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Guerrero S, Sánchez-Tirado E, Agüí L, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón J. Monitoring autoimmune diseases by bioelectrochemical detection of autoantibodies. Application to the determination of anti-myelin basic protein autoantibodies in serum of multiple sclerosis patients. Talanta 2022; 243:123304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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2
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Andreone A, Schenk M, Ferrario M, Guerrero S. Development of sweet confectioneries produced from pilot‐scale UV‐C treated orange juice, low‐methoxyl pectin and different sugar‐substitute blends. Impact on physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Andreone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Industrias
- Scholar of CONICET ‐ Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ). Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. Schenk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Industrias
- CONICET ‐ Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ)
| | - M. Ferrario
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Industrias
- CONICET ‐ Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ)
| | - S. Guerrero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Industrias
- CONICET ‐ Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ)
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Guerrero S, Sánchez-Tirado E, Agüí L, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Simultaneous determination of CXCL7 chemokine and MMP3 metalloproteinase as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis. Talanta 2021; 234:122705. [PMID: 34364500 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the preparation of the first dual electrochemical immunosensor for the simultaneous determination of the CXCL7 chemokine and the MMP3 metalloproteinase as relevant biomarkers for the better diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis derived from the multiple biomarkers measurement. The developed immunosensor involves the use of carboxylated magnetic beads (MBs) and dual screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPdCEs). Sandwich-type configurations implied the covalent immobilization of specific anti-CXCL7 (cAb1) or anti-MMP3 (cAb2) capture antibodies onto MBs and the use of biotinylated detection antibodies with further labelling with HRP-Strept conjugates. The resulting MBS bioconjugates were magnetically captured on the respective working electrode of the SPdCE and the determination of the antigens was accomplished by measuring the amperometric responses of H2O2 mediated by hydroquinone (HQ) at a potential value of -0.20 V. The dual immunosensor provided calibration plots with linear ranges between 1 and 75 ng mL-1 (CXCL7) (R2 = 0.997) and from 2.0 to 2000 pg mL-1 (MMP3) (R2 = 0.998) with detection limits of 0.8 ng mL-1 and 1.2 pg mL-1, respectively. The assay took 2 h 20 min for the simultaneous determination of both biomarkers. The dual immunosensor was successfully applied to the analysis of human serum from positive and negative RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guerrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Sánchez-Tirado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Agüí
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Cortés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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García Carrillo M, Ferrario M, Schenk M, Guerrero S. Effect of an UV-C Light-Based Hurdle Strategy for Carrot-Orange Juice Processing on Candida parapsilosis Inactivation and Physiological State: Impact on Juice Sensory and Physicochemical Quality Parameters. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guerrero S, Agüí L, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón J. Design of electrochemical immunosensors using electro-click chemistry. Application to the detection of IL-1β cytokine in saliva. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Alberdi I, Bender S, Riedel T, Avitable V, Boriaud O, Bosela M, Camia A, Cañellas I, Castro Rego F, Fischer C, Freudenschuß A, Fridman J, Gasparini P, Gschwantner T, Guerrero S, Kjartansson B, Kucera M, Lanz A, Marin G, Mubareka S, Notarangelo M, Nunes L, Pesty B, Pikula T, Redmond J, Rizzo M, Seben V, Snorrason A, Tomter S, Hernández L. Assessing forest availability for wood supply in Europe. For Policy Econ 2020; 111:102032. [PMID: 32140044 PMCID: PMC7043395 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of forests available for wood supply (FAWS) is essential for decision-making with regard to the maintenance and enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle. The provision of harmonized forest statistics is necessary for the development of forest associated policies and to support decision-making. Based on the National Forest Inventory (NFI) data from 13 European countries, we quantify and compare the areas and aboveground dry biomass (AGB) of FAWS and forest not available for wood supply (FNAWS) according to national and reference definitions by determining the restrictions and associated thresholds considered at country level to classify forests as FAWS or FNAWS. FAWS represent between 75 and 95 % of forest area and AGB for most of the countries in this study. Economic restrictions are the main factor limiting the availability of forests for wood supply, accounting for 67 % of the total FNAWS area and 56 % of the total FNAWS AGB, followed by environmental restrictions. Profitability, slope and accessibility as economic restrictions, and protected areas as environmental restrictions are the factors most frequently considered to distinguish between FAWS and FNAWS. With respect to the area of FNAWS associated with each type of restriction, an overlap among the restrictions of 13.7 % was identified. For most countries, the differences in the FNAWS areas and AGB estimates between national and reference definitions ranged from 0 to 5 %. These results highlight the applicability and reliability of a FAWS reference definition for most of the European countries studied, thereby facilitating a consistent approach to assess forests available for supply for the purpose of international reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Alberdi
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. La Coruña, 7.5 Km, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Bender
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, House 41/42, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - T. Riedel
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, House 41/42, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - V. Avitable
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - O. Boriaud
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, 128 Eroilor Boulevard, 077190, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - M. Bosela
- National Forest Centre, T.G.Masaryka 22, Zvolen, 960 92, Slovak Republic
- Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - A. Camia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - I. Cañellas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. La Coruña, 7.5 Km, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Castro Rego
- Centre for Applied Ecology “Professor Baeta Neves” (CEABN), InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajud, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C. Fischer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - A. Freudenschuß
- Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Fridman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, SE-901 83, Umea, Sweden
| | - P. Gasparini
- CREA – Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, P.zza Nicolini 6, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - T. Gschwantner
- Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Guerrero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. La Coruña, 7.5 Km, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M. Kucera
- FMI Brandys nad Labem, Nabrezni 1326, 250 01, Brandys nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - A. Lanz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - G. Marin
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, 128 Eroilor Boulevard, 077190, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - S. Mubareka
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - M. Notarangelo
- CREA – Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, P.zza Nicolini 6, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - L. Nunes
- Centre for Applied Ecology “Professor Baeta Neves” (CEABN), InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajud, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB, Centre of the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - B. Pesty
- Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière, Château des barres, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - T. Pikula
- FMI Brandys nad Labem, Nabrezni 1326, 250 01, Brandys nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - J. Redmond
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Johnstown Castle Estate, Wexford, Ireland
| | - M. Rizzo
- CREA – Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, P.zza Nicolini 6, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - V. Seben
- National Forest Centre, T.G.Masaryka 22, Zvolen, 960 92, Slovak Republic
| | - A. Snorrason
- Icelandic Forest Research, Mogilsa, 162 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S. Tomter
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - L. Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. La Coruña, 7.5 Km, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Zambrano A, Gaviria A, Vela M, Rodríguez-Pollit C, Guevara-Ramírez P, López-Cortés A, Armendáriz-Castillo I, García-Cárdenas J, Guerrero S, Leone P, Pérez-Villa A, Yumiceba V, Fiallos G, Gruezo C, Paz-y-Miño C. Genetic variation of high-altitude Ecuadorian population using autosomal STR markers. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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López-Cortés A, Zambrano A, Guevara-Ramírez P, Albuja Echeverría B, Guerrero S, Cabascango E, Pérez-Villa A, Armendáriz-Castillo I, García-Cárdenas J, Yumiceba V, Pérez-M G, Leone P, Paz-y-Miño C. Ancestral analysis of a Native American Ecuadorian family with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Leone P, Guevara-Ramírez P, Zambrano A, Pérez-Villa A, Armendáriz-Castillo I, García-Cárdenas J, Guerrero S, López-Cortés A, Yumiceba V, Paz-y-Miño C. Genes involved in damage response caused by UV radiation in Ecuadorian population of different altitude regions. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leone P, Maldonado-Oyervide D, Astudillo-González O, Pérez-Villa A, Yumiceba V, Armendáriz-Castillo I, García-Cárdenas J, Guerrero S, Guevara-Ramírez P, López-Cortés A, Zambrano A, Paz-y-Miño C. Mitochondrial DNA study in the Shuar ethnic group from Ecuador. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guerrero S, Agüí L, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón J. Oxidative grafting vs. monolayers self-assembling on gold surface for the preparation of electrochemical immunosensors. Application to the determination of peptide YY. Talanta 2019; 193:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Outridge PM, Mason RP, Wang F, Guerrero S, Heimbürger-Boavida LE. Updated Global and Oceanic Mercury Budgets for the United Nations Global Mercury Assessment 2018. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:11466-11477. [PMID: 30226054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In support of international efforts to reduce mercury (Hg) exposure in humans and wildlife, this paper reviews the literature concerning global Hg emissions, cycling and fate, and presents revised global and oceanic Hg budgets for the 2018 United Nations Global Mercury Assessment. We assessed two competing scenarios about the impacts of 16th - late 19th century New World silver (Ag) mining, which may be the largest human source of atmospheric Hg in history. Consideration of Ag ore geochemistry, historical documents on Hg use, and comparison of the scenarios against atmospheric Hg patterns in environmental archives, strongly support a "low mining emission" scenario. Building upon this scenario and other published work, the revised global budget estimates human activities including recycled legacy emissions have increased current atmospheric Hg concentrations by about 450% above natural levels (prevailing before 1450 AD). Current anthropogenic emissions to air are 2.5 ± 0.5 kt/y. The increase in atmospheric Hg concentrations has driven a ∼ 300% average increase in deposition, and a 230% increase in surface marine waters. Deeper marine waters show increases of only 12-25%. The overall increase in Hg in surface organic soils (∼15%) is small due to the large mass of natural Hg already present from rock weathering, but this figure varies regionally. Specific research recommendations are made to reduce uncertainties, particularly through improved understanding of fundamental processes of the Hg cycle, and continued improvements in emissions inventories from large natural and anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Outridge
- Geological Survey of Canada , Natural Resources Canada , 601 Booth St. , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0E8 , Canada
- Center for Earth Observation Science and Department of Environment and Geography , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - R P Mason
- Department of Marine Sciences , University of Connecticut , 1080 Shennecossett Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - F Wang
- Center for Earth Observation Science and Department of Environment and Geography , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - S Guerrero
- Universidad Metropolitana, Autopista Caracas Guarenas , Caracas 1073 , Venezuela
| | - L E Heimbürger-Boavida
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 , Marseille , France
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Ferrario M, Schenk M, García Carrillo M, Guerrero S. Development and quality assessment of a turbid carrot-orange juice blend processed by UV-C light assisted by mild heat and addition of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract. Food Chem 2018; 269:567-576. [PMID: 30100474 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Carrot-orange juice processed by UV-C (10.6 kJ/m2) assisted with mild heat (H, 50 °C) and yerba mate addition (E) was obtained. UV-C/H + E treated juice was examined for native flora, polyphenol content (PC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), colour, turbidity, °Brix and pH along storage (4 °C). Consumer profiling studies were performed. UV-C/H + E provoked 2.6-5.7 native flora log reductions, preventing from recovery during 24 day-storage. The UV-C/H + E juice exhibited a significant increase in PC (720.2 µg/mL) and TAA (5.5 mg/mL) compared to untreated (PC = 205.0 µg/mL/TAA = 0.7 mg/mL) and single treated juices (PC = 302.1-408.0 µg/mL/TAA = 0.7-2.4 mg/mL), remaining constant throughout storage. UV-C/H + E juice exhibited scarce changes in colour. Nevertheless, increases in °Brix and turbidity were observed compared to single treatments. A cluster sensory analysis revealed that one group showed a marked interest in UVC/H + E beverages with herbal taste and strong aroma. CATA question revealed that some improvements should be introduced in order to satisfy the consumers' ideally beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrario
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) C.A.B.A., Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, Argentina.
| | - M Schenk
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) C.A.B.A., Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, Argentina
| | - M García Carrillo
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) C.A.B.A., Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, Argentina
| | - S Guerrero
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) C.A.B.A., Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, Argentina.
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Alvarez Morán JL, Alé GBF, Charle P, Sessions N, Doumbia S, Guerrero S. The effectiveness of treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) delivered by community health workers compared to a traditional facility based model. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:207. [PMID: 29580238 PMCID: PMC5870488 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most health systems, Community Health Workers (CHWs) identify and screen for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the community. This study aimed to investigate the potential of integrating SAM identification and treatment delivered by CHWs, in order to improve the coverage of SAM treatment services. METHODS This multicentre, randomised intervention study was conducted in Kita, Southwest Mali between February 2015 and February 2016. Treatment for uncomplicated SAM was provided in health facilities in the control area, and by Community Health Workers and health facilities in the intervention area. Clinical outcomes (cure, death and defaulter ratios), treatment coverage and quality of care were examined in both the control and intervention group. RESULTS Six hundred ninety nine children were admitted to the intervention group and 235 children to the control group. The intervention group reported cure ratios of 94.2% compared to 88.6% in the control group (risk ratio 1.07 [95% CI 1.01; 1.13]). Defaulter ratios were twice as high in the control group compared to the intervention group (10.8% vs 4.5%; RR 0.42 [95% CI 0.25; 0.71]). Differences in mortality ratios were not statistically significant (0.9% in the intervention group compared to 0.8% in the control group). Coverage rates in December 2015 were 86.7% in intervention group compared to 41.6% in the control (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS With minimal training, CHWs are able to appropriately treat SAM in the community. Allowing CHWs to treat SAM reduces defaulter ratios without compromising treatment outcomes and can lead to improved access to treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered in ISRCTN Register with ISRCTN33578874 on March 7th 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Alvarez Morán
- Action Against Hunger UK, First Floor, Rear Premises, 161-163 Greenwich High Road, London, SE10 8JA, UK.
| | - G B Franck Alé
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Charle
- Fundación Acción Contra el Hambre
- ACF-Spain, C/ del Duque de Sevilla 3, 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Sessions
- Action Against Hunger UK, First Floor, Rear Premises, 161-163 Greenwich High Road, London, SE10 8JA, UK
| | - S Doumbia
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - S Guerrero
- Action Against Hunger USA, One Whitehall St, New York, NY, 10004, USA
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Dias L, Peloso EF, Leme AFP, Carnielli CM, Pereira CN, Werneck CC, Guerrero S, Gadelha FR. Trypanosoma cruzi tryparedoxin II interacts with different peroxiredoxins under physiological and oxidative stress conditions. Exp Parasitol 2017; 184:1-10. [PMID: 29162347 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, has to cope with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during its life cycle in order to ensure its survival and infection. The parasite detoxifies these species through a series of pathways centered on trypanothione that depend on glutathione or low molecular mass dithiol proteins such as tryparedoxins. These proteins transfer reducing equivalents to peroxidases, including mitochondrial and cytosolic peroxiredoxins, TcMPx and TcCPx, respectively. In T. cruzi two tryparedoxins have been identified, TXNI and TXNII with different intracellular locations. TXNI is a cytosolic protein while TXNII due to a C-terminal hydrophobic tail is anchored in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and glycosomes. TXNs have been suggested to be involved in a majority of biological processes ranging from redox mechanisms to protein translation. Herein, a comparison of the TXNII interactomes under physiological and oxidative stress conditions was examined. Under physiological conditions, apart from the proteins with unknown biological process annotation, the majority of the identified proteins are related to cell redox homeostasis and biosynthetic processes, while under oxidative stress conditions, are involved in stress response, cell redox homeostasis, arginine biosynthesis and microtubule based process. Interestingly, although TXNII interacts with both peroxiredoxins under physiological conditions, upon oxidative stress, TcMPx interaction prevails. The relevance of the interactions is discussed opening a new perspective of TXNII functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - E F Peloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A F P Leme
- Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Luz Sincrotron, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Carnielli
- Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Luz Sincrotron, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C N Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C C Werneck
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - S Guerrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F R Gadelha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Flow characterization of a banana purée preserved by combined factors (slight reduction of water activity, reduction of pH, addition of preservatives and slight thermal treatment) was obtained at 5 and 25 °C. Fresh banana purée was used as a control. Preserved banana purée had thixotropic and pseudoplastic characteristics, exhibiting a defined yield stress and obeying the Weltmann and Herschel-Bulkley models. Additionally, the Michaels and Bolger model was tested to obtain information related to structural characteristics. Temperature had an important effect on the flow properties of the purée, a fact that might be attributed to the high contribution of the juice to the viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Guerrero
- Departamento de Industrias Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - S.M. Alzamora
- Departamento de Industrias Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - L.N. Gerschenson
- Departamento de Industrias Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Capital Federal, Argentina
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Char C, Guerrero S, González L, Alzamora SM. Growth Response of Eurotium chevalieri, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium brevicompactum in Argentine Milk Jam. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013205056784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Milk jam ( dulce de leche) is a typical Argentine sweet spread prepared from milk concentrated by evaporation to about 70% w/w total solids at atmospheric pressure with added sucrose, glucose and vanillin. Growth of xerotolerant moulds represents a severe problem in this type of product with high sugar concentration. This work aimed at analysing the influence of water activity (aw range 0.74–0.85), pH (5.5 and 6.0) and the addition of 1,000 ppm potassium sorbate on Eurotium chevalieri, Aspergillus fumigatusand Penicillium brevicompactumgrowth response in milk jam stored at 25 °C or 35 °C during 90 days. Growth curves were successfully modelled by applying the modified version of Gompertz equation. There were proposed polynomials equations relating time to detection, λ, with two independent variables: potassium sorbate and water activity at pH 6.0. Some useful combinations of these factors were found to assure inhibition of mould growth during a critical storage period. Results might contribute to optimise manufacture conditions and/or milk jam composition to obtain a safer product when failure occurs during the hot filling process or when the product is stored for a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Char
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos, Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Guerrero
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos, Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÌficas y TÈcnicas de la República Argentina
| | - L. González
- Departramento de IngenierÌa QuÌmica, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÌficas y TÈcnicas de la República Argentina
| | - S. M. Alzamora
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos, Aires, Argentina; Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÌficas y TÈcnicas de la República Argentina
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18
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Husain H, Melnikova V, Kosco K, Hancock S, Samuelsz E, Woodward B, Guerrero S, Vibat C, Erlander M, Cohen E, Lippman S, Kurzrock R. 3136 Kinetic monitoring of EGFR and KRAS mutations in urinary circulating tumor DNA predicts radiographic progression and response in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Husain H, Kosco K, Guerrero S, Lu T, Vibat C, Erlander M, Melnikova V. Detection of EGFR T790M Mutation in Urinary Circulating Tumor Dna From Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv045.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Guerrero S, Martínez-García G, Serafín V, Agüí L, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive determination of the anorexigen peptide YY at grafted reduced graphene oxide electrode platforms. Analyst 2015; 140:7527-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01185j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of the anorexigen peptide YY in human serum is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Guerrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - G. Martínez-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - V. Serafín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - L. Agüí
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - P. Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - J. M. Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
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21
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Mena M, Perry RS, Perring TG, Le MD, Guerrero S, Storni M, Adroja DT, Rüegg C, McMorrow DF. Spin-wave spectrum of the quantum ferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice Lu2V2O7. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:047202. [PMID: 25105649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.047202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Neutron inelastic scattering has been used to probe the spin dynamics of the quantum (S=1/2) ferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice Lu(2)V(2)O(7). Well-defined spin waves are observed at all energies and wave vectors, allowing us to determine the parameters of the Hamiltonian of the system. The data are found to be in excellent overall agreement with a minimal model that includes a nearest-neighbor Heisenberg exchange J = 8.22(2) meV and a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) D = 1.5(1) meV. The large DMI term revealed by our study is broadly consistent with the model originally used to explain the magnon Hall effect in this compound [Onose et al., Science 329, 297 (2010) and Ideue et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 134411 (2012)]. However, our ratio of D/J = 0.18(1) is roughly half of their value, and is much larger than those found in other theoretical studies [Xiang et al., Phys. Rev. B 83, 174402 (2011) and Mook et al., Phys. Rev. B 89,134409 (2014)].
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mena
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom and Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - R S Perry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Scotland
| | - T G Perring
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom and ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M D Le
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Guerrero
- Condensed Matter Theory, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Storni
- Condensed Matter Theory, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D T Adroja
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ch Rüegg
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland and DPMC-MaNEP, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - D F McMorrow
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Guerrero S, Wolf EE. Monte Carlo simulation of stiff systems of catalytic reactions by sampling normally distributed rate probabilities. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Davidenko N, Blanco MD, Peniche C, Becherán L, Guerrero S, Teijón JM. Effects of different parameters on the characteristics of chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles obtained by the method of coacervation. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Guerrero S, Miller J, Kropf A, Wolf E. In situ EXAFS and FTIR studies of the promotion behavior of Pt–Nb2O5/Al2O3 catalysts during the preferential oxidation of CO. J Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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González JE, Rodríguez MD, Rodeiro I, Morffi J, Guerra E, Leal F, García H, Goicochea E, Guerrero S, Garrido G, Delgado R, Nuñez-Selles AJ. Lack of in vivo embryotoxic and genotoxic activities of orally administered stem bark aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. (Vimang). Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2526-32. [PMID: 17686561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark aqueous extract (MSBE) is a new natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects known by the brand name of its formulations as Vimang. Previously, the oral toxicity studies of the extract showed a low toxicity potential up to 2000 mg/kg. This work reports the results about teratogenic and genotoxicologic studies of MSBE. For embryotoxicity study, MSBE (20, 200, or 2000 mg/kg/day) was given to Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage on days 6-15 of gestation. For genotoxicity, MSBE was administered three times during 48 h to NMRI mice. Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. No maternal or developmental toxicities were observed when the rats were killed on day 20th. The maternal body-weight gain was not affected. No dose-related effects were observed in implantations, fetal viability or external fetal development. Skeletal and visceral development was similar among fetuses from all groups. No genotoxicity was observed in bone marrow erythrocytes and liver cells after administration. MSBE appears to be neither embryotoxic nor genotoxic as measured by bone marrow cytogenetics in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E González
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Center for Radiation Protection and Hygiene, Havana, Cuba
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26
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Mulley JC, Nelson P, Guerrero S, Dibbens L, Iona X, McMahon JM, Harkin L, Schouten J, Yu S, Berkovic SF, Scheffer IE. A new molecular mechanism for severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy: Exonic deletions in SCN1A. Neurology 2006; 67:1094-5. [PMID: 17000989 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000237322.04338.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined cases of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI) for exon deletions or duplications within the sodium channel SCN1A gene by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Two of 13 patients (15%) who fulfilled the strict clinical definition of SMEI but without SCN1A coding or splicing mutations had exonic deletions of SCN1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Mulley
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006 Australia.
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27
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Douglas J, Tatton-Brown K, Coleman K, Guerrero S, Berg J, Cole TRP, Fitzpatrick D, Gillerot Y, Hughes HE, Pilz D, Raymond FL, Temple IK, Irrthum A, Schouten JP, Rahman N. Partial NSD1 deletions cause 5% of Sotos syndrome and are readily identifiable by multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification. J Med Genet 2006; 42:e56. [PMID: 16140999 PMCID: PMC1736125 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cases of Sotos syndrome are caused by intragenic NSD1 mutations or 5q35 microdeletions. It is uncertain whether allelic or genetic heterogeneity underlies the residual cases and it has been proposed that other mechanisms, such as 11p15 defects, might be responsible for Sotos cases without NSD1 mutations or 5q35 microdeletions. OBJECTIVE To develop a multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay to screen NSD1 for exonic deletions/duplications. METHODS Analysis was undertaken of 18 classic Sotos syndrome cases in which NSD1 mutations and 5q35 microdeletions were excluded. Long range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to characterise the mechanism of generation of the partial NSD1 deletions. RESULTS Eight unique partial NSD1 deletions were identified: exons 1-2 (n = 4), exons 3-5, exons 9-13, exons 19-21, and exon 22. Using long range PCR six of the deletions were confirmed and the precise breakpoints in five cases characterised. This showed that three had arisen through Alu-Alu recombination and two from non-homologous end joining. CONCLUSIONS MLPA is a robust, inexpensive, simple technique that reliably detects both 5q35 microdeletions and partial NSD1 deletions that together account for approximately 15% of Sotos syndrome.
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Quincoces C, Guerrero S, Araya P, González M. Effect of water vapor over Pd–Co/SZ catalyst for the NO selective reduction by methane. CATAL COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the effectiveness of a dental caries prevention program on the primary dentition of Chilean rural children, using fluoridated powdered milk and milk derivatives. METHODS Fluoridated milk and milk-cereal was given to about 1000 preschool children in Codegua, a rural community located in the 6th Region of Chile, using the standard National Complementary Feeding Program (PNAC). The daily fluoride dose from fluoridated powdered milk was estimated at 0.25 mg for infants (0-2 years old), 0.5 mg for children aged 2-3 years and 0.75 for children aged 3-6 years. Cross-sectional samples of children aged 3-6 years were taken from Codegua (study community) from 1994 to 1999 and from La Punta (control community) from 1997 and 1999. RESULTS Significant reductions (72%) were observed in the dmfs indices in the 3-6-year-old groups in Codegua, when comparing 1999 with 1994 data. In 1999, children in the study community showed significantly lower dmfs than children in the control community (41%). The proportion of caries-free children in the study community increased after 4 years of program implementation (from 22.0% to 48.4%). CONCLUSION Under Chilean rural conditions, fluoridation of powdered milk distributed through the PNAC is an effective caries prevention alternative for areas where water fluoridation might not be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mariño
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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30
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Guerrero S, López-Malo A, Alzamora S. Effect of ultrasound on the survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: influence of temperature, pH and amplitude. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1466-8564(01)00020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Guerrero S, Casanova I, Farré L, Mazo A, Capellà G, Mangues R. K-ras codon 12 mutation induces higher level of resistance to apoptosis and predisposition to anchorage-independent growth than codon 13 mutation or proto-oncogene overexpression. Cancer Res 2000; 60:6750-6. [PMID: 11118062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The position of the point mutation in the c-K-ras gene appears associated with different degrees of aggressiveness in human colorectal tumors. In addition, colon tumors carrying K-ras codon 12 mutations associate with lower levels of apoptosis than tumors lacking this mutation. To test the hypothesis of a distinct transforming capacity of different K-ras forms in an in vitro system, we generated stable transfectants of NIH3T3 cells expressing a plasmid containing K-ras mutated at codon 12 (K12) or at codon 13 (K13), or overexpressing the K-ras proto-oncogene (Kwt-oe). We evaluated changes in morphology, proliferative capacity, contact inhibition, and predisposition to apoptosis and anchorage-independent growth in K12, K13, and Kwt-oe transformants. In addition, we studied alterations in expression and/or activation of proteins that participate in signal transduction downstream of Ras or are involved in the regulation of apoptosis and cell-cell (E-cadherin and beta-catenin) and cell-substrate (focal adhesion kinase) interactions. We observed that K13 or Kwt-oe transformants died synchronically 24-48 h after reaching confluency. Their death was apoptotic. In contrast, K12 grew, forming bigger colonies with higher cell densities; and before reaching confluency, spontaneously formed spheroids and showed no sign of apoptosis. The enhanced resistance to apoptosis, loss of contact inhibition, and predisposition to anchorage-independent growth in the K12 transformants were associated with higher AKT/protein kinase B activation, bcl-2, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and focal adhesion kinase overexpression, and RhoA underexpression, whereas the increased sensitivity of K13 or Kwt-oe transformants to apoptosis was associated with increased activation of the c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase 1 pathway. All transformants showed a similar overactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and levels of bax expression similar to the endogenous level. Therefore, in our in vitro model, the localization of the mutation in the K-ras gene predisposes to a different level of aggressiveness in the transforming phenotype. K12 may increase aggressiveness not by altering proliferative pathways, but by the differential regulation of K-Ras downstream pathways that lead to inhibition of apoptosis, enhanced loss of contact inhibition, and increased predisposition to anchorage-independent growth. These results offer a molecular explanation for the increased aggressiveness of the tumors with K-ras codon 12 mutations observed in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guerrero
- Laboratori d'Investigació Gastrointestinal, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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López-Malo A, Guerrero S, Alzamora SM. Probabilistic modeling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibition under the effects of water activity, pH, and potassium sorbate concentration. J Food Prot 2000; 63:91-5. [PMID: 10643775 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Probabilistic microbial modeling using logistic regression was used to predict the boundary between growth and no growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at selected incubation periods (50 and 350 h) in the presence of growth-controlling factors such as water activity (a(w); 0.97, 0.95, and 0.93), pH (6.0, 5.0, 4.0, and 3.0), and potassium sorbate (0, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 ppm). The proposed model predicts the probability of growth under a set of conditions and calculates critical values of a(w), pH, and potassium sorbate concentration needed to inhibit yeast growth for different probabilities. The reduction of pH increased the number of combinations of a(w) and potassium sorbate concentration with probabilities to inhibit yeast growth higher than 0.95. With a probability of growth of 0.05 and using the logistic models, the critical pH values were higher for 50 h of incubation than those required for 350 h. With lower a(w) values and increasing potassium sorbate concentration the critical pH values increased. Logistic regression is a useful tool to evaluate the effects of the combined factors on microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Malo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, México.
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Abstract
Inactivation kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during thermal treatments at moderate temperatures (45.0, 47.5, 50.0, 52.5, or 55.0 degrees C) combined with application of 20 kHz of ultrasound were evaluated. S. cerevisiae inactivation under the combined effects of heat and ultrasound followed first-order reaction kinetics, with decimal reduction times (D) that varied from 22.3 to 0.8 min. D values in treatments that combined heat and ultrasound were significantly smaller (P < 0.05) than D values obtained for thermal treatments and were more noticeable at temperatures below 50 degrees C. The dependence of the D value on temperature had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater z value for combined treatments. Yeast heat inactivation kinetics revealed decreased thermal resistance caused by ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Malo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Sta. Catarina Mártir, México.
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Abstract
A study was done in 1994 to determine the effectiveness of the fluoridated dairy products that the Chilean National Program for Supplementary Feeding had been distributing to reduce the high prevalence of children's dental caries in rural areas of that country. For the study, the prevalence of caries was assessed in two rural communities of the Sixth Region of Chile. Children in the study community of Codegua had received fluoridated dairy products, while children in the control community of La Punta had received nonfluoridated dairy products. Three years after the program began in Codegua, the community showed a significant improvement in the indices of prevalence of caries. Over that time period, the prevalence of caries among children 3 to 6 years old declined between 40% and 60%. Among children 3 years old, the proportion of them without a history of caries increased by 74%, from 40.7% to 70.8%. Among 4-year-olds, that proportion rose by 71%, from 33.3% to 56.9%. Similar to results obtained elsewhere with programs to fluoridate drinking water, the outcomes in Codegua were achieved without any other steps by the National Program for Supplementary Feeding, such as motivational campaigns for mothers or educational efforts to encourage consumption of the program's food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mariño
- Departamento de Epidemiología Nutricional, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the association between very-mild-to-moderate enamel fluorosis and exposure during early childhood to fluoridated water, mainly through ingestion of powdered milk. Analysis was performed on 136 residents of the optimally fluoridated community of San Felipe in the Chilean Fifth Region, who were categorised into one of three groups according to their age when water fluoridation was introduced in 1986: Group I was born after 1986; Group II was 16-24 months old in 1986; and Group III was >24 months of age. The case and control subjects were selected on the basis of a clinical examination given in July 1996. Dean's scoring system was used to determine fluorosis status. Risk factor exposure was ascertained by a questionnaire used in interviews with mothers of participating children. Logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for confounding variables, revealed that very-mild-to-moderate enamel fluorosis of permanent central maxillary incisors (CMI) was strongly associated both with the age of the subjects when water fluoridation began and with breast-feeding duration for children belonging to Group I. Subjects in Group I were 20.44 times more likely (95% CI: 5.00-93.48) to develop CMI fluorosis than children who were older than 24 months (Group III) when fluoridation began. Subjects who were between 16 and 24 months old when water fluoridation began were 4.15 times more likely (95% CI: 1.05-16.43) to have CMI fluorosis than children older than 24 months. An inverse association was found with breastfeeding duration (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.98) among Group I subjects but not in Groups II and III. Results obtained suggest that the current fluoride concentration in drinking water may be contributing to fluorosis. Further studies will be necessary to determine the relative competing risks of dental fluorosis and dental caries in Chilean children in order to establish the most appropriate water fluoridation level in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Villa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, Santiago.
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Abstract
The purpose of this comparative study of caries and dental fluorosis experience in Chilean children was to estimate the optimal range of fluoride concentration in tap water under conditions currently prevailing in Chile. The sample included 2431 schoolchildren 7, 12 and 15 years old, life-long residents of five communities with fluoride concentrations in their tap water in the range 0.07-1.1 mg/L. The study population received an oral clinical examination including caries experience and an enamel fluorosis evaluation of the permanent dentition (Dean's scoring system). For 15-year-old children, the DMFT index changed from 5.06 to 2.60, and for 12-year-olds it changed from 3.10 to 1.36 when fluoride water concentration changed from 0.07 to 1.10 mg/L. For 7-year-old children the dmft index correspondingly changed from 3.67 to 1.59. The relationship between DMFT for 12-year-olds and water fluoride concentration was best fitted by a logarithmic function (r2=0.98). The Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) was used to assess enamel fluorosis in the study population, and it showed a linear relationship (r2=0.983) with increasing fluoride concentration of water for the 12-year-old group. Results obtained suggest that under current Chilean conditions, the optimal range of fluoride concentration in potable water should lie in the 0.5-0.6 mg/L range.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Villa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, INTA, Santiago, Chile.
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37
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Abstract
Caries experience and enamel fluorosis prevalence in 8-year-old children belonging to different socio-economic classes were determined in two Chilean twin cities that are served by optimally fluoridated community water from the same waterworks facility. Low socio-economic status (LSES) children had a higher mean dmft and DMFT indices (P < 0.001) than high socioeconomic status (HSES) children. Prevalence of enamel fluorosis in the permanent teeth of LSES children was 0.79, significantly higher (chi 2 = 9.0; P < 0.003) than the value 0.59 found in HSES children. The proportion of Dean's scores 2, 3, 4 and 5 in first molars, mandibular and maxillary incisors in LSES children was higher than in HSES children (P < 0.001). Differences in prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis between both groups are tentatively attributed to a different pattern of tap water and tea consumption at pre-school ages. Suggestions are advanced to minimize the undesirable prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Villa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, INTA, Universidad de Chile
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38
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Guerrero S, Alzamora S, Gerschenson L. Optimization of a combined factors technology for preserving banana purée to minimize colour changes using the response surface methodology. J FOOD ENG 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0260-8774(95)00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Abstract
A preservation process based on the "hurdle" effect for obtaining a shelf-stable banana purée was developed. The microbial stability of the purée was challenged with inoculation of osmophilic and non-osmophilic yeasts, various molds, Bacillus coagulans , Clostridium pasteurianum and Clostridium butyricum . It was shown that growth of both native and inoculated flora may be prevented for at least 120 days storage in banana purée by adjusting water activity (aw) to 0.97, pH to 3.4, adding 250 ppm of ascorbic acid (AA), 100 ppm of potassium sorbate (KS) and 400 ppm of sodium bisulphite (NaHSO3), and applying a mild heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guerrero
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S M Alzamora
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L N Gerschenson
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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40
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Cisternas P, Guerrero S, Morales A, Uauy R. [Dietary ingestion of fluoride and caries prevalence in preschool and school children in cities with different fluoride content in the drinking water and diet]. Rev Med Chil 1994; 122:459-64. [PMID: 7809543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of dietary fluoride and its relationship with dental caries prevalence was determined in 780 preschool children and 802 school children from quique, Arica, Santiago and San Antonio, where drinking water has different fluoride concentration. Dietary fluoride was determined from dietary records and fluoride content of foods. The fluoride consumption from drinking water was calculated by Galagan and Vermillion formula. The total fluoride consumption was obtained. The dental caries prevalence was established by the evaluation of dental caries index in deciduous (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentition. Significantly lower DMFT values were founded in cities with lower fluoride levels in drinking water. The exception was San Antonio, where high dietary fluoride explained the lower DMFT values relative to Santiago. Our results suggest that not only fluoride in water but also the consumption of fluoride rich foods has a significant impact on the prevalence of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cisternas
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago
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41
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Abstract
It is often difficult to predict outcome in hospitalized patients with pericardial effusion. To address this issue, the prognostic value of echocardiography was studied in 187 hospitalized patients diagnosed with pericardial effusions over a 1-year period. The index echocardiogram showed that 11 effusions were large (6%), 39 were moderate (21%), and 137 were small (73%). Right ventricular collapse was present in 7% of cases (13 of 178), right atrial collapse in 12% (21 of 168), and inferior vena cava (IVC) plethora with blunted response to respiration in 35% (46 of 132). During the course of hospitalization, 9 patients (5%) had cardiac tamponade and 16 (9%) had cardiac tamponade, pericardiocentesis and/or surgical drainage (combined end point). By univariate analysis, each echocardiographic sign was associated with both cardiac tamponade and the combined end point (p less than or equal to 0.01 for comparisons with size and right-sided chamber collapse; p less than or equal to 0.07 for comparisons with IVC plethora). When the data were analyzed with logistic regression modeling, effusion size was the most powerful predictor of outcome (cardiac tamponade: odds ratio 51, 95% confidence interval 3.5-729, p = 0.004; combined end point: odds ratio 78, 95% confidence interval 14-421, p = 0.0001), and neither right-sided chamber collapse nor IVC plethora with blunted response to respiration retained significant associations. It is concluded that echocardiographically determined effusion size is a powerful predictor of outcome in hospitalized patients with pericardial effusion, and that right-sided chamber collapse and IVC plethora with blunted response to respiration add little if any additional prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Eisenberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco
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42
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Villa A, Guerrero S, Cisternas P, Mönckeberg F. [Caries prevention through a nutritional vehicle]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1990; 40:197-208. [PMID: 2133180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the efficacy of fluoridated milk as a cariostatic nutritional product, the biological and technical possibilities of adding fluoride (F) as monofluorophosphate (MFP) to milk were studied, together with a preliminary cost estimation for this procedure. F ingestion by preschool children pertaining to the low and medium-low levels of population was estimated through polls and chemical analyses. The values of F ingestion obtained were in the range of 0.15-0.30 mg/day. The bioavailability of F in those dietary elements which have the highest F concentration was determined. Taking a value of 1.00 for F absorption from sodium fluoride (NaF) in water, relative values of 0.58 and 0.32 were obtained for tea ingestion on a fasting stomach, and together with solid food, respectively. The corresponding value for fish was 0.34. Through another bioavailability experiment it was shown that the absorption of F (from MFP) in milk, is as high as that of F (from NaF) in water. By means of a comparative cost estimation study, it was found that, for the Chilean situation, milk fluoridation is, at least, 1,000 times more economic than water fluoridation. It is concluded that milk fluoridation is an economical and viable alternative for some less developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villa
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago
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43
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Olivares S, Guerrero S, Cisternas P, Andrade M. [Effect of a participatory method on nutrition education in dentistry]. Odontol Chil 1990; 38:14-7. [PMID: 2099389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on results of a diagnostic test which measured the knowledge that University of Chile students of 5 different health careers have a food and nutrition (1982), the nutrition program of the school of Dentistry was modified from a traditional system of education (formal classes) to a participative methodology in 1984, a didactic material on nutritional recommendations. An increased level of knowledge as well as motivation was observed in those graduating in 1984, particularly the area of nutritional recommendation and diet, to which the students spent more extra time. We can conclude that the educational methodology that stresses participation and is centered around one person is very effective to teach nutrition in the school of Dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olivares
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Santiago
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44
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Villa A, Guerrero S, Cisternas P, Monckeberg F. Fluoride bioavailability from disodium monofluorophosphate fluoridated milk in children and rats. Caries Res 1989; 23:179-83. [PMID: 2736581 DOI: 10.1159/000261174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the usefulness of disodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) as a milk-fluoridating agent by measuring the bioavailability of F from MFP in milk relative to that of F from NaF in water. Long-term (multiple-dose) studies were performed on rats measuring F bone uptake. The relative F absorption from MFP in milk was also determined in preschool children by means of 24-hour F urinary excretion. In both studies F absorption was determined either under fasting conditions or when F ingestion occurred together with food intake. The results show that F absorption from MFP in milk is as high as that of NaF in water under fasting conditions and that the F bioavailability decrease from NaF in water is more important than that of MFP in milk when F ingestion occurs simultaneously with food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago
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45
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Fernández E, Guerrero S. [Oral administration of drugs. Influence of diet, alcohol and smoking habits]. Odontol Chil 1988; 36:67-72. [PMID: 3275265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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46
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Morales M, Hernández D, Ladrón de Guevara R, Guerrero S. Electrophysiological effects of verapamil on primary and transitional pacemaker cells of the frog heart. Gen Pharmacol 1988; 19:425-30. [PMID: 3417105 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(88)90041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1. In spontaneously beating preparations of sinus venosus of the frog Caudiverbera caudiverbera the electro-physiologic effects of verapamil on action potential parameters of both primary and transitional pacemaker cells were investigated. 2. Verapamil in concentrations ranging from 5 x 10(-8)M to 2 x 10(-6)M slowed the sinus rate and blocked impulse initiation. Action potential blockade was accompanied by oscillations of membrane potential and depolarization. 3. During blockade of primary pacemaker cells, pacemaker shift originated the activation of transitional or atrial contractile fibres. 4. Subthreshold concentrations of the drug to induce complete blockade (5 x 10(-8)M) allowed to observe a greater depression of bioelectric cell characteristics in primary than in transitional fibres. 5. Verapamil-induced blockade of transitional pacemaker action potentials was preceded by the appearance of a notch in their upstroke and the persistence of a fast depolarizing section that remained unblocked. This fast verapamil-resistant section of the upstroke was absent in preparations treated with tetrodotoxin (TTX). 6. The results confirmed most previously described actions of verapamil on mammalian sinoatrial preparations and provided a pharmacological dissection of the two slow and fast bio-electric components contributing to the upstroke of transitional pacemaker cells of the frog sinus venosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago
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47
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Guerrero S, Morales M, Hernandez D. Electrophysiological effects of bupivacaine on transitional pacemaker cells of the frog heart. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1987; 288:59-70. [PMID: 2821942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of bupivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic, were studied on action potentials of spontaneously beating sinus venosus of the frog Caudiverbera caudiverbera. The study was accomplished by recording transmembrane potentials of pacemaker transitional cells. Action potentials of these cells are known to have both a fast and a slow ionic component. Bupivacaine (1 X 10(-5) M to 1 X 10(-4) M) caused a reversible negative chronotropic effect accompanied by decrease of diastolic depolarization rate and prolongation of sinus cycle length. This drug also markedly depressed rate of rise [(dV/dt)max] of action potentials. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (1 X 10(-7) M) induced similar effects than bupivacaine. In atropine-treated sinus venosus the effect of bupivacaine on spontaneous rate of firing was less intense. However, in cells exposed to both drugs, a greater depression of (dV/dt)max and of other electrophysiological parameters such as action potential amplitude, overshoot and maximum diastolic potentials was observed. Depression of phase 4 depolarization seems difficult to be explained in view of the complex nature of the ionic currents underlying pacemaker depolarization. Reduction of (dV/dt)max caused by bupivacaine and mimicked by TTX was ascribed to blockade of sodium channels. It was concluded that bupivacaine by decreasing (dV/dt)max of transitional cells and by depressing diastolic depolarization slows down conduction of impulses arising from primary cells and that this action may contribute to its cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago
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48
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Hernández D, Guerrero S, Morales M. Electrophysiological characteristics of cardiac pacemaker cells of the frog Caudiverbera caudiverbera. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1987; 87:649-56. [PMID: 2887351 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. The cardiac pacemaker cells of the frog Caudiverbera caudiverbera are centrally located in the sinus venosus. These cells are rounded, smaller than contractile fibres and have large nuclei. 2. Intracellular recording confirmed the existence of primary and transitional pacemaker cells. 3. Action potentials from primary cells were resistant to blockade by tetrodotoxin (TTX), but were abolished by verapamil suggesting that their bioelectric activity is dependent on a slow inward current. 4. Transitional cells appeared to have two different inward currents contributing to the upstroke: a fast TTX-sensitive and a slow verapamil-sensitive current.
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49
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Abstract
Early postnatal malnutrition produces delay in growth and developmental processes, and children from a low socioeconomical level where undernutrition is prevalent are shorter than those from higher socioeconomic levels. We examined the effects of severe and early protein energy malnutrition on growth and bone maturation. We studied 40 preschool children who had been admitted to hospital in infancy with protein energy malnutrition and 38 children from the same socioeconomic level, paired for age and sex, who had never been malnourished. Growth measurements were made over a period of 4-6 years, and bone age was determined in a subgroup through wrist roentgenograms. Results showed a correlation between protein energy malnutrition, birth weight of infants, and mother's height and head circumference. The group with protein energy malnutrition showed a significant delay in stature after four years, especially the girls (p less than 0.001). Weight:height ratio was reduced in boys compared with controls but not in girls. Both groups showed a delay in bone maturation, but there were no significant differences between them. We found a positive correlation between bone age and arm fat area in control boys and between bone age and height for age in boys with protein energy malnutrition. The finding that rehabilitated children were shorter than the control group but had similar bone age at follow up suggests that genetic or prenatal factors were important in their later poor growth, and this suggestion is supported by their smaller birth size and the smaller size of their mothers.
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50
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Guerrero S, Zacharías J. The effect of 4-aminoquinoline on frog atrial myocardium depolarized by potassium. Gen Pharmacol 1986; 17:37-42. [PMID: 2419203 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(86)90008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular recording was used to examine the effects of 4-aminoquinoline (4-AQ) on action potentials of frog atrial myocardium depolarized by potassium. Elevating [K+]0 to 12.5 mM resulted in decrease of resting membrane potential from 83 mV (normal Ringer) to 56 mV (P less than 0.001). Under these conditions, verapamil diminished amplitude, overshoot and duration of action potentials, whereas 4-AQ depressed overshoot and prolonged action potential duration (P less than 0.02). Action potentials recorded in 20 mM K+ (isoproterenol added) exhibited a mean resting potential of 38 mV and also a reduced amplitude and duration. Verapamil caused a rapid blockade of the electrophysiological response, suggesting that action potentials were mediated by a current carried by calcium ions. 4-AQ applied in two concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 mM) on atrial trabeculae exposed to 20 mM K+-isoproterenol partially restored resting membrane potential and significantly (P less than 0.001) increased amplitude, overshoot and duration of action potentials. These effects were attributed to an enhanced Ca2+ entrance induced either by a direct action upon voltage-sensitive calcium channels, or resulting from a prolonged action potential due to blockade of potassium conductance.
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