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Toyoda S, Handa T, Yong H, Takahashi H, Shiwaku H. IMPDH2 forms spots at branching sites and distal ends of astrocyte stem processes. Genes Cells 2024; 29:150-158. [PMID: 38009721 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo GTP biosynthesis pathway. Recent studies suggest that IMPDH2, an isoform of IMPDH, can localize to specific subcellular compartments under certain conditions and regulate site-specific GTP availability and small GTPase activity in invasive cancer cells. However, it is unclear whether IMPDH2 plays a site-specific regulatory role in subcellular functions in healthy cells. In this study, we focused on brain cells and examined the localization pattern of IMPDH2. We discovered that IMPDH2 forms localized spots in the astrocytes of the adult mouse hippocampus. Further analysis of spot distribution in primary astrocyte cultures revealed that IMPDH2 spots are predominantly localized on branching sites and distal ends of astrocyte stem processes. Our findings suggest a potential unidentified role for IMPDH2 and GTP synthesis specifically at specialized nodes of astrocyte branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Toyoda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Handa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huang Yong
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shiwaku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Shiwaku H, Katayama S, Gao M, Kondo K, Nakano Y, Motokawa Y, Toyoda S, Yoshida F, Hori H, Kubota T, Ishikawa K, Kunugi H, Ikegaya Y, Okazawa H, Takahashi H. Analyzing schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice caused by autoantibodies against NRXN1α in schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:32-45. [PMID: 37004758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia remain unclear; however, genomic analysis has identified genes encoding important risk molecules. One such molecule is neurexin 1α (NRXN1α), a presynaptic cell adhesion molecule. In addition, novel autoantibodies that target the nervous system have been found in patients with encephalitis and neurological disorders. Some of these autoantibodies inhibit synaptic antigen molecules. Studies have examined the association between schizophrenia and autoimmunity; however, the pathological data remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel autoantibody against NRXN1α in patients with schizophrenia (n = 2.1%) in a Japanese cohort (n = 387). None of the healthy control participants (n = 362) were positive for anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies. Anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies isolated from patients with schizophrenia inhibited the molecular interaction between NRXN1α and Neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) and between NRXN1α and Neuroligin 2 (NLGN2). Additionally, these autoantibodies reduced the frequency of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic current in the frontal cortex of mice. Administration of anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies from patients with schizophrenia into the cerebrospinal fluid of mice reduced the number of spines/synapses in the frontal cortex and induced schizophrenia-related behaviors such as reduced cognition, impaired pre-pulse inhibition, and reduced social novelty preference. These changes were improved through the removal of anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies from the IgG fraction of patients with schizophrenia. These findings demonstrate that anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies transferred from patients with schizophrenia cause schizophrenia-related pathology in mice. Removal of anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies may be a therapeutic target for a subgroup of patients who are positive for these autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shiwaku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Shingo Katayama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mengxuan Gao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kanoh Kondo
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuri Nakano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yukiko Motokawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Saori Toyoda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Medical Technology, Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki 300-0051, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- The Center for Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Takahashi T, Suzuki N, Ishii R, Toyoda S, Shibata M, Azuma Y, Kurose Y. Egg laying performance and egg quality with Paracoccus carotinifaciens supplementation containing high astaxanthin levels. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:47-55. [PMID: 36129068 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2126933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. This study assessed 1) the effects of Paracoccus carotinifaciens supplementation containing high astaxanthin levels on egg production performance and quality, 2) dynamics of carotenoids levels in the egg yolk and 3) taste of astaxanthin-rich egg yolk.2. Laying hens were fed diets containing different levels of P. carotinifaciens-derived astaxanthin (ASX; 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 ppm) for 28 d (experiment 1) or a diet containing 16 ppm astaxanthin for 28 d followed by a 0 ppm astaxanthin diet for 28 days (experiment 2).3. Production performance, egg quality and egg yolk carotenoid levels were examined in experiment 1 (Ex1) and the dynamics of egg yolk carotenoid levels and egg yolk taste in experiment 2 (Ex2).4. ASX supplementation did not affect production performance or egg quality. ASX levels in the egg yolk became saturated after seven days of 16 ppm supplementation and decreased to less than one-tenth of the saturated levels seven days after supplementation cessation. Supplementation with 16 ppm ASX for 28 d did not affect egg yolk taste.5. Supplementation resulted in the production of ASX-rich eggs for a brief period without affecting production performance, egg quality or taste. Understanding the time taken for the incorporation of ASX into egg yolks is beneficial for value-added egg production and may help in minimising supplementation costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Metabolism and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - N Suzuki
- Research and Development Department, Kanematsu Agritech Co. Ltd, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - R Ishii
- Laboratory of Animal Metabolism and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - S Toyoda
- Laboratory of Animal Metabolism and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - M Shibata
- Laboratory of Animal Metabolism and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Y Azuma
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Nutritional Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Y Kurose
- Laboratory of Animal Metabolism and Function, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
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Toyoda S, Yamamoto T, Koshiji K. Prototype and Evaluation of High-Hydrous Gel Phantom for 100 kHz to 1 MHz Using ATO/TiO 2. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:6814-6817. [PMID: 34892672 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a human electrical phantom in the low-frequency band. Conventional high-hydrous gel phantoms cannot mimic the electrical properties of the human body in the low-frequency band. Titanium oxide coated with antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO/TiO2) was added to the high-hydrous gel phantom, and the electrical properties were evaluated in terms of the amount of material added. The developed phantom had an error of less than 10% in the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz, which conforms with the electrical properties of human muscles. Particularly, at 125 kHz, the error was 2.71% and 4.35% for relative permittivity and conductivity, respectively. The variation in the electrical properties of the developed phantom was evaluated, and it was confirmed that sufficient reproducibility could be obtained.
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Sho H, Fukui K, Yoneda S, Toyoda S, Ozawa H, Ishibashi C, Fujita Y, Eguchi H, Kozawa J, Shimomura I. Insulinoma induces a hyperinsulinemia-mediated decrease of GLUT2 and GLP1 receptor in normal pancreatic β-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:702-706. [PMID: 33199025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There have been several clinical reports of transient postoperative hyperglycemia in patients with insulinoma, but the effect of insulinoma on normal β-cells has not been investigated. We examined the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) expression in normal pancreatic β-cells of five patients with insulinoma and five patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) as controls. The positive rate of GLUT2-or GLP1R-positive islets in the nontumor area was calculated by the ratio with the analyzed islets. For functional in vitro analyses, q-PCR and Western blotting were performed after insulin loading on MIN6 cells. The expression rates of both GLUT2 and GLP1R were significantly lower in nontumor area islets of insulinoma patients than in patients with NGT (GLUT2: 31.6 ± 15.3% vs 95.9 ± 6.7%, p < 0.01, GLP1R: 66.8 ± 15.0% vs 96.7 ± 5.0%, p < 0.01). Exposure of MIN6 cells to high concentrations of insulin resulted in a significant decrease in GLUT2 protein for 12 h and GLP1R protein for 24 h (GLUT2; 1.00 ± 0.079 vs 0.81 ± 0.04. p = 0.02, GLP1R; 1.00 ± 0.10 vs 0.50 ± 0.24, p = 0.03) but not in those mRNAs. Our findings show that insulinoma is associated with the downregulation of GLUT2 and GLP1R expression in nontumor area islets. These phenomena may be caused by high levels of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sho
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - K Fukui
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - S Yoneda
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Toyoda
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Ozawa
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - C Ishibashi
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Fujita
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Departments of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Eguchi
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - J Kozawa
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Departments of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - I Shimomura
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Tanaka A, Hisauchi I, Taguchi I, Sezai A, Toyoda S, Tomiyama H, Sata M, Ueda S, Oyama J, Kitakaze M, Murohara T, Node K. Effects of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure: a randomized trial (CANDLE). Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Little is known about the impacts of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on cardiac functional parameters, such as natriuretic peptides, in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with concomitant chronic heart failure (CHF).
Purpose
To compare the effect of canagliflozin with glimepiride, based on changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), in that patient population.
Methods
This trial was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial at 34 centers in Japan. Patients with T2D and clinically stable CHF excluding NYHA class IV, randomized to receive canagliflozin 100 mg or glimepiride (starting dose: 0.5 mg), were examined using the primary endpoint of non-inferiority of canagliflozin versus glimepiride, defined as a margin of 1.1 in the upper-limit of the 2-sided 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the group ratio of percentage change in NT-proBNP at 24 weeks.
Results
Data analysis of 233 patients (mean age 68.6±10.1 yrs; 75% male) showed mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at randomization was 57.6±14.6%, with 71% of patients having a preserved LVEF (≥50%). The ratio of NT-proBNP percentage change was 0.48 (95% CI, −0.13 to 1.59, P=0.226), and therefore did not meet the prespecified non-inferiority margin. However, data stratified according to baseline NT-proBNP levels showed a trend that canagliflozin treatment reduced NT-proBNP levels to a greater extent than in subgroups with elevated levels of NT-proBNP (Figure A). Furthermore, NT-proBNP levels in the canagliflozin group did show a nonsignificant trend lower in the subgroup with preserved LVEF (Figure B), but not in the subgroup with reduced LVEF (Figure C). Additionally, the changes in the NYHA class were comparable between groups (P=0.061) in the overall cohort, whereas in the subgroup with a preserved LVEF canagliflozin caused a significant improvement in NYHA classes compared to that found for glimepiride treatment (P=0.027).
Conclusions
This trial did not meet the predefined primary endpoint of changes in NT-proBNP levels, with 24 weeks of treatment with canagliflozin relative to glimepiride which together with other recent studies would question the value of continuing to monitor NT-proBNP levels after the initial diagnosis of heart failure. Nevertheless, in a subgroup with preserved LVEF, there was a non-significant trend for canagliflozin treatment to reduce NT-proBNP levels and improve symptoms even in stable HF patients. Further research is therefore warranted to determine whether patients with preserved LVEF, regardless of diabetes status, could potentially benefit from treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors.
Changes in NT-proBNP
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Hisauchi
- Dokkyo Medical University Koshigya Hospital, Koshigaya City, Japan
| | - I Taguchi
- Dokkyo Medical University Koshigya Hospital, Koshigaya City, Japan
| | - A Sezai
- Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Toyoda
- Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | | | - M Sata
- Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - S Ueda
- University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - J Oyama
- Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - M Kitakaze
- National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - T Murohara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Node
- Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Aizawa H, Sun W, Sugiyama K, Itou Y, Aida T, Cui W, Toyoda S, Terai H, Yanagisawa M, Tanaka K. Glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 determines susceptibility to spreading depression in the mouse cerebral cortex. Glia 2020; 68:2631-2642. [PMID: 32585762 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a pathological neural excitation that underlies migraine pathophysiology. Since glutamate receptor antagonists impair CSD propagation, susceptibility to CSD might be determined by any of the neuronal (excitatory amino acid carrier 1 [EAAC1]) and glial (GLutamate ASpartate Transporter [GLAST] and glial glutamate transporter 1 [GLT-1]) glutamate transporters, which are responsible for clearing extracellular glutamate. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and electrochemical analyses using EAAC1- (EAAC1 KO), GLAST- (GLAST KO), and conditional GLT1-1-knockout mice (GLT-1 cKO) to assess altered susceptibility to CSD. Despite the incomplete deletion of the gene in the cerebral cortex, GLT-1 cKO mice exhibited significant reduction of GLT-1 protein in the brain without apparent alteration of the cytoarchitecture in the cerebral cortex. Physiological analysis revealed that GLT-1 cKO showed enhanced susceptibility to CSD elicited by chemical stimulation with increased CSD frequency and velocity compared to GLT-1 control. In contrast, the germ-line EAAC1 and GLAST KOs showed no such effect. Intriguingly, both field potential and cerebral blood flow showed faster dynamics with narrower CSD than the controls. An enzyme-based biosensor revealed more rapid accumulation of glutamate in the extracellular space in GLT-1 cKO mice during the early phase of CSD than in GLT-1 control, resulting in an increased susceptibility to CSD. These results provided the first evidence for a novel role of GLT-1 in determining susceptibility to CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Aizawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Weinan Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Itou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanpeng Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Saori Toyoda
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhi Terai
- Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michiko Yanagisawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
In magnetoelectric materials, where the time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries are simultaneously broken, optical properties can differ between the opposite propagation directions of light. We report on an experimental observation of nonreciprocal trajectory of a light ray in magnetoelectric material CuB_{2}O_{4}. The light is refracted in different ways between the opposite propagation directions of light. We find a nonreciprocal refraction at the interface between a matter with macroscopic toroidal moment and vacuum. The resultant nonreciprocal deflection of the light is 0.005 deg, which is quantitatively explained using Fermat's principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toyoda
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - N Abe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
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9
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Ishihara T, Toyoda S, Koyama A, Tada M, Atsuta N, Nakamura R, Tohnai G, Sone J, Izumi Y, Kaji R, Morita M, Taniguchi A, Kakita A, Sobue G, Nishizawa M, Onodera O. The SMN gene copy number states in Japanese ALS patients. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chuenpee T, Nishikawa O, Kon Y, Ninagawa K, Toyoda S, Ogata T, Uchida T, Takashima I. Gamma radiation-induced thermoluminescence, trace element and paramagnetic defect of quartz from the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Central Shikoku, Japan. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 120:30-39. [PMID: 27898372 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes the Thermoluminescence (TL) emissions for five emission bands, trace element concentrations and defects in quartz grains extracted from metamorphic rocks and quartz veins in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku. An emission of 500nm with 195, 245, and 320-325°C glow peaks are observed through the lowest to highest grade samples. A 450nm emission band with intense 195 and 245°C glow peaks and a 320-325°C shoulder peak is found in the higher grade samples. A 570nm emission band with a 170°C glow peak is observed in the samples derived from the lower grade zones. These characteristics of TL emissions of quartz suggest that they can be an indicator for the identification of rock derived from different metamorphic grades. The higher metamorphic grade samples with 450nm emission bands in particular show higher intensities of the E1' center. This relation indicates that the activation of the E1' center in higher metamorphic conditions possibly contributed to the 450nm emission band. Also, the 500nm emission band is generally observed in the samples with the signal intensities of the Aluminum hole center, suggesting that the center is the source of this emission band. We also observed that the lower metamorphic grade samples contain lower signal intensities of the Aluminum hole center, despite higher aluminum concentrations. This inconsistency indicates that the formation of interstitial aluminum ions cause local lattice distortion regions, where self-trapped excitons can be formed and presumably provide the 570nm emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chuenpee
- Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Japan.
| | - O Nishikawa
- Faculty of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Japan
| | - Y Kon
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
| | - K Ninagawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science, Japan
| | - S Toyoda
- Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science, Japan
| | - T Ogata
- Faculty of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Japan
| | - T Uchida
- Faculty of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Japan
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Toyoda S, Abe N, Kimura S, Matsuda YH, Nomura T, Ikeda A, Takeyama S, Arima T. One-Way Transparency of Light in Multiferroic CuB(2)O(4). Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:267207. [PMID: 26765023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.267207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate one-way transparency of light in multiferroic CuB(2)O(4). The material is rendered transparent for light propagating in one direction, while opaque for light propagating in the opposite direction. The novel transparency results from a destructive interference of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions. The realization of the effect has been accomplished by the application of a high magnetic field and the proper selection of the propagation direction of light in agreement with our quantum mechanical formulation of nonreciprocal directional dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toyoda
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - N Abe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Y H Matsuda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Nomura
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - A Ikeda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - S Takeyama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
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12
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Mitsuzuka K, Kyan A, Sato T, Orikasa K, Miyazato M, Aoki H, Kakoi N, Narita S, Koie T, Namima T, Toyoda S, Fukushi Y, Habuchi T, Ohyama C, Arai Y. Influence of 1 year of androgen deprivation therapy on lipid and glucose metabolism and fat accumulation in Japanese patients with prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2015; 19:57-62. [PMID: 26503109 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We prospectively examined influence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on lipid and glucose metabolisms in Japanese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS Patients with prostate cancer who were hormone-naive and scheduled to receive long-term ADT were recruited between 2011 and 2013. Body weight, abdominal circumference and blood testing associated with lipid and glucose metabolism were recorded every 3 months during 1 year of ADT. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to measure areas of subcutaneous and visceral fat before and after 1 year of ADT. ADT was limited to a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist with or without bicalutamide. RESULTS Of 218 patients registered, data were available from 177 patients who completed 1 year of ADT. Of these, CT was performed before and after 1 year of ADT in 88 patients. Median age was 75 years (range, 49-85 years). Median PSA before ADT was 16.7 ng ml(-1) (range, 0.3-3316). Clinical stage was B (54.2%), C (23.2%) and D (20.9%). Mean increases in body weight and abdominal circumference after 1 year of ADT were 2.9 and 3.0%, respectively. Mean increases in total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were 10.6, 14.3, 7.8 and 16.2%, respectively. Mean increases in fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were 3.9 and 2.7%, respectively. Lipid alterations were noted in patients without comorbidities, whereas changes in HbA1c were noted in patients with diabetes mellitus at baseline. These lipid and glucose alterations were prominent in the early ADT period. Both visceral and subcutaneous fat, as measured by CT, increased by >20%. The increase in subcutaneous fat was significantly greater than that in visceral fat (P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS One year of ADT significantly changed lipid and glucose metabolism in Japanese patients with prostate cancer. Patient characteristics or comorbidities at baseline may be associated with ADT-induced metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mitsuzuka
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Kyan
- Department of Urology, Shirakawa Kosei General Hospital, Shirakawa, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Department of Urology, Shirakawa Kosei General Hospital, Shirakawa, Japan
| | - K Orikasa
- Department of Urology, Kesen-numa City Hospital, Kesen-numa, Japan
| | - M Miyazato
- Department of Urology, Ryukyu University, Nishihara, Japan
| | - H Aoki
- Department of Urology, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - N Kakoi
- Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan
| | - S Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - T Koie
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - T Namima
- Department of Urology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Toyoda
- Department of Urology, Sendai Jin Hinyokika Clinic, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Fukushi
- Department of Urology, Sendai Yanagyu Clinic, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - C Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Y Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Tsubamoto H, Takeuchi S, Ito K, Miyagi Y, Toyoda S, Inoue K, Kanazawa R, Hosoda Y, Shibahara H. Feasibility and efficacy of intraperitoneal docetaxel administration as salvage chemotherapy for malignant gynaecological ascites. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 35:69-73. [PMID: 25020206 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.935719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian and endometrial cancers diagnosed at advanced stages are often associated with malignant ascites. This study aimed to determine the safety, feasibility and efficacy of intraperitoneal (IP) docetaxel (TXT) for the treatment of ascites. A phase I study, including nine patients, was undertaken to determine the maximum tolerable dose. Efficacy was retrospectively assessed in 18 patients treated with 40-70 mg/m(2) IP TXT between 2005 and 2012. In a phase I study, the dose was safely escalated to a maximum of 70 mg/m(2), at which level no patients had grade -3 haematological adverse events. In a retrospective study of 18 patients, seven had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 3; 16 had prior paclitaxel administration and two, with doses of 40 and 70 mg/m(2), experienced a serological response and a decrease in paracentesis. Thus, palliative treatment of recurrent OC should be further studied with 40 mg/m(2) among more patients, and 70 mg/m(2) could be evaluated for first-line IP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsubamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
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Toyoda S, Komuro K, Sato K, Ikeya M, Yoshida H. ESR and CL Observed in Quartz Grains from Uranium Deposits: Implications for Uranium Migration in Natural Hydrogeological Environments. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1998.82.special-issue.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Toyoda
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - K. Komuro
- Institute of Geoscience, University of Dsukuba, Tennodai, Tisukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - K. Sato
- Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation, 1-9-13 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan
| | - M. Ikeya
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - H. Yoshida
- Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation, 1-9-13 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan
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Rathnayake RMLD, Song Y, Tumendelger A, Oshiki M, Ishii S, Satoh H, Toyoda S, Yoshida N, Okabe S. Source identification of nitrous oxide on autotrophic partial nitrification in a granular sludge reactor. Water Res 2013; 47:7078-7086. [PMID: 24200002 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) during biological wastewater treatment is of growing concern since N2O is a major stratospheric ozone-depleting substance and an important greenhouse gas. The emission of N2O from a lab-scale granular sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for partial nitrification (PN) treating synthetic wastewater without organic carbon was therefore determined in this study, because PN process is known to produce more N2O than conventional nitrification processes. The average N2O emission rate from the SBR was 0.32 ± 0.17 mg-N L(-1) h(-1), corresponding to the average emission of N2O of 0.8 ± 0.4% of the incoming nitrogen load (1.5 ± 0.8% of the converted NH4(+)). Analysis of dynamic concentration profiles during one cycle of the SBR operation demonstrated that N2O concentration in off-gas was the highest just after starting aeration whereas N2O concentration in effluent was gradually increased in the initial 40 min of the aeration period and was decreased thereafter. Isotopomer analysis was conducted to identify the main N2O production pathway in the reactor during one cycle. The hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation pathway accounted for 65% of the total N2O production in the initial phase during one cycle, whereas contribution of the NO2(-) reduction pathway to N2O production was comparable with that of the NH2OH oxidation pathway in the latter phase. In addition, spatial distributions of bacteria and their activities in single microbial granules taken from the reactor were determined with microsensors and by in situ hybridization. Partial nitrification occurred mainly in the oxic surface layer of the granules and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were abundant in this layer. N2O production was also found mainly in the oxic surface layer. Based on these results, although N2O was produced mainly via NH2OH oxidation pathway in the autotrophic partial nitrification reactor, N2O production mechanisms were complex and could involve multiple N2O production pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M L D Rathnayake
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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Sasaki Y, Koba K, Yamamoto M, Makabe A, Ueno Y, Nakagawa M, Toyoda S, Yoshida N, Yoh M. Biogeochemistry of nitrous oxide in Lake Kizaki, Japan, elucidated by nitrous oxide isotopomer analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Horiba K, Nakamura Y, Nagamura N, Toyoda S, Kumigashira H, Oshima M, Amemiya K, Senba Y, Ohashi H. Scanning photoelectron microscope for nanoscale three-dimensional spatial-resolved electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:113701. [PMID: 22128978 DOI: 10.1063/1.3657156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve nondestructive observation of the three-dimensional spatially resolved electronic structure of solids, we have developed a scanning photoelectron microscope system with the capability of depth profiling in electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). We call this system 3D nano-ESCA. For focusing the x-ray, a Fresnel zone plate with a diameter of 200 μm and an outermost zone width of 35 nm is used. In order to obtain the angular dependence of the photoelectron spectra for the depth-profile analysis without rotating the sample, we adopted a modified VG Scienta R3000 analyzer with an acceptance angle of 60° as a high-resolution angle-resolved electron spectrometer. The system has been installed at the University-of-Tokyo Materials Science Outstation beamline, BL07LSU, at SPring-8. From the results of the line-scan profiles of the poly-Si/high-k gate patterns, we achieved a total spatial resolution better than 70 nm. The capability of our system for pinpoint depth-profile analysis and high-resolution chemical state analysis is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Horiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Uno H, Saito A, Toyoda S, Takada T, Tamaki M, Komeda H, Nakano M, Deguchi T. POD-02.08 Indications for Transperineal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy: Analysis Comparing Transperineal versus Transrectal 14-core Biopsy. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Zhumadilov K, Ivannikov A, Zharlyganova D, Zhumadilov Z, Stepanenko V, Abralina S, Sadvokasova L, Zhumadilova A, Toyoda S, Endo S, Okamoto T, Hoshi M. ESR dosimetry study for the residents of Kazakhstan exposed to radioactive fallout on 24, August 1956. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Inoue T, Taguchi I, Abe S, Toyoda S, Sakuma M, Node K. Inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption might explain cholesterol-lowering effect of telmisartan. J Clin Pharm Ther 2011; 36:103-10. [PMID: 21198725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB), acts as a partial agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and thus improves abnormalities of glucose metabolism and hypertriglyceridaemia in addition to its documented blood pressure-lowering effects. Recently, it has been demonstrated that telmisartan also lowers the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of cholesterol reduction. METHODS We measured serum levels of cholestanol, a cholesterol absorption marker, and lathosterol, a cholesterol synthesis marker, in 20 patients with both hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension. Ten patients were treated with telmisartan and the remaining 10 with fluvastatin. RESULTS After 3 months of treatment, total and LDL cholesterol levels decreased in the telmisartan group (P<0.01 for both total and LDL cholesterol levels) and the fluvastatin group (P<0.001 for both total and LDL cholesterol levels). The change in cholestanol level after 3 months of treatment was positively correlated with the levels of total (R=0.72, P<0.05) and LDL cholesterol (R=0.81, P<0.01) in the telmisartan group. The change in lathosterol level was positively correlated with the levels of total (R=0.88, P=0.001) and LDL cholesterol (R=0.89, P=0.001) in the fluvastatin group. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of telmisartan might be caused by inhibition of cholesterol absorption, whereas that of statins is by inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. If confirmed, co-treatment with the two agents may be useful for synergistically lowering cholesterol in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
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Itani Y, Kita T, Uekuri C, Akasaka J, Hirano H, Kawa M, Toyoda S. Detection of metastatic lymph nodes of para-aortic or pelvic area by measuring the size of lymph nodes (LNs) before lymphadenectomy in gynecologic malignancy. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tsubamoto H, Inoue K, Kawaguchi R, Ito K, Takeuchi S, Shiozaki T, Itani Y, Arakawa A, Tabata T, Toyoda S. Phase II trial of weekly irinotecan and carboplatin for relapsed ovarian cancer: A Kansai Clinical Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.5089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fukao K, Shimada K, Naito H, Sumiyoshi K, Inoue N, Iesaki T, Kume A, Kiyanagi T, Hiki M, Hirose K, Matsumori R, Ohsaka H, Takahashi Y, Toyoda S, Itoh S, Miyazaki T, Tada N, Daida H. Voluntary exercise ameliorates the progression of atherosclerotic lesion formation via anti-inflammatory effects in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:1226-36. [PMID: 20808053 DOI: 10.5551/jat.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A sedentary lifestyle with insufficient exercise is associated with cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that endurance exercise benefits atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders; however, the mechanisms by which physical activity, such as voluntary exercise (Ex), produces these effects are not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male apolipoprotein (ApoE)-deficient mice were fed a standard diet (STD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The HFD+Ex group mice performed Ex on a running wheel for 10 weeks. No significant differences in lipid profiles were observed between the HFD and HFD+Ex groups. Although changes in body and brown adipose tissue weights were comparable between the HFD and HFD+Ex groups, white adipose tissue weight was significantly lower in the HFD+Ex group than in the HFD group. The areas of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus and thoracoabdominal aorta were significantly reduced in the HFD+Ex group than in the HFD group (p<0.001). There was a strong negative correlation between atherosclerotic areas and the mean running distance per day in the HFD+Ex group (r=-0.90, p=0.01). Endothelial function was significantly preserved in the HFD+Ex group (p<0.05). Serum interleukin-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 levels were significantly lower and those of adiponectin were significantly higher in the HFD+Ex group than in the HFD group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Ex ameliorates the progression of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic lesion formation through anti-inflammatory effects, despite continued consumption of HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fukao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tobari Y, Koba K, Fukushima K, Tokuchi N, Ohte N, Tateno R, Toyoda S, Yoshioka T, Yoshida N. Contribution of atmospheric nitrate to stream-water nitrate in Japanese coniferous forests revealed by the oxygen isotope ratio of nitrate. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:1281-1286. [PMID: 20391599 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the openness of the nitrogen (N) cycle in forest ecosystems is important in efforts to improve forest management because the N supply often limits primary production. The use of the oxygen isotope ratio (delta(18)O) of nitrate is a promising approach to determine how effectively atmospheric nitrate can be retained in a forest ecosystem. We investigated the delta(18)O of nitrate in stream water in order to estimate the contribution of atmospheric NO(3) (-) in stream-water NO(3) (-) (f(atm)) from 26 watersheds with different stand ages (1-87 years) in Japan. The stream-water nitrate concentrations were high in young forests whereas, in contrast, old forests discharged low-nitrate stream water. These results implied a low f(atm) and a closed N cycle in older forests. However, the delta(18)O values of nitrate in stream water revealed that f(atm) values were higher in older forests than in younger forests. These results indicated that even in old forests, where the discharged N loss was small, atmospheric nitrate was not retained effectively. The steep slopes of the studied watersheds (>40 degrees ) which hinder the capturing of atmospheric nitrate by plants and microbes might be responsible for the inefficient utilization of atmospheric nitrate. Moreover, the unprocessed fraction of atmospheric nitrate in the stream-water nitrate in the forest (f(unprocessed)) was high in the young forest (78%), although f(unprocessed) was stable and low for other forests (5-13%). This high f(unprocessed) of the young forest indicated that the young forest retained neither atmospheric NO(3) (-) nor soil NO(3) (-) effectively, engendering high stream-water NO(3) (-) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tobari
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2268501, Yokohama, Japan
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Ogino S, Nosho K, Baba Y, Kure S, Shima K, Irahara N, Toyoda S, Chen L, Kirkner GJ, Wolpin BM, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS. A cohort study of STMN1 expression in colorectal cancer: body mass index and prognosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104:2047-56. [PMID: 19513025 PMCID: PMC2866652 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES STMN1 (stathmin or oncoprotein-18) destabilizes microtubules and reorganizes cytoskeleton, and functions in cell cycle progression and cell migration. STMN1 activity is influenced by p53, p27, and the PI3K/AKT pathway. However, its prognostic significance in colon cancer is uncertain. METHODS Utilizing 546 colorectal cancers (stage I-IV) from two independent prospective cohort studies (the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study), STMN1 expression was detected in 297 (54%) tumors by immunohistochemistry. Cox proportional hazard models computed hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality, adjusted for clinical and tumoral features, including microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP), LINE-1 hypomethylation, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1, beta-catenin, fatty acid synthase, FASN, and COX-2. RESULTS Five-year colorectal cancer-specific survival was 78% in STMN1-positive patients and 76% in STMN1-negative patients (log-rank P=0.30). STMN1-positivity was not significantly associated with cancer-specific survival in univariate analysis with HR of 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-1.14), which became significant in multivariate analysis (adjusted HR=0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.87; P=0.0078). Notably, the prognostic effect of obesity (body mass index, BMI> or =30 kg/m2) significantly differed by STMN1 (P(interaction)=0.005). Obesity was associated with high cancer-specific mortality among STMN1-positive patients (adjusted HR=2.36; 95% CI, 1.18-4.69), whereas obesity was not associated with high mortality among STMN1-negative patients (adjusted HR=0.51; 95% CI, 0.24-1.07). CONCLUSIONS STMN1 overexpression in colorectal cancer is independently associated with improved survival. The adverse prognostic effect of obesity was limited to patients with STMN1-positive tumors. Our findings suggest the presence of a tumor (STMN1)-host (BMI) interaction that potentially determines clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shoko Kure
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaori Shima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natsumi Irahara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Saori Toyoda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory J. Kirkner
- Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian M. Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ogino S, Nosho K, Irahara N, Kure S, Shima K, Baba Y, Toyoda S, Chen L, Giovannucci EL, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS. A cohort study of cyclin D1 expression and prognosis in 602 colon cancer cases. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4431-8. [PMID: 19549773 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are commonly activated in colorectal cancer. The activity of cyclin D1 can be blocked by CDK inhibitors, including p27 (CDKN1B) and p21 (CDKN1A, which is induced by p53). However, prognostic significance of tumoral cyclin D1 remains uncertain, and no previous study has considered potential confounding effect of p53, p21, p27, and related molecular events [microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype, and LINE-1 hypomethylation]. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Among 602 colon cancer patients (stage I-IV) in two prospective cohort studies, cyclin D1 overexpression was detected in 330 (55%) tumors by immunohistochemistry. Cox proportional hazard models computed hazard ratios (HR) of colon cancer-specific and overall mortalities, adjusted for patient characteristics and tumoral molecular features, including p53, p21, p27, cyclooxygenase-2, fatty acid synthase, LINE-1 methylation, CpG island methylator phenotype, MSI, BMI, KRAS, and BRAF. RESULTS Cyclin D1 overexpression was associated with a low cancer-specific mortality in Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.006), and in both univariate Cox regression [unadjusted HR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47-0.88; P = 0.0063] and multivariate analyses (adjusted HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.84; P = 0.0048). Similar findings were observed for an overall mortality (adjusted HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.98; P = 0.036). Notably, the effect of cyclin D1 on survival might differ by MSI status (P(interaction) = 0.008). Compared with tumors that were both cyclin D1-negative and MSI-low/microsatellite stable, the presence of either cyclin D1 or MSI-high or both seemed to confer better clinical outcome (adjusted HR point estimates, 0.10-0.65). CONCLUSIONS Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with longer survival in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, USA.
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Ogino S, Shima K, Baba Y, Nosho K, Irahara N, Kure S, Chen L, Toyoda S, Kirkner GJ, Wang YL, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS. Colorectal cancer expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, PPARgamma) is associated with good prognosis. Gastroenterology 2009. [PMID: 19186181 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates expression of mediators of lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response. There is controversy over the pro-oncogenic or antioncogenic effects of PPARG, and little is known about its prognostic significance in colon cancer. METHODS Among 470 patients with colorectal cancer (stages I-IV) identified in 2 independent prospective cohorts, PPARG expression was detected in 102 tumors (22%) by immunohistochemistry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) of colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortalities, adjusted for patient characteristics and molecular features including cyclooxygenase 2, fatty acid synthase, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, p53, p21, beta-catenin, LINE-1 hypomethylation, microsatellite instability (MSI), and the CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP). RESULTS Compared with patients with PPARG-negative tumors, patients with PPARG-positive tumors had significantly lower overall mortality, determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P=.0047), univariate Cox regression (HR, 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.84; P=.0053), and multivariate analysis (adjusted HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.69; P=.0004). Patients with PPARG-positive tumors experienced lower colorectal cancer-specific mortality (adjusted HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.79; P=.0054). The relationship between PPARG and lower mortality did not appear to be significantly modified by MSI, CIMP, LINE-1, or the other clinical and molecular variables examined (all P(interaction)>.05). CONCLUSIONS Tumor expression of PPARG is independently associated with longer survival of patients. PPARG expression appears to mark an indolent subset of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Ogino S, Shima K, Baba Y, Nosho K, Irahara N, Kure S, Chen L, Toyoda S, Kirkner GJ, Wang YL, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS. Colorectal cancer expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, PPARgamma) is associated with good prognosis. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:1242-50. [PMID: 19186181 PMCID: PMC2663601 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates expression of mediators of lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response. There is controversy over the pro-oncogenic or antioncogenic effects of PPARG, and little is known about its prognostic significance in colon cancer. METHODS Among 470 patients with colorectal cancer (stages I-IV) identified in 2 independent prospective cohorts, PPARG expression was detected in 102 tumors (22%) by immunohistochemistry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) of colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortalities, adjusted for patient characteristics and molecular features including cyclooxygenase 2, fatty acid synthase, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, p53, p21, beta-catenin, LINE-1 hypomethylation, microsatellite instability (MSI), and the CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP). RESULTS Compared with patients with PPARG-negative tumors, patients with PPARG-positive tumors had significantly lower overall mortality, determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P=.0047), univariate Cox regression (HR, 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.84; P=.0053), and multivariate analysis (adjusted HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.69; P=.0004). Patients with PPARG-positive tumors experienced lower colorectal cancer-specific mortality (adjusted HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.79; P=.0054). The relationship between PPARG and lower mortality did not appear to be significantly modified by MSI, CIMP, LINE-1, or the other clinical and molecular variables examined (all P(interaction)>.05). CONCLUSIONS Tumor expression of PPARG is independently associated with longer survival of patients. PPARG expression appears to mark an indolent subset of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Toyoda S, Okabayashi J, Oshima M, Liu GL, Liu Z, Ikeda K, Usuda K. Chemical-state-resolved in-depth profiles of gate-stack structures on Si studied by angular-dependent photoemission spectroscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tanimura T, Toyoda S, Kumigashira H, Oshima M, Ikeda K, Liu GL, Liu Z, Usuda K. Analysis of x-ray irradiation effect in high-k
gate dielectrics by time-dependent photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dougu N, Takashima S, Sasahara E, Taguchi Y, Toyoda S, Hirai T, Nozawa T, Tanaka K, Inoue H. Differential diagnosis of cerebral infarction using an algorithm combining atrial fibrillation and D-dimer level. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:295-300. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Toyoda S, Romanyukha A, Hino Y, Itano S, Imata H, Tarasov O, Hoshi M. Effect of chemical treatment on ESR dosimetry of cow teeth: Application to the samples from Southern Urals. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Takahashi H, Okabayashi J, Toyoda S, Kumigashira H, Oshima M, Ikeda K, Liu GL, Liu Z, Usuda K. Annealing-induced Interfacial Reactions between Gate Electrodes and HfO2/Si Gate Stacks Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Photoemission Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2436365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ito K, Kita M, Hosokawa K, Toyoda S, Kozuki M, Hayashi M, Takata T, Miyoshi Y, Koshiba H, Tabata T. Phase I-II trial of irinotecan (CPT) and cisplatin (P) as concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) for patients (pts) with primary local advanced cervical cancer (LACC): A KCOG 0328 trial. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
15002 Background: Though CCRT based on P is now recommended in LACC, there is no standard regimen. We conducted a phase I-II trial of CPT and P as CCRT in pts with primary LACC. Methods: Eligibility criteria: histologically confirmed primary LACC as FIGO stage III to IVb by para-aortic lymphnode (PAN) metastasis, age 16–75 years, ECOG performance status <2, adequate bone marrow, hepatic and renal function, and written informed consent. Radiotherapy (RT) consisted of external beam 5040cGy in 28 fractions followed by single application brachytherapy, delivering 1800–2400 cGy to point A in 3–4 fractions. The doses of chemotherapy (CT) were set up as follows: dose level (DL) 0; CPT 20 mg/m2, P 30 mg/m2, DL1; CPT 25mg/m2, P 30 mg/m2, DL2; CPT 30 mg/m2, P 30 mg/m2, and the starting level was chosen DL1. CT was curried out weekly 5 cycles concurrently with RT. Toxicities were assessed according to NCI-CTC ver2.0J and responses were assessed according to RECIST. Results: So far 9 pts have been entered. The median age was 52 years (range 29 -73). All pts were FIGO stage IIIb and histrogically squamous cell carcinoma. Among the first 2 pts in DL1, 2 dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed (delay of treatment due to grade 3 diarrhea and nausea) resulting in dose reduction to DL0. In the next 3 pts in DL0, no DLTs were observed and the study is ongoing as phase II. All pts were evaluable for response and toxicity. Eight complete (CR) and 1 partial response (PR) were seen at target region of cervix. But 2 pts showed progressive disease (PD) at non-target region of PAN, lung and liver, then overall response rate assessed by RECIST was 77.8% (CR 7, PD 2). Now the median follow up period is 16 months (range 6 -30). So far 2 pts of PD died and 3 pts relapsed. The median survival time is 10+ months (range 6+ -30+). Toxicity in DL0 was observed febrile neutropenia in 1 pt only. Conclusions: The CCRT with CPT and P in DL0 is feasible and shows promising activity in pts with primary LACC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ito
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - M. Kita
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - K. Hosokawa
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - S. Toyoda
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - M. Kozuki
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - M. Hayashi
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - T. Takata
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Y. Miyoshi
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - H. Koshiba
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - T. Tabata
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan; Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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Wieser A, Debuyst R, Fattibene P, Meghzifene A, Onori S, Bayankin SN, Brik A, Bugay A, Chumak V, Ciesielski B, Hoshi M, Imata H, Ivannikov A, Ivanov D, Junczewska M, Miyazawa C, Penkowski M, Pivovarov S, Romanyukha A, Romanyukha L, Schauer D, Scherbina O, Schultka K, Sholom S, Skvortsov V, Stepanenko V, Thomas JA, Tielewuhan E, Toyoda S, Trompier F. The Third International Intercomparison on EPR Tooth Dosimetry: part 2, final analysis. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 120:176-83. [PMID: 16702247 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the Third International Intercomparison on EPR Tooth Dosimetry was to evaluate laboratories performing tooth enamel dosimetry <300 mGy. Final analysis of results included a correlation analysis between features of laboratory dose reconstruction protocols and dosimetry performance. Applicability of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tooth dosimetry at low dose was shown at two applied dose levels of 79 and 176 mGy. Most (9 of 12) laboratories reported the dose to be within 50 mGy of the delivered dose of 79 mGy, and 10 of 12 laboratories reported the dose to be within 100 mGy of the delivered dose of 176 mGy. At the high-dose tested (704 mGy) agreement within 25% of the delivered dose was found in 10 laboratories. Features of EPR dose reconstruction protocols that affect dosimetry performance were found to be magnetic field modulation amplitude in EPR spectrum recording, EPR signal model in spectrum deconvolution and duration of latency period for tooth enamel samples after preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wieser
- Institute of Radiation Protection, GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Well
- Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition; University of Göttingen; Gottingen Germany
| | - H. Flessa
- Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition; University of Göttingen; Gottingen Germany
| | - F. Jaradat
- Institute of Soil Science; University of Göttingen; Gottingen Germany
| | - S. Toyoda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Yoshida
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Japan
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Toyoda S, Takeuchi D, Asai T, Komuro K, Horikawa Y. Spin–spin relaxation times of the center in quartz with and without irradiation: implications for the formation process of the oxygen vacancies in nature. RADIAT MEAS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wieser A, Debuyst R, Fattibene P, Meghzifene A, Onori S, Bayankin SN, Blackwell B, Brik A, Bugay A, Chumak V, Ciesielski B, Hoshi M, Imata H, Ivannikov A, Ivanov D, Junczewska M, Miyazawa C, Pass B, Penkowski M, Pivovarov S, Romanyukha A, Romanyukha L, Schauer D, Scherbina O, Schultka K, Shames A, Sholom S, Skinner A, Skvortsov V, Stepanenko V, Tielewuhan E, Toyoda S, Trompier F. The 3rd international intercomparison on EPR tooth dosimetry: Part 1, general analysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:163-71. [PMID: 15607443 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the 3rd International Intercomparison on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Tooth Dosimetry was the evaluation of laboratories performing tooth enamel dosimetry below 300 mGy. Participants had to reconstruct the absorbed dose in tooth enamel from 11 molars, which were cut into two halves. One half of each tooth was irradiated in a 60Co beam to doses in the ranges of 30-100 mGy (5 samples), 100-300 mGy (5 samples), and 300-900 mGy (1 sample). Fourteen international laboratories participated in this intercomparison programme. A first analysis of the results and an overview of the essential features of methods applied in different laboratories are presented. The relative standard deviation of results of all methods was better than 27% for applied doses in the range of 79-704 mGy. In the analysis of the unirradiated tooth halves 8% of the samples were identified as outliers with additional absorbed dose above background dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wieser
- GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Toyoda S, Tielewuhan E, Romanyukha A, Ivannikov A, Miyazawa C, Hoshi M, Imata H. Comparison of three methods of numerical procedures for ESR dosimetry of human tooth enamel. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:181-5. [PMID: 15607445 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three numerical methods were employed to examine how gamma ray doses ranging from 100 mGy to 1Gy could be reconstructed using five human molar teeth. For samples above 28 0mGy, the obtained doses are consistent with each other within the errors but slightly larger than actually given doses. Background doses range from 20 to 170 mGy depending on the methods and samples. Further precise studies would be needed to characterize each method, but it would be recommended to apply several methods to check the reliability of the obtained doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toyoda
- Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai, Okayama 700-005, Japan.
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Suzuki H, Toyoda S, Muramatsu M, Shimizu T, Kojima T, Taki W. Spontaneous haemorrhage into metastatic brain tumours after stereotactic radiosurgery using a linear accelerator. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74:908-12. [PMID: 12810777 PMCID: PMC1738526 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.74.7.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of spontaneous haemorrhage into metastatic brain tumours after radiosurgery. METHODS Intratumour haemorrhage rate, clinical features, and treatment were evaluated in 54 patients with 131 brain metastases of varying origin who were treated using linear accelerator radiosurgery. The marginal dose was maintained constant at 20 or 25 Gy, irrespective of tumour size. RESULTS Haemorrhage was identified in 7.4% of the metastases (five tumours in four patients) before radiosurgery and in 18.5% (10 tumours in 10 patients) after radiosurgery. In three cases, haemorrhage into the tumour after radiosurgery was symptomatic. Half the haemorrhages occurred within one month of radiosurgery. The changes in tumour size observed at the time of haemorrhage were an increase in one tumour, no change in five, and a decrease in four. Haemorrhage into a tumour after radiosurgery was more likely to occur in female patients, in tumours with a larger volume on pretreatment neuroimaging, and in tumours treated with a larger number of isocentres or a higher maximum dose. Haemorrhagic features in the patients or their tumours on presurgical assessment were not disposing factors to haemorrhage after radiosurgery. CONCLUSIONS When larger brain metastases are aggressively treated by radiosurgery, better local control may be attained but there may also be a higher risk of haemorrhage soon after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie Prefectural General Medical Centre, Mie, Japan.
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Bol R, Toyoda S, Yamulki S, Hawkins JMB, Cardenas LM, Yoshida N. Dual isotope and isotopomer ratios of N2O emitted from a temperate grassland soil after fertiliser application. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2003; 17:2550-2556. [PMID: 14608627 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The N2O and N2 fluxes emitted from a temperate UK grassland soil after fertiliser application (equivalent to 25 and 75 kg N ha(-1)) were simultaneously measured, using a new automated soil incubation system, which replaces soil atmosphere (N2 dominated) with a He+O2 mixture. Dual isotope and isotopomer ratios of the emitted N2O were also determined. Total N2O and N2 fluxes were significantly lower (P<0.001) in the control (0 kg N) than in the 25 and 75 kg N treatments. The total N2O flux was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the 75 kg N than in the 25 kg N treatment. The general patterns of N2O and N2 fluxes were similar for both fertiliser treatments. The total gaseous N loss in the control treatment was nearly all N2, whereas in the fertiliser treatment more N2O than N2 was emitted from the soil. The ratio N2O/N2 fluxes as measured during the experiment suggested three phases in N2O production, in phase 1 nitrification>denitrification, in phase 2 denitrification>nitrification, and in phase 3 denitrification (and total denitrification)>>nitrification. Dual delta15N and delta18O isotope and isotopomer (delta15Nalpha and delta15Nbeta) value ratios of emitted N2O also pointed towards an increasing dominance of the production of N2O by denitrification and total denitrification. The site preference value from the soil-emitted N2O was lower than the troposphere value. This confirmed that the enhanced troposphere N2O site preference could result from back injection of N2O from the stratosphere. The measurements of N2O/N2 flux ratio and the isotopic content of emitted N2O pointed, independently, to similar temporal trends in N2O production processes after fertiliser application to grassland soil. This confirmed that both measurements are suitable diagnostic tools to study the N2O production process in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bol
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK.
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Jong-Hon K, Yajima R, Karino Y, Yoshida JI, Tsuji K, Watanabe S, Horada K, Itoh Y, Sekiguchi K, Toyoda S, Maekubo H. Development of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-M2 in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2001; 21:1-7. [PMID: 11470623 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6346(01)00075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)-M2 in sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), using 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex (2-OADC) purified from porcine myocardium as the antigen source. The immunoreactivity was tested in a total of 354 sera, including 63 sera from patients with PBC by our ELISA. In the sera, indirect immunofluorescence for AMA, former ELISA for anti-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and immunoblot assay were performed, respectively. Of the 63 sera from patients with PBC, 51 sera (81.0%) were positive for anti-M2 in the new ELISA. Thirty-eight of the 63 sera (60.3%) were positive for anti-PDC in the former ELISA; the difference was significant between them (P=0.011). None of the 291 control sera from healthy volunteers showed reactivity against 2-OADC in the new ELISA. Moreover, in comparison with the results of immunoblot analysis, sensitivity and specificity in our ELISA to the sera from patients with PBC were 100 and 92.3%, respectively. Our results indicate that the new ELISA for anti-M2 using 2-OADC is simple, rapid and sensitive enough for the detection of AMA specific to PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jong-Hon
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital 355, 1-12 Maeda, Teine-ku, 006-8555, Sapporo, Japan
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Yamulki S, Toyoda S, Yoshida N, Veldkamp E, Grant B, Bol R. Diurnal fluxes and the isotopomer ratios of N(2)O in a temperate grassland following urine amendment. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001; 15:1263-1269. [PMID: 11466781 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to provide an accurate, up-to-date estimate of N(2)O fluxes in order that national policies can be developed to reduce emissions of N(2)O from soils. There are only limited data on temporal and diurnal patterns of N(2)O fluxes to the atmosphere, mainly due to constraints in the measurement techniques. In this paper we present the first terrestrial source values of N(2)O isotopomers and have measured and quantified the temporal and diurnal variability in N(2)O fluxes following urine addition to a grassland system in the UK. The experiment was carried out over a 2-week period on an artificially drained grassland system at the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke, UK. Duplicate samples of urine, each of 2 L, were collected from dairy cows and applied to chambers (of area 0.16 m(2)). The N(2)O diurnal fluxes from urine and control (no urine) plots were measured by an automatic closed chamber technique. The isotopomers of N(2)O were obtained by analysing the gas samples collected during a peak emission phase. Soil and meteorological data were also collected. The results showed strong diurnal variations in N(2)O fluxes with minimum fluxes generally occurring between 7:00 and 14:00 hrs. The total cumulative flux of N(2)O for the whole experimental period was higher by a factor of >2 compared with estimates based on the daytime (between 10.00-16.00 hrs) measurements only. Therefore, measurements of N(2)O fluxes based on daily single exposure and expressed on a 24-h basis could impose a considerable bias and inaccuracy to the emission estimates, depending on when it was taken. The measured site preference values (difference between the centre (delta(15)Nalpha) and the end (delta(15)Nbeta) N atom of the N(2)O molecule) for soil-emitted N(2)O measured during our study were always lower than the tropospheric value. This work confirms that the enhanced tropospheric N(2)O site preference value could be the result of the back injection from the stratosphere. The intramolecular isotope ratios of nitrogen (delta(15)N) and oxygen (delta(18)O) and the site preference of the emitted N(2)O indicated that there was a shift of processes during the measurement period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamulki
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK.
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Taneike I, Tamura Y, Shimizu T, Yamashiro Y, Toyoda S, Yamamoto T. [In vitro susceptibilities of Helicobacter pylori strains from children to proton pump inhibitors and its thioether derivative]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2000; 74:601-2. [PMID: 10965666 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.74.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Taneike
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University
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Abstract
An optically active, rigid rodlike helical polysilane with 6, 9, 12-trioxatetradecyl and (S)-2-methylbutyl substituents (1) was newly obtained as a very high molecular weight polymer of several million. Due to the presence of trietheral substituent, 1 was readily soluble in a polar solvent such as ethanol and a mixture of ethanol and water, but was insoluble in pure water. Polysilane 1 in pure ethanol at room temperature exhibited an intense and narrow ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) absorptions at 323 nm, associated with an almost mirror imaged fluorescence (FL) at 328 nm, that are characteristics of rigid rodlike, single-screw-sense helical polysilanes reported previously. When solution temperature was changed from 60 degrees C to -104 degrees C, a global shape of 1 expanded associated with an increase of segment length, whereas a screw pitch tended to be wound tightly. On the other hand, as a solvent polarity became poor, a global shape of 1 shrunk associated with an decrease of segment length and formed a chiral motif with an M-helicity between two helical segments with a kink. At a ratio of 50% of ethanol/water of 50:50 (v/v), 1 became insoluble and formed aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fujiki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamazaki
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Hoshi S, Orikasa S, Yoshikawa K, Sato K, Toyoda S, Saitoh S, Satoh M, Ohyama C, Namima T, Kawamura S, Suzuki K. Neoadjuvant therapy and bladder substitute for invasive bladder cancer: 20 years experience at Tohoku University. Int J Urol 1999; 6:68-74. [PMID: 10226810 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.06220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neobladder, using the intestine, was performed after neoadjuvant therapy and total cystectomy as a treatment for invasive bladder cancer. METHODS Between January 1977 and April 1997, an ileocecal neobladder was used for 23 patients and a sigmoid neobladder was chosen for use in 32 patients. For the diagnosis of invasive bladder cancer and the evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, we used whole-layer core biopsy (WLCB) of the bladder tumor and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pelvic lymph nodes after bipedal lymphography. For neoadjuvant therapy, two to four courses of internal iliac arterial infusion chemotherapy (IIA) were undertaken in 32 patients. Five patients were treated with IIA combined with 40 Gy irradiation to the pelvic space. RESULTS Pretreatment WLCB revealed a tumor of stage T2b or greater in 10 patients. After neoadjuvant therapy, three patients were down-staged to pT0. In five patients, pretreatment FNAB revealed pelvic lymph node metastases that were not detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Fine needle aspiration biopsy post-neoadjuvant therapy revealed tumor stage N0 in all patients and lymph node dissection revealed pN0 in four patients. Of the five patients who received 40 Gy irradiation, none had any postoperative complications, such as intestinal fistula or urinary leakage. Four male patients (10%) had urethral recurrence, but all were successfully treated by transurethral resection. Two patients treated prior to 1985 experienced local recurrence. Neither was treated by neoadjuvant therapy. Eight patients who died after 1985 had metastatic cancer, but none had local recurrence. None of the patients who received a sigmoid neobladder required clean intermittent catheterization or had bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant therapy seems to reduce local recurrence in invasive bladder cancer. The sigmoid colon may be suitable for neobladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hoshi
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Rink W, Toyoda S, Rees-Jones J, Schwarcz H. Thermal activation of OSL as a geothermometer for quartz grain heating during fault movements. RADIAT MEAS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4487(98)00095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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