1
|
Fernández-Martínez M, Vicca S, Janssens IA, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Bartrons M, Sardans J, Verger A, Canadell JG, Chevallier F, Wang X, Bernhofer C, Curtis PS, Gianelle D, Grünwald T, Heinesch B, Ibrom A, Knohl A, Laurila T, Law BE, Limousin JM, Longdoz B, Loustau D, Mammarella I, Matteucci G, Monson RK, Montagnani L, Moors EJ, Munger JW, Papale D, Piao SL, Peñuelas J. Atmospheric deposition, CO 2, and change in the land carbon sink. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9632. [PMID: 28851977 PMCID: PMC5574890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have continued to increase whereas atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen has declined in Europe and the USA during recent decades. Using time series of flux observations from 23 forests distributed throughout Europe and the USA, and generalised mixed models, we found that forest-level net ecosystem production and gross primary production have increased by 1% annually from 1995 to 2011. Statistical models indicated that increasing atmospheric CO2 was the most important factor driving the increasing strength of carbon sinks in these forests. We also found that the reduction of sulphur deposition in Europe and the USA lead to higher recovery in ecosystem respiration than in gross primary production, thus limiting the increase of carbon sequestration. By contrast, trends in climate and nitrogen deposition did not significantly contribute to changing carbon fluxes during the studied period. Our findings support the hypothesis of a general CO2-fertilization effect on vegetation growth and suggest that, so far unknown, sulphur deposition plays a significant role in the carbon balance of forests in industrialized regions. Our results show the need to include the effects of changing atmospheric composition, beyond CO2, to assess future dynamics of carbon-climate feedbacks not currently considered in earth system/climate modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Martínez
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - S Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - I A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - M Bartrons
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Verger
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - F Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - X Wang
- Sino-French Institute of Earth System Sciences, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - C Bernhofer
- TU Dresden, Institut für Hydrologie und Meteorologie, LS Meteorologie, Pienner Str. 23, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - P S Curtis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - D Gianelle
- Foxlab Joint CNR-FEM Initiative, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 S, Michele all' Adige Trento, Italy
| | - T Grünwald
- TU Dresden, Institut für Hydrologie und Meteorologie, LS Meteorologie, Pienner Str. 23, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - B Heinesch
- Department of Biosystem Engineering (BioSE), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - A Ibrom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Knohl
- Bioclimatology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Laurila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, FI-00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B E Law
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - J M Limousin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive CEFE, UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valery Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier 5, France
| | - B Longdoz
- UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, UMR1137, Inra-Université de Lorraine, Champenoux (F-54280)-Vandoeuvre Les Nancy (F-54500), France
| | - D Loustau
- INRA, UMR 1391 ISPA, Centre de Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - I Mammarella
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Matteucci
- IBAF - National Research Council of Italy, I-00015, Monterotondo (RM), Italy.,ISAFOM - National Research Council of Italy, I-87036, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - R K Monson
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment and Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - L Montagnani
- Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Via Brennero 6, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - E J Moors
- Alterra Wageningen UR, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands.,VU University Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J W Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - D Papale
- DIBAF, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S L Piao
- Sino-French Institute of Earth System Sciences, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - J Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campioli M, Malhi Y, Vicca S, Luyssaert S, Papale D, Peñuelas J, Reichstein M, Migliavacca M, Arain MA, Janssens IA. Evaluating the convergence between eddy-covariance and biometric methods for assessing carbon budgets of forests. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13717. [PMID: 27966534 PMCID: PMC5171944 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The eddy-covariance (EC) micro-meteorological technique and the ecology-based biometric methods (BM) are the primary methodologies to quantify CO2 exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere (net ecosystem production, NEP) and its two components, ecosystem respiration and gross primary production. Here we show that EC and BM provide different estimates of NEP, but comparable ecosystem respiration and gross primary production for forest ecosystems globally. Discrepancies between methods are not related to environmental or stand variables, but are consistently more pronounced for boreal forests where carbon fluxes are smaller. BM estimates are prone to underestimation of net primary production and overestimation of leaf respiration. EC biases are not apparent across sites, suggesting the effectiveness of standard post-processing procedures. Our results increase confidence in EC, show in which conditions EC and BM estimates can be integrated, and which methodological aspects can improve the convergence between EC and BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Campioli
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Y. Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - S. Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - S. Luyssaert
- LSCE CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Papale
- DIBAF, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, CMCC, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - J. Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M. Reichstein
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M. Migliavacca
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M. A. Arain
- School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - I. A. Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vicca S, Gilgen AK, Camino Serrano M, Dreesen FE, Dukes JS, Estiarte M, Gray SB, Guidolotti G, Hoeppner SS, Leakey ADB, Ogaya R, Ort DR, Ostrogovic MZ, Rambal S, Sardans J, Schmitt M, Siebers M, van der Linden L, van Straaten O, Granier A. Urgent need for a common metric to make precipitation manipulation experiments comparable. New Phytol 2012; 195:518-522. [PMID: 22734795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Vicca
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- (Author for correspondence: tel +32 3 265 22 82; email )
| | - A K Gilgen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Camino Serrano
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - F E Dreesen
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - J S Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - M Estiarte
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
| | - S B Gray
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - G Guidolotti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S S Hoeppner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA
| | - A D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - R Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
| | - D R Ort
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M Z Ostrogovic
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko
| | - S Rambal
- CEFE-CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - J Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
| | - M Schmitt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Siebers
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - L van der Linden
- Australian Water Quality Centre, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - O van Straaten
- Buesgen Institute, Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A Granier
- INRA, UMR 1137 EEF, 54280 Champenoux, France
| |
Collapse
|