Re/Ir@Os-doping induced insulator-to-metal transition in Mott-insulator Ca2FeOsO6: octahedral distortion effects

Regardless of several investigations to elucidate the ground state of the strongly correlated electron systems in doped Mott-insulators (MIs), the origin of the doping-induced insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) remains a crucial and debatable subject in solid-state physics. Herein, we explore the consequences of Re/Ir-doping at the Os-site (Re/Ir@Os), on the physical properties of the MI ferrimagnetic (FiM) Ca2FeOsO6 double perovskite oxides using density functional theory calculations. The doped structures' solidity is analyzed by computing the defect formation energies in terms of the dopant-rich situation, which confirms their growth credibility at ambient conditions along with mechanical and dynamical stabilities. Various FiM spin-ordering is taken into account in the doped structures to analyze the magnetic ground state, which is FiM-I/FiM-II in the Re/Ir@Os-doped system. Remarkably, an IMT is predicted in the Re/Ir@Os-doped structures, which is due to the admixture of the partially occupied 5d orbitals of these ions. The calculated partial spin magnetic moments (ms) of +4.12, -1.58, -0.75 and +0.88μB on the Fe, Os, Re, and Ir ions, endorse the +3, +5, +5, and +4 states having electronic configurations of t32g↑t02g↓e2g↑e0g↓, t32g↑t02g↓e0g↑e0g↓, t22g↑t02g↓e0g↑e0g↓, t32g↑t22g↓e0g↑e0g↓, respectively. The "+" and "-" signs on the ions ms values, lead the systems into various FiM magnetic ordering. Moreover, the estimated Curie temperature (TC) using the Heisenberg model in the pristine structure is 334 K, which is close to the experimentally observed value of 320 K along with a colossal uniaxial magneto crystalline anisotropy energy constant (K) of 2.95 × 107 erg cm-3 having the easy magnetic axis of the ac-plane ([101]). It is established that TC/K reduces and enhances to 298 K/1.33 × 107 erg cm-3 and 365 K/4.71 × 107 erg cm-3 for the Re@Os and Ir@Os-doped motif due to an increase and decrease in the octahedral distortions compared to that of the pristine system, respectively.

Insulator-to-metal transition, magnetic anisotropy, and improved TC in a ferrimagnetic La2CoIrO6: strain influence

The elegant interactions between Coulomb repulsion and spin-orbit coupling in Ir-based double perovskite oxides (DPO) normally induce peculiar magnetic behavior. Herein, we investigate the effect of the development of biaxial [110] strain on the formation energetics, and electronic and magnetic properties of the La2CoIrO6 DPO employing density functional theory calculations. Our results reveal that the unstrained motif is a Mott-insulator achieving an energy band gap of 0.35 eV with a ferrimagnetic (FiM) ground state, which essentially arises due to anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between the half-occupied Co t2g and partially occupied Ir t2g/empty eg orbitals via oxygen 2p states. Along with this, it is found that [001] (c-axis) is the easy magnetic axis, which results in 12.5 meV total energy per u.c., obtaining a large anisotropy constant of 0.8 × 108 erg cm-3. The computed partial spin-magnetic moments on the Co/Ir ion are 2.64/-0.46 μB, where the negative sign on the Ir ion moment confirms the AFM interactions between them. Additionally, the t2g/eg and t2g orbital characteristics of Co2+ and Ir4+ ions are visible in the spin-magnetization density isosurfaces plot, respectively. Likewise, the estimated Curie temperature (TC) using the Heisenberg model is 104 K, which is in agreement with the experimentally observed value of 94/97 K. Interestingly, an insulator-to-metal transition is achieved at a critical compressive strain of -6% with a robust FiM state, where the Co 3dxy and Ir 5dx2-y2 orbitals are mainly responsible for metallicity. Simultaneously, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and TC can be sufficiently enhanced by applying compressive strain due to enhancement in the structural distortions. So this work suggested that the strain strategy is an efficient approach to tuning the properties of the compounds for their feasible realization in spintronics.

Organoleptic characteristics and compositional profile of meat of growing Japanese quail fed different levels of poultry byproducts compost

The poultry industry generates a lot of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter. Poultry waste should never be disposed of improperly because it can seriously harm the environment. The waste can be recycled as a feedstock for use in poultry feed by composting the litter and deceased birds. The compositional profile and organoleptic properties of the meat of growing Japanese quail were examined over the course of a 4-week trial to ascertain the effect of adding compost to the diet. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 1200 newly hatched quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into five treatment groups (diets with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% compost), each consisting of 40 birds with six replicates. The addition of compost to the diet had no noticeable effects on the organoleptic qualities of appearance, color, aroma, taste, texture, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability (P>0.05). The compositional profile characteristics for chicks given compost at any level compared to chicks fed the control diet showed no differences (P>0.05). These findings suggest that the sensory characteristics and compositional profile of growing meat quails can be maintained when fed diets including up to 10% compost.

Assessing effect of feeding poultry byproducts compost on organoleptic characteristics and compositional profile of meat of broiler chickens

Large amounts of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter, are produced by the poultry industry. Poultry waste should be disposed of properly to avoid major pollution and health risks. Composting litter and dead birds could be an option to recycle the waste and use in poultry feed. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding composted poultry waste on the organoleptic qualities and compositional profile of the meat of broiler chickens. A total of 300 day-old broiler chicks (500-Cobb) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups replicated six times with 10 birds each, under a completely randomized design (CRD). Five iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets including composted poultry byproducts at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were fed ad libitum to the birds from day 0 to day 35. The sensory grading and meat composition profile of 500 Cobb broiler chickens were tested at 35 days of age. The findings showed that there were no variations in the sensory profiles of the meat from birds given various diets (P>0.05). Although the results were somewhat lower for the chicks fed compost-containing diets than for the control group, this difference was deemed to be insignificant (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no variations in the compositional profile values of the meat between meat from birds fed various diets (P>0.05). These findings imply that broiler chickens may be raised on diets containing up to 10% poultry byproduct compost without any negative impacts on the meat's sensory quality or composition. Additionally, using compost into broiler diets may help to lower the cost of feed.

DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOUR THERAPY FOR CSA-RELATED PTSD AMONG YOUNG ADOLESCENTS: A SINGLE CASE STUDY

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a pervasive and traumatic experience that can lead to long-lasting and profound psychological costs, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among young adolescents. This single case study explores the application of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) as ground-breaking therapeutic approach for the treatment of child sexual abuse related PTSD in this vulnerable population. DBT found to be effective in treating CSA related PTSD, according to a growing body of research. This case study presents the course of treatment of 13 years old girl with CSA-related PTSD who received Dialectical Behaviour Therapy as treatment. In this instance, the client reacted to the therapy and displayed positive changes. Following the treatment, the client's PTSD criteria were no longer met, evidenced by substantial drops on the scale used for evaluation. The article discusses the treatment implications of DBT and how well it treats children with PTSD related to CSA.

Decompressive Craniectomy for the Treatment of Severe Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background  Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading public health problems across the world. TBI is associated with high economic costs to the healthcare system specially in developing countries. Decompressive craniectomy is a procedure in which an area of the skull is removed to increase the volume of intracranial compartment. There are various techniques of decompressive craniectomy used that include subtemporal and circular decompression, and unilateral or bilateral frontotemporoparietal decompression. Objective  The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of decompressive craniectomy for the management of severe TBI versus conservative management alone at the Department of Neurosurgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Methods  The study (randomized controlled trial) was conducted from February 1, 2014, till June 30, 2017. Results  A total of 136 patients were included after following the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to two groups, making it 68 patients in each study group. There were 89 males and 47 females. All the patients received standard care recommended by the Brain Trauma Foundation. The mortality rate observed at 6 months in decompressive craniectomy was 22.05%, while among conservative management group, it was 45.58%. Difference in mortality of both groups at 6 months was significant. Total 61.76% (42) of patients from decompressive craniectomy group had a favorable outcome (Glasgow outcome scale: 4-5) at 6 months. While among conservative management group, total 35.29% (24) had a favorable outcome (Glasgow outcome scale: 4-5). Difference in Glasgow outcome scale at 6 months of both groups was significant. Conclusion  In conclusion, decompressive craniectomy is simple, safe, and better than conservative management alone.

Cardio-Oncology: a medical specialty in constant growth and evolution. the 10-year experience of the first cardio-oncology service in the United Kingdom

Introduction

Survivorship has increased significantly in cancer patients with the advent of novel therapies. However, this improvement has been at the cost of higher rates of cardiotoxicity. Cardiovascular disease has become the main cause of death or cancer therapy interruption in many of these patients. The need for specialist services to deal with these emerging problems has led to global development of many Cardio-Oncology services.

Objectives

To describe how a Cardio-Oncology service has grown and evolved over a 10 year period in response to the constantly changing oncological landscape.

Methods and results

Prospective, single center, study of cancer patients referred to our service from February 2011 to December 2021. 1499 patients were referred to the service. Mean age was 60 years (SD: 15) and 60% were female. CV risk factors including hypertension (32%), dyslipidaemia (12%) and diabetes (6%) were common.

The most frequent primary tumour location was breast (427 patients, 28%), followed by haematological (151, 10%) and gastrointestinal tract (114, 8%). The average number of referrals per month increased 6 fold from 2011, from 3.3 patients per month to 21 patients in 2021. In the last 5 years there was a 10 fold increase in the number of outpatient consultations from 189 consultations in 2016 to 1988 consultations in 2021.

The most frequent reason for referral was pre-treatment assessment (39%), followed by cancer therapy related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) (33%) and other acute cancer therapy related CV diseases (CTR-CVDs) (22%). From 2011 to 2017 CTRCD was the main CTR-CVD due to anthracycline and trastuzumab. This ratio changed in 2018 when other CTR-CVDs became the most frequent referral reason following pre-treatment assessment. Patients referred to our service were or had been, mostly under medical therapy alone or in combination with surgery or radiotherapy (1058 patients, 70%), anthracyclines being the predominant treatment (435 patients, 40%). Targeted therapies and immune check point inhibitors became more popular in the last two years (2020–2021). A multivariable logistic regression model was built to assess the relation between the medical treatment and the prevalence of CTRCD vs other CTR-CVDs. Anthracyclines and HER2 therapy are independently associated with a higher prevalence of CTRCD while tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors increase the risk of other CTR-CVDs e.g. hypertension, arrhythmias and myocarditis.

Conclusions

Cardio-Oncology has rapidly evolved from its origin as a subspecialty of heart failure medicine, to a diverse medical specialty that encompasses many different domains of cardiology. Future cardio-oncology services should reflect this and be dynamic, collaborating with cardiac sub-specialities as necessary. Provision of cardio-oncology services requires a considerable knowledge and understanding of the ever growing and changing oncology therapies.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.

Effect of risperidone on the cravings of patients with methamphetamine use disorder

Introduction

Methamphetamine associated psychosis has increased globally because of the increased usage of the substance. The use of risperidone is noted to reduce the cravings of methamphetamine in patients who have methamphetamine use disorder. This becomes relevant because the number of patients who are being treated with MAP tends to have high relapse rates. MAP is being treated with different antipsychotics and the treatment protocol is made usually for alleviating the symptoms, a formal treatment regimen for patients with MAP is yet to be developed (Chiang et al 2018; Srisurapanont 2021; Edwards and Mooney 2014)

Objectives

The purpose of this review is to highlight the use of risperidone in reducing the cravings of methamphetamine in patients who have methamphetamine use disorder

Methods

PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science literature databases were screened and filtered.With established Inclusion and exclusion criteria, obtained a total of 15578 hits which was refined to 133articles. A total of 10papers were reviewed in detail

Results

Multiple clinical trials have shown that risperidone was effective in lowering drug cravings in methamphetamine use disorder. Along with the effects on craving, risperidone has also been studied for its effect on positive symptoms in patients with MAP (Samei 2016). Risperidone was noted to be effective in reducing positive symptoms.

Conclusions

Risperidone can be effectively used in the acute setting for psychosis and future cravings in the patients. Considering the limited clinical trials and research on risperidone and the cravings of methamphetamine use disorder, studies are needed with longer follow-ups and more samples in the future.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Olanzapine and its use for methamphetamine-induced psychosis

Introduction

Over time the prevalence of methamphetamine associated psychosis (MAP) has increased globally including Asia and Europe. Shoptaw et al looked at an RCT and concluded that olanzapine is superior to haloperidol in terms of tolerability and the side effect profile as it causes fewer extrapyramidal symptoms. Another study by Xue et al compared the efficacy of olanzapine and haloperidol and found that they had comparable effects but the onset time in the olanzapine group was significantly earlier than the haloperidol group. Srisurapanont et al analyzed 6 RCTs and concluded that quetiapine and olanzapine are probably superior than aripiprazole and risperidone.

Objectives

The purpose of this review is to find out if olanzapine is better than other antipsychotics in treating methamphetamine-induced psychosis.

Methods

PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science literature databases were screened and filtered by using specific search terms, inclusion/exclusion criteria. Texts of the selected articles and trials were reviewed and the search terms generated a total of 248 results from the databases. After applying the criteria 200 citations were left and 15 papers were reviewed.

Results

The literature review concluded that olanzapine can be used as an effective treatment for methamphetamine-induced psychosis. Olanzapine can help to reduce the psychotic symptoms in MAP with a quicker onset and lesser side effects.

Conclusions

Olanzapine can help in the treatment of methamphetamine-associated psychosis and can be considered as the first-line therapy. Research is further needed with a higher pool of candidates in the future to compare the efficacy and tolerability of different typical and atypical antipsychotics.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Real Time-PCR coupled with melt curve analysis for detecting the authenticity of camel milk

The study evaluated the use of Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- PCR) to detect the adulteration of camel milk with goat, cow milk. DNA was isolated from camel milk, camel milk powder, camel milk soap, cow milk, and goat milk using DNA extraction kit. RT- PCR amplified a single piece of DNA into millions of copies. The camel specific primers were designed using the primer- 3 online software and quantification of the isolated DNA was carried out by RT- PCR system through DNA standard curves and cycle threshold (Ct) values. The detection limit of DNA template was in the range of 0.001-0.002%. The reaction mixture (20μL) contained 10 μL SYBR Green master mix, 0.3 μL of 10 μM of each primer and 5 μL DNA. Thermal cycling consisted of an initial denaturation at 95 °C for 1 min, followed by 40 cycles for 15 s at 95 °C and 60 °C for 30 s. The primer pairs used were confirmed for their PCR efficiency, and specific products were evaluated by melt curve analysis. Results indicated positive amplification for the camel milk, camel milk powder, and camel milk soap but negative amplification for cow and goat milk. In conclusion, the RT- PCR based identification is a low cost and appropriate method for camel milk and its products. Although, the yield of DNA from camel milk soap after isolation is low but the isolated DNA segment was easily identified.

Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole)

The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Outcomes and resource utilization of atrial fibrillation hospitalizations with type 2 myocardial infarction

Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are often elderly and have higher rates of comorbidities which may predispose them to an increased risk of myocardial oxygen demand-supply mismatch. Scarce data exist on the prognostic impact of type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) in AF.

Purpose

To examine the association of type 2 MI with outcomes and resource utilization in primary AF hospitalizations.

Methods

We utilized the Nationwide Readmission Database 2018 to identify primary AF hospitalizations with and without type 2 MI. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes I48.0, I48.1, I48.2, I48.91 were utilized to identify primary AF hospitalizations within the United States. Of these, AF hospitalizations complicated by type 2 MI were identified using ICD-10 code I21.A1. Comorbidities and outcomes were identified using the corresponding ICD-10 codes. Complex samples multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to determine the association between type 2 MI and outcomes (in-hospital mortality, index length of stay [LOS], hospital costs, discharge to nursing facility, and 30-day all-cause readmissions). Predictors of in-hospital mortality in AF with type 2 MI were also determined.

Results

Of 382,896 primary AF hospitalizations included in this study, 7,375 (1.9%) had type 2 MI. Compared to AF hospitalization without type 2 MI, those with type 2 MI are older (74.5 vs. 70.7-years-old) and have higher prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, neurological disorders, deficiency anemia, coagulopathy, valvular disease, prior myocardial infarction, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, and prior cerebrovascular accident (P for all <0.001). AF with type 2 MI is associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality (1.3% vs. 0.5%; P<0.001), LOS (4.1 vs. 3.3 days; P<0.001), hospital costs ($10,293.6 vs. $8,820.3; P<0.001), discharges to nursing facility (18.1% vs. 10.2%; P<0.001), and 30-day all-cause readmissions (18.5% vs. 13.5%; P=0.001) compared to AF hospitalizations without type 2 MI (Table 1). Heart failure, chronic kidney disease, neurological disorders, and age (per year) were identified as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among AF patients with type 2 MI (Figure 1).

Conclusion

In this large nationwide analysis, type 2 MI in the setting of AF hospitalization is associated with higher in-hospital mortality and increased resource utilization compared to AF hospitalizations without type 2 MI.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1

Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes of type 2 myocardial infarction in patients with acute ischemic stroke in the united states

Background

Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) due to supply-demand mismatch may occur as a sequala of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, scarce data exits on the patient profiles and the prognostic impact of type 2 MI on outcomes of AIS.

Purpose

To determine the risk profiles and examine the association of type 2 MI with outcomes and resource utilization in primary AIS hospitalizations.

Methods

We utilized the Nationwide Readmission Database from October 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018 to identify primary AIS hospitalizations with and without type 2 MI in the United States. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes I63.x were utilized to identify patients with AIS. Complex samples multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to determine the predictors of type 2 MI and the association with outcomes (in-hospital mortality, poor functional outcomes [defined as a composite of mortality or discharge to hospice or to a long-term facility], index length of stay, hospital costs, discharge to nursing facility, and 30-day all-cause readmissions).

Results

Of 587,550 AIS hospitalizations included in this study, 4,182 (0.71%) had type 2 MI. Compared to AIS hospitalization without type 2 MI, those with type 2 MI were older (73 years vs. 70 years; P<0.001), more likely to be females (52% vs. 49.7%; P<0.001), and had a higher prevalence of heart failure (32% vs. 15.5%; P<0.001), atrial fibrillation (38.5% vs. 24.2%; P<0.001), prior myocardial infarction (8.8% vs. 7.7%; P<0.001), valvular heart disease (17% vs. 9.8%; P<0.001), peripheral vascular disease (12.2% vs. 9.2%; P<0.001), chronic kidney disease (24.4% vs. 16.7%; P<0.001), neurological disorders (49.3% vs. 34.6%; P<0.001), drug abuse (4.9% vs. 4.1%; P=0.04), chronic liver disease (2.6% vs. 1.7%; P<0.001), chronic lung disease (18.1% vs. 15.8%; P<0.001), anemia (4.3% vs. 2.8%; P<0.001), and weight loss (9.7% vs. 4.4%; P<0.001). Compared with their counterparts without type 2 MI, AIS with type 2 MI had significantly higher in-hospital mortality, poor functional outcomes, hospital costs, rate of discharge to nursing facility, length of stay, and rate of 30-day all-cause readmissions (Table 1). Heart failure, weight loss, neurological disorders, drug abuse, valvular heart disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, and age (per year) were identified as independent predictors of type 2 MI among AIS hospitalizations (Figure 1).

Conclusion

Patients with AIS complicated by type 2 MI have a high prevalence of underlying cardiovascular disease. In addition, type 2 MI in patients hospitalized with AIS is associated with poor prognosis and higher resource utilization.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.

Distal versus conventional transradial access for coronary angiography and intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction

Distal transradial artery access (DTRA) has recently gained attention due to potential benefits in terms of local complications and risk of superficial palmar arch ischemia in case of radial artery occlusion.

Purpose

In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the utility of DTRA compared to conventional transradial artery access (CTRA) for coronary angiography and intervention.

Method

We performed a comprehensive literature search using multiple databases from inception through February 2021 for all the studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of DTRA for coronary angiography and intervention. The primary outcome of interest was access success rate. The secondary outcomes were periprocedural local complications (site hematoma, radial artery occlusion or spasm) and procedural characteristics (cannulation, fluoroscopy, and radial artery compression times). All meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effect model.

Results

A total of 8 studies including 1630 patients (805 underwent DTRA vs. 825 with CTRA), were included in the final analysis. Three of the included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and the remainder were observational studies. The access success rate was similar in the two groups (odds ratio (OR): 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18–2.09; P=0.43; I2=72%). Similarly, no difference was observed in the overall periprocedural local complications rate (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.38–1.04, P=0.07, I2=25%). On subgroup analysis, the rate of radial artery occlusion was significantly lower in DRTA group (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.82, P=0.02, I2=0%). Regarding the procedural characteristics, the two approaches were different only in the cannulation time favoring the CTRA group (mean difference in minutes [MD] 0.96, 95% CI 0.16–1.76; P=0.02).

Conclusions

The DTRA represents an alternative site for radial artery access for coronary angiography and interventions, with a high success rate accompanied by a low risk of complications. Although the cannulation time was longer for the DTRA, this can potentially improve with training, practice, and utilization of ultrasound-guided punctures. The major advantage provided by the DTRA is the trend toward a lower risk of radial artery occlusion, which is frequently observed with the conventional approach. Further adequately powered RCTs are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this approach.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None. Central illustration

Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes and resource utilization of type 2 myocardial infarction

Background

Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes have been previously well described in type 1 myocardial infarction (MI). However, type 2 MI is common in contemporary practice with scarce data regarding sex-based differences of clinical outcomes and resource utilization.

Purpose

To examine the association of sex category with clinical outcomes and resource utilization in hospitalizations with type 2 MI.

Methods

The Nationwide Readmission Database 2018 was queried for hospitalizations within the United States with type 2 MI using The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code I21.A1. Comorbidities and outcomes were identified using the corresponding ICD-10 codes. Complex samples multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to determine the association between type 2 MI and outcomes (in-hospital mortality, index length of stay [LOS], hospital costs, discharge to nursing facility, and 30-day all-cause readmissions) in females compared to males with type 2 MI.

Results

A total of 252,641 hospitalizations [119,783 (47.4%) females and 132,858 (52.6%) males] were included in this analysis. Females with type 2 MI were more likely to be older (72.8 years vs. 69.7 years; P<0.001), admitted on the weekend (26.5% vs. 25.9%; P=0.02), and have a higher prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease (35.6% vs. 32.0%; P<0.001), obesity (17.9% vs. 15.7%; P<0.001), neurological disorders (22.9% vs. 22.3%; P=0.02), deficiency anemias (7.5% vs. 6.6%; P<0.001), and hypothyroidism (22.1% vs. 10.1%; P<0.001) compared to males with type 2 MI. Female with type 2 MI was associated with lower in-hospital mortality, shorter LOS, less hospital costs, and increased nursing home discharge compared to males with type 2 MI. Females and males with type 2 MI had similar rates of 30-day all-cause readmission [Table 1].

Conclusion

Among type 2 MI hospitalizations, females have lower in-hospital mortality, less hospitalization cost, shorter LOS, but increased rates of nursing home discharge compared to males. Thirty-day all-cause readmission was similar between males and females with type 2 MI.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.

Structural stability and evolution of half-metallicity in Ba2CaMoO6: interplay of hole- and electron-doping

Half-metallic ferromagnetic materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their probable technological applications in spintronics. In this respect, doping plays a crucial role in tailoring or controlling the physical properties of the system. Herein, the impact of both hole and electron doping on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the recent high pressure synthesized non-magnetic insulator Ba₂CaMoO₆ double perovskite oxide are investigated by replacing one of the Mo ions with Nb and Tc. The structural and mechanical stability of the undoped/doped materials are analyzed by calculating the formation energies and stiffness tensors, respectively, which confirm the system's stability. Interestingly, our results revealed that Nb- and Tc-doped systems display an electronic transition from insulating to p- and n-type half-metallic ferromagnetic states, respectively. The most striking feature of the present study is that oxygen ions become spin-polarized, with a magnetic moment of ∼0.12 μ_B per atom, and are mainly responsible for conductivity in the Nb-doped system. However, the admixture of Tc 4d non-degenerate orbitals are primarily contributing to the metallicity in the Tc-doped structure, with a moment of ∼0.59 μ_B. It is also found that Nb and Tc ions remain in the 5+ and 7+ states with electronic configurations of t22g↑t22g↓e0g↑e0g↓ and t32g↑t22g↓e0g↑e0g↓, with spin states of S = 0 and S = 1/2 in the individual doped systems, respectively. Hence, the present work proposes that a doping strategy with a suitable candidate could be beneficial to tune the physical properties of the materials for their potential utilization in advanced spin-based devices.

Optimization of Finger Millet and Carrot Pomace based fiber enriched biscuits using response surface methodology

Carrot pomace and finger millet flour were used to enrich the nutritional potential of biscuits with fiber. Their combined effect on physiochemical properties was optimized by response surface methodology. Experiments were conducted to standardize the formulation for development of fiber enriched biscuits using carrot pomace powder and finger millet flour at different baking times. Box-Behnken design was selected for modeling of the three independent variables: carrot pomace powder (10 g, 15 g, 20 g), finger millet flour (2.5 g, 5 g, 7.5 g), and baking time (21 min, 23 min, 25 min). Various experimental runs were used to evaluate the effect of above independent variables on spread ratio, change in colour, moisture content, ash content, fat content, fiber content, hardness and general acceptability. The optimum values predicted 15.522 g of carrot pomace powder, 5.178 g of finger millet flour and 21 min of baking time for development of enriched biscuits with 7.51 spread ratio, 17.02 change in colour, 2.85 g/100g moisture (wet basis), 14.84 g/100g fat, 2.56 g/100g ash, and 2.28 g/100g fiber, 61.967 N hardness, 8.424 general acceptability.

Extraction optimization of mucilage from Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seeds using response surface methodology

Aqueous extraction of basil seed mucilage was optimized using response surface methodology. A Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) for modeling of three independent variables: temperature (40-91 °C); extraction time (1.6-3.3 h) and water/seed ratio (18:1-77:1) was used to study the response for yield. Experimental values for extraction yield ranged from 7.86 to 20.5 g/100 g. Extraction yield was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by all the variables. Temperature and water/seed ratio were found to have pronounced effect while the extraction time was found to have minor possible effects. Graphical optimization determined the optimal conditions for the extraction of mucilage. The optimal condition predicted an extraction yield of 20.49 g/100 g at 56.7 °C, 1.6 h, and a water/seed ratio of 66.84:1. Optimal conditions were determined to obtain highest extraction yield. Results indicated that water/seed ratio was the most significant parameter, followed by temperature and time.

Molecular distortion and charge transfer effects in ZnPc/Cu(111)

The adsorption geometry and electronic properties of a zinc-phthalocyanine molecule on a Cu(111) substrate are studied by density functional theory. In agreement with experiment, we find remarkable distortions of the molecule, mainly as the central Zn atom tends towards the substrate to minimize the Zn-Cu distance. As a consequence, the Zn-N chemical bonding and energy levels of the molecule are significantly modified. However, charge transfer induces metallic states on the molecule and therefore is more important for the ZnPc/Cu(111) system than the structural distortions.

Spin-polarized structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors Cd(1-x)Mn(x)S and Cd(1-x)Mn(x)Se in zinc blende phase

We studied the structural, spin-polarized electronic band structures, density of states, and magnetic properties of the diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) Cd(1-x)Mn(x)S and Cd(1-x)Mn(x)Se in zinc blende phase (B3) with 25% Mn by using the ab initio method. The calculations were performed by using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals (FP-L/APW+lo) method within the spin-polarized density functional theory and the local spin density approximation (LSDA). Calculated electronic band structures and the density of states of these DMSs are discussed in terms of the contribution of Mn 3d(5)4s(2), Cd 4d(10)5s(2), S 3s(2)3p(4), and Se 4s(2)4p(4) partial density of states and we also compute the local magnetic moments. We estimated the spin-exchange splitting energies, Delta(x)(d) and Delta(x)(p-d), produced by the Mn 3d states, and we found that the effective potential for the minority spin is more attractive than that for the majority spin. We determine the s-d exchange constant N(0)alpha and p-d exchange constant N(0)beta, which resembles a typical magneto-optical experiment. The calculated total magnetic moment is found to be 5.0020 and 5.00013 mu(B) for Cd(1-x)Mn(x)S and Cd(1-x)Mn(x)Se, respectively. These values indicate that every Mn impurity adds no hole carriers to the perfect CdS and CdSe crystals. Moreover, we found that p-d hybridization reduces the local magnetic moment of Mn from its free space charge value of 5.0micro(B) and produces small local magnetic moments on the nonmagnetic Cd and S sites.

[Dysphagia after ventral spondylodesis]

BACKGROUND

Complications caused by osteosynthetic material after cervical spine surgery are rare.

PATIENT AND METHOD

The case of a 36-year-old patient is reported, who suffered the extrusion of a screw and migration through the hypopharynx after ventral spondylodesis of a cervical spine fracture.

RESULT

Dysphagia occurred shortly after spinal surgery. The lack of one osteosynthesis screw in the spine was detected by X-ray and the material was located in the rectum. The screw had passed through the intestinal tract and was excreted spontaneously. An ENT medical control was carried out because of persisting dysphagia. Endoscopy revealed a cherry-sized granuloma of the posterior hypopharynx wall which was removed surgically. The healing process of the mucosa continued without further complications.

CONCLUSION

X-ray control and endoscopy are required immediately when dysphagia occurs after osteosynthesis of the cervical spine due to possible complications caused by the implanted material. Further therapeutic measures depend on the case-specific constellation.

Nurses' and doctors' attitudes towards suicidal behaviour in young people

This paper presents an exploratory study performed to identify the attitudes towards suicidal behaviour in young people, amongst nurses (and nursing lecturers), and doctors working in in-patient medical and mental health care settings. The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) was administered to 59 participants. Responses were scored using eight clinical scales, and tested by using a Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance. An Independent Sample t-test was used to analyse gender differences. Qualitative interviews were conducted in a sample of respondents. SOQ findings revealed no overall significant differences in the relevant groups of nurses and doctors, with the exception of gender and the clinical scale relating to a 'Cry for Help'. The focused interviews generated five categories relating to suicidal behaviour and young people. Nurses and doctors working in these areas possess a range of influential perceptions of suicidal behaviour and need to be considered in the contexts of care and treatment of young people.

Two years' investigation of epidemic hepatitis E virus transmission in West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia

Two years' follow-up investigation of a hepatitis E virus (HEV) outbreak in West Kalimantan, Indonesia in 1991 was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of epidemic HEV transmission and the persistence of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response. Sixty cases identified as anti-HEV IgG positive during the outbreak in 1991 were matched with 67 controls and examined, together with 318 members of their families. Overall, the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG among the 445 subjects (representing 127 households) was 59%. There was no significant difference in anti-HEV prevalence between cases (72%) and controls (61%). Loss of detectable anti-HEV IgG after 2 years was demonstrated in 17 of 60 subjects (28%) who were originally positive for anti-HEV in 1991. The mean number of anti-HEV positive subjects per household was 2.04. Cross-sectional prevalence of anti-HEV IgG increased significantly with age (P = 0.01). When communities were grouped into areas of low (< 40%), medium (40-59%) and high (> or = 60%) anti-HEV prevalence, use of river water for drinking and cooking (P < 0.001), personal washing (P < 0.0001), and human excreta disposal (P < 0.001) were associated with high prevalence communities. Conversely, boiling drinking water was negatively associated with increased prevalence (P = 0.02). Subnormal rainfall during the month (August) leading up to the 1991 outbreak (19 cm compared to the monthly mean of 209 cm in 1985-1993) may have contributed to favourable epidemic conditions.

Interaction of chlorpromazine with tricyclic anti-depressants in schizophrenic patients

Interaction of Chlorpromazine with tricyclic antidepressants was investigated in twenty schizophrenic patients after their concurrent administration. A significant increase in serum chlorpromazine concentration was observed when administered in combination with both amitriptyline and imipramine with chlorpromazine. If combined therapy is indicated, the dose of chlorpromazine should be reduced or the time of administration of other two drugs should be adjusted to maintain therapeutic levels of chlorpromazine.