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Boissin E, Thorrold SR, Braun CD, Zhou Y, Clua EE, Planes S. Contrasting global, regional and local patterns of genetic structure in gray reef shark populations from the Indo-Pacific region. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15816. [PMID: 31676818 PMCID: PMC6825237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities have resulted in the loss of over 90% of sharks in most ocean basins and one in four species of elasmobranch are now listed at risk of extinction by the IUCN. How this collapse will affect the ability of populations to recover in the face of continued exploitation and global climate change remains unknown. Indeed, important ecological and biological information are lacking for most shark species, particularly estimates of genetic diversity and population structure over a range of spatial scales. Using 15 microsatellite markers, we investigated genetic diversity and population structure in gray reef sharks over their Indo-Pacific range (407 specimens from 9 localities). Clear genetic differentiation was observed between the Indian and the Pacific Ocean specimens (FST = 0.145***). Further differentiation within the Pacific included a West and East cleavage as well as North-Central and South-Central Pacific clusters. No genetic differentiation was detected within archipelagos. These results highlight the legacy of past climate changes and the effects of large ocean expanses and circulation patterns on contrasting levels of connectivity at global, regional and local scales. Our results indicate a need for regional conservation units for gray reef sharks and pinpoint the isolation and vulnerability of their French Polynesian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boissin
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France. .,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia.
| | - S R Thorrold
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - C D Braun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - E E Clua
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - S Planes
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia
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Humston R, Doss SS, Wass C, Hollenbeck C, Thorrold SR, Smith S, Bataille CP. Isotope geochemistry reveals ontogeny of dispersal and exchange between main-river and tributary habitats in smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:528-548. [PMID: 27615608 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiogenic strontium isotope ratios (87 Sr:86 Sr) in otoliths were compared with isotope ratios predicted from models and observed in water sampling to reconstruct the movement histories of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu between main-river and adjacent tributary habitats. A mechanistic model incorporating isotope geochemistry, weathering processes and basin accumulation reasonably predicted observed river 87 Sr:86 Sr across the study area and provided the foundations for experimental design and inferring fish provenance. Exchange between rivers occurred frequently, with nearly half (48%) of the 209 individuals displaying changes in otolith 87 Sr:86 Sr reflecting movement between isotopically distinct rivers. The majority of between-river movements occurred in the first year and often within the first few months of life. Although more individuals were observed moving from the main river into tributaries, this pattern did not necessarily reflect asymmetry in exchange. Several individuals made multiple movements between rivers over their lifetimes; no patterns were found, however, that suggest seasonal or migratory movement. The main-river sport fishery is strongly supported by recruitment from tributary spawning, as 26% of stock size individuals in the main river were spawned in tributaries. The prevailing pattern of early juvenile dispersal documented in this study has not been observed previously for this species and suggests that the process of establishing seasonal home-range areas occurs up to 2 years earlier than originally hypothesized. Extensive exchange between rivers would have substantial implications for management of M. dolomieu populations in river-tributary networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Humston
- Biology Department, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington St, Lexington, VA, 24450, U.S.A
| | - S S Doss
- Biology Department, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington St, Lexington, VA, 24450, U.S.A
| | - C Wass
- Biology Department, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington St, Lexington, VA, 24450, U.S.A
| | - C Hollenbeck
- Environmental Studies Program, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington St, Lexington, VA, 24450, U.S.A
| | - S R Thorrold
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, U.S.A
| | - S Smith
- Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, 1132 Thomas Jefferson Rd, Forest, VA, 24551, U.S.A
| | - C P Bataille
- Geology Department, University of North Carolina, 104 South Road, Mitchell Hall, Campus Box #3315, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, U.S.A
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Cochran JEM, Hardenstine RS, Braun CD, Skomal GB, Thorrold SR, Xu K, Genton MG, Berumen ML. Population structure of a whale shark Rhincodon typus aggregation in the Red Sea. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:1570-1582. [PMID: 27401632 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of whale sharks Rhincodon typus were recorded around Shib Habil, a small, coastal reef off the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia, from 2010 to 2015. A total of 267 suitable photographs resulting in the identification of 136 individuals, were documented from 305 encounters. Sharks were divided evenly between the sexes with no evidence of temporal or spatial segregation. All individuals were immature based on size estimates and, for males, juvenile clasper morphology. Scars were reported for 57% of R. typus with 15% showing evidence of propeller trauma. Estimates of population size and patterns of residency were calculated by modelling the lagged identification rate. Multiple models were run simultaneously and compared using the Akaike information criterion. An open population model was found to best represent the data and estimates a daily abundance between 15 and 34 R. typus during the aggregation season, with local residence times ranging from 4 to 44 days. Residence times away from Shib Habil range from 15 to 156 days with a permanent emigration-death rate between 0·07 and 0·58 individuals year(-1) . These results are broadly similar to those from other aggregations of R. typus, although the observed sexual parity and integration found at this site is unique for the species and needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R S Hardenstine
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - C D Braun
- MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02540, U.S.A
| | - G B Skomal
- Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA, U.S.A
| | - S R Thorrold
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, U.S.A
| | - K Xu
- Department of Management Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33124, U.S.A
| | - M G Genton
- CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Given the global concern about the status of elasmobranch fishes, the paucity of information on elasmobranchs in the Red Sea is worrisome. Management of elasmobranchs in areas other than the Red Sea has been helped by research on population ecology, reproductive biology and resource partitioning, subjects that are virtually absent in the Red Sea elasmobranch literature. This review provides the first comprehensive summary of elasmobranch biology in the Red Sea with the aim of facilitating research in a region that remains remarkably under-studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Y Spaet
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Botsford LW, White JW, Coffroth MA, Paris CB, Planes S, Shearer TL, Thorrold SR, Jones GP. Connectivity and resilience of coral reef metapopulations in marine protected areas: matching empirical efforts to predictive needs. Coral Reefs 2009; 28:327-337. [PMID: 22833699 PMCID: PMC3402229 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-009-0466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Design and decision-making for marine protected areas (MPAs) on coral reefs require prediction of MPA effects with population models. Modeling of MPAs has shown how the persistence of metapopulations in systems of MPAs depends on the size and spacing of MPAs, and levels of fishing outside the MPAs. However, the pattern of demographic connectivity produced by larval dispersal is a key uncertainty in those modeling studies. The information required to assess population persistence is a dispersal matrix containing the fraction of larvae traveling to each location from each location, not just the current number of larvae exchanged among locations. Recent metapopulation modeling research with hypothetical dispersal matrices has shown how the spatial scale of dispersal, degree of advection versus diffusion, total larval output, and temporal and spatial variability in dispersal influence population persistence. Recent empirical studies using population genetics, parentage analysis, and geochemical and artificial marks in calcified structures have improved the understanding of dispersal. However, many such studies report current self-recruitment (locally produced settlement/settlement from elsewhere), which is not as directly useful as local retention (locally produced settlement/total locally released), which is a component of the dispersal matrix. Modeling of biophysical circulation with larval particle tracking can provide the required elements of dispersal matrices and assess their sensitivity to flows and larval behavior, but it requires more assumptions than direct empirical methods. To make rapid progress in understanding the scales and patterns of connectivity, greater communication between empiricists and population modelers will be needed. Empiricists need to focus more on identifying the characteristics of the dispersal matrix, while population modelers need to track and assimilate evolving empirical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. W. Botsford
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - J. W. White
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M.- A. Coffroth
- Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C. B. Paris
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S. Planes
- Centre de Biologie et d’Ecologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - T. L. Shearer
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S. R. Thorrold
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - G. P. Jones
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Saenz-Agudelo P, Jones GP, Thorrold SR, Planes S. Estimating connectivity in marine populations: an empirical evaluation of assignment tests and parentage analysis under different gene flow scenarios. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:1765-76. [PMID: 19243510 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Saenz-Agudelo
- Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Aquatiques Tropicaux et Méditerranéens UMR 5244 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan cedex, France
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Williamson DH, Jones GP, Thorrold SR, Frisch AJ. Transgenerational marking of marine fish larvae: stable-isotope retention, physiological effects and health issues. J Fish Biol 2009; 74:891-905. [PMID: 20735606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the toxicological and physiological responses of a commercially important coral-reef grouper, Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae), to injection of enriched stable-isotope barium chloride (BaCl(2)) solution. Thirty adult P. leopardus were subject to one of two (138)BaCl(2) injection treatment groups (corresponding to dosage rates of 2 and 4 mg (138)Ba kg(-1) body mass), and a control group in which fish were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Fish from each group were sampled at post-injection intervals of 48 h and 1, 3, 5 and 8 weeks, at which time blood and tissue samples were removed from each fish. Residual concentrations of Ba and (138)Ba:(137)Ba ratios were measured in muscle, gonad, liver and bone tissues of each experimental fish. Elevated Ba concentrations were detected in all treatment fish tissue samples within 48 h post injection. Residual Ba concentrations decreased throughout the remainder of the 8 week experimental period in all tissues except bone. The BaCl(2) injection had no significant effects on measured whole blood variables or on the plasma concentrations of steroid hormones. Enriched Ba stable isotopes can therefore be used at low dosages to mark larvae of commercially important marine fishes, without adverse effects on the health of the fishes or on humans who may consume them.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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Abstract
Identifying natal origins of marine fishes is challenging because of difficulties in conducting mark-recapture studies in marine systems. We used natural geochemical signatures in otoliths (ear bones) to determine natal sources in weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), an estuarine-spawning marine fish, in eastern North America. Spawning site fidelity ranged from 60 to 81%, comparable to estimates of natal homing in birds and anadromous fishes. These data were in contrast to genetic analyses of population structure in weakfish. Our findings highlight the need for consideration of spatial processes in fisheries models and have implications for the design of marine reserves in coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Thorrold
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory for Isotope and Trace Element Research, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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