1
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Orsini S, Milillo A, Lichtenegger H, Varsani A, Barabash S, Livi S, De Angelis E, Alberti T, Laky G, Nilsson H, Phillips M, Aronica A, Kallio E, Wurz P, Olivieri A, Plainaki C, Slavin JA, Dandouras I, Raines JM, Benkhoff J, Zender J, Berthelier JJ, Dosa M, Ho GC, Killen RM, McKenna-Lawlor S, Torkar K, Vaisberg O, Allegrini F, Daglis IA, Dong C, Escoubet CP, Fatemi S, Fränz M, Ivanovski S, Krupp N, Lammer H, Leblanc F, Mangano V, Mura A, Rispoli R, Sarantos M, Smith HT, Wieser M, Camozzi F, Di Lellis AM, Fremuth G, Giner F, Gurnee R, Hayes J, Jeszenszky H, Trantham B, Balaz J, Baumjohann W, Cantatore M, Delcourt D, Delva M, Desai M, Fischer H, Galli A, Grande M, Holmström M, Horvath I, Hsieh KC, Jarvinen R, Johnson RE, Kazakov A, Kecskemety K, Krüger H, Kürbisch C, Leblanc F, Leichtfried M, Mangraviti E, Massetti S, Moissenko D, Moroni M, Noschese R, Nuccilli F, Paschalidis N, Ryno J, Seki K, Shestakov A, Shuvalov S, Sordini R, Stenbeck F, Svensson J, Szalai S, Szego K, Toublanc D, Vertolli N, Wallner R, Vorburger A. Inner southern magnetosphere observation of Mercury via SERENA ion sensors in BepiColombo mission. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7390. [PMID: 36450728 PMCID: PMC9712576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury's southern inner magnetosphere is an unexplored region as it was not observed by earlier space missions. In October 2021, BepiColombo mission has passed through this region during its first Mercury flyby. Here, we describe the observations of SERENA ion sensors nearby and inside Mercury's magnetosphere. An intermittent high-energy signal, possibly due to an interplanetary magnetic flux rope, has been observed downstream Mercury, together with low energy solar wind. Low energy ions, possibly due to satellite outgassing, were detected outside the magnetosphere. The dayside magnetopause and bow-shock crossing were much closer to the planet than expected, signature of a highly eroded magnetosphere. Different ion populations have been observed inside the magnetosphere, like low latitude boundary layer at magnetopause inbound and partial ring current at dawn close to the planet. These observations are important for understanding the weak magnetosphere behavior so close to the Sun, revealing details never reached before.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orsini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy.
| | - A Milillo
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - H Lichtenegger
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - A Varsani
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - S Barabash
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - S Livi
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E De Angelis
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - T Alberti
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - G Laky
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - H Nilsson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - M Phillips
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Aronica
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - E Kallio
- Aalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Wurz
- University of Bern, Institute of Physics, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - J A Slavin
- University of Michigan, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - I Dandouras
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J M Raines
- University of Michigan, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - J Zender
- ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Dosa
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G C Ho
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - R M Killen
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | | | - K Torkar
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - O Vaisberg
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - F Allegrini
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - I A Daglis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Space Center, Athens, Greece
| | - C Dong
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - S Fatemi
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Fränz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Ivanovski
- Astronomincal Observatory, INAF, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Krupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Lammer
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - V Mangano
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - A Mura
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - R Rispoli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - M Sarantos
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - H T Smith
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - M Wieser
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | | | | | - G Fremuth
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - F Giner
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - R Gurnee
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Hayes
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - H Jeszenszky
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - B Trantham
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - J Balaz
- Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - W Baumjohann
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - M Delva
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - M Desai
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - H Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Galli
- University of Bern, Institute of Physics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Grande
- Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
| | - M Holmström
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - I Horvath
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K C Hsieh
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Jarvinen
- Aalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R E Johnson
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - A Kazakov
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - K Kecskemety
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Kürbisch
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - M Leichtfried
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - S Massetti
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - D Moissenko
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Moroni
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - R Noschese
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - F Nuccilli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - N Paschalidis
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - J Ryno
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Seki
- University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Shestakov
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Shuvalov
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Sordini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - F Stenbeck
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - J Svensson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - S Szalai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Szego
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Toublanc
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N Vertolli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - R Wallner
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - A Vorburger
- University of Bern, Institute of Physics, Bern, Switzerland
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Fatemi S, Poppe AR, Vorburger A, Lindkvist J, Hamrin M. Ion Dynamics at the Magnetopause of Ganymede. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2022; 127:e2021JA029863. [PMID: 35865030 PMCID: PMC9286830 DOI: 10.1029/2021ja029863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of the thermal O+ and H+ ions at Ganymede's magnetopause when Ganymede is inside and outside of the Jovian plasma sheet using a three-dimensional hybrid model of plasma (kinetic ions, fluid electrons). We present the global structure of the electric fields and power density (E ⋅ J) in the magnetosphere of Ganymede and show that the power density at the magnetopause is mainly positive and on average is +0.95 and +0.75 nW/m3 when Ganymede is inside and outside the Jovian plasma sheet, respectively, but locally it reaches over +20 nW/m3. Our kinetic simulations show that ion velocity distributions at the vicinity of the upstream magnetopause of Ganymede are highly non-Maxwellian. We investigate the energization of the ions interacting with the magnetopause and find that the energy of those particles on average increases by a factor of 8 and 30 for the O+ and H+ ions, respectively. The energy of these ions is mostly within 1-100 keV for both species after interaction with the magnetopause, but a few percentages reach to 0.1-1 MeV. Our kinetic simulations show that a small fraction ( < 25%) of the corotating Jovian plasma reach the magnetopause, but among those >50% cross the high-power density regions at the magnetopause and gain energy. Finally, we compare our simulation results with Galileo observations of Ganymede's magnetopause crossings (i.e., G8 and G28 flybys). There is an excellent agreement between our simulations and observations, particularly our simulations fully capture the size and structure of the magnetosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Fatemi
- Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - A. R. Poppe
- Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - A. Vorburger
- Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Physics InstituteUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - M. Hamrin
- Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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3
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Fatemi S, Qu E, Fullmer J. Anti-NMDA-Receptor Encephalitis in a Patient with Ovarian Teratoma, Harboring Brain Histology of Varying Developmental Stages and Regions with Chronic Inflammation. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis is a subacute, autoimmune disorder thought to be caused by autoantibodies directed against the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Clinical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis may mimic schizophrenia and psychotic spectrum disorders or substance-induced psychosis. Although initially described in association with ovarian teratomas in women, anti-NMDAR encephalitis has been reported in individuals without paraneoplastic association, as well as in males. Herein, we report a case of a 29-year-old woman with suicidal ideation and other neuropsychiatric manifestations who was found to have a right ovarian cystic mass by imaging study. Microscopically, the resected ovarian mass is composed of mature skin, fat, cartilage and neural tissues. Nerve, ganglions and multiple brain tissues are present. Cerebellum including external granular cell layer (normally only seen in infants), cerebrum-like, choroid plexus and other neural elements are present. There is peripheral lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates around and within the neuroglial matrix. Cerebral spinal fluid was concurrently tested positive for Anti-NMDAR. The combined clinical, histological, and laboratory findings confirmed the above diagnosis. Although Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is a familiar entity to many clinical psychiatrist and neurologists, it is less commonly reported in the pathology literature. Its resultant relationship to cystic teratoma warrants awareness of this condition by pathologists.
Methods/Case Report
Case Report
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA
Conclusion
Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis is related to cystic teratoma, therefore pathologists need to be aware of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fatemi
- Pathology, William Beaumont, Novi, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - E Qu
- Pathology, William Beaumont, Novi, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - J Fullmer
- Pathology, William Beaumont, Novi, Michigan, UNITED STATES
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4
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Orsini S, Livi SA, Lichtenegger H, Barabash S, Milillo A, De Angelis E, Phillips M, Laky G, Wieser M, Olivieri A, Plainaki C, Ho G, Killen RM, Slavin JA, Wurz P, Berthelier JJ, Dandouras I, Kallio E, McKenna-Lawlor S, Szalai S, Torkar K, Vaisberg O, Allegrini F, Daglis IA, Dong C, Escoubet CP, Fatemi S, Fränz M, Ivanovski S, Krupp N, Lammer H, Leblanc F, Mangano V, Mura A, Nilsson H, Raines JM, Rispoli R, Sarantos M, Smith HT, Szego K, Aronica A, Camozzi F, Di Lellis AM, Fremuth G, Giner F, Gurnee R, Hayes J, Jeszenszky H, Tominetti F, Trantham B, Balaz J, Baumjohann W, Brienza D, Bührke U, Bush MD, Cantatore M, Cibella S, Colasanti L, Cremonese G, Cremonesi L, D'Alessandro M, Delcourt D, Delva M, Desai M, Fama M, Ferris M, Fischer H, Gaggero A, Gamborino D, Garnier P, Gibson WC, Goldstein R, Grande M, Grishin V, Haggerty D, Holmström M, Horvath I, Hsieh KC, Jacques A, Johnson RE, Kazakov A, Kecskemety K, Krüger H, Kürbisch C, Lazzarotto F, Leblanc F, Leichtfried M, Leoni R, Loose A, Maschietti D, Massetti S, Mattioli F, Miller G, Moissenko D, Morbidini A, Noschese R, Nuccilli F, Nunez C, Paschalidis N, Persyn S, Piazza D, Oja M, Ryno J, Schmidt W, Scheer JA, Shestakov A, Shuvalov S, Seki K, Selci S, Smith K, Sordini R, Svensson J, Szalai L, Toublanc D, Urdiales C, Varsani A, Vertolli N, Wallner R, Wahlstroem P, Wilson P, Zampieri S. SERENA: Particle Instrument Suite for Determining the Sun-Mercury Interaction from BepiColombo. Space Sci Rev 2021; 217:11. [PMID: 33487762 PMCID: PMC7803725 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury will provide simultaneous measurements from two spacecraft, offering an unprecedented opportunity to investigate magnetospheric and exospheric particle dynamics at Mercury as well as their interactions with solar wind, solar radiation, and interplanetary dust. The particle instrument suite SERENA (Search for Exospheric Refilling and Emitted Natural Abundances) is flying in space on-board the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and is the only instrument for ion and neutral particle detection aboard the MPO. It comprises four independent sensors: ELENA for neutral particle flow detection, Strofio for neutral gas detection, PICAM for planetary ions observations, and MIPA, mostly for solar wind ion measurements. SERENA is managed by a System Control Unit located inside the ELENA box. In the present paper the scientific goals of this suite are described, and then the four units are detailed, as well as their major features and calibration results. Finally, the SERENA operational activities are shown during the orbital path around Mercury, with also some reference to the activities planned during the long cruise phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orsini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S A Livi
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - H Lichtenegger
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - S Barabash
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - A Milillo
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - E De Angelis
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Phillips
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - G Laky
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - M Wieser
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | | | | | - G Ho
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - R M Killen
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - J A Slavin
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - P Wurz
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - I Dandouras
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - E Kallio
- School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - S Szalai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Torkar
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - O Vaisberg
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - F Allegrini
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - I A Daglis
- Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Space Center, Athens, Greece
| | - C Dong
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | | | - S Fatemi
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - M Fränz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Ivanovski
- Astronomical Observatory, INAF, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Krupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Lammer
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - V Mangano
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A Mura
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - H Nilsson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - J M Raines
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - R Rispoli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Sarantos
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - H T Smith
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - K Szego
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Aronica
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - G Fremuth
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - F Giner
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - R Gurnee
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J Hayes
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - H Jeszenszky
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - B Trantham
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - J Balaz
- Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - W Baumjohann
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - D Brienza
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - U Bührke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M D Bush
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - S Cibella
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Colasanti
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Cremonese
- Astronomical Observatory, INAF, Padova, Italy
| | | | - M D'Alessandro
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Delva
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - M Desai
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - M Fama
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, cnea, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Ferris
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - H Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Gaggero
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - D Gamborino
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Garnier
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - W C Gibson
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - R Goldstein
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - M Grande
- Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FL UK
| | - V Grishin
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Haggerty
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - M Holmström
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - I Horvath
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K-C Hsieh
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - A Jacques
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - R E Johnson
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - A Kazakov
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - K Kecskemety
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Kürbisch
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - M Leichtfried
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - A Loose
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Maschietti
- Istituto Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-IFN, Roma, Italy
| | - S Massetti
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - G Miller
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - D Moissenko
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Morbidini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - R Noschese
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - F Nuccilli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - C Nunez
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - N Paschalidis
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - S Persyn
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - D Piazza
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Oja
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - J Ryno
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W Schmidt
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A Shestakov
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Shuvalov
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Seki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Selci
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Smith
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - R Sordini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - L Szalai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Toublanc
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Urdiales
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - A Varsani
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - N Vertolli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - R Wallner
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - P Wahlstroem
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Wilson
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - S Zampieri
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Bortolussi S, Postuma I, Protti N, Fatemi S, Magni C, Gonzalez S, Altieri S. EP-1885 Neutron beam design and dosimetric evaluation for accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Poppe AR, Halekas JS, Lue C, Fatemi S. ARTEMIS observations of the solar wind proton scattering function from lunar crustal magnetic anomalies. J Geophys Res Planets 2017; 122:771-783. [PMID: 33442502 PMCID: PMC7802739 DOI: 10.1002/2017je005313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite their small scales, lunar crustal magnetic fields are routinely associated with observations of reflected and/or backstreaming populations of solar wind protons. Solar wind proton reflection locally reduces the rate of space weathering of the lunar regolith, depresses local sputtering rates of neutrals into the lunar exosphere, and can trigger electromagnetic waves and small-scale collisionless shocks in the near-lunar space plasma environment. Thus, knowledge of both the magnitude and scattering function of solar wind protons from magnetic anomalies is crucial in understanding a wide variety of planetary phenomena at the Moon. We have compiled 5.5 years of ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun) observations of reflected protons at the Moon and used a Liouville tracing method to ascertain each proton's reflection location and scattering angles. We find that solar wind proton reflection is largely correlated with crustal magnetic field strength, with anomalies such as South Pole/Aitken Basin (SPA), Mare Marginis, and Gerasimovich reflecting on average 5-12% of the solar wind flux while the unmagnetized surface reflects between 0.1 and 1% in charged form. We present the scattering function of solar wind protons off of the SPA anomaly, showing that the scattering transitions from isotropic at low solar zenith angles to strongly forward scattering at solar zenith angles near 90°. Such scattering is consistent with simulations that have suggested electrostatic fields as the primary mechanism for solar wind proton reflection from crustal magnetic anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Poppe
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - J. S. Halekas
- Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - C. Lue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - S. Fatemi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
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Kim YT, Kanneganti A, Fatemi S, Nothnagle C, Wijesundara M, Romero-Ortega MI. A novel Microchannel Electrode Array: towards bioelectronic medical interfacing of small peripheral nerves. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2014:1981-4. [PMID: 25570370 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronic medicine is an emerging field that relies on electrical signals to modulate complex neuronal circuits, particularly in the peripheral nervous system, as an alternative to drug-enabled therapeutics. Small autonomic nerves are one of the targets in this field, however, interfacing peripheral nerves smaller than 300 μm remains a challenge. Here we report the development of a Microchannel Electrode Array (DCEA) capable of interfacing nerve fascicles as small as 50-300μm. The current μCEA records and stimulates from 28 channels and is designed for easy implantation and removal, bearing promise to enable neural interfacing in BM.
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Spencer C, Petrovic I, Fatemi S. Current thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb) assays often fail to detect interfering TgAb that can result in the reporting of falsely low/undetectable serum Tg IMA values for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:1283-91. [PMID: 21325460 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Specimens have thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) measured prior to thyroglobulin (Tg) testing because the qualitative TgAb status (positive or negative) determines risk for Tg assay interference, and the quantitative TgAb concentration serves as a surrogate tumor marker for differentiated thyroid cancer. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the reliability of four TgAb methods to detect interfering TgAb [as judged from abnormally low Tg immunometric assay (IMA) to Tg RIA ratios] and determine whether between-method conversion factors might prevent a change in method from disrupting TgAb monitoring. METHODS Sera from selected and unselected TgAb-negative and TgAb-positive differentiated thyroid cancer patients had serum Tg measured by both IMA and RIA and TgAb measured by a reference method and three additional methods. RESULTS The Tg IMA and Tg RIA values were concordant when TgAb was absent. Tg IMA to Tg RIA ratios below 75% were considered to indicate TgAb interference. Manufacturer-recommended cutoffs were set in the detectable range, and when used to determine the presence of TgAb misclassified many specimens displaying Tg interference as TgAb negative. False-negative misclassifications were virtually eliminated for two of four methods by using the analytical sensitivity (AS) as the detection limit for TgAb. Relationships between values for different specimens were too variable to establish between-method conversion factors. CONCLUSIONS Many specimens with interfering TgAb were misclassified as TgAb negative using manufacturer-recommended cutoffs. It is recommended that assay AS limits be used to detect TgAb to minimize false-negative misclassifications. However, for two of four assays, AS limits failed to detect interfering TgAb in 20-30% of cases. TgAb methods were too qualitatively and quantitatively variable to establish conversion factors that would allow a change in method without disrupting serial TgAb monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Spencer
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA.
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Hosseinpour S, Fatemi S, Mortazavi Y, Gholamhoseini M, Ravanchi MT. Performance of CaX Zeolite for Separation of C2H6, C2H4, and CH4by Adsorption Process; Capacity, Selectivity, and Dynamic Adsorption Measurements. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.508478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Doshi A, Love C, Daoud E, Augostini R, Kalbfleisch S, Weiss R, Houmsse M, Hummel J, Patangay A, Siejko KZ, Da Cunha D, Pedraza A, Hamlin R, Binner L, Bodky J, Szendey I, Maunz M, Trautmann M, Kaltofen G, Eber B, Steiner A, Hero M, Guenoun M, Biffi M, Bertini M, Salomoni M, Bonfatti F, Balbo M, Martignani C, Ziacchi M, Boriani G, Choo WK, Tilling L, Gupta S, Adachi M, Igawa O, Yano A, Miake J, Inoue Y, Ogura K, Kato M, Iitsuka K, Freeman P, Huish J, Brooks V, Johns M, Ellis G, Bleasdale R, Galley D, Hoffmann E, Spitali G, Marras E, Prades E, Davy JM, Volkov D, Polivenok I, Shovkun S, Smirnov V, Boyko V, Tassin A, Vitali L, Treguer F, Breard G, Gaggini G, Kobeissi A, Furber A, Dupuis JM, Tassin A, Vitali L, Treguer F, Breard G, Gaggini G, Kobeissi A, Furber A, Dupuis JM, Hashizume K, Takahashi R, Inoue Y, Tsutsumi K, Suzuki S, Ishikawa N, Arie T, Stevenson RA, Dabney WS, Schaerf R, Develle R, Dalal Y, Snell JD, Bharmi R, Snell JR, Rooke R, Korsun N, Fatemi S, Morley B, Beynon RP, Pearce KA, Hill LM, Argyle RA, Ray SG, Davidson NC. Poster session 3: Pacemaker and sensor algorithm. Europace 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Salimi A, Fatemi S, Zakizadeh Nei Nei H, Safaralie A. Mathematical Modeling of Supercritical Extraction of Valerenic Acid fromValeriana officinalisL. Chem Eng Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Asgari M, Fatemi S, Sotudeh Gharebagh R, Haririan I. Semibatch Production of Pharmaceutical Grade Magnesium Stearate: A Statistical Approach. Chem Eng Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200700163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Spencer CA, Bergoglio LM, Kazarosyan M, Fatemi S, LoPresti JS. Clinical impact of thyroglobulin (Tg) and Tg autoantibody method differences on the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:5566-75. [PMID: 15985472 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Changes in thyroglobulin (Tg) and/or Tg antibody (TgAb) methods can disrupt the serial monitoring of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. OBJECTIVE This study compared Tg measurements made in TgAb-negative and TgAb-positive sera using four RIA and 10 immunometric assay (IMA) methods. DESIGN TgAb detection using a panel of 12 direct methods was contrasted with four Tg recovery tests. Sera from 110 normal euthyroid subjects (68 TgAb negative/42 TgAb positive) and 131 TgAb-negative DTC patients had Tg and/or TgAb analyses made by 10 laboratories in four countries. Euthyroid controls were used to compare Tg and TgAb ranges, sensitivities, and TgAb interference, whereas DTC patients were used to study Tg assay specificities, hook effects, and the influence of high Tg levels on TgAb measurements. RESULTS Tg methods had high between-method variability [47 +/- 3% (+/-sem)] that was only marginally reduced by CRM-457 standardization (37 +/- 3%). All methods had suboptimal sensitivity, and some failed to detect Tg in some normal euthyroid controls. Although direct TgAb measurements were more reliable than exogenous recovery tests, TgAb status was only concordant in 65% of sera. Only four of 42 (9.5%) sera containing TgAb had antibody detected by all direct methods. All IMA methods reported paradoxically undetectable Tg for many TgAb-positive euthyroid controls, suggesting TgAb interference, whereas RIA methods reported appropriate normal range values for these same subjects. Some sera displaying interference had TgAb detected by only a minority of methods. CONCLUSIONS Specificity differences, suboptimal sensitivity, hook effects, and an inability to reliably detect interfering TgAb compromise the clinical utility of current Tg and TgAb methods. All of the IMA methods were prone to underestimate serum Tg in the presence of TgAb, whereas the RIA methods appeared resistant to TgAb interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Spencer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Abstract
Thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement is primarily used to monitor patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) for tumor recurrence. Serum Tg levels principally integrate 3 variables: the mass of thyroid tissue present (benign or neoplastic); the degree of thyrotropin (TSH) receptor stimulation and tumor's intrinsic ability to synthesize and secrete Tg--a factor that needs to be assessed by a preoperative serum Tg determination. Serum Tg measurements should be interpreted relative to the TSH status of the patient. When TSH is low (on levothyroxine [LT4] therapy) basal serum Tg may be undetectable and recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) administration may be needed to increase serum Tg into the measureable range. The Tg fold response to rhTSH (rhTSH-stimulated Tg/basal Tg) is an index of the tumor's sensitivity to TSH. Normal thyroid remnant and well-differentiated thyroid tumors display a greater (>10-fold) serum Tg response to TSH stimulation compared with less well-differentiated tumors (<3-fold). The factors influencing the response include the magnitude and chronicity of the serum TSH elevation, the mass of thyroid tissue and the TSH receptor status of the tumor. Technical problems still compromise the clinical utility of serum Tg measurement. Thyroglobulin autoantibodies are present in approximately 20% of all DTC patients and cause either underestimation or overestimation of serum Tg measurements made by immunometric assay (IMA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods, respectively. Other technical problems include poor interassay precision, "hook" effects (IMA methods), intermethod standardization differences, and suboptimal sensitivity for detecting small amounts of tumor during TSH suppression. When TSH is suppressed, the basal serum Tg provides an integrated index of thyroid tissue mass and its capability to secrete Tg. Serial measurements of basal Tg concentrations can be used to monitor tumor progression or regression. The development of a low (<1 ng/mL) serum Tg (on LT4 therapy) by the second postoperative year signifies a low 5-year recurrence risk whereas a rising serum Tg in the face of TSH suppression is an abnormal response consistent with recurrence. The optimal degree of TSH suppression for a patient should be based on clinical judgment, relative to tumor staging and the risks from iatrogenic hyperthyroidism. Despite current technical limitations, serum Tg measurement is the cornerstone of long-term monitoring for most DTC patients. For optimal use of serum Tg, it is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of Tg secretion, the limitations of Tg methods and the use of rhTSH to overcome the insensitivity of current Tg methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Spencer
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
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Spencer CA, Takeuchi M, Kazarosyan M, Wang CC, Guttler RB, Singer PA, Fatemi S, LoPresti JS, Nicoloff JT. Serum thyroglobulin autoantibodies: prevalence, influence on serum thyroglobulin measurement, and prognostic significance in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:1121-7. [PMID: 9543128 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.4.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of circulating thyroid autoantibodies (TgAb or antithyroid peroxidase) was increased nearly 3-fold in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) compared with the general population (40% vs. 14%, respectively). Serum TgAb (with or without antithyroid peroxidase) was present in 25% of DTC patients and 10% of the general population. Serial postsurgical serum TgAb and serum Tg patterns correlated with the presence or absence of disease. Measurements of serum Tg were made in 87 TgAb-positive sera by a RIA and two immunometric assay (IMA) methods to study TgAb interference. TgAb interference, defined as a significant intermethod discordance (>41.7% coefficient of variation) between the Tg RIA and Tg IMA values relative to TgAb-negative sera, was found in 69% of the TgAb-positive sera. TgAb interference was characterized by higher Tg RIA vs. IMA values and was, in general, more frequent and severe in sera containing high TgAb concentrations. However, some sera displayed marked interference when serum TgAb was low (1-2 IU/mL), whereas other sera with very high TgAb values (>1000 IU/mL) displayed no interference. An agglutination method was found to be too insensitive to detect low TgAb concentrations (1-10 IU/mL) causing interference. Exogenous Tg recovery tests were an unreliable means for detecting TgAb interference. Specifically, the exogenous Tg recovered varied with the type and amount of Tg added and the duration of incubation employed. Further, recoveries of more than 80% were found for some sera displaying gross serum RIA/IMA discordances. The measurement of serum Tg in DTC patients with circulating TgAb is currently problematic. It is important to use a Tg method that provides measurements that are concordant with tumor status. IMA methods are prone to underestimate serum when TgAb is present, increasing the risk that persistent or metastatic DTC will be missed. The RIA method used in this study provided more clinically appropriate serum Tg values in the group of TgAb-positive patients with metastatic DTC. Furthermore, as serial serum TgAb measurements paralleled serial serum Tg RIA measurements, TgAb concentrations may be an additional clinically useful tumor marker parameter for following TgAb-positive patients. Disparities between serial serum Tg and TgAb measurements might alert the physician to the possibility of TgAb interference with the serum Tg measurement and prompt a more cautious use of such data for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Spencer
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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Wilt DM, Fatemi S, Hoffman RW, Jenkins PP, Scheiman D, Lowe R, Landis GA. InGaAs PV device development for TPV power systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.47061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a commonly encountered serious clinical problem that often requires aggressive therapy. In order to combine the rapid hypocalcemic effects of calcitonin with the more delayed effect of a bisphosphonate, we administered etidronate, 7.5 mg/kg/day intravenously and salmon calcitonin, 100 IU subcutaneously, every 12 hours for 3 days in 9 patients with hypercalcemia associated with malignancy. The mean serum calcium concentration fell from 3.33 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter (mean +/- SEM) to 2.88 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter within 24 hours (P less than 0.001). All patients had a fall in the serum calcium concentration of greater than 0.5 mmol/liter and it returned to normal in 7 of the 9 patients. We conclude that the combination of salmon calcitonin with etidronate more effectively lowers the serum calcium concentration in patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy then the use of either agent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fatemi
- Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center 90033
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Fatemi S, Ryzen E, Flores J, Endres DB, Rude RK. Effect of experimental human magnesium depletion on parathyroid hormone secretion and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73:1067-72. [PMID: 1939521 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-73-5-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency in man may result in hypocalcemia, impaired PTH secretion, and low serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D]. To determine whether these changes are due to selective Mg depletion, we studied 26 normal subjects before and after a 3-week low Mg (less than 1 meq/day) diet. This diet induced Mg deficiency, as demonstrated by a fall in pre- to postdiet serum Mg levels from 0.80 +/- 0.01 to 0.61 +/- 0.02 mmol/L (P less than 0.001), an increase in Mg retention from 11 +/- 4% to 62 +/- 4% (P less than 0.001), and a fall in red blood cell free Mg2+ from 205 +/- 10 to 162 +/- 7 microM (P less than 0.001). Serum calcium (Ca) fell significantly from 2.36 +/- 0.02 to 2.31 +/- 0.03 mmol/L (P less than 0.05), and serum 1,25-(OH)2D fell from 55 +/- 4 to 43 +/- 3 pmol/L (P less than 0.05). PTH secretion was impaired, as demonstrated by a fall or no change in serum PTH in 20 of 26 subjects despite a fall in the serum Ca and Mg. In addition, an iv injection of Mg in eight subjects after the diet resulted in a significant rise in PTH from 15 +/- 2 to 19 +/- 2 ng/L (P less than 0.01), whereas a similar injection given to six of the subjects before the diet resulted in a significant fall from 28 +/- 5 to 13 +/- 3 ng/L (P less than 0.001). The fall in serum 1,25-(OH)2D may be due to both the decrease in PTH secretion and a renal resistance to PTH. PTH resistance was suggested, as no increase in serum 1,25-(OH)2D was observed in the six subjects in which the PTH concentration rose by mean of 68% after the diet. Also, the rise in serum 1,25-(OH)2D after a 6-h human PTH-(1-34) infusion was significantly less after Mg deprivation. The results demonstrate that mild Mg depletion can impair mineral homeostasis and may be implicated as risk factor for osteoporosis in disorders such as chronic alcoholism and diabetes mellitus, in which Mg deficiency and osteoporosis are both common.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fatemi
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90039
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Mirchamsy H, Shafyi A, Bahrami S, Kamali M, Nazari P, Razavi F, Ahourai P, Fatemi S, Amin-Salehi M. A comparative field trial of five measles vaccines produced in human diploid cell, MRC-5. J Biol Stand 1977; 5:1-18. [PMID: 838748 DOI: 10.1016/0092-1157(77)90014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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