1
|
Tüshaus J, Sakhteman A, Lechner S, The M, Mucha E, Krisp C, Schlegel J, Delbridge C, Kuster B. A region-resolved proteomic map of the human brain enabled by high-throughput proteomics. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114665. [PMID: 37916885 PMCID: PMC10690467 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial efforts are underway to deepen our understanding of human brain morphology, structure, and function using high-resolution imaging as well as high-content molecular profiling technologies. The current work adds to these approaches by providing a comprehensive and quantitative protein expression map of 13 anatomically distinct brain regions covering more than 11,000 proteins. This was enabled by the optimization, characterization, and implementation of a high-sensitivity and high-throughput microflow liquid chromatography timsTOF tandem mass spectrometry system (LC-MS/MS) capable of analyzing more than 2,000 consecutive samples prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) material. Analysis of this proteomic resource highlighted brain region-enriched protein expression patterns and functional protein classes, protein localization differences between brain regions and individual markers for specific areas. To facilitate access to and ease further mining of the data by the scientific community, all data can be explored online in a purpose-built R Shiny app (https://brain-region-atlas.proteomics.ls.tum.de).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tüshaus
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Severin Lechner
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Matthew The
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Eike Mucha
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KGBremenGermany
| | | | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum Rechts der ISAR, School of MedicineTechnical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Claire Delbridge
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum Rechts der ISAR, School of MedicineTechnical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich SiteHeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Plattner P, Wood E, Al Ayoubi L, Beliuskina O, Bissell ML, Blaum K, Campbell P, Cheal B, de Groote RP, Devlin CS, Eronen T, Filippin L, Garcia Ruiz RF, Ge Z, Geldhof S, Gins W, Godefroid M, Heylen H, Hukkanen M, Imgram P, Jaries A, Jokinen A, Kanellakopoulos A, Kankainen A, Kaufmann S, König K, Koszorús Á, Kujanpää S, Lechner S, Malbrunot-Ettenauer S, Müller P, Mathieson R, Moore I, Nörtershäuser W, Nesterenko D, Neugart R, Neyens G, Ortiz-Cortes A, Penttilä H, Pohjalainen I, Raggio A, Reponen M, Rinta-Antila S, Rodríguez LV, Romero J, Sánchez R, Sommer F, Stryjczyk M, Virtanen V, Xie L, Xu ZY, Yang XF, Yordanov DT. Nuclear Charge Radius of ^{26m}Al and Its Implication for V_{ud} in the Quark Mixing Matrix. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:222502. [PMID: 38101341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.222502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Collinear laser spectroscopy was performed on the isomer of the aluminium isotope ^{26m}Al. The measured isotope shift to ^{27}Al in the 3s^{2}3p ^{2}P_{3/2}^{○}→3s^{2}4s ^{2}S_{1/2} atomic transition enabled the first experimental determination of the nuclear charge radius of ^{26m}Al, resulting in R_{c}=3.130(15) fm. This differs by 4.5 standard deviations from the extrapolated value used to calculate the isospin-symmetry breaking corrections in the superallowed β decay of ^{26m}Al. Its corrected Ft value, important for the estimation of V_{ud} in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, is thus shifted by 1 standard deviation to 3071.4(1.0) s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Plattner
- ISOLDE, CERN Experimental Physics Department, Geneva 23, 1211 Genevè, Switzerland
- Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L Al Ayoubi
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - O Beliuskina
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M L Bissell
- ISOLDE, CERN Experimental Physics Department, Geneva 23, 1211 Genevè, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Campbell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B Cheal
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R P de Groote
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C S Devlin
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T Eronen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - L Filippin
- Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R F Garcia Ruiz
- ISOLDE, CERN Experimental Physics Department, Geneva 23, 1211 Genevè, Switzerland
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Ge
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Geldhof
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Gins
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Godefroid
- Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Heylen
- ISOLDE, CERN Experimental Physics Department, Geneva 23, 1211 Genevè, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Hukkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - P Imgram
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Jaries
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Kanellakopoulos
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Kankainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Kaufmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K König
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Á Koszorús
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Kujanpää
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Lechner
- ISOLDE, CERN Experimental Physics Department, Geneva 23, 1211 Genevè, Switzerland
| | - S Malbrunot-Ettenauer
- ISOLDE, CERN Experimental Physics Department, Geneva 23, 1211 Genevè, Switzerland
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P Müller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Mathieson
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - I Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - W Nörtershäuser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Nesterenko
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R Neugart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, Fritz-Straßmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Neyens
- ISOLDE, CERN Experimental Physics Department, Geneva 23, 1211 Genevè, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Ortiz-Cortes
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Penttilä
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - I Pohjalainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Raggio
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Reponen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Rinta-Antila
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - L V Rodríguez
- ISOLDE, CERN Experimental Physics Department, Geneva 23, 1211 Genevè, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - J Romero
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R Sánchez
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Sommer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Stryjczyk
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - V Virtanen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - L Xie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Z Y Xu
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - X F Yang
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 209 Chengfu Road, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - D T Yordanov
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krumm J, Petrova E, Lechner S, Mergner J, Boehm HH, Prestipino A, Steinbrunn D, Deline ML, Koetzner L, Schindler C, Helming L, Fromme T, Klingenspor M, Hahne H, Pieck JC, Kuster B. High-Throughput Screening and Proteomic Characterization of Compounds Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100632. [PMID: 37586548 PMCID: PMC10518717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous cell population of incompletely differentiated immune cells. They are known to suppress T cell activity and are implicated in multiple chronic diseases, which make them an attractive cell population for drug discovery. Here, we characterized the baseline proteomes and phospho-proteomes of mouse MDSC differentiated from a progenitor cell line to a depth of 7000 proteins and phosphorylation sites. We also validated the cellular system for drug discovery by recapitulating and identifying known and novel molecular responses to the well-studied MDSC drugs entinostat and mocetinostat. We established a high-throughput drug screening platform using a MDSC/T cell coculture system and assessed the effects of ∼21,000 small molecule compounds on T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion to identify novel MDSC modulator. The most promising candidates were validated in a human MDSC system, and subsequent proteomic experiments showed significant upregulation of several proteins associated with the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proteome-wide solvent-induced protein stability assays identified Acyp1 and Cd74 as potential targets, and the ROS-reducing drug phenotype was validated by measuring ROS levels in cells in response to compound, suggesting a potential mode of action. We anticipate that the data and chemical tools developed in this study will be valuable for further research on MDSC and related drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krumm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Elissaveta Petrova
- Global Research & Development, Discovery and Development Technologies, Discovery Pharmacology, Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Severin Lechner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Mergner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry at Klinikum rechts der Isar (BayBioMS@MRI), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Boehm
- Global Research & Development, TIP-Oncology & Immunooncology, Myeloid Cell Research, Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prestipino
- Global Research & Development, Discovery and Development Technologies, Discovery Pharmacology, Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Marshall L Deline
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lisa Koetzner
- Global Research & Development, Discovery and Development Technologies, Global Medicinal Chemistry, Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Schindler
- Global Research & Development, Discovery Technologies, Computational Chemistry & Biologics, Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Helming
- Global Research & Development, TIP-Oncology & Immunooncology, Myeloid Cell Research, Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Carsten Pieck
- Global Research & Development, Discovery and Development Technologies, Discovery Pharmacology, Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lechner S, Steimbach RR, Wang L, Deline ML, Chang YC, Fromme T, Klingenspor M, Matthias P, Miller AK, Médard G, Kuster B. Chemoproteomic target deconvolution reveals Histone Deacetylases as targets of (R)-lipoic acid. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3548. [PMID: 37322067 PMCID: PMC10272112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoic acid is an essential enzyme cofactor in central metabolic pathways. Due to its claimed antioxidant properties, racemic (R/S)-lipoic acid is used as a food supplement but is also investigated as a pharmaceutical in over 180 clinical trials covering a broad range of diseases. Moreover, (R/S)-lipoic acid is an approved drug for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. However, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, we performed chemoproteomics-aided target deconvolution of lipoic acid and its active close analog lipoamide. We find that histone deacetylases HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10 are molecular targets of the reduced form of lipoic acid and lipoamide. Importantly, only the naturally occurring (R)-enantiomer inhibits HDACs at physiologically relevant concentrations and leads to hyperacetylation of HDAC substrates. The inhibition of HDACs by (R)-lipoic acid and lipoamide explain why both compounds prevent stress granule formation in cells and may also provide a molecular rationale for many other phenotypic effects elicited by lipoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severin Lechner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Raphael R Steimbach
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Biosciences Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Longlong Wang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marshall L Deline
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yun-Chien Chang
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aubry K Miller
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zecha J, Bayer FP, Wiechmann S, Woortman J, Berner N, Müller J, Schneider A, Kramer K, Abril-Gil M, Hopf T, Reichart L, Chen L, Hansen FM, Lechner S, Samaras P, Eckert S, Lautenbacher L, Reinecke M, Hamood F, Prokofeva P, Vornholz L, Falcomatà C, Dorsch M, Schröder A, Venhuizen A, Wilhelm S, Médard G, Stoehr G, Ruland J, Grüner BM, Saur D, Buchner M, Ruprecht B, Hahne H, The M, Wilhelm M, Kuster B. Decrypting drug actions and protein modifications by dose- and time-resolved proteomics. Science 2023; 380:93-101. [PMID: 36926954 PMCID: PMC7615311 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Although most cancer drugs modulate the activities of cellular pathways by changing posttranslational modifications (PTMs), little is known regarding the extent and the time- and dose-response characteristics of drug-regulated PTMs. In this work, we introduce a proteomic assay called decryptM that quantifies drug-PTM modulation for thousands of PTMs in cells to shed light on target engagement and drug mechanism of action. Examples range from detecting DNA damage by chemotherapeutics, to identifying drug-specific PTM signatures of kinase inhibitors, to demonstrating that rituximab kills CD20-positive B cells by overactivating B cell receptor signaling. DecryptM profiling of 31 cancer drugs in 13 cell lines demonstrates the broad applicability of the approach. The resulting 1.8 million dose-response curves are provided as an interactive molecular resource in ProteomicsDB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zecha
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian P. Bayer
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Svenja Wiechmann
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Woortman
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nicola Berner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Müller
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annika Schneider
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karl Kramer
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hopf
- OmicScouts GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Leonie Reichart
- OmicScouts GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lin Chen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Fynn M. Hansen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Severin Lechner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Patroklos Samaras
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stephan Eckert
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Lautenbacher
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Reinecke
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Firas Hamood
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Polina Prokofeva
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Larsen Vornholz
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Falcomatà
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Madeleine Dorsch
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Department of Medical Oncology, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ayla Schröder
- OmicScouts GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Anton Venhuizen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wilhelm
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stoehr
- OmicScouts GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Grüner
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Department of Medical Oncology, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maike Buchner
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ruprecht
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hannes Hahne
- OmicScouts GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Matthew The
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Steimbach RR, Herbst-Gervasoni CJ, Lechner S, Murray Stewart T, Klinke G, Ridinger J, Géraldy MNE, Tihanyi G, Foley JR, Uhrig U, Kuster B, Poschet G, Casero RA, Médard G, Oehme I, Christianson DW, Gunkel N, Miller AK. Aza-SAHA Derivatives Are Selective Histone Deacetylase 10 Chemical Probes That Inhibit Polyamine Deacetylation and Phenocopy HDAC10 Knockout. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18861-18875. [PMID: 36200994 PMCID: PMC9588710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the first well-characterized selective chemical probe for histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) with unprecedented selectivity over other HDAC isozymes. HDAC10 deacetylates polyamines and has a distinct substrate specificity, making it unique among the 11 zinc-dependent HDAC hydrolases. Taking inspiration from HDAC10 polyamine substrates, we systematically inserted an amino group ("aza-scan") into the hexyl linker moiety of the approved drug Vorinostat (SAHA). This one-atom replacement (C→N) transformed SAHA from an unselective pan-HDAC inhibitor into a specific HDAC10 inhibitor. Optimization of the aza-SAHA structure yielded the HDAC10 chemical probe DKFZ-748, with potency and selectivity demonstrated by cellular and biochemical target engagement, as well as thermal shift assays. Cocrystal structures of our aza-SAHA derivatives with HDAC10 provide a structural rationale for potency, and chemoproteomic profiling confirmed exquisite cellular HDAC10-selectivity of DKFZ-748 across the target landscape of HDAC drugs. Treatment of cells with DKFZ-748, followed by quantification of selected polyamines, validated for the first time the suspected cellular function of HDAC10 as a polyamine deacetylase. Finally, in a polyamine-limiting in vitro tumor model, DKFZ-748 showed dose-dependent growth inhibition of HeLa cells. We expect DKFZ-748 and related probes to enable further studies on the enigmatic biology of HDAC10 and acetylated polyamines in both physiological and pathological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael R. Steimbach
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biosciences Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corey J. Herbst-Gervasoni
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Severin Lechner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231, USA
| | - Glynis Klinke
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ridinger
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magalie N. E. Géraldy
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergely Tihanyi
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jackson R. Foley
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231, USA
| | - Ulrike Uhrig
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231, USA
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Ina Oehme
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Nikolas Gunkel
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aubry K. Miller
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lechner S, Malgapo MIP, Grätz C, Steimbach RR, Baron A, Rüther P, Nadal S, Stumpf C, Loos C, Ku X, Prokofeva P, Lautenbacher L, Heimburg T, Würf V, Meng C, Wilhelm M, Sippl W, Kleigrewe K, Pauling JK, Kramer K, Miller AK, Pfaffl MW, Linder ME, Kuster B, Médard G. Author Correction: Target deconvolution of HDAC pharmacopoeia reveals MBLAC2 as common off-target. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:913. [PMID: 35840679 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Severin Lechner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Ian P Malgapo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christian Grätz
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Raphael R Steimbach
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Baron
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Rüther
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Simon Nadal
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Carmen Stumpf
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Loos
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Xin Ku
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Polina Prokofeva
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ludwig Lautenbacher
- Computational Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tino Heimburg
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- Computational Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Karl Kramer
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Aubry K Miller
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maurine E Linder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lechner S, Malgapo MIP, Grätz C, Steimbach RR, Baron A, Rüther P, Nadal S, Stumpf C, Loos C, Ku X, Prokofeva P, Lautenbacher L, Heimburg T, Würf V, Meng C, Wilhelm M, Sippl W, Kleigrewe K, Pauling JK, Kramer K, Miller AK, Pfaffl MW, Linder ME, Kuster B, Médard G. Target deconvolution of HDAC pharmacopoeia reveals MBLAC2 as common off-target. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:812-820. [PMID: 35484434 PMCID: PMC9339481 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) targeting drugs have entered the pharmacopoeia in the 2000s. However, some enigmatic phenotypes suggest off-target engagement. Here, we developed a quantitative chemical proteomics assay using immobilized HDAC inhibitors and mass spectrometry that we deployed to establish the target landscape of 53 drugs. The assay covers 9 of the 11 human zinc-dependent HDACs, questions the reported selectivity of some widely-used molecules, notably for HDAC6, and delineates how the composition of HDAC complexes influences drug potency. Unexpectedly, metallo-beta-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 (MBLAC2) featured as a frequent off-target of hydroxamate drugs. This poorly characterized palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase is inhibited by 24 HDAC inhibitors at low nM potency. MBLAC2 enzymatic inhibition and knock down led to the accumulation of extracellular vesicles. Given the importance of extracellular vesicle biology in neurological diseases and cancer, this HDAC-independent drug effect may qualify MBLAC2 as a target for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severin Lechner
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Ian P Malgapo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christian Grätz
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Raphael R Steimbach
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Baron
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Rüther
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Simon Nadal
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Carmen Stumpf
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Loos
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Xin Ku
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Polina Prokofeva
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ludwig Lautenbacher
- Computational Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tino Heimburg
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- Computational Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Karl Kramer
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Aubry K Miller
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maurine E Linder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gorges C, Rodríguez LV, Balabanski DL, Bissell ML, Blaum K, Cheal B, Garcia Ruiz RF, Georgiev G, Gins W, Heylen H, Kanellakopoulos A, Kaufmann S, Kowalska M, Lagaki V, Lechner S, Maaß B, Malbrunot-Ettenauer S, Nazarewicz W, Neugart R, Neyens G, Nörtershäuser W, Reinhard PG, Sailer S, Sánchez R, Schmidt S, Wehner L, Wraith C, Xie L, Xu ZY, Yang XF, Yordanov DT. Laser Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich Tin Isotopes: A Discontinuity in Charge Radii across the N=82 Shell Closure. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:192502. [PMID: 31144969 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.192502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The change in mean-square nuclear charge radii δ⟨r^{2}⟩ along the even-A tin isotopic chain ^{108-134}Sn has been investigated by means of collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE/CERN using the atomic transitions 5p^{2} ^{1}S_{0}→5p6 s^{1}P_{1} and 5p^{2} ^{3}P_{0}→5p6s ^{3}P_{1}. With the determination of the charge radius of ^{134}Sn and corrected values for some of the neutron-rich isotopes, the evolution of the charge radii across the N=82 shell closure is established. A clear kink at the doubly magic ^{132}Sn is revealed, similar to what has been observed at N=82 in other isotopic chains with larger proton numbers, and at the N=126 shell closure in doubly magic ^{208}Pb. While most standard nuclear density functional calculations struggle with a consistent explanation of these discontinuities, we demonstrate that a recently developed Fayans energy density functional provides a coherent description of the kinks at both doubly magic nuclei, ^{132}Sn and ^{208}Pb, without sacrificing the overall performance. A multiple correlation analysis leads to the conclusion that both kinks are related to pairing and surface effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gorges
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L V Rodríguez
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - D L Balabanski
- ELI-NP, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - M L Bissell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Cheal
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R F Garcia Ruiz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Georgiev
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - W Gins
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Heylen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Kanellakopoulos
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Kaufmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Kowalska
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - V Lagaki
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Lechner
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - B Maaß
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - W Nazarewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Neugart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Neyens
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Nörtershäuser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P-G Reinhard
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Sailer
- Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - R Sánchez
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Wehner
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wraith
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L Xie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Z Y Xu
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - X F Yang
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - D T Yordanov
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Andre-Gregoire G, Barrera-Chimal J, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Lechner S, Cau J, Prince S, Loirand G, Sauzeau V, Hauet T, Jaisser F. Benefit of Mineralocorticoid Receptor antagonism in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury: role of vascular smooth muscle Rac1. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(17)30457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Biewer M, Lechner S, Hasselmann M. Similar but not the same: insights into the evolutionary history of paralogous sex-determining genes of the dwarf honey bee Apis florea. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 116:12-22. [PMID: 26153222 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the fate of duplicated genes provides informative insight into the evolutionary plasticity of biological pathways to which they belong. In the paralogous sex-determining genes complementary sex determiner (csd) and feminizer (fem) of honey bee species (genus Apis), only heterozygous csd initiates female development. Here, the full-length coding sequences of the genes csd and fem of the phylogenetically basal dwarf honey bee Apis florea are characterized. Compared with other Apis species, remarkable evolutionary changes in the formation and localization of a protein-interacting (coiled-coil) motif and in the amino acids coding for the csd characteristic hypervariable region (HVR) are observed. Furthermore, functionally different csd alleles were isolated as genomic fragments from a random population sample. In the predicted potential specifying domain (PSD), a high ratio of πN/πS=1.6 indicated positive selection, whereas signs of balancing selection, commonly found in other Apis species, are missing. Low nucleotide diversity on synonymous and genome-wide, non-coding sites as well as site frequency analyses indicated a strong impact of genetic drift in A. florea, likely linked to its biology. Along the evolutionary trajectory of ~30 million years of csd evolution, episodic diversifying selection seems to have acted differently among distinct Apis branches. Consistently low amino-acid differences within the PSD among pairs of functional heterozygous csd alleles indicate that the HVR is the most important region for determining allele specificity. We propose that in the early history of the lineage-specific fem duplication giving rise to csd in Apis, A. florea csd stands as a remarkable example for the plasticity of initial sex-determining signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Biewer
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Lechner
- CeGaT GmbH - Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Hasselmann
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Kauhausen A, Schellert N, Köhler AK, Zhang E, Lechner S, Wachtlin J. Erfahrungen zur Wirkung und Wirkdauer des implantierbaren Dexamethasonspellets Ozurdex am vitrektomierten Auge. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Schellert N, Lechner S, Zhang E, Wachtlin J. Besondere Merkmale von Patienten mit Pseudoendophthalmitis nach intravitrealer Triamcinolon- Injektion. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Lechner S, Köhler A, Bezatis A, Spital G, Maier M, Horn M, Clemens C, Lehmann F, Höhn F, Meyer C, Wachtlin J. Anatomische und funktionelle Ergebnisse der klinischen Anwendung von Ozurdex® bei Venenast- (VAV) und Zentralvenenverschlüssen (ZVV) aus 8 Zentren in Deutschland. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
16
|
Erdmann S, Lechner S, Wachtlin J. IOL Explantation – ein zunehmendes Problem? – Operative Strategien zur sekundären IOL Implantation. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Lechner S, Schellert N, Wachtlin J. Erste Kurzzeiterfahrungen mit dem Langzeit-Dexamethasonpräparat (Ozurdex®) bei der Therapie von Maculaödemen im Off label use aufgrund anderer Erkrankungen als venöse Verschlüsse. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Lohninger A, Radler U, Jinniate S, Lohninger S, Karlic H, Lechner S, Mascher D, Tammaa A, Salzer H. Relationship between carnitine, fatty acids and insulin resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 49:230-5. [PMID: 20530934 DOI: 10.1159/000301075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels are a feature of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on plasma lipids and the expression of enzymes in peripheral mononucleated cells (PMNC) involved in the regulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation. L-Carnitine supplementation of 2 g/day resulted in a significant decrease in plasma FFA and in a less pronounced diminution of the plasma triacylglycerols. In addition, a concomitant increase in the relative mRNA abundances of carnitine acyltransferases (5- to 10-fold) and of the carnitine carrier OCTN2 (12-fold) in PMNC of pregnant women was found. The results of the present study provide evidence that L-carnitine supplementation in pregnancy (2 g/day) avoids a striking increase in plasma FFA, which are thought to be the main cause of insulin resistance and consequently gestational diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Lohninger
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
In this case study, we present two Holocaust survivors who appeared to have adapted well post-trauma, but developed severe PTSD symptomatology following the onset of neurologic illness in later life. These individuals were referred fro neuropsychological evaluations by their treating neurologists to assess their levels of cognitive functioning. We present the neuropsychological findings, and discuss possible mechanisms for emergence of PTSD symptoms. These case studies demonstrate the need for systematic research to further investigate the potential relationship between aging, degenerative disease, and PTSD symptoms in elderly trauma survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lechner S, Wachtlin J. Therapie des Makulaödems bei retinalen Venenverschlüssen – Abwarten? Laser? Intravitreale Injektion? Kombination? Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Schellert N, Galanski M, Wehner A, Zhang EP, Lechner S, Wachtlin J. Funktionelle und morphologische Ergebnisse nach 23 Gauge Pars-plana-Vitrektomie und simultaner Phakoemulisfikation mit HKL bei Makulaforamen und Makulapucker. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Erdmann S, Wehner A, Zhang EP, Lechner S, Wachtlin J. Therapie ausgedehnter subretinaler Blutungen bei AMD mittels Pars-plana-Vitrektomie und subretinalem r-TPA + SF6-Gas. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Noske W, Heinsohn A, Hinze R, Lechner S. Sehverschlechterung mit auffälligem Hintergrund. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Noske W, Lechner S, Burau H, Hinze R. Behandlungsergebnisse nach intravitrealer Injektion von Bevazicumab (Avastin®) bei okulären Venenverschlüssen. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Noske W, Lechner S, Kathke M, Heinsohn A. Koagulationsbehandlung von peripapillären choroidalen Neovaskularisationen. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-958216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
26
|
Witsch-Baumgartner M, Clayton P, Clusellas N, Haas D, Kelley RI, Krajewska-Walasek M, Lechner S, Rossi M, Zschocke J, Utermann G. Identification of 14 novel mutations in DHCR7 causing the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and delineation of the DHCR7 mutational spectra in Spain and Italy. Hum Mutat 2006; 25:412. [PMID: 15776424 DOI: 10.1002/humu.9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a phenotypically variable metabolic malformation and mental retardation syndrome for which more than 80 mutations in the DHCR7 disease-causing gene have been described. The DHCR7 mutational spectra differ significantly in different areas of Europe, and several common putative founder mutations account for a substantial fraction of all mutations in some ethnic groups. Here we have analysed 47 SLOS patients and describe 14 newly identified mutations in 18 SLOS patients of Ashkenazi Jewish, Austrian, British, German, Italian, Irish, Polish, Portuguese, and Spanish origins. Half of the new mutations are in the transmembrane domains of the protein. In addition, there were two null mutations, one mutation in the 4th cytoplasmic loop, two mutations in the first and last codons, and three mutations in other regions such as the second cytoplasmic loop and the first endoplasmic loop. The analysis included 20 Spanish and 12 Italian SLOS patients and revealed very different mutation spectra in these patients compared to previously described patients from Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, and the UK and implicated p.Thr93Met on the J haplotype as the most frequent Mediterranean founder mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Witsch-Baumgartner
- Department of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ironson G, Weiss S, Lydston D, Ishii M, Jones D, Asthana D, Tobin J, Lechner S, Laperriere A, Schneiderman N, Antoni M. The impact of improved self-efficacy on HIV viral load and distress in culturally diverse women living with AIDS: the SMART/EST Women's Project. AIDS Care 2005; 17:222-36. [PMID: 15763716 DOI: 10.1080/09540120512331326365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether changes in self-efficacy over time would be related to changes in disease progression markers (CD4, viral load) in a sample of women with AIDS. A self-efficacy measure was developed and two sub-scales emerged via factor analysis of 391 HIV-positive women: AIDS Self-efficacy and Cognitive Behavioral Skills Self-efficacy. Subsequently, the sub-scales and an additional adherence self-efficacy item were given to 56 HIV-positive women who were measured at two time points three months apart. Half of these women were randomly assigned to a CB intervention and half to a low intensity comparison condition. Increases in AIDS Self-efficacy over the three-month period were significantly related to increases in CD4 and decreases in viral load. Similarly, increases in Cognitive Behavioral Skills Self-efficacy were significantly related to decreases in distress over time. Findings were maintained within the intervention group alone. Interestingly, increases in cognitive behavioral skills self-efficacy and increases in the self-efficacy adherence item were also significantly related to decreases in viral load. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ironson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schwenteck T, Draeger J, Ruokonen P, Lechner S, Weise M. Klinische Erprobung neuer Augentonometer auf der Basis des internationalen Standards für Augentonometer ISO 8612. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2004; 221:1020-5. [PMID: 15599808 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-813709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a continuous process of development of new tonometer types following different measurement principles. The impedance measurement method, using the elasticity of the eyeball, allows tonometry even through the eyelid. Two new tonometers based on the impedance principle were investigated by clinical comparison measurements according to the international standard for human eye tonometers ( ISO 8612). The tested tonometers determine the intraocular pressure without topical anaesthesia. The different elastic properties of an individual eyelid and also the different elastic properties of the human eye due to a large variation in rigidity cause serious problems for these measurements. Statistical properties of the two investigated tonometers are presented and discussed. Statements and conclusions about the medical application of these measurement devices for ophthalmologists are made.
Collapse
|
29
|
Noske W, Wach T, Lechner S. Zur Problematik des cortisoninduzierten Augendruckanstieges. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-837124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Ruokonen PC, Schwenteck T, Lechner S, Draeger J, Hartmann C. Klinische Evaluierung der dem Impedanz-Prinzip folgenden Tonometer TGDc-01 und ICARE. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-837129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
31
|
Huss R, von Lüttichau I, Lechner S, Notohamiprodjo M, Seliger C, Nelson P. [Chemokine directed homing of transplanted adult stem cells in wound healing and tissue regeneration]. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 2004; 88:170-3. [PMID: 16892549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in stem cell biology is to study the underlying mechanisms of tissue specific homing and differentiation. Recent results suggest that bone marrow derived stem cells can give rise to multiple cell types. Because chemokines and chemokine receptors are associated with development, differentiation and homing of immune cells, we undertook efforts to study the chemokine receptor expression profile of human adult stem cells to identify their potential role in tissue specific homing prior to transdifferentiation. Using human bone marrow-derived stem cell lines, we could demonstrate functional chemokine receptor expression of various chemokine receptors. The expression of CXCR5 and CCR7, associated with secondary lymphoid organ homing as well as CXCR4 and CCR10, involved in organ specific homing and CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR1, which are involved in inflammation events, suggested a role of chemokine receptors in tissue specific homing of stem cells. To proof the specific homing of stem cells in vivo, we used murine stem cell lines, stably introduced green fluorescent protein under control of CMV promotor into the cells and injected them intravenously into mice. We demonstrate the homing of these stem cells to lymphnode and thymus as well as mucosal tissue, while stem cells home exclusively to a site of lesion during wound healing and tissue regeneration. Our data suggest that chemokine biology may play a pivotal role in the homing of stem cells to specific tissues and niches prior to (trans)differentiation, while the homing changes during tissue damage and other adequate lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Huss
- Pathologisches Institut der Universität München
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colorectal epithelial cells are prone to malignant transformation. Therefore, identification of differences in gene expression in the process from normal colonic crypts to adenomas with low grade dysplasia is essential for further insights into early tumorigenesis. To achieve this goal, a novel gene expression analysis strategy, screening for expressed transcripts in small histologically defined tissue samples, was performed. METHODS First, laser mediated microdissection was used to isolate normal and adenomatous crypts from colonic cryosections. Then, nested RNA arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) for differential display was performed to screen mRNA populations and to generate hybridisation probes for cDNA expression arrays. After evaluation of cDNA expression arrays, differential expression was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Evaluation of gene expression profiles of normal versus adenomatous colonic crypts of six different patients revealed, in general, dysregulation of up to 11% of all analysed genes (total number n=588): specifically, p21-rac1 was upregulated in four of six patients, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38alpha in three of six patients, and interferon gamma receptor in three of six patients. Conversely, FAST kinase was found to be downregulated in three of six patients, p53 in three of six patients, and thrombospondin 2 in three of six patients. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, distinct gene expression profiles of dysplastic areas within colonic adenomas, using the combination of laser mediated microdissection with RAP-PCR and cDNA expression array, were shown. In these samples, upregulation of proliferation associated genes (ras-oncogene related p21-rac1 and MAPK p38alpha) as well as downregulation of apoptosis related genes (FAST kinase and p53) most likely reflects specific alterations in adenomas with low grade dysplasia. Based on upregulation of p21-rac1 and MAPK p38alpha, activation of the MAPK pathway appears to be an early event in colonic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Judex M, Neumann E, Lechner S, Dietmaier W, Ballhorn W, Grifka J, Gay S, Schölmerich J, Kullmann F, Müller-Ladner U. Laser-mediated microdissection facilitates analysis of area-specific gene expression in rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48:97-102. [PMID: 12528109 DOI: 10.1002/art.10713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current approaches to analyzing gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium are based on RNA isolated either from cultured synovial cells or from synovial biopsy specimens. This strategy does not, in general, allow distinction of specific gene expression between cells originating from different synovial areas, due to potential mixture of expression profiles. Therefore, we established the combination of laser-mediated microdissection (LMM) and differential display to analyze profiles of gene expression in histologically defined areas of rheumatoid synovium. The present study was undertaken to establish parameters for this technique and assess its usefulness for gene expression analysis. METHODS Cryosections derived from RA synovial tissues were used to obtain cell samples from synovial lining versus sublining, using a microbeam laser microscope. RNA was isolated and analyzed by nested RNA arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) for differential display fingerprinting. Differentially expressed bands were cut out, and PCR products were eluted, cloned, and sequenced. Differential expression of identified sequences was confirmed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Microdissected sections of RA synovial tissue containing approximately 600 cells yielded enough RNA to produce a reproducible RNA fingerprint pattern. Several genes could be identified as being expressed differentially between the synovial lining and the sublining, and their expression could be confirmed at the messenger RNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION The combination of LMM and RAP-PCR presents a valuable tool to obtain novel insights into the area-dependent differential regulation of gene expression in RA synovium. Both known and previously unknown genes were revealed with this technique. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of this analytic strategy in the investigation of a nonmalignant, multifactorial, inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Judex
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lechner S, Pleyer U, Hartmann C. [Conjunctival mixed injection with membrane development. Ocular involvement in epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria generalisata atrophicans]. Ophthalmologe 2002; 99:960-1. [PMID: 12539746 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-002-0616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Universitäts-Augenklinik Charité, Campus Viorchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lechner S, Rüther K, Hartmann C. [Bilateral optic atrophy and slow worsening of vision]. Ophthalmologe 2001; 98:988-9. [PMID: 11699325 DOI: 10.1007/s003470170051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Augenklinik der Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lechner S, Müller-Ladner U, Neumann E, Dietmaier W, Welsh J, Schölmerich J, Rüschoff J, Kullmann F. Use of simplified transcriptors for the analysis of gene expression profiles in laser-microdissected cell populations. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1233-42. [PMID: 11555671 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Because colorectal epithelia are prone to malignant transformation, it is important to understand their normal regulation and then to identify differences between the normal cells and the transformed cells. We investigated the gene expression pattern along colonic crypts using a novel gene expression analysis strategy. We combined laser-mediated microdissection of distinct areas within colonic crypts and used modified RNA arbitrarily primed PCR to generate probes for cDNA array hybridization. In the basal part of the crypt, proliferation-related and cell cycle-related genes such as the multifunctional transcription factor e2f-1 or the mismatch-related gene p58/HHR23B were predominantly expressed. In the lumenal part of the crypt, up-regulations of the cysteine protease mch4 and the proto-oncogene c-jun were found. Our findings indicate that e2f1, p58/HHR23B, and mch4 may be involved in key mechanisms leading to malignant transformation in the colonic crypt. Our results also suggest that the technique elucidated here allows identification of gene expression patterns in distinct areas of intestinal tissue samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lechner S, Schweig F, Rieck P, Anders N, Hartmann C. [Pathologically reduced endothelial cell number despite normal slit-lamp microscopic corneal findings. An important result before cataract surgery]. Ophthalmologe 2001; 98:273-6. [PMID: 11320816 DOI: 10.1007/s003470170162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reduced number of endothelial cells increases the risk of corneal decompensation after cataract surgery. It is difficult to quantify the number of endothelial cells using slit-lamp microscopy since normal corneas may also show a reduced number of endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the number of endothelial cells pre- and postoperatively in a group of 500 consecutive patients. RESULTS Corneas diagnosed preoperatively with corneae guttata by slit-lamp microscopy may reveal more than 1800 endothelial cells/mm2. These corneas may decompensate after surgery. CONCLUSION We consider the routine use of endothelial microscopy to be a helpful diagnostic tool prior to cataract surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Augenklinik Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maurice MM, Nakamura H, Gringhuis S, Okamoto T, Yoshida S, Kullmann F, Lechner S, van der Voort EA, Leow A, Versendaal J, Muller-Ladner U, Yodoi J, Tak PP, Breedveld FC, Verweij CL. Expression of the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system in the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:2430-9. [PMID: 10555039 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199911)42:11<2430::aid-anr22>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of the thioredoxin (TRX)-thioredoxin reductase (TR) system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with other rheumatic diseases. METHODS Levels of TRX in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular distribution of TRX was determined by flow cytometry and histochemistry. Cellular expression of TR was studied by in situ messenger RNA (mRNA) hybridization. The effect of oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on TRX expression by cultured rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes was studied. RESULTS Significantly increased TRX levels were found in the SF from 22 patients with RA, when compared with plasma levels in the same patients (P < 0.001) and compared with SF TRX levels in 15 patients with osteoarthritis (P < 0.001), 13 patients with gout (P < 0.05), and 9 patients with reactive arthritis (P < 0.0001). The presence of TRX could be demonstrated within the SF-derived mononuclear cells and synovial tissue (ST) of RA patients. Concordantly, expression of TR mRNA was observed in the ST of these patients. Stimulation of synovial fibroblast-like synoviocytes with either H2O2 or TNF alpha induced an increase in the production of TRX. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate significantly increased concentrations of TRX in the SF and ST of RA patients when compared with the levels in patients with other joint diseases. Evidence is presented that the local environment in the rheumatic joint contributes to increased TRX production. Based on its growth-promoting and cytokine-like properties, it is proposed that increased expression of TRX contributes to the disease activity in RA.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kullmann F, Judex M, Neudecker I, Lechner S, Jüsten HP, Green DR, Wessinghage D, Firestein GS, Gay S, Schölmerich J, Müller-Ladner U. Analysis of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:1594-600. [PMID: 10446856 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199908)42:8<1594::aid-anr5>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 may contribute to the transformed-appearing phenotype of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts. METHODS We performed p53 gene mutation analysis using different molecular approaches. Synovial fibroblasts of 10 patients with RA were cultured and RNA and DNA were harvested after 3-5 passages in cell culture. Sequence analysis of all exons of the p53 gene was performed using 3 different techniques: 1) single-strand conformational polymorphism, 2) nonisotopic RNase cleavage assay, and 3) base excision sequence scanning T-scan, followed by sequence analysis of specific gene segments. RESULTS Although p53 antigen could be detected by immunocytochemistry in numerous cultured fibroblasts, gel electrophoresis analysis of products obtained using all 3 methods and subsequent sequence analysis showed no specific mutation pattern in the genome of the synovial fibroblasts from patients in Germany, including the known "hot spots" within the p53 genome. However, p53 mutations were identified in different clones of 3 additional RA synovial fibroblast populations from the United States. Sequence analysis of the p53 promoter did not reveal mutational base changes. CONCLUSION The findings of the study support the hypothesis that the majority of the mutations of the p53 gene observed in RA synovium are not derived from the genome of RA synovial fibroblasts, and that the variability of the mutation pattern reflects, in part, the heterogeneity of the disease.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zibert A, Kraas W, Ross RS, Meisel H, Lechner S, Jung G, Roggendorf M. Immunodominant B-cell domains of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins E1 and E2 identified during early and late time points of infection. J Hepatol 1999; 30:177-84. [PMID: 10068093 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(99)80059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We characterized immunoreactive B-cell domains of hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins E1 and E2 by a peptide ELISA using sera of patients who were infected by the same isolate of HCV (HCV-AD78). METHODS Fifty-four overlapping peptides which corresponded to the sequence of E1 and E2 of isolate HCV-AD78 were used to detect specific antibodies. Three groups of HCV-AD78 related sera were analyzed. Two groups were from sera obtained at early time points of infection (months 4-15) from patients who later resolved infection (group A), or who later developed chronic disease (group B). Group C sera were from later time points of chronic disease. As a control, sera of chronic HCV patients who did not have HCV-AD78 infection were also analyzed (group D). RESULTS In group A, 25 of the 54 peptides produced OD405 above the cut-off, whereas 17 peptides produced such values in group B. Only 10 and 3 peptides yielded such values in groups C and D, respectively. The overall prevalence of antibodies against peptides was high in the early phase of infection (means of 28.7+/-14.8% and 25.9+/-14.5% in groups A and B, respectively). At later time points of chronic infection (group C), the overall prevalence was lower (mean 18.6+/-15.4%). Group D sera produced the lowest overall prevalence (mean 13.2+/-14.1%). Three peptides, covering aa271-290, aa481-500 and aa551-570, were recognized significantly more frequently (p<0.05) by group A sera than group B sera. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that more linear epitopes of the HCV envelope are recognized with a high prevalence of antibodies, as was suggested previously. However, most B-cell domains of the HCV envelope induce a similarly high antibody response in patients who resolve infection or develop chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Zibert
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lechner S, Mayr R, Francis KP, Prüss BM, Kaplan T, Wiessner-Gunkel E, Stewart GS, Scherer S. Bacillus weihenstephanensis sp. nov. is a new psychrotolerant species of the Bacillus cereus group. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1998; 48 Pt 4:1373-82. [PMID: 9828439 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-48-4-1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group comprises the four valid species Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. Some isolates of B. cereus are known to be psychrotolerant (growth at 7 degrees C or below). Here, specific sequence differences are described between the 16S rDNA, the 23S rDNA, the 16S-23S rDNA spacer region and the genes of the major cold-shock protein homologue cspA in a variety of psychrotolerant and mesophilic B. cereus and B. mycoides strains. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis using three different primers clearly separated psychrotolerant strains of both species from the rest of the B. cereus group, as did inverse PCR patterns of the rDNA operons. These data strongly support a hitherto unrecognized fifth sub-group within the B. cereus species group comprising psychrotolerant, but not mesophilic, B. cereus strains. Despite the latter finding, the DNA sequences investigated exhibited a high degree of sequence similarity indicating a close relationship between the species of the B. cereus group. Considering the unusual importance of B. cereus in both food poisoning and food spoilage and to avoid merging all species of the group, a new species, Bacillus weihenstephanensis sp. nov., comprising psychrotolerant 'cereus' strains, is proposed. Isolates of the new species grow at 4-7 degrees C but not at 43 degrees C and can be identified rapidly using rDNA or cspA targeted PCR. The type strain is B. weihenstephanensis WSBC 10204T (= DSM 11821T).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacillus/classification
- Bacillus/isolation & purification
- Bacillus/physiology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Cold Temperature
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Milk/microbiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Species Specificity
- Terminology as Topic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lechner S, Rispeter K, Meisel H, Kraas W, Jung G, Roggendorf M, Zibert A. Antibodies directed to envelope proteins of hepatitis C virus outside of hypervariable region 1. Virology 1998; 243:313-21. [PMID: 9568031 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The relatively high variability of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins E1 and E2 suggests that parts of these proteins other than the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) might be involved in the induction of virus neutralizing antibodies. To test this hypothesis, two HCV proteins, pE1 and pE2 delta, were generated by in vitro translation. They represent amino acids 174-337 of E1 and 411-688 of E2, respectively, of isolate HCV-AD78; the protein pE2 delta contained no HVR1. As a control, protein pG.HVR1, which represents amino acids 384-410 of HVR1 of isolate HCV-AD78, was expressed separately. These three proteins were used in an immunoprecipitation assay to detect the presence of antiviral antibodies in sera of patients infected with the same isolate of HCV (HCV-AD78). Sera were obtained 4-8 months postinfection from patients who later resolved an acute infection or developed chronic liver disease. A high prevalence of antibodies (up to 85.7%) against pE1 and pE2 delta could be detected in both groups of patients, suggesting that these forms of the HCV envelope proteins contain B-cell epitopes. The antibody responses against proteins pE1 and pE2 delta did not differ significantly between patients with resolving or chronic infection, whereas antibodies against protein pG.HVR1 were associated with resolution of infection. Rabbit antisera raised against pE1 and pE2 delta were tested for their ability to neutralize the binding of HCV to susceptible cells in tissue cultures. The results suggested that although a few B-cell epitopes outside of HVR1 can induce virus neutralizing antibodies, these antibodies are probably not associated with the resolution of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rispeter K, Lu M, Lechner S, Zibert A, Roggendorf M. Cloning and characterization of a complete open reading frame of the hepatitis C virus genome in only two cDNA fragments. J Gen Virol 1997; 78 ( Pt 11):2751-9. [PMID: 9367360 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of long cDNA molecules encoding the complete genome of RNA viruses has recently been demonstrated; this major improvement has numerous practical applications such as construction of infectious cDNA clones or study of sequence variability at the level of a single RNA molecule. Using hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model, we established an RT-PCR technique for amplification of cDNA fragments with a length of about 5 kb. The RT reaction was carried out with a Moloney murine leukaemia virus reverse transcriptase lacking detectable RNase H activity. For PCR reactions an enzyme mix containing Taq and Pwo DNA polymerases was used. Hot start and addition of 5% DMSO were also important to efficiently achieve long PCR products. About 10(6) HCV genome equivalents/ml in serum were needed in order to amplify the HCV genome in only two cDNA fragments covering about 98% of the complete genome. Analysis of the HCV quasi-species is also possible by this method as shown by sequencing of the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) after cloning of cDNAs. The integrity of the long cDNA clones was proven by (1) restriction analyses, (2) partial sequencing and (3) expression of respective gene products. In vitro transcribed cDNAs were translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Structural and nonstructural HCV proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation using patient serum. These results suggest that the two cDNA clones encode a complete and functional open reading frame of HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Rispeter
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is a relatively new metal in prosthodontics. As a possible material for removable partial dentures (RPDs), it was used in its pure form to make 10 RPDs which were compared with 10 identical cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy RPDs in a clinical trial. The dentures were used alternately for four weeks, the subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire and then the Co-Cr dentures were withdrawn. The Ti dentures were then followed up for 2 years and another standardized questionnaire administered. A survival rate of rests and retainers of 91% was recorded and the dentures were found to be more comfortable (55%) and preferred (64%) than the Co-Cr dentures. Factors to increase the success rates are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Thomas
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mayr B, Kaplan T, Lechner S, Scherer S. Identification and purification of a family of dimeric major cold shock protein homologs from the psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus WSBC 10201. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:2916-25. [PMID: 8631682 PMCID: PMC178029 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.10.2916-2925.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-cell protein patterns of a psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus strain from cultures grown at 7 and 30 degrees C were compared. This analysis revealed that at least three major proteins are expressed at a significantly higher rate at 7 degrees C than at 30 degrees C. The most abundant of these cold-induced proteins was a small polypeptide of 7.5 kDa, designated CspA, of B. cereus. In addition, four small proteins very similar in size to CspA were seen on both 7 degrees C and 30 degrees C two-dimensional protein gels. Immunoblot analysis using B. cereus anti-CspA antibodies indicated that the five proteins described above plus an additional sixth protein not visible on silver-stained two-dimensional gels are members of a B. cereus cold shock protein family. This hypothesis was corroborated by cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding five proteins of this family. The protein sequences deduced are highly similar and show homology to small procaryotic cold shock proteins and to the cold shock domain of eucaryotic Y-box proteins. Besides CspA, only one of the additional five CspA homologs was slightly cold inducible. In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, the two purified members of the protein family (CspA and CspE) elute as dimers at an apparent molecular mass of 15 kDa from a gel filtration column. At higher salt concentrations, they dissociate into their monomers. Their ability to bind to the ATTGG motif of single-stranded oligonucleotides was demonstrated by band shift analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Mayr
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Forschungszentrum für Milch und Lebensmittel Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Lungs of fetal rats between the 18th and 20th gestational day (total gestation lasting 22 days) were examined. There was a significant increase (p < 0.01) of the dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine content from day 19 to day 20 of gestation. In the second trial, pregnant rats were treated with different doses of betamethasone, L-carnitine, betamethasone-L-carnitine combinations, and saline (controls) for three days before Cesarean section on the 19th gestational day. Maternal injections of 0.10 mg/kg body weight betamethasone and 100 mg/kg body weight L-carnitine significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 respectively) increased the dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine content of fetal lungs. Combinations of either 0.05 or 0.10 mg/kg body weight betamethasone with 100 mg L-carnitine also significantly increased the dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine content of the fetal lungs above control values (p < 0.001) and values achieved with betamethasone alone (p < 0.05). Maternal treatment with a betamethasone-L-carnitine combination on day 19 of gestation resulted in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine levels comparable to those found on the 20th gestational day during normal lung maturation. Fetal rats delivered on the 20th gestational day survived, while fetuses delivered on the 19th gestational day did not survive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lohninger
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Medical School, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lechner S, Eschenbacher KH, Entzeroth R, Mehlhorn H, Rüger W. cDNA clones of Sarcocystis muris (Apicomplexa) encoding a repetitive, arginine-rich region of a putative microneme antigen. Parasitol Res 1994; 80:352-4. [PMID: 8073025 DOI: 10.1007/bf02351879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Arbeitsgruppe Molekulare Genetik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Scherer S, Lechner S, Böger P. psbD sequences of Bumilleriopsis filiformis (Heterokontophyta, Xanthophyceae) and Porphyridium purpureum (Rhodophyta, Bangiophycidae): evidence for polyphyletic origins of plastids. Curr Genet 1993; 24:437-42. [PMID: 8299160 DOI: 10.1007/bf00351854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of the plastidal psbD genes of Bumilleriopsis filiformis and Porphyridium purpureum (encoding the D2 protein of photosystem II) are reported in this paper. The Bumilleriopsis sequence clusters together with Porphyridium when a most parsimonious protein tree of D2 sequences is constructed. A composite D1/D2 protein-similarity network reveals that neither the three red algal sequences nor the two heterokontophyte sequences (Bumilleriopsis, xanthophytes and Ectocarpus, phaeophytes) group together. Therefore, the Heterokontophyta and Rhodophyta may be heterogeneous groups. Instead, it emerges that the D1/D2 proteins of Porphyridium and Bumilleriopsis clearly form a tight cluster. D1 and D2 proteins apparently do not provide a reliable molecular clock. These results fit into hypotheses proposing a polyphyletic origin for complex plastids, even among the supposedly "natural" group of heterokontophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Scherer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, FML, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
There is essentially no flexibility in an osseo-integrated implant system, so that the final fit of the prosthesis must be absolutely precise. A simple approach to this problem is presented with details as to impression taking, confirmation of accuracy of the master cast, fitting of the cast metal framework and construction of the superstructure. The information presented describes a full arch fixed restoration attached to mandibular implants, but may easily be followed for the maxilla or modified for quadrant restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Sydney
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The University of Sydney Dental School and more recently the Implant Centre have been treating patients with the Brånemark Osseointegration Implant System since 1981. Success depends on close cooperation between surgeon and prosthodontist. This paper describes specific prosthodontic treatment planning procedures based on a general knowledge of prosthodontics, and detailed methods for determining the position, length and alignments of the implants for a specific case by the use of radiographic and surgical templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lechner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Sydney
| | | | | |
Collapse
|