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Kraft S, Gandra M, Lennox RJ, Mourier J, Winkler AC, Abecasis D. Residency and space use estimation methods based on passive acoustic telemetry data. Mov Ecol 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36859381 PMCID: PMC9976422 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic telemetry has helped overcome many of the challenges faced when studying the movement ecology of aquatic species, allowing to obtain unprecedented amounts of data. This has made it into one of the most widely used methods nowadays. Many ways to analyse acoustic telemetry data have been made available and deciding on how to analyse the data requires considering the type of research objectives, relevant properties of the data (e.g., resolution, study design, equipment), habits of the study species, researcher experience, among others. To ease this decision process, here we showcase (1) some of the methods used to estimate pseudo-positions and positions from raw acoustic telemetry data, (2) methods to estimate residency and (3) methods to estimate two-dimensional home and occurrence range using geometric or hull-based methods and density-distribution methods, a network-based approach, and three-dimensional methods. We provide examples of some of these were tested using a sample of real data. With this we intend to provide the necessary background for the selection of the method(s) that better fit specific research objectives when using acoustic telemetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kraft
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - M Gandra
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - R J Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries at NORCE Norwegian Research Center, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Mourier
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - A C Winkler
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - D Abecasis
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Wang D, Kraft S, Rohani P, Murphy G, Besaw R, Karia P, Morgan F, Schmults C. LB1521 Association of nodal metastasis with vermilion lip location in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungAuf der Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Wissensstand zur Wirksamkeit psychotherapeutischer und pharmakotherapeutischer Behandlungsmethoden von posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter zusammengefasst und bewertet. Es konnten 19 kontrollierte und randomisierte klinische Studien zur Psychotherapie, jedoch keine zur Pharmakotherapie gefunden werden.Die Wirksamkeit kognitiv-behavioraler Therapieprogramme ist inzwischen gut belegt, wobei die Einbeziehung eines Elternteils bzw. einer Pflegeperson in die Behandlung sich günstig auszuwirken scheint. Für Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) und für multisystemische Familientherapie gibt es erste erfolgversprechende Studien, deren Ergebnisse allerdings wegen kleiner Fallzahlen und fehlender Replikation als vorläufig angesehen werden müssen. Kontrollierte klinische Studien zur Pharmakotherapie fehlen für das Kindes- und Jugendalter, sodass hierzu keinerlei gesicherte Erkenntnisse vorliegen. Zu fordern sind weitere klinische Studien an dieser zahlenmäßig relevanten und teilweise schwer beeinträchtigten Zielgruppe. Untersuchungen zur differenziellen Indikation verschiedener Therapieansätze und zur Wirksamkeit von Kombinationsbehandlungen, z.B. Psychotherapie plus Pharmakotherapie, stehen aus.
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Schramm U, Bussmann M, Irman A, Siebold M, Zeil K, Albach D, Bernert C, Bock S, Brack F, Branco J, Couperus JP, Cowan TE, Debus A, Eisenmann C, Garten M, Gebhardt R, Grams S, Helbig U, Huebl A, Kluge T, Köhler A, Krämer JM, Kraft S, Kroll F, Kuntzsch M, Lehnert U, Loeser M, Metzkes J, Michel P, Obst L, Pausch R, Rehwald M, Sauerbrey R, Schlenvoigt HP, Steiniger K, Zarini O. First results with the novel petawatt laser acceleration facility in Dresden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Rascher U, Alonso L, Burkart A, Cilia C, Cogliati S, Colombo R, Damm A, Drusch M, Guanter L, Hanus J, Hyvärinen T, Julitta T, Jussila J, Kataja K, Kokkalis P, Kraft S, Kraska T, Matveeva M, Moreno J, Muller O, Panigada C, Pikl M, Pinto F, Prey L, Pude R, Rossini M, Schickling A, Schurr U, Schüttemeyer D, Verrelst J, Zemek F. Sun-induced fluorescence - a new probe of photosynthesis: First maps from the imaging spectrometer HyPlant. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:4673-84. [PMID: 26146813 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Variations in photosynthesis still cause substantial uncertainties in predicting photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates and monitoring plant stress. Changes in actual photosynthesis that are not related to greenness of vegetation are difficult to measure by reflectance based optical remote sensing techniques. Several activities are underway to evaluate the sun-induced fluorescence signal on the ground and on a coarse spatial scale using space-borne imaging spectrometers. Intermediate-scale observations using airborne-based imaging spectroscopy, which are critical to bridge the existing gap between small-scale field studies and global observations, are still insufficient. Here we present the first validated maps of sun-induced fluorescence in that critical, intermediate spatial resolution, employing the novel airborne imaging spectrometer HyPlant. HyPlant has an unprecedented spectral resolution, which allows for the first time quantifying sun-induced fluorescence fluxes in physical units according to the Fraunhofer Line Depth Principle that exploits solar and atmospheric absorption bands. Maps of sun-induced fluorescence show a large spatial variability between different vegetation types, which complement classical remote sensing approaches. Different crop types largely differ in emitting fluorescence that additionally changes within the seasonal cycle and thus may be related to the seasonal activation and deactivation of the photosynthetic machinery. We argue that sun-induced fluorescence emission is related to two processes: (i) the total absorbed radiation by photosynthetically active chlorophyll; and (ii) the functional status of actual photosynthesis and vegetation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - L Alonso
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Burkart
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Cilia
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - S Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - R Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - A Damm
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Drusch
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - L Guanter
- Institute for Space Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 6-10, 12165, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hanus
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Hyvärinen
- Specim Spectral Imaging Ltd., Teknologiantie 18A, 90590, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Julitta
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - J Jussila
- Specim Spectral Imaging Ltd., Teknologiantie 18A, 90590, Oulu, Finland
| | - K Kataja
- Specim Spectral Imaging Ltd., Teknologiantie 18A, 90590, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Kokkalis
- Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, 15236, Athens, Greece
| | - S Kraft
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - T Kraska
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 3, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - M Matveeva
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Panigada
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - M Pikl
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - F Pinto
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - L Prey
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Pude
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 3, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - M Rossini
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - A Schickling
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - U Schurr
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - D Schüttemeyer
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - J Verrelst
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Zemek
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kraft
- Dermatopathology Service; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA U.S.A
| | - H. Tsao
- Department of Dermatology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA U.S.A
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Setiawan M, Kraft S, Doig K, Hunka K, Haffenden A, Trew M, Longman S, Ranawaya R, Furtado S, Lee RG, Suchowersky O, Kiss ZHT. Referrals for Movement Disorder Surgery: Under-Representation of Females and Reasons for Refusal. Can J Neurol Sci 2014; 33:53-7. [PMID: 16583722 DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100004698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Referral of movement disorder patients for deep brain stimulation surgery was examined to determine whether referred patients were representative of gender proportions in our population, and reasons why patients do not proceed to surgery. METHODS Demographic information on referrals to the surgical program was retrospectively reviewed from our database and from a detailed chart review. RESULTS Although almost equal numbers of movement disorder patients are male and female, of the 91 patients referred for surgery, only 31% were female. Sixty-one percent of referred patients did not undergo surgery. Of these, the majority were denied for medical reasons, including cognitive decline (21%), psychiatric concerns (5%) and neurological reasons (42%). CONCLUSIONS Almost one-third of patients referred for movement disorder surgery were denied for medical reasons. This underscores the importance of evaluation of all potential patients by a multidisiplinary team to fully assess suitablity for stereotactic surgery. Interestingly, women were under-represented in those referred. In order that all appropriate patients have the opportunity to consider surgery, education of both physicians and patients, and different strategies to approach females regarding surgery may allow more patients to benefit from this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Setiawan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital-Calgary Health Region, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Randall E, Yoshikawa H, Kraft S, Larue S. A Translational Feline Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Evaluating Tumor Volume Delineation With PET/CT. Pract Radiat Oncol 2014; 3:S29. [PMID: 24674536 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2013.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Randall
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | | | - S Kraft
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - S Larue
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Dipiro ND, Saunders LL, Brotherton S, Kraft S, Krause JS. Pain and fatigue as mediators of the relationship between mobility aid usage and depressive symptomatology in ambulatory individuals with SCI. Spinal Cord 2014; 52:316-21. [PMID: 24418957 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2013.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. OBJECTIVES To investigate a mediational model where pain (intensity and interference) and fatigue mediate the relationship between the use of mobility aids and moderate-to-severe depressive symptomatology among ambulatory participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING A medical university in the southeastern United States. METHODS Ambulatory adults (N=652) with chronic SCI responded to a mail-in survey. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess moderate-to-severe depressive symptomatology. The Brief Pain Inventory was used to assess pain intensity and interference, and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale-5-item version was used to assess fatigue. Participants self-reported use of mobility aids. RESULTS On examining mobility aids used for ambulation, 65% were found to have used at least one aid. Severe pain intensity was reported by 11%, and 14% reported severe pain interference. Disabling fatigue was reported by 10% of the participants. Twenty-one percent (n=138) reported moderate-to-severe levels of depressive symptoms. On examining the relationships between mobility aids and depressive symptomatology, using people as a mobility aid was associated with increased odds of depressive symptomatology (2.6) and always using a wheelchair was associated with lower odds (0.3). However, these relationships were no longer significant after controlling for the mediating variables pain intensity, pain interference and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Pain and fatigue mediate the relationship between usage of certain mobility aids and depressive symptomatology. The use of people to assist in ambulation is associated with greater odds of moderate-to-severe depressive symptomatology, while always using a wheelchair is associated with lower odds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Dipiro
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - L L Saunders
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Brotherton
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Kraft
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J S Krause
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The cutaneous effects of rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase B (BRAF) inhibitors are not well understood. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), keratoacanthoma, and photosensitivity have been described in patients taking BRAF inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS To characterize the timing and frequency of skin lesions in patients receiving BRAF inhibitor therapy, we utilized a retrospective case review of 53 patients undergoing treatment with BRAF inhibitors for 4-92 weeks of therapy. Patients were evaluated at baseline, and then followed at 4- to 12-week intervals. Charts were retrospectively reviewed, and the morphology and timing of cutaneous events were recorded. RESULTS Thirty-three of the 53 charts met exclusion/inclusion criteria, 15 were treated with vemurafenib, and 18 were treated with GSK 2118436/GSK 1120212. Of 33 patients treated with BRAF inhibitor, 13 developed photosensitivity (39.4%), 10 developed actinic keratoses (30.3%), 10 developed warts (30.3%), and 6 developed SCC (18.2%). CONCLUSIONS Multiple cutaneous findings were observed in the 33 patients taking BRAF inhibitors. The previously described association with SCC and photosensitivity was observed in these patients as well. Over half of the observed SCCs were invasive in nature. Photosensitivity continues to be frequent with BRAF inhibitors. Patients taking BRAF inhibitors should have regular full body skin exams. Further studies are necessary to better elucidate the rates of these adverse cutaneous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - D P Lawrence
- Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - K T Flaherty
- Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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Wiltshire K, Furtado S, Ghali W, Kraft S. Medication Ordering Practices for Parkinson's Disease Patients Admitted to Hospital (S02.007). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Karsch L, Beyreuther E, Burris-Mog T, Kraft S, Richter C, Zeil K, Pawelke J. Dose rate dependence for different dosimeters and detectors: TLD, OSL, EBT films, and diamond detectors. Med Phys 2012; 39:2447-55. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3700400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Laschinsky L, Baumann M, Beyreuther E, Burris-Mog T, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Kaluza M, Karsch L, Kraft S, Lessmann E, Metzkes J, Nicolai M, Oppelt M, Richter C, Schlenvoigt H, Schramm U, Schürer M, Zeil K, Pawelke J. 164 TOWARD LASER DRIVEN PROTON THERAPY: RESULTS OF THE BASIC TRANSLATIONAL STEP. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pawelke J, Baumann M, Beyreuther E, Burris-Mog T, Cowan T, Dammene Y, Enghardt W, Kaluza M, Karsch L, Kraft S, Laschinsky L, Leβmann E, Metzkes J, Naumburger D, Nicolai M, Richter C, Schlenvoigt H, Schramm U, Schürer M, Woithe J, Zeil K. 563 speaker LASER DRIVEN ACCELERATORS FOR RADIOBIOLOGY EXPERIMENT. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Peng WM, Yu CF, Kolanus W, Mazzocca A, Bieber T, Kraft S, Novak N. Tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 are molecular partners of trimeric FcɛRI on human antigen-presenting cells. Allergy 2011; 66:605-11. [PMID: 21241315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most functions of tetraspanins are not related to cell-surface receptor ligand binding, but are mediated by direct interactions with their partner proteins. Functions of trimeric FcɛRI, expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), range from amplification of allergic inflammatory reactions to their active suppression. Cell-type-specific protein-protein interactions might play a role in the regulation of these bidirectional tasks. Therefore, we intended to study the interactions of trimeric FcɛRI with tetraspanins. METHODS The expression levels of tetraspanins CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD81, CD82, and CD151 on skin dendritic cells of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients or healthy individuals were detected by flow cytometry. Tetraspanin expression on FcɛRI(pos) and FcɛRI(neg) monocyte subpopulations was evaluated. Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting experiments were performed to observe the relationship between tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 and FcɛRI. Furthermore, plate stimulation experiments were performed, and cytokines in the supernatants were detected. RESULTS We found that human FcɛRI(pos) APCs expressed high amounts of tetraspanins and that the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 were associated with FcɛRI. Concomitant activation of FcɛRI and CD9 on human monocytes increased FcɛRI-mediated cytokine release. CONCLUSION Taken together, we show for the first time that CD9 and CD81 act as molecular partners of trimeric FcɛRI on human APC, which might be of importance in allergic diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Peng
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn Medical, Bonn, Germany
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Buffechoux S, Psikal J, Nakatsutsumi M, Romagnani L, Andreev A, Zeil K, Amin M, Antici P, Burris-Mog T, Compant-La-Fontaine A, d'Humières E, Fourmaux S, Gaillard S, Gobet F, Hannachi F, Kraft S, Mancic A, Plaisir C, Sarri G, Tarisien M, Toncian T, Schramm U, Tampo M, Audebert P, Willi O, Cowan TE, Pépin H, Tikhonchuk V, Borghesi M, Fuchs J. Hot electrons transverse refluxing in ultraintense laser-solid interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:015005. [PMID: 20867457 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the coupling of ultraintense lasers (at ∼2×10{19} W/cm{2}) with solid foils of limited transverse extent (∼10 s of μm) by monitoring the electrons and ions emitted from the target. We observe that reducing the target surface area allows electrons at the target surface to be reflected from the target edges during or shortly after the laser pulse. This transverse refluxing can maintain a hotter, denser and more homogeneous electron sheath around the target for a longer time. Consequently, when transverse refluxing takes places within the acceleration time of associated ions, we observe increased maximum proton energies (up to threefold), increased laser-to-ion conversion efficiency (up to a factor 30), and reduced divergence which bodes well for a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buffechoux
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Lennertz L, Grabe HJ, Ruhrmann S, Rampacher F, Vogeley A, Schulze-Rauschenbach S, Ettelt S, Meyer K, Kraft S, Reck C, Pukrop R, John U, Freyberger HJ, Klosterkötter J, Maier W, Falkai P, Wagner M. Perceived parental rearing in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their siblings. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 121:280-8. [PMID: 19694627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perceived parenting in patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is examined. We attempted to overcome some methodological limitations of prior studies by taking age of onset, parental OCD and comorbid depression into consideration. In addition, we included data from unaffected siblings to corroborate information on parental rearing. METHOD One hundred and twenty-two cases with OCD and 41 of their siblings as well as 59 healthy controls and 45 of their siblings completed the German short-version of the EMBU (FEE). RESULTS Obsessive-compulsive disorder cases reported less parental warmth and more parental rejection and control. Further analyses indicated that parenting is also associated with OCD in cases with late onset and cases without parents affected by OCD. OCD cases with comorbid depression described their parents particularly negatively. Data from siblings indicated good validity of perceived parenting in OCD. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence for dysfunctional child rearing being relevant to the development of OCD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lennertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, Bonn, Germany.
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Tiecke TG, Goosen MR, Ludewig A, Gensemer SD, Kraft S, Kokkelmans SJJMF, Walraven JTM. Broad Feshbach resonance in the 6Li-40K mixture. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:053202. [PMID: 20366760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study the widths of interspecies Feshbach resonances in a mixture of the fermionic quantum gases 6Li and 40K. We develop a model to calculate the width and position of all available Feshbach resonances for a system. Using the model, we select the optimal resonance to study the {6}Li/{40}K mixture. Experimentally, we obtain the asymmetric Fano line shape of the interspecies elastic cross section by measuring the distillation rate of 6Li atoms from a potassium-rich 6Li/{40}K mixture as a function of magnetic field. This provides us with the first experimental determination of the width of a resonance in this mixture, DeltaB=1.5(5) G. Our results offer good perspectives for the observation of universal crossover physics using this mass-imbalanced fermionic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Tiecke
- van der Waals-Zeeman Institute of the University of Amsterdam, Valckenierstraat 65, 1018 XE, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Rotational freedom of implant positional indices in two-piece implants was investigated. The aim of the study was to determine, analytically, the rotational freedom of three different positional index designs, based on the hypothesis that it is not influenced by their geometric principle. Regular polygonal, polygon profile, and cam-groove patterns were analyzed. Schematic descriptions were made and idealized equations developed. Parameters influencing the extent of rotational freedom were identified for the different positional index designs. A general equation that describes the rotational freedom of differently designed indices was also formulated. The present analysis showed that the rotational freedom of positional indices can be analytically calculated and is influenced by different parameters. The rotational freedom of the positional index of commonly used implant-abutment connections depends on their geometric design and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Semper
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Navigation and Robotics, Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic, Augusten-burger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Kraft
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Navigation and Robotics, Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic, Augusten-burger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Krüger
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Navigation and Robotics, Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic, Augusten-burger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Nelson
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Navigation and Robotics, Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic, Augusten-burger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Rotational freedom of the implant-abutment connection influences its screw joint stability; for optimization, influential factors need to be evaluated based on a previously developed closed formula. The underlying hypothesis is that the manufacturing tolerances, geometric pattern, and dimensions of the index do not influence positional stability. We used the dimensions of 5 commonly used implant systems with a clearance of 20 μm to calculate the extent of rotational freedom; a 3D simulation (SolidWorks) validated the analytical findings. Polygonal positional indices showed the highest degrees of rotational freedom. The polygonal profile displayed higher positional stability than the polygons, but less positional accuracy than the cam-groove connection. Features of a maximal rotation-safe positional index were determined. The analytical calculation of rotational freedom of implant positional indices is possible. Rotational freedom is dependent on the geometric design of the index and may be decreased by incorporating specific aspects into the positional index design.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Semper
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Navigation and Robotics, Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Kraft
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Navigation and Robotics, Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Krüger
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Navigation and Robotics, Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Nelson
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Navigation and Robotics, Charité-Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Degenhardt P, Pelzer M, Fischer B, Kraft S, Sarioglu N, Mau H, Rüdiger M. Reduction of postoperative adhesions by perfluorocarbons: an experimental study in a rat model. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2009; 19:211-5. [PMID: 19551615 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesions are a well-known and frequently occurring postoperative complication. Many published studies have looked into the prophylaxis of adhesions following abdominal surgery, but only few clinically relevant agents have been reported. Most publications refer to adult patients and not to paediatric patient collectives. This experimental study in a rat model compares the effect of perfluorocarbons as adhesion prophylaxis with those of a well-known anti-adhesive agent Adept and with an untreated control group. We hypothesized that PFC might have a double effect: initially it could suppress the accumulation of monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes, and subsequently it would work as a barrier to prevent contact between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum. After a standardised operation, PFC was injected into the abdominal cavity of rats in the study group. Macroscopically, the PFC group did not fare significantly better, but nevertheless a clear tendency towards fewer adhesions after the application of PFC could be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Degenhardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Kudyakov T, Jochmann A, Zeil K, Kraft S, Finken KH, Schramm U, Willi O. High energy electron crystal spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:076106. [PMID: 19655991 DOI: 10.1063/1.3170508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A spectrometer has been developed to measure relativistic electrons produced in different types of plasmas, such as tokamak plasmas and laser produced plasmas. The spectrometer consists of nine Y2SiO5:Ce crystals, which are shielded by stainless steel filters. The absolute calibration of the spectrometer was performed at the superconducting electron linear accelerator Electron Linac for beams with high Brilliance and low Emittance. The spectrometer can provide information about energy distribution of electrons and their numbers for the energy range between 4 and 30 MeV. The spectrum is analyzed by means of the Monte Carlo three-dimensional GEANT4 code. An energy resolution of about 10% is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kudyakov
- Institut für Laser und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Degenhardt P, Fischer B, Pelzer M, Kraft S, Rüdiger M. Neue Therapieansätze in der Behandlung des postoperativen Adhäsionsileus bei vlbw – ein tierexperimenteller Modell zum Einsatz von PFC zur Adhäsionsprophylaxe. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Günther A, Kraft S, Zimmermann C, Fortágh J. Atom interferometer based on phase coherent splitting of Bose-Einstein condensates with an integrated magnetic grating. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:140403. [PMID: 17501252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.140403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the phase coherent splitting of Bose-Einstein condensates by means of a phase grating produced near the surface of a microelectronic chip. A lattice potential with a period of 4 mum is generated by the superposition of static and oscillating magnetic fields. Precise control of the diffraction is achieved by controlling the currents in the integrated conductors. The interference of overlapping diffraction orders is observed after 8 ms of propagation in a harmonic trap and subsequent ballistic expansion of the atomic ensemble. By analyzing the interference pattern we show a reproducible phase relation between the diffraction orders with an uncertainty limited by the resolution of the diffraction grating.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Günther
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Burkhardt W, Kraft S, Proquitté H, Wauer R, Ochs M, Rüdiger M. Persurf – Eine neue Methode zur Surfactantapplikation: Histologische Evaluation. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-983234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ettelt S, Ruhrmann S, Barnow S, Buthz F, Hochrein A, Meyer K, Kraft S, Reck C, Pukrop R, Klosterkötter J, Falkai P, Maier W, Wagner M, Freyberger HJ, Grabe HJ. Impulsiveness in obsessive-compulsive disorder: results from a family study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007; 115:41-7. [PMID: 17201865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is usually conceptualized as an anxiety disorder some studies suggested it to be a deficit of impulse control. The purpose of this study was to assess impulsiveness in OCD families and compare it to control families. METHOD Seventy cases and their 139 relatives were compared with 70 controls and their 134 relatives from a German family study on OCD (German Epidemiologic Network for OCD Studies). All subjects were interviewed and diagnosed according DSM-IV criteria and were administered the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and PADUA-Inventory to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms. RESULTS OCD subjects had significantly higher scores of cognitive impulsiveness. However, first-degree relatives of OCD cases and of controls had comparable BIS-11 scores. Significant associations of aggressive obsessions and checking with cognitive impulsiveness were found. CONCLUSION OCD is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by a lack of cognitive inhibition. However, impulsiveness does not represent a familial trait in families of OCD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ettelt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Stralsund, Germany.
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27
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Vig M, Peinelt C, Beck A, Koomoa DL, Rabah D, Koblan-Huberson M, Kraft S, Turner H, Fleig A, Penner R, Kinet JP. CRACM1 is a plasma membrane protein essential for store-operated Ca2+ entry. Science 2006; 312:1220-3. [PMID: 16645049 PMCID: PMC5685805 DOI: 10.1126/science.1127883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1074] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry is mediated by Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels following Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. We performed a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in Drosophila cells to identify proteins that inhibit store-operated Ca2+ influx. A secondary patch-clamp screen identified CRACM1 and CRACM2 (CRAC modulators 1 and 2) as modulators of Drosophila CRAC currents. We characterized the human ortholog of CRACM1, a plasma membrane-resident protein encoded by gene FLJ14466. Although overexpression of CRACM1 did not affect CRAC currents, RNAi-mediated knockdown disrupted its activation. CRACM1 could be the CRAC channel itself, a subunit of it, or a component of the CRAC signaling machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vig
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (M.V.); (R.P.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - C. Peinelt
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen’s Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - A. Beck
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen’s Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - D. L. Koomoa
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen’s Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - D. Rabah
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M. Koblan-Huberson
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - S. Kraft
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - H. Turner
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen’s Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - A. Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen’s Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - R. Penner
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen’s Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (M.V.); (R.P.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - J.-P. Kinet
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. (M.V.); (R.P.); (J.-P.K.)
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Abstract
The pathomorphological correlate of Kennedy's disease (KD) is a degeneration of spinal and bulbar alpha-motor neurons. The disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the X-chromosomal androgene receptor gene. Contrary to the common belief that cognitive disorders in motor neuron diseases (MND) are either rare or only mild, there is now an increasing number of case reports on dementia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In ALS, dementia of the frontal lobe type (frontotemporal dementia, FTD) seems to be the characteristic pattern. However, in KD cognitive dysfunction has not been studied systematically. Here we present a case with clinical characteristics of FTD in a patient with genetically confirmed KD. It remains speculative whether there is an association between KD and FTD comparable to a genetic linkage between ALS and FTD, which has been proposed in recent years. However, we suggest that cognitive dysfunction may be more common in KD than reported until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kessler
- Department of Psychiatry, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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29
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Brocks B, Kraft S, Zahn S, Noll S, Pan C, Schauer M, Krebs B. Generation and optimization of human antagonistic antibodies against TIMP-1 as potential therapeutic agents in fibrotic diseases. Hum Antibodies 2006; 15:115-24. [PMID: 17522433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Impaired matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) function, as result of the expression of increased levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), plays an important role in the pathopysiolgical mechanism of fibrosis. In a recently performed clinically relevant rat animal model of established liver fibrosis, it could be shown, that blocking the interaction between the metalloproteinase and its inhibitor has beneficial effects in vivo. The rat TIMP-1 specific antagonistic antibody used in this study was derived from a human combinatorial antibody library (HuCAL) and blocks the interaction between rat TIMP-1 and MMP-13, the rat homologue of human MMP-1. We here describe the utilization of the same antibody source to generate fully human antibodies against human TIMP-1 which could be potential candidates for a therapy of fibrosis in man. In order to develop a highly potent antagonist of TIMP-1 action, antibodies isolated from the library were subjected to a number of different in vitro affinity maturation strategies. By these means, affinity and potency were improved by a factor of 87 and 65 fold, respectively, resulting in a valuable human therapeutic antibody candidate with a monovalent affinity of 150 pM and a potency for in vitro inhibition of TIMP-1/MMP-1 interaction of 200 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Brocks
- MorphoSys AG, Lena-Christ-Str. 48, 82152 Martinsried/Planegg, Germany
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Günther A, Kraft S, Kemmler M, Koelle D, Kleiner R, Zimmermann C, Fortágh J. Diffraction of a Bose-Einstein condensate from a magnetic lattice on a microchip. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:170405. [PMID: 16383802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.170405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the diffraction of a Bose-Einstein condensate from a magnetic lattice, realized by a set of 372 parallel gold conductors which are microfabricated on a silicon substrate. The conductors generate a periodic potential for the atoms with a lattice constant of 4 microm. After exposing the condensate to the lattice for several milliseconds we observe diffraction up to fifth order by standard time of flight imaging techniques. The experimental data can be quantitatively interpreted with a simple phase imprinting model. The demonstrated diffraction grating offers promising perspectives for the construction of an integrated atom interferometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Günther
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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31
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Kraft S, Scherk H, Kemmer C, Schneider-Axmann T, Falkai P, Gruber O. Neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder compared to bipolar affective disorder and a healthy control group. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Parsons CJ, Bradford BU, Pan CQ, Cheung E, Schauer M, Knorr A, Krebs B, Kraft S, Zahn S, Brocks B, Feirt N, Mei B, Cho MS, Ramamoorthi R, Roldan G, Ng P, Lum P, Hirth-Dietrich C, Tomkinson A, Brenner DA. Antifibrotic effects of a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 antibody on established liver fibrosis in rats. Hepatology 2004; 40:1106-15. [PMID: 15389776 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by increased synthesis, and decreased degradation, of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the injured tissue. Decreased ECM degradation results, in part, from increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), which blocks matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. TIMP-1 is also involved in promoting survival of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a major source of ECM. This study examined the effects of blocking TIMP-1 activity in a clinically relevant model of established liver fibrosis. Rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), or olive oil control, for 6 weeks; 24 days into the treatment, the rats were administered a neutralizing anti-TIMP-1 antibody derived from a fully human combinatorial antibody library (HuCAL), PBS, or an isotype control antibody. Livers from CCl(4)-treated rats exhibited substantial damage, including bridging fibrosis, inflammation, and extensive expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA). Compared to controls, rats administered anti-TIMP-1 showed a reduction in collagen accumulation by histological examination and hydroxyproline content. Administration of anti-TIMP-1 resulted in a marked decrease in alpha-SMA staining. Zymography analysis showed antibody treatment decreased the activity of MMP-2. In conclusion, administration of a TIMP-1 antibody attenuated CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis and decreased HSC activation and MMP-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Parsons
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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33
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Heimbach B, Kraft S, Behrens H, Winkler G, Sach M, Koch U, Weiller C. Beurteilung ambulanter Physiotherapie bei Hereditärer Spastischer Spinalparalyse (HSP) aus der Sicht Betroffener. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Eckoldt F, Heling KS, Woderich R, Kraft S, Bollmann R, Mau H. Meconium peritonitis and pseudo-cyst formation: prenatal diagnosis and post-natal course. Prenat Diagn 2004; 23:904-8. [PMID: 14634976 DOI: 10.1002/pd.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intra-uterine bowel perforation can occur secondary to a variety of abnormalities and cause sterile peritonitis in the fetus (generalised = type I). If sealing of the perforation does not take place, a thick-walled pseudo-cyst can form (type II). METHODS Over a 12-year period, 21 616 pregnancies were screened for gastro-intestinal malformations using prenatal ultrasound. We identified 1077 cases suspicious of surgically correctable malformations. Post-natal diagnoses and outcome were worked up retrospectively. RESULT We found 96 fetuses with suspected gastro-intestinal malformations. Prenatal bowel perforation with meconium peritonitis was confirmed in 11 cases. In 5 of these 11, the correct diagnosis had been predicted prenatally. One child presented as a fetal and neonatal emergency (case report). Ten of the eleven infants were operated on during their first day of life. Intra-operative findings were atresia (n = 4), meconium ileus (n = 6) and no obvious cause (n = 1). Two children suffered fatal complications. CONCLUSION Meconium peritonitis and meconium pseudo-cysts as its special manifestation are assessable by prenatal diagnosis but present in different ways. They can present as fetal ascites or echogenic bowel and cause fetal or neonatal distress, requiring close observation and highly specialised care.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eckoldt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsfrauenklinik der Medizinischen Fakultät (Charité), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Allam JP, Geiger E, Kraft S, Bieber T. Limited reliability of E-cadherin as a specific marker for in vitro-generated Langerhans cells. Arch Dermatol Res 2003; 295:263-8. [PMID: 12955536 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-003-0423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2002] [Revised: 04/02/2003] [Accepted: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) are a unique population of dendritic cells (DC) found in the epidermis where they can be identified by the expression of CD1a, E-cadherin and cytoplasmic Birbeck granules (BG) as their hallmark. Over the past years many techniques have been described to generate LC in vitro from either monocytes or CD34(+) hematopoietic cell progenitors. Antibodies against Lag and Langerin (two epitopes associated with BG) and E-cadherin (a Ca(2+)-dependent homophilic adhesion molecule) have been used to detect in vitro-generated LC. In this study we investigated whether the expression of E-cadherin on in vitro-generated CD1a(+) from either CD34(+) cells or monocytes is able to discriminate LC from other DC. Our results demonstrate that E-cadherin alone is not a reliable marker to specifically identify in vitro-generated LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Allam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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36
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Ott H, Fortágh J, Kraft S, Günther A, Komma D, Zimmermann C. Nonlinear dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a magnetic waveguide. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:040402. [PMID: 12906647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the internal and external dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an anharmonic magnetic waveguide. An oscillating condensate experiences a strong coupling between the center of mass motion and the internal collective modes. Because of the anharmonicity of the magnetic potential, not only the center of mass motion shows harmonic frequency generation, but also the internal dynamics exhibit nonlinear frequency mixing. Thereby, the condensate shows shape oscillations with an extremely large change in the aspect ratio of up to a factor of 10. We describe the data with a theoretical model to high accuracy. For strong excitations we test the experimental data for indications of a chaotic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ott
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
The high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE), FcepsilonRI, plays a central role in the initiation and control of atopic allergic inflammation. On mast cells and basophils, the function of the receptor is well known and constitutes cellular degranulation and the release of various mediators. FcepsilonRI on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), however, does not lead to degranulation of preformed granula, but has different functions: signal transduction pathways like the activation of NF-kappaB are initiated to induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression. In addition, FcepsilonRI on APCs acts as an allergen-focusing structure and can efficiently amplify allergen presentation in an IgE-dependent manner. Recently, we and others have gained new insight into the regulation and function of FcepsilonRI on APCs, which has shed new light on the modulating effects of the immune system in atopic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D von Bubnoff
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany.
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38
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Abstract
We report on an undefined tumor of the right ulnar side of the elbow in a 15-year-old boy. The clinical examination showed painful swelling in the area of the ulnar nerve at the right elbow as well as sensory and motor deficits of the right hand corresponding to distribution of the ulnar nerve. Ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor along the nerve. Subsequent surgical therapy included tumor decompression by division of the fascia. The histological examination demonstrated a capillary hemangioma that infiltrated the ulnar nerve.After surgery, oral glucocorticoid therapy with cortisone (5 mg/kg per day) was administered over a period of 4 weeks, alternating between 1 week of therapy and 1 week without medication. The result of this combined therapy was a rapid diminution of the tumor and an almost complete restitution of the neural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kraft
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin.
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Mudrich M, Kraft S, Singer K, Grimm R, Mosk A, Weidemüller M. Sympathetic cooling with two atomic species in an optical trap. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:253001. [PMID: 12097086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We simultaneously trap ultracold lithium and cesium atoms in an optical dipole trap formed by the focus of a CO2 laser and study the exchange of thermal energy between the gases. The optically cooled cesium gas efficiently decreases the temperature of the lithium gas through sympathetic cooling. Equilibrium temperatures down to 25 microK have been reached. The measured cross section for thermalizing 133Cs-7Li collisions is 8 x 10(-12) cm(2), for both species unpolarized in their lowest hyperfine ground state. Besides thermalization, we observe evaporation of lithium purely through elastic cesium-lithium collisions (sympathetic evaporation).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
IgE receptors are implicated as important components of the immunological pathway in allergic and inflammatory diseases. Recent investigations have begun to unravel the structure, signal transduction and function of IgE receptors from different cell types in rodent and human systems. Studies of the mechanisms involved might provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention strategies in the treatment of allergic and hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Novak
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, D-53105, Bonn, Germany
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Novak N, Haberstok J, Kraft S, Siekmann L, Allam JP, Bieber T. Standardized extracts from Chinese herbs induce IL-10 production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and alter their differentiation in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:588-93. [PMID: 11590386 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.118597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a treatment for atopic dermatitis has been evaluated in clinical trials. Until now, the underlying mechanism of this treatment has remained completely elusive; this is particularly true of its putative effects on dendritic cells (DCs), which might play a pivotal role in the disease. OBJECTIVE We investigated the influence of a standardized extract from 10 Chinese herbs that was successfully used in clinical trials on the generation of monocyte-derived DCs from atopic donors. METHODS Detailed phenotypic and functional exploration of DCs generated in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF and treated with different concentrations of TCM or a placebo control was performed. RESULTS TCM profoundly affected the morphology and phenotype of the developing DCs. They lost their typical dendritic morphology and decreased their expression of CD1a as well as the low-affinity IgE receptor CD23. Most importantly, TCM-exposed DCs exhibited a diminished stimulatory activity toward autologous antigen-specific and allogeneic T cells while secreting high amounts of IL-10. CONCLUSION TCM induces immunopharmacologic alterations on DCs from atopic donors in vitro. These alterations might account, at least in part, for the therapeutic effect of this treatment in AD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Novak
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
The Cache River of southernmost Illinois is used as a case study for developing and demonstrating an approach to quantitatively link (1) national agricultural policy and global agricultural markets, (2) landowner's decisions on land use, (3) spatial patterns of land use at a watershed scale, and (4) hydrologic impacts, thus providing a basis to predict, under a certain set of circumstances, the environmental consequences of economic and political decisions made at larger spatial scales. The heart of the analysis is an estimation, using logistic regression, of the affect of crop prices and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) rental rates on farmland owner's decisions whether to reenroll in the CRP or return to crop production. This analysis shows that reasonable ranges for crop prices (80%-150% of 1985-1995 values) and CRP rental rates (0-125% of 1985-1995 rates) result in a range of 3%-92% of CRP lands being returned to crop production, with crop prices having a slightly greater effect than CRP rental rates. Four crop price/CRP rental rate scenarios are used to display resulting land-use patterns, and their effect on sediment loads, a critical environmental quality parameter in this case, using the agricultural non point source (AGNPS) model. These scenarios demonstrate the importance of spatial pattern of land uses on hydrological and ecological processes within watersheds. The approach developed can be adapted for use by local governments and watershed associations whose goals are to improve watershed resources and environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lant
- Department of Geography, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 62901-4514, USA.
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Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) bearing high-affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilon RI) efficiently present IgE-bound antigens to T cells. Fc epsilon RI expression is upregulated on APC from atopic donors, especially in inflamed tissues. These data suggest a pathophysiological concept of an IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in atopic diseases. However, Fc epsilon RI ligation also leads to the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and other molecules involved in inflammatory reactions. The investigation of transcription factors mediating these effects has only recently commenced. In general, members of the NF-kappa B family are known to regulate APC function and differentiation, with the RelB subunit being especially important in DC generation. In addition, Ikaros and PU.1 have also been shown to be essential factors for DC differentiation, whereas Oct-2 is upregulated by differentiation towards macrophages. Recently, Fc epsilon RI has been demonstrated to induce NF-kappa B activation via I kappa B-alpha serine phosphorylation and degradation in monocytes and DC. Inhibitors of NF-kappa B activation such as N-acetylcysteine or N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone can suppress Fc epsilon RI-induced TNF-alpha and MCP-1 release. Interestingly, in human epidermal Langerhans' cells (LC), NF-kappa B activation can only be observed when large amounts of Fc epsilon RI are present. In addition, the composition of NF-kappa B complexes differs between monocytes, monocyte-derived DC and LC, suggesting a cell type-specific regulation. Moreover, the transcription factor NFAT is induced upon Fc epsilon RI ligation in human APC. The elucidation of further transcription factors involved in Fc epsilon RI signaling in APC should contribute to the employment of new inhibition strategies for the treatment of atopic and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kraft
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.
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Panhans-Gross A, Novak N, Kraft S, Bieber T. Human epidermal Langerhans' cells are targets for the immunosuppressive macrolide tacrolimus (FK506). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107:345-52. [PMID: 11174203 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunosuppressive macrolide tacrolimus (FK506) has been shown to inhibit allergic contact dermatitis in animal models as well as in human beings. More recently, successful treatment of atopic dermatitis with an ointment containing tacrolimus has been reported. OBJECTIVES We explored the effects of this compound on epidermal Langerhans' cells (LCs), which are known to play an important pathophysiologic role in inflammatory skin diseases. METHODS The expression of the intracellular FK506 binding protein (FKBP12) was monitored on freshly isolated and cultured epidermal LCs. Phenotyping and functional exploration of LCs treated with different concentrations of tacrolimus and beta-methasone valerate (betaMv) were performed. RESULTS FKBP12 is expressed in freshly isolated LCs but is lost while they are maturating into mature dendritic cells. Tacrolimus inhibited the expression of IL-2R (CD25) and of the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD40. Expression of MHC class I and II was also affected, whereas CD86 (B7.2) expression was not altered. In contrast, betaMv strongly increased the expression of CD25. Paradoxically, while decreasing CD40 and MHC class I expression, betaMv significantly increased the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 on cultured LCs but impaired their allostimulatory activity. Tacrolimus was about 100 times more potent than betaMv at inhibiting LC stimulatory function. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus can exert immunopharmacologic alterations on LCs, which may account, at least in part, for the therapeutic effect of this compound in eczematous skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panhans-Gross
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
In contrast to mast cells and basophils, the high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on antigen-presenting cells (APC) shows structural and functional differences. It consists only of a minimal structure of one alpha- and two gamma-chains and enables APC to efficiently take up and present antigen in IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions that are thought to play a pivotal role in atopic diseases. However, recent studies of FcepsilonRI signal transduction and function on APC suggest additional mechanisms by which FcepsilonRI engagement on APC could affect inflammatory reactions. FcepsilonRI ligation is able to induce major signaling events like protein tyrosine kinase activation including p72(syk) leading to PLC-gamma1 phosphorylation and consecutive calcium influx. Late signaling events like the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB provide a link to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Th-polarizing factors such as IL-12 and the induction of antiapoptotic factors. FcepsilonRI-mediated IL-10 production in monocytes could also influence their differentiation. Since there are hints that in vivo a functional FcepsilonRI signaling pathway only exists in individuals from an atopic background, we suggest that these unexpected mechanisms may have an effect on inflammatory reactions in atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kraft
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
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Rehm S, Kraft S. Electronic medical records: the FPM vendor survey. Fam Pract Manag 2001; 8:45-54. [PMID: 11317858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Bieber T, Kraft S, Geiger E, Wollenberg A, Koch S, Novak N. Fc [correction of Ec] epsilon RI expressing dendritic cells: the missing link in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis? J Dermatol 2000; 27:698-9. [PMID: 11138534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with increasing incidence and socio-economical relevance. The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds and different diagnostic criteria sets have been established. The majority of all AD cases is associated with a sensitization to environmental allergens and increased serum IgE (so-called extrinsic AD), but about 10--30% of all cases suffer from the so-called intrinsic AD, which obviously lacks any link to the classical atopic diathesis. The genetic background of AD has been investigated by target gene approach by different groups with mostly contradictory results for each of the genes under study. An imbalance in the spectrum of Th1/Th2 responses, a disturbed prostaglandin metabolism, intrinsic defects in keratinocyte function, delayed eosinophil apoptosis, IgE-mediated facilitated antigen presentation by epidermal dendritic cells, a two phase model of the inflammatory response and staphylococcal superantigen effects are among the currently studied pathogenetical aspects of extrinsic AD, which are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Monocytes have a limited life span, and their homeostasis is regulated by apoptosis in vivo. When cultured in the absence of appropriate exogenous stimuli, they undergo apoptosis, but under the influence of survival signals, these cells differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. Here we show that ligation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on human monocytes from nonatopic individuals markedly reduces apoptosis induced by serum deprivation or by CD95/Fas ligation. Aggregation of FcepsilonRI reduces its own expression but fails to modulate CD95/Fas expression. In contrast, FcepsilonRI ligation enhances the expression of the antiapoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but not Mcl-1, in monocytes. Incubation of unstimulated cells with culture supernatants of FcepsilonRI-activated monocytes prolongs their life span, whereas CD95/Fas expression remains unaffected. The incidence of apoptosis is restored considerably when the supernatant is depleted of TNF-alpha, whereas elimination of IL-1beta, GM-CSF, or IL-12 has no effect. These results indicate that FcepsilonRI mediates signals preventing monocyte apoptosis directly by increasing the levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and indirectly by means of TNF-alpha in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. This process may contribute to the establishment of chronic allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn 53105, Germany
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Geiger E, Magerstaedt R, Wessendorf JH, Kraft S, Hanau D, Bieber T. IL-4 induces the intracellular expression of the alpha chain of the high-affinity receptor for IgE in in vitro-generated dendritic cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105:150-6. [PMID: 10629465 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(00)90190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings have shown that the surface expression of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) on human CD1a(+) Langerhans cells (LC) and related dendritic cells (DC) in the skin, despite a constant intracellular expression of its alpha chain (FcepsilonRIalpha), is highly up-regulated in atopic dermatitis. Moreover, this surface expression correlates with the IgE serum level, strongly suggesting yet-to-be-defined common signals in the regulation of FcepsilonRI display on LC/DC and IgE synthesis. OBJECTIVES In this study we examined the influence of different cytokines on the expression of FcepsilonRI on in vitro-generated CD1a(+) LC/DC. METHODS CD34(+) precursor cells were isolated from cord blood with use of high-gradient magnetic cell sorting, cultured with GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-4, or IFN-gamma, and surface and cytoplasmic staining for flow cytometry were performed. RESULTS IL-4 strongly enhanced the generation of CD1a(+) LC/DC and also up-regulated the expression of the skin-homing structures E-cadherin and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen. In contrast, IFN-gamma was found to suppress the E-cadherin expression and to be a strong antagonist of IL-4 by inhibiting the production of CD1a(+) cells. Most important, IL-4 induced the cytoplasmic expression of FcepsilonRIalpha in CD1a(+) LC/DC but not its surface expression. This up-regulation was antagonized by IFN-gamma. CONCLUSION IL-4 is not only a key cytokine in the regulation of IgE but also induces the expression of its receptor binding chain as well as up-regulation of skin homing molecules on LC/DC. Expression of these structures during generation of LC/DC reflects the in vivo situation encountered in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Geiger
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
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