the active (ATB) or latent (LTBI) forms of tuberculosis (TB). In this study, Mtb-specific T cell response against region of deletion 1 (RD1) antigens were explored by a microbead multiplex assay performed in T-SPOT TB assay (T-SPOT) supernatants from 35 patients with ATB and 115 patients with LTBI. T-SPOT is positive when over 7 IFN-γ secreting cells (SC)/250 000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are enumerated. However, over 100 IFN-γ SC /250 000 PBMC were more frequently observed in the ATB group compared to the LTBI group. By contrast, lower cytokine concentrations and lower cytokine productions relative to IFN-γ secretion were observed for IL 4, IL-12, TNF-α, GM-CSF, Eotaxin and IFN-α when compared to LTBI. Thus, high IFN-γ release and low cytokine secretions in relation with IFN-γ production appeared as signatures of ATB, corroborating that multicytokine Mtb-specific response against RD1 antigens reflects host capacity to contain TB reactivation. In this way, testing cytokine profile in IGRA supernatants would be helpful to improve ATB screening strategy including immunologic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- UMR1058 INSERM/University Montpellier/EFS, Montpellier, France.,University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Alain Rubbo
- UMR1058 INSERM/University Montpellier/EFS, Montpellier, France.,University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Pisoni
- UMR1058 INSERM/University Montpellier/EFS, Montpellier, France.,CHRU Montpellier, Departments of Bacteriology-Virology, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Bendriss
- CHRU Montpellier, Departments of Bacteriology-Virology, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégory Marin
- CHRU Montpellier, Department of Medical Information, Montpellier, France
| | - Marianne Peries
- UMR1058 INSERM/University Montpellier/EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Bolloré
- UMR1058 INSERM/University Montpellier/EFS, Montpellier, France.,University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Terru
- CHRU Montpellier, Departments of Bacteriology-Virology, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- CHRU Montpellier, Departments of Bacteriology-Virology, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- CHRU Montpellier, Department of Pneumology, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- UMR1058 INSERM/University Montpellier/EFS, Montpellier, France.,University Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CHRU Montpellier, Departments of Bacteriology-Virology, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- UMR1058 INSERM/University Montpellier/EFS, Montpellier, France.,University Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CHRU Montpellier, Departments of Bacteriology-Virology, Montpellier, France
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6
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Singh VK, Berry L, Bernut A, Singh S, Carrère-Kremer S, Viljoen A, Alibaud L, Majlessi L, Brosch R, Chaturvedi V, Geurtsen J, Drancourt M, Kremer L. A unique PE_PGRS protein inhibiting host cell cytosolic defenses and sustaining full virulence of Mycobacterium marinum in multiple hosts. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1489-1507. [PMID: 27120981 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense research, PE_PGRS proteins still represent an intriguing aspect of mycobacterial pathogenesis. These cell surface proteins influence virulence in several pathogenic species, but their diverse and exact functions remain unclear. Herein, we focussed on a PE_PGRS member from Mycobacterium marinum, MMAR_0242, characterized by an extended and unique C-terminal domain. We demonstrate that an M. marinum mutant carrying a transposon insertion in MMAR_0242 is highly impaired in its ability to replicate in macrophages and amoebae, because of its inability to inhibit lysosomal fusion. As a consequence, this mutant failed to survive intracellularly as evidenced by a reduced number of cytosolic actin tail-forming bacteria and by quantitative electron microscopy, which mainly localized MMAR_0242::Tn within membrane-defined vacuoles. Functional complementation studies indicated that the C-terminus, but not the N-terminal PE_PGRS domain, is required for intracellular growth/survival. In line with these findings, disruption of MMAR_0242 resulted in a highly attenuated virulence phenotype in zebrafish embryos, characterized by restricted bacterial loads and a failure to produce granulomas. Furthermore, expression of MMAR_0242 in Mycobacterium smegmatis, a non-pathogenic species naturally deficient in PE_PGRS production, resulted in increased survival in amoebae with enhanced cytotoxic cell death and increased survival in infected mice with splenomegaly. Overall, these results indicate that MMAR_0242 is required for full virulence of M. marinum and sufficient to confer pathogenic properties to M. smegmatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul K Singh
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5235, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurence Berry
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5235, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Audrey Bernut
- Centre d'étude des Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), CNRS FRE 3689, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Shubhra Singh
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 226031, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road (NH-24) Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- INSERM U1058, Université de Montpellier and Department of Bacteriology-Virology, CHU de Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Centre d'étude des Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), CNRS FRE 3689, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Laeticia Alibaud
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5235, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne Intégrée, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne Intégrée, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Vinita Chaturvedi
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 226031, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jeroen Geurtsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Université Aix-Marseille, URMITE, UMR63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5235, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France. .,Centre d'étude des Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), CNRS FRE 3689, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France. .,INSERM, CPBS, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, France.
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7
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Arancibia R, Quintana C, Biot C, Medina ME, Carrère-Kremer S, Kremer L, Klahn AH. Palladium (II) and platinum (II) complexes containing organometallic thiosemicarbazone ligands: Synthesis, characterization, X-ray structures and antitubercular evaluation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carrère-Kremer S, Blaise M, Singh VK, Alibaud L, Tuaillon E, Halloum I, van de Weerd R, Guérardel Y, Drancourt M, Takiff H, Geurtsen J, Kremer L. A new dehydratase conferring innate resistance to thiacetazone and intra-amoebal survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:1085-102. [PMID: 25754266 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are innately resistant to most antibiotics, although the mechanisms responsible for their drug resistance remain poorly understood. They are particularly refractory to thiacetazone (TAC), a second-line antitubercular drug. Herein, we identified MSMEG_6754 as essential for the innate resistance of Mycobacterium smegmatis to TAC. Transposon-mediated and targeted disruption of MSMEG_6754 resulted in hypersusceptibility to TAC. Conversely, introduction of MSMEG_6754 into Mycobacterium tuberculosis increased resistance 100-fold. Resolution of the crystal structure of MSMEG_6754 revealed a homodimer in which each monomer comprises two hot-dog domains characteristic of dehydratase-like proteins and very similar to the HadAB complex involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. Gene inactivation of the essential hadB dehydratase could be achieved in M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis only when the strains carried an integrated copy of MSMEG_6754, supporting the idea that MSMEG_6754 and HadB share redundant dehydratase activity. Using M. smegmatis-Acanthamoeba co-cultures, we found that intra-amoebal growth of the MSMEG_6754 deleted strain was significantly reduced compared with the parental strain. This in vivo growth defect was fully restored upon complementation with catalytically active MSMEG_6754 or HadABC, indicating that MSMEG_6754 plays a critical role in the survival of M. smegmatis within the environmental host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.,INSERM U1058, Université de Montpellier and Department of Bacteriology-Virology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Mickael Blaise
- CARB Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vipul K Singh
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Laeticia Alibaud
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- INSERM U1058, Université de Montpellier and Department of Bacteriology-Virology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Iman Halloum
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Robert van de Weerd
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576, IFR 147, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- URMITE, UMR63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Jeroen Geurtsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.,INSERM, DIMNP, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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9
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Vilchèze C, Molle V, Carrère-Kremer S, Leiba J, Mourey L, Shenai S, Baronian G, Tufariello J, Hartman T, Veyron-Churlet R, Trivelli X, Tiwari S, Weinrick B, Alland D, Guérardel Y, Jacobs WR, Kremer L. Phosphorylation of KasB regulates virulence and acid-fastness in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004115. [PMID: 24809459 PMCID: PMC4014462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli display two signature features: acid-fast staining and the capacity to induce long-term latent infections in humans. However, the mechanisms governing these two important processes remain largely unknown. Ser/Thr phosphorylation has recently emerged as an important regulatory mechanism allowing mycobacteria to adapt their cell wall structure/composition in response to their environment. Herein, we evaluated whether phosphorylation of KasB, a crucial mycolic acid biosynthetic enzyme, could modulate acid-fast staining and virulence. Tandem mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that phosphorylation of KasB occurred at Thr334 and Thr336 both in vitro and in mycobacteria. Isogenic strains of M. tuberculosis with either a deletion of the kasB gene or a kasB_T334D/T336D allele, mimicking constitutive phosphorylation of KasB, were constructed by specialized linkage transduction. Biochemical and structural analyses comparing these mutants to the parental strain revealed that both mutant strains had mycolic acids that were shortened by 4–6 carbon atoms and lacked trans-cyclopropanation. Together, these results suggested that in M. tuberculosis, phosphorylation profoundly decreases the condensing activity of KasB. Structural/modeling analyses reveal that Thr334 and Thr336 are located in the vicinity of the catalytic triad, which indicates that phosphorylation of these amino acids would result in loss of enzyme activity. Importantly, the kasB_T334D/T336D phosphomimetic and deletion alleles, in contrast to the kasB_T334A/T336A phosphoablative allele, completely lost acid-fast staining. Moreover, assessing the virulence of these strains indicated that the KasB phosphomimetic mutant was attenuated in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice following aerosol infection. This attenuation was characterized by the absence of lung pathology. Overall, these results highlight for the first time the role of Ser/Thr kinase-dependent KasB phosphorylation in regulating the later stages of mycolic acid elongation, with important consequences in terms of acid-fast staining and pathogenicity. Acid-fast staining has been used since 1882 as the hallmark diagnostic test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. It has been attributed to the presence of a waxy cell envelope, and primarily to its key components, mycolic acids. Here, we report a new mechanism of regulation in which phosphorylation of KasB, involved in the completion of full-length mycolic acids, leads to shortened mycolic acids and loss of acid-fast staining. Moreover, a M. tuberculosis mutant strain mimicking constitutive phosphorylation of KasB is severely attenuated for growth in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice and fails to cause mortality and pathophysiological symptoms. These results emphasize the critical role of kinase-dependent phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis by controlling the mycolic acid chain length. Our study demonstrates the importance of a regulatory mechanism governing acid-fastness and virulence of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Vilchèze
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Virginie Molle
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier II et I, CNRS; UMR 5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier II et I, CNRS; UMR 5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Jade Leiba
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier II et I, CNRS; UMR 5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Mourey
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Toulouse, France; The Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Shubhada Shenai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the Ruy V. Lourenco Center for the Study of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Grégory Baronian
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier II et I, CNRS; UMR 5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Joann Tufariello
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Travis Hartman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Romain Veyron-Churlet
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier II et I, CNRS; UMR 5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- Université Lille 1, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; CNRS, UMR 8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian Weinrick
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David Alland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the Ruy V. Lourenco Center for the Study of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Université Lille 1, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; CNRS, UMR 8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - William R Jacobs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier II et I, CNRS; UMR 5235, Montpellier, France; INSERM, DIMNP, Montpellier, France
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Leiba J, Carrère-Kremer S, Blondiaux N, Dimala MM, Wohlkönig A, Baulard A, Kremer L, Molle V. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional repressor EthR is negatively regulated by Serine/Threonine phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Raj R, Biot C, Carrère-Kremer S, Kremer L, Guérardel Y, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Forge D, Kumar V. 7-Chloroquinoline-isatin Conjugates: Antimalarial, Antitubercular, and Cytotoxic Evaluation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 83:622-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Raj
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Christophe Biot
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; Université Lille 1; F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- CNRS; UMR 8576; Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59650 France
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques; UMR 5235 CNRS; Université Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques; UMR 5235 CNRS; Université Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
- INSERM; DIMNP; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; Université Lille 1; F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- CNRS; UMR 8576; Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59650 France
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco CA 94143 USA
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco CA 94143 USA
| | - Delphine Forge
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Mons-UMONS; 20 place du parc B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
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Kumar K, Biot C, Carrère-Kremer S, Kremer L, Guérardel Y, Roussel P, Kumar V. Base-Promoted Expedient Access to Spiroisatins: Synthesis and Antitubercular Evaluation of 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-Tethered Spiroisatin–Ferrocene and Isatin–Ferrocene Conjugates. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4009229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Christophe Biot
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et
Fonctionnelle, Université Lille 1, F-59650 Villeneuve
d’Ascq, France
- CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires
Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2I, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires
Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2I, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- DIMNP, INSERM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et
Fonctionnelle, Université Lille 1, F-59650 Villeneuve
d’Ascq, France
- CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Pascal Roussel
- UMR CNRS 8181, Unitéde
Catalyse et de Chimie du
Solide (UCCS), ENSCL, University Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Raj R, Biot C, Carrère-Kremer S, Kremer L, Guérardel Y, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Kumar V. 4-Aminoquinoline-β-Lactam Conjugates: Synthesis, Antimalarial, and Antitubercular Evaluation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 83:191-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Raj
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
| | - Christophe Biot
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; Université Lille 1; F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- CNRS; UMR 8576; F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques; UMR 5235 CNRS; Université Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques; UMR 5235 CNRS; Université Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
- INSERM; DIMNP; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; Université Lille 1; F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- CNRS; UMR 8576; F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco CA 94143 USA
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco CA 94143 USA
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
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14
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Gannoun-Zaki L, Alibaud L, Carrère-Kremer S, Kremer L, Blanc-Potard AB. Overexpression of the KdpF membrane peptide in Mycobacterium bovis BCG results in reduced intramacrophage growth and altered cording morphology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60379. [PMID: 23577107 PMCID: PMC3618439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane peptides appear as an emerging class of regulatory molecules in bacteria, which can interact with membrane proteins, such as sensor kinases. To date, regulatory membrane peptides have been completely overlooked in mycobacteria. The 30 amino-acid-long KdpF peptide, which is co-transcribed with kdpABC genes and regulated by the KdpDE two-component system, is supposed to stabilize the KdpABC potassium transporter complex but may also exhibit unsuspected regulatory function(s) towards the KdpD sensor kinase. Herein, we showed by quantitative RT-PCR that the Mycobacterium bovis BCG kdpAB and kdpDE genes clusters are differentially induced in potassium-deprived broth medium or within infected macrophages. We have overexpressed the kdpF gene in M. bovis BCG to investigate its possible regulatory role and effect on mycobacterial virulence. Our results indicate that KdpF does not play a critical regulatory role on kdp genes expression despite the fact that KdpF interacts with the KdpD sensor kinase in a bacterial two-hybrid assay. However, overexpression of kdpF results in a significant reduction of M. bovis BCG growth in both murine and human primary macrophages, and is associated with a strong alteration of colonial morphology and impaired cording formation. To identify novel KdpF interactants, a mycobacterial library was screened using KdpF as bait in the bacterial two-hybrid system. This allowed us to identify members of the MmpL family of membrane proteins, known to participate in the biosynthesis/transport of various cell wall lipids, thus highlighting a possible link between KdpF and cell wall lipid metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that KdpF overexpression reduces intramacrophage growth which may result from alteration of the mycobacterial cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Gannoun-Zaki
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS-UMR5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Laeticia Alibaud
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS-UMR5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS-UMR5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS-UMR5235, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, DIMNP, CNRS-UMR5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Béatrice Blanc-Potard
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Universités de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS-UMR5235, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kumar K, Carrère-Kremer S, Kremer L, Guérardel Y, Biot C, Kumar V. 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-Tethered Isatin–Ferrocene and Isatin–Ferrocenylchalcone Conjugates: Synthesis and in Vitro Antitubercular Evaluation. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301157z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des
Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2I, Place Eugène
Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des
Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2I, Place Eugène
Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- INSERM, DIMNP, Place
Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, Université Lille 1, F-59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59650 Villeneuve
d’Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, Université Lille 1, F-59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- CNRS, UMR 8576, F-59650 Villeneuve
d’Ascq, France
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India
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Kumar K, Carrère-Kremer S, Kremer L, Guérardel Y, Biot C, Kumar V. Azide–alkynecycloadditionen route towards 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered β-lactam–ferrocene and β-lactam–ferrocenylchalcone conjugates: synthesis and in vitro anti-tubercular evaluation. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:1492-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32148c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Rombouts Y, Alibaud L, Carrère-Kremer S, Maes E, Tokarski C, Elass E, Kremer L, Guérardel Y. Fatty acyl chains of Mycobacterium marinum lipooligosaccharides: structure, localization and acylation by PapA4 (MMAR_2343) protein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:33678-88. [PMID: 21803773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.273920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently established the fine structure of the glycan backbone of lipooligosaccharides (LOS-I to LOS-IV) isolated from Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These studies culminated with the description of an unusual terminal N-acylated monosaccharide that confers important biological functions to LOS-IV, such as macrophage activation, that may be relevant to granuloma formation. It was, however, also suggested that the lipid moiety was required for LOSs to exert their immunomodulatory activity. Herein, using highly purified LOSs from M. marinum, we have determined through a combination of mass spectrometric and NMR techniques, the structure and localization of the fatty acids composing the lipid moiety. The occurrence of two distinct polymethyl-branched fatty acids presenting specific localizations is consistent with the presence of two highly related polyketide synthases (Pks5 and Pks5.1) in M. marinum and presumably involved in the synthesis of these fatty acyl chains. In addition, a bioinformatic search permitted us to identify a set of enzymes potentially involved in the biosynthesis or transfer of these lipids to the LOS trehalose unit. These include MMAR_2343, a member of the Pap (polyketide-associated protein) family, that acylates trehalose-based glycolipids in M. marinum. The participation of MMAR_2343 to LOS assembly was demonstrated using a M. marinum mutant carrying a transposon insertion in the MMAR_2343 gene. Disruption of MMAR_2343 resulted in a severe LOS breakdown, indicating that MMAR_2343, hereafter designated PapA4, fulfills the requirements for LOS acylation and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Rombouts
- Université de Lille 1, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Carrère-Kremer S, Montpellier C, Lorenzo L, Brulin B, Cocquerel L, Belouzard S, Penin F, Dubuisson J. Regulation of hepatitis C virus polyprotein processing by signal peptidase involves structural determinants at the p7 sequence junctions. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:41384-92. [PMID: 15247249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406315200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus genome encodes a polyprotein precursor that is co- and post-translationally processed by cellular and viral proteases to yield 10 mature protein products (C, E1, E2, p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B). Although most cleavages in hepatitis C virus polyprotein precursor proceed to completion during or immediately after translation, the cleavages mediated by a host cell signal peptidase are partial at the E2/p7 and p7/NS2 sites, leading to the production of an E2p7NS2 precursor. The sequences located immediately N-terminally of E2/p7 and p7/NS2 cleavage sites can function as signal peptides. When fused to a reporter protein, the signal peptides of p7 and NS2 were efficiently cleaved. However, when full-length p7 was fused to the reporter protein, partial cleavage was observed, indicating that a sequence located N-terminally of the signal peptide reduces the efficiency of p7/NS2 cleavage. Sequence analyses and mutagenesis studies have also identified structural determinants responsible for the partial cleavage at both the E2/p7 and p7/NS2 sites. Finally, the short distance between the cleavage site of E2/p7 or p7/NS2 and the predicted transmembrane alpha-helix within the P' region might impose additional structural constraints to the cleavage sites. The insertion of a linker polypeptide sequence between P-3' and P-4' of the cleavage site released these constraints and led to improved cleavage efficiency. Such constraints in the processing of a polyprotein precursor are likely essential for hepatitis C virus to post-translationally regulate the kinetics and/or the level of expression of p7 as well as NS2 and E2 mature proteins.
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Carrère-Kremer S, Montpellier-Pala C, Cocquerel L, Wychowski C, Penin F, Dubuisson J. Subcellular localization and topology of the p7 polypeptide of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 2002; 76:3720-30. [PMID: 11907211 PMCID: PMC136108 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.8.3720-3730.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2001] [Accepted: 01/16/2002] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although biological and biochemical data have been accumulated on most hepatitis C virus proteins, the structure and function of the 63-amino-acid p7 polypeptide of this virus have never been investigated. In this work, sequence analyses predicted that p7 contains two transmembrane passages connected by a short hydrophilic segment. The C-terminal transmembrane domain of p7 was predicted to function as a signal sequence, which was confirmed experimentally by analyzing the translocation of a reporter glycoprotein fused at its C terminus. The p7 polypeptide was tagged either with the ectodomain of CD4 or with a Myc epitope to study its membrane integration, its subcellular localization, and its topology. Alkaline extraction studies confirmed that p7 is an integral membrane polypeptide. The CD4-p7 chimera was detected by immunofluorescence on the surface of nonpermeabilized cells, indicating that it is exported to the plasma membrane. However, pulse-chase analyses showed that only approximately 20% of endoglycosidase H-resistant CD4-p7 was detected after long chase times, suggesting that a large proportion of p7 stays in an early compartment of the secretory pathway. Finally, by inserting a Myc epitope in several positions of p7 and analyzing the accessibility of this epitope on the plasma membrane of HepG2 cells, we showed that p7 has a double membrane-spanning topology, with both its N and C termini oriented toward the extracellular environment. Altogether, these data indicate that p7 is a polytopic membrane protein that could have a functional role in several compartments of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- CNRS-FRE2369, Institut de Biologie de Lille/Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille Cedex, France
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