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Hopkins C, Conlon S, Chavda S, Hudson R, Rout R. Investigating the secondary care system burden of CRSwNP in sinus surgery patients with clinically relevant comorbidities using the HES database. Rhinology 2022; 60:252-260. [PMID: 35230356 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic condition that can adversely affect quality of life for patients. There is no cure for CRSwNP, and patients may require intermittent systemic corticosteroids (SCS) and surgery in addition to intranasal treatment throughout their lifetime. This places a significant burden on the NHS which can be compounded by comorbid conditions such as asthma or NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). Patients with comorbidities are likely to experience higher rates of surgery and more secondary care visits. The aim of this study was to evaluate revision rates and the associated burden for patients with CRSwNP undergoing surgery and compare this to sub-cohorts of patients with comorbidities. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study has utilised the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) database across a ten-year time period (April 2010 to March 2020) to investigate the NHS resource use attributable to CRSwNP for all patients with the condition who have undergone sinus surgery, and to examine the burden of clinically relevant sub-groups. RESULTS Our results showed that 101,054 patients underwent at least one sinus surgery in relation to their nasal polyps, with Kaplan Meier survival analysis estimating that the 10-year probability of revision is between 71-90% for comorbid patients, and 51% for non-comorbid patients. Patients with a relevant comorbid condition in addition to their CRSwNP were up to 4.7 times more likely to undergo at least one revision surgery during the ten-year analytical time window when compared to patients without a comorbidity. Further to this, comorbid patients had a higher tariff associated with their CRSwNP care across the analytical time window and were therefore likely to be more costly to the healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study demonstrates that there is a high burden attached to CRSwNP-related sinus surgery and that comorbidities are a key driver of NHS resource use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hopkins
- Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, Kings college, London, UK
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- Sanofi Genzyme UK, Reading, UK
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Levins KJ, Prendeville S, Conlon S, Buggy DJ. The effect of anesthetic technique on µ-opioid receptor expression and immune cell infiltration in breast cancer. J Anesth 2018; 32:792-796. [PMID: 30229370 PMCID: PMC6267716 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical histological studies demonstrate that the distribution of natural killer (NK) cells, other immune cells and μ-opioid receptors (MOR) within cancer tissue can predict cancer prognosis. No clinical study has evaluated whether anesthetic technique influences immune cell and MOR expression within human breast cancer. METHODS Excised preoperative biopsies and intraoperative breast cancer specimens from 20 patients randomly chosen from patients previously enrolled in an ongoing, prospective, randomized trial (NCT00418457) investigating the effect of anesthetic technique on long-term breast cancer outcome were immunohistochemically stained and microscopically examined by two independent investigators, masked to randomization, to quantify MOR and immune cell infiltration: CD56, CD57 (NK cells), CD4 (T helper cells), CD8 (cytotoxic T cells) and CD68 (macrophages). Patients had been randomized to receive either a propofol-paravertebral anesthetic with continuing analgesia (PPA, n = 10) or balanced general anesthetic with opioid analgesia (GA, n = 10). RESULTS There were no differences between the groups in staining intensity in preoperative biopsy specimens. Expression intensity values (median 25-75%) for MOR in intraoperative resected biopsy were higher in GA 8.5 (3-17) versus PPA 1 (0-10), p = 0.04. The numbers of MOR-positive cells were also higher in GA patients. Expression and absolute numbers of CD56, CD57, CD4 and CD68 were similar in resected tumor in both groups. CONCLUSION General anesthesia with opioid analgesia increased resected tumor MOR expression compared with propofol-paravertebral anesthetic technique, but the anesthetic technique did not significantly influence the expression of immune cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk J Levins
- Department Anesthesia, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - S Prendeville
- Department Pathology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Conlon
- Department Pathology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D J Buggy
- Department Anesthesia, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Oladipo O, Conlon S, O'Grady A, Purcell C, Wilson C, Maxwell PJ, Johnston PG, Stevenson M, Kay EW, Wilson RH, Waugh DJJ. The expression and prognostic impact of CXC-chemokines in stage II and III colorectal cancer epithelial and stromal tissue. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:480-7. [PMID: 21285972 PMCID: PMC3049559 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The CXC-chemokine expression is linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression but their significance in resected CRC is unclear. We explored the prognostic impact of such expression in stage II and III CRC. Methods: Tissue microarrays were constructed from stage II and III CRC biopsies (n=254), and the expression of CXCL1 and CXCL8, and their receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, in malignant and adjacent normal tissue was graded by immunohistochemistry and was correlated with prognostic factors. Results: Expression of CXCL1, CXCR1 and CXCR2 was elevated in tumour epithelium relative to normal adjacent tissue (P<0.001). CXCL8 expression was detectable in the peritumoural inflammatory infiltrate. There was no overall association between CXCL1, CXCR1 or CXCR2 expression and prognostic endpoints; however, univariate subgroup survival analysis demonstrated an inverse association between CXCL1 and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in stage III patients (P=0.041). The CXCL8 positivity in the tumour infiltrate, however, correlated with earlier disease stage (P<0.001) and improved relapse-free survival across the cohort (P<0.001). Disease stage (P<0.001) and tumour infiltrate CXCL8 positivity (P=0.007) were associated with enhanced RFS in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion: Autocrine CXC-chemokine signalling may have adverse prognostic effects in early CRC. Conversely, CXCL8 positivity within the immune infiltrate may have good prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Oladipo
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
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Oladipo O, Conlon S, O'Grady T, Purcell C, Wilson C, Maxwell P, Stevenson M, Kay E, Wilson RH, Waugh DJ. The prognostic relevance of CXC-chemokines in stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and inflammatory infiltrate. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Conlon S, Redmond M, Nolan I, Leader M, Kay EW, Grace A. An audit of cervical cytology smear results reported as "dyskaryosis, difficult to grade; colposcopy advised". Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:930-1. [PMID: 19795484 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Conlon S, Tangen CM, Flanigan RC, Crawford ED, Lara PN. Predictors of survival in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Long-term results from Southwest Oncology Group trial S8949. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- S Conlon
- Department of Histopathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Martin P, Daniel SP, Conlon S, Walshe J, Grogan L. Primary Hepatic Lymphoma. Ir Med J 2005; 98:244-6. [PMID: 16255120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Conlon S. Defining poverty. Br J Nurs 1992; 1:475. [PMID: 1446156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Conlon S. The Federal Government's role in educating people with dual sensory impairments. ASHA 1991; 33:42-5, 60. [PMID: 1741793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Coover D, Conlon S. ESRD treatment modalities: the patient does have the right to choose. Nephrol Nurse 1982; 4:13-8. [PMID: 6925146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Cassuto E, West SC, Mursalim J, Conlon S, Howard-Flanders P. Initiation of genetic recombination: homologous pairing between duplex DNA molecules promoted by recA protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:3962-6. [PMID: 6449004 PMCID: PMC349747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
recA protein has been shown to promote hydrogen bonding between single-stranded DNA fragments and duplex DNA molecules homologous to them. However, genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that genetic exchanges generally take place between duplex molecules. We therefore chose to study the interactions promoted by recA protein between intact duplex DNA molecules and molecules containing gaps that are believed to increase the frequency of genetic exchanges. In the present paper, we show that incubation of intact and gap-containing plasmid DNA in the presence of recA protein leads to homologous pairing between duplex molecules which can be detected by centrifugation analysis and electron microscopy. The reaction is completely dependent on an active recA gene product, on genetic homology between the DNA species involved, and on the presence of ATP; under certain conditions, its efficiency can be increased considerably by the presence of the single-stranded DNA binding protein of Escherichia coli.
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Abstract
The growth promoting effects of lithium and insulin on cultures of mammary gland epithelium and CZF mouse mammary tumor cells were investigated. Lithium chloride exerts a 450-fold increase in the rate of DNA synthesis in mammary epithelium from mid-pregnant mice in organ culture or monolayer culture. There is an increase in both the percentage of cells initiating DNA synthesis and the net accumulation of DNA. The most effective lithium concentration is 10 mM, and the maximally effective rate of stimulation is reached 48 hours after addition. The magnitude of response to lithium varies with the physiological state of the mammary epithelial cell donor: epithelium from non-pregnant or lactating mice is less responsive than that from mid-pregnant mice. In combination, insulin and lithium produce either a synergistic or an additive effect on the growth of epithelium dependent upon the physiological state of the donor animal. Lithium also promotes the growth of mammary tumor cells in the absence or serum or other mitogens. The action of lithium on DNA synthesis appears to be a direct effect on the epithelial cells.
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Kopelovich L, Conlon S, Pollack R. Defective organization of actin in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited adenocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977; 74:3019-22. [PMID: 19740 PMCID: PMC431390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.74.7.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a similar disruption in actin organization in cultured skin fibroblasts (passage 6-10) obtained by biopsy from patients with the inherited colonic cancer, adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR). Because ACR is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, about half the children of ACR patients will develop colon cancer, but they typically remain asymptomatic until at least the second decade of life. Actin distribution within cultured cells from children of ACR patients was identical either to that seen in cultured cells from normal persons or to that seen in cultured cells from ACR patients. The two different patterns were independent of age, sex, drug treatment, or infections of the donors. Apparently, this class of colonic carcinoma is accompanied by a systemic aberration in the organization of fibroblast cytoplasm, and this aberration can be detected by immunofluorescent localization of actin within cultured skin fibroblasts, prior to manifestation of any colonic symptoms.
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Pollack R, Risser R, Conlon S, Rifkin D. Plasminogen activator production accompanies loss of anchorage regulation in transformation of primary rat embryo cells by simian virus 40. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4792-6. [PMID: 4373730 PMCID: PMC433983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.12.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated several lines of rat embryo cells transformed by simian virus 40. All these lines are fully transformed with regard to saturation density and serum sensitivity, but they differ greatly in their anchorage dependence, as assayed by efficiency of plating in methyl cellulose suspension. This set of lines reveals a consistent relation of plasminogen activator production to plating efficiency in methyl cellulose. T-antigen-positive transformed lines that synthesize activator grow in methyl cellulose suspension, while T-antigen-positive transformed lines that do not synthesize activator fail to form colonies in suspension. Normal rat embryo cells produce very little plasminogen activator and do not grow in methyl cellulose. Sera that permit high levels of plasmin formation and activity support growth in semi-solid medium better than sera whose plasminogen is activated poorly and/or sera that contain inhibitors to plasmin.
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Pollack R, Goldman RD, Conlon S, Chang C. Properties of enucleated cells. II. Characteristic overlapping of transformed cells is reestablished by enucleates. Cell 1974; 3:51-4. [PMID: 4370294 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(74)90038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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