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Luna MG, Pahlen S, Corley RP, Wadsworth SJ, Reynolds CA. Frailty and Processing Speed Performance at the Cusp of Midlife in CATSLife. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1834-1842. [PMID: 37480567 PMCID: PMC10645312 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty is not an end state of aging, but rather represents physiological vulnerability across multiple systems that unfolds across adulthood. However, examinations of frailty at the midlife transition, and how frailty may impact other age-sensitive traits, such as processing speed (PS), remain scarce. Our research aims were to examine frailty and frailty-speed associations before midlife, a ripe developmental period for healthy aging interventions. METHODS Using data from the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (N = 1,215; Mage = 33.23 years; standard deviation = 4.98), we constructed 25-item (FI25) and 30-item (FI30) frailty indices. PS was measured using the Colorado Perceptual Speed task and WAIS-III Digit Symbol (DS) subtest. Multilevel models accounted for clustering among siblings and adjusted for sex, race, ethnicity, adoption status, educational attainment, and age. RESULTS Reliability of FI measures was apparent from strong intraclass correlations (ICCs) among identical twin siblings, although ICC patterns across all siblings suggested that FI variability may include nonadditive genetic contributions. Higher FI was associated with poorer PS performance but was significant for DS only (BFI25 = -1.17, p = .001, d = -0.12; BFI30 = -1.21, p = .001, d = -0.12). Furthermore, the negative frailty-DS association was moderated by age (BFI25×age = -0.14, p = .042; BFI30×age=-0.19, p = .008) where increasingly worse performance with higher frailty emerged at older ages. DISCUSSION Frailty is evident before midlife and associated with poorer PS, an association that magnifies with age. These findings help elucidate the interrelationship between indicators of frailty and cognitive performance for adults approaching midlife, an understudied period within life-span development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sally J Wadsworth
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Luczak SE, Beam CR, Pahlen S, Lynch M, Pilgrim M, Reynolds CA, Panizzon MS, Catts VS, Christensen K, Finkel D, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Lee T, McGue M, Nygaard M, Plassman BL, Whitfield KE, Pedersen NL, Gatz M. Remember This: Age Moderation of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Verbal Episodic Memory from Midlife through Late Adulthood. Intelligence 2023; 99:101759. [PMID: 37389150 PMCID: PMC10306264 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that memory is heritable and that older adults tend to have poorer memory performance than younger adults. However, whether the magnitudes of genetic and environmental contributions to late-life verbal episodic memory ability differ from those at earlier ages remains unresolved. Twins from 12 studies participating in the Interplay of Genes and Environment in Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium constituted the analytic sample. Verbal episodic memory was assessed with immediate word list recall (N = 35,204 individuals; 21,792 twin pairs) and prose recall (N = 3,805 individuals; 2,028 twin pairs), with scores harmonized across studies. Average test performance was lower in successively older age groups for both measures. Twin models found significant age moderation for both measures, with total inter-individual variance increasing significantly with age, although it was not possible definitively to attribute the increase specifically to either genetic or environmental sources. Pooled results across all 12 studies were compared to results where we successively dropped each study (leave-one-out) to assure results were not due to an outlier. We conclude the models indicated an overall increase in variance for verbal episodic memory that was driven by a combination of increases in the genetic and nonshared environmental parameters that were not independently statistically significant. In contrast to reported results for other cognitive domains, differences in environmental exposures are comparatively important for verbal episodic memory, especially word list learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Luczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R. Beam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Lynch
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Pilgrim
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chandra A. Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vibeke S. Catts
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Deborah Finkel
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Brenda L. Plassman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Keith E. Whitfield
- Department of Psychology and Brain and Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Phillips DM, Finkel D, Petkus AJ, Muñoz E, Pahlen S, Johnson W, Reynolds CA, Pedersen N. Longitudinal analyses indicate bidirectional associations between loneliness and health. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1217-1225. [PMID: 35699236 PMCID: PMC11039305 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2087210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate temporal dynamics between loneliness and both objective and subjective health (i.e. functional impairment and self-rated health) in mid- to late-adulthood. METHOD We applied bivariate dual-change-score models to longitudinal data from 3 Swedish twin studies (N = 1,939) to explore dynamic associations between loneliness and health across 3 age ranges (50-69, 70-81, and 82+ years) to investigate whether associations between loneliness and health change with age due to increasing incidence of chronic health conditions and bereavement. RESULTS Results showed bidirectional associations between loneliness and both objective and subjective health, with adverse impacts of loneliness observed on subsequent subjective and objective health beginning at age 70. Associations between health and subsequent loneliness were observed after age 82 and varied for subjective and objective health, with subjective health associated with less loneliness and objective health associated with greater loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate dynamic associations between loneliness and health with age in mid- to late-adulthood, with earlier impacts of loneliness on health and later impacts of health on loneliness that vary for objective and subjective measures of health. These findings suggest impacts of health on loneliness may arise later in life when worsening health or mobility interfere with social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna M Phillips
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, IN, USA
- Institute for Gerontology, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Muñoz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh
| | | | - Nancy Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Silventoinen K, Li W, Jelenkovic A, Sund R, Yokoyama Y, Aaltonen S, Piirtola M, Sugawara M, Tanaka M, Matsumoto S, Baker LA, Tuvblad C, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F, Craig JM, Saffery R, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Lichtenstein P, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Christensen K, Skytthe A, Kyvik KO, Saudino KJ, Dubois L, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Ullemar V, Almqvist C, Magnusson PKE, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Haworth CMA, Plomin R, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Beck-Nielsen H, Sodemann M, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Burt SA, Klump KL, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J. Changing genetic architecture of body mass index from infancy to early adulthood: an individual based pooled analysis of 25 twin cohorts. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1901-1909. [PMID: 35945263 PMCID: PMC9492534 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI) shows strong continuity over childhood and adolescence and high childhood BMI is the strongest predictor of adult obesity. Genetic factors strongly contribute to this continuity, but it is still poorly known how their contribution changes over childhood and adolescence. Thus, we used the genetic twin design to estimate the genetic correlations of BMI from infancy to adulthood and compared them to the genetic correlations of height. Methods We pooled individual level data from 25 longitudinal twin cohorts including 38,530 complete twin pairs and having 283,766 longitudinal height and weight measures. The data were analyzed using Cholesky decomposition offering genetic and environmental correlations of BMI and height between all age combinations from 1 to 19 years of age. Results The genetic correlations of BMI and height were stronger than the trait correlations. For BMI, we found that genetic correlations decreased as the age between the assessments increased, a trend that was especially visible from early to middle childhood. In contrast, for height, the genetic correlations were strong between all ages. Age-to-age correlations between environmental factors shared by co-twins were found for BMI in early childhood but disappeared altogether by middle childhood. For height, shared environmental correlations persisted from infancy to adulthood. Conclusions Our results suggest that the genes affecting BMI change over childhood and adolescence leading to decreasing age-to-age genetic correlations. This change is especially visible from early to middle childhood indicating that new genetic factors start to affect BMI in middle childhood. Identifying mediating pathways of these genetic factors can open possibilities for interventions, especially for those children with high genetic predisposition to adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Weilong Li
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland.,UKK Institute - Centre for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Masumi Sugawara
- Faculty of Human Studies, Shirayuri University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Tanaka
- Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsumoto
- Institute for Education and Human Development, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laura A Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Skytthe
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kimberly J Saudino
- Boston University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciencies, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lise Dubois
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Frank Vitaro
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vilhelmina Ullemar
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Women's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Brooke M Huibregtse
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - David Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Abramson
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Robert Plomin
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Sodemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Fisher
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Vo TT, Pahlen S, Kremen WS, McGue M, Dahl Aslan A, Nygaard M, Christensen K, Reynolds CA. Does sleep duration moderate genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive performance? Sleep 2022; 45:6612488. [PMID: 35727734 PMCID: PMC9548666 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While prior research has demonstrated a relationship between sleep and cognitive performance, how sleep relates to underlying genetic and environmental etiologies contributing to cognitive functioning, regardless of the level of cognitive function, is unclear. The present study assessed whether the importance of genetic and environmental contributions to cognition vary depending on an individual's aging-related sleep characteristics. The large sample consisted of twins from six studies within the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium spanning mid- to late-life (Average age [Mage] = 57.6, range = 27-91 years, N = 7052, Female = 43.70%, 1525 complete monozygotic [MZ] pairs, 2001 complete dizygotic [DZ] pairs). Quantitative genetic twin models considered sleep duration as a primary moderator of genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive performance in four cognitive abilities (Semantic Fluency, Spatial-Visual Reasoning, Processing Speed, and Episodic Memory), while accounting for age moderation. Results suggested genetic and both shared and nonshared environmental contributions for Semantic Fluency and genetic and shared environmental contributions for Episodic Memory vary by sleep duration, while no significant moderation was observed for Spatial-Visual Reasoning or Processing Speed. Results for Semantic Fluency and Episodic Memory illustrated patterns of higher genetic influences on cognitive function at shorter sleep durations (i.e. 4 hours) and higher shared environmental contributions to cognitive function at longer sleep durations (i.e. 10 hours). Overall, these findings may align with associations of upregulation of neuroinflammatory processes and ineffective beta-amyloid clearance in short sleep contexts and common reporting of mental fatigue in long sleep contexts, both associated with poorer cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina T Vo
- Corresponding author. Tina T. Vo, Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521-9800, USA.
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Dahl Aslan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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6
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Whitsel N, Reynolds CA, Buchholz EJ, Pahlen S, Pearce RC, Hatton SN, Elman JA, Gillespie NA, Gustavson DE, Puckett OK, Dale AM, Eyler LT, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler DJ, Hauger RL, McEvoy LK, McKenzie R, Neale MC, Panizzon MS, Sanderson-Cimino M, Toomey R, Tu XM, Williams MKE, Bell T, Xian H, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS, Franz CE. Long-term associations of cigarette smoking in early mid-life with predicted brain aging from mid- to late life. Addiction 2022; 117:1049-1059. [PMID: 34605095 PMCID: PMC8904283 DOI: 10.1111/add.15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smoking is associated with increased risk for brain aging/atrophy and dementia. Few studies have examined early associations with brain aging. This study aimed to measure whether adult men with a history of heavier smoking in early mid-life would have older than predicted brain age 16-28 years later. DESIGN Prospective cohort observational study, utilizing smoking pack years data from average age 40 (early mid-life) predicting predicted brain age difference scores (PBAD) at average ages 56, 62 (later mid-life) and 68 years (early old age). Early mid-life alcohol use was also evaluated. SETTING Population-based United States sample. PARTICIPANTS/CASES Participants were male twins of predominantly European ancestry who served in the United States military between 1965 and 1975. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) began at average age 56. Subsequent study waves included most baseline participants; attrition replacement subjects were added at later waves. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported smoking information was used to calculate pack years smoked at ages 40, 56, 62, and 68. MRIs were processed with the Brain-Age Regression Analysis and Computation Utility software (BARACUS) program to create PBAD scores (chronological age-predicted brain age) acquired at average ages 56 (n = 493; 2002-08), 62 (n = 408; 2009-14) and 68 (n = 499; 2016-19). FINDINGS In structural equation modeling, age 40 pack years predicted more advanced age 56 PBAD [β = -0.144, P = 0.012, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.257, -0.032]. Age 40 pack years did not additionally predict PBAD at later ages. Age 40 alcohol consumption, but not a smoking × alcohol interaction, predicted more advanced PBAD at age 56 (β = -0.166, P = 0.001, 95% CI = -0.261, -0.070) with additional influences at age 62 (β = -0.115, P = 0.005, 95% CI = -0.195, -0.036). Age 40 alcohol did not predict age 68 PBAD. Within-twin-pair analyses suggested some genetic mechanism partially underlying effects of alcohol, but not smoking, on PBAD. CONCLUSIONS Heavier smoking and alcohol consumption by age 40 appears to predict advanced brain aging by age 56 in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Whitsel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Erik J Buchholz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rahul C Pearce
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy A Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel E Gustavson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivia K Puckett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ruth McKenzie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Sanderson-Cimino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rosemary Toomey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin M Tu
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mc Kenna E Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
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7
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Finkel D, Zavala C, Franz CE, Pahlen S, Gatz M, Pedersen NL, Finch BK, Dahl Aslan A, Catts VS, Ericsson M, Krueger RF, Martin NG, Mohan A, Mosing MA, Prescott CA, Whitfield KE. Financial strain moderates genetic influences on self-rated health: support for diathesis-stress model of gene-environment interplay. Biodemography Soc Biol 2022; 67:58-70. [PMID: 35156881 PMCID: PMC9038652 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2022.2037069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Data from the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium were used to examine predictions of different models of gene-by-environment interaction to understand how genetic variance in self-rated health (SRH) varies at different levels of financial strain. A total of 11,359 individuals from 10 twin studies in Australia, Sweden, and the United States contributed relevant data, including 2,074 monozygotic and 2,623 dizygotic twin pairs. Age ranged from 22 to 98 years, with a mean age of 61.05 (SD = 13.24). A factor model was used to create a harmonized measure of financial strain across studies and items. Twin analyses of genetic and environmental variance for SRH incorporating age, age2, sex, and financial strain moderators indicated significant financial strain moderation of genetic influences on self-rated health. Moderation results did not differ across sex or country. Genetic variance for SRH increased as financial strain increased, matching the predictions of the diathesis-stress and social comparison models for components of variance. Under these models, environmental improvements would be expected to reduce genetically based health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, Indiana
- Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network-Jönköping (ARN-J), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Catalina Zavala
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Brian K Finch
- Department of Sociology and Spatial Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna Dahl Aslan
- Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network-Jönköping (ARN-J), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vibeke S Catts
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Malin Ericsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adith Mohan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Miriam A Mosing
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carol A Prescott
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Keith E Whitfield
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
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8
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Luna M, Pahlen S, Corley R, Wadsworth S, Reynolds C. Frailty and Processing Speed Performance at the Cusp of Midlife in CATSLife. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681548 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Frailty is an important multi-domain measure of health status and aging. Processing speed (PS) performance may be predictive of later frailty among older adults, but the interrelation between frailty and PS at the cusp of mid-adulthood is unclear. Using data from the ongoing Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan Behavioral Development and Cognitive Aging (CATSLife; N = 1213; Mean age = 33.22 years; SD = 5.0), we constructed a 24-item frailty sum score across anthropomorphic, objective health, and perceived health and engagement measures based on the Accumulation of Deficits model. PS was measured using the Colorado Perceptual Speed (CPS) and WAIS-III Digit Symbol (DS) tests. All mixed-effects regression models accounted for clustering among siblings, and covariates included sex, age, race, ethnicity, and educational attainment. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) [95% CI] for frailty among siblings, adjusted for sex and age, ranged from near zero for siblings in adoptive families, .13 [.08-.30] for nonadoptive siblings/fraternal (DZ) twins, and .44 [.40-.48] for identical (MZ) twins, suggesting possible heritable influences. Poorer PS performance was associated with higher frailty, but was significant for DS only (B: DS = -0.43, p =.005). Furthermore, the DS-frailty association was magnified by age (B: DSxAge = -0.06, p =.025), suggesting that the associations between processing speed and frailty may increase with age. These findings help elucidate the interrelationship between indicators of frailty and cognitive performance for adults approaching midlife, a salient and understudied period within lifespan development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luna
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- University of California, University of California, California, United States
| | - Robin Corley
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Sally Wadsworth
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Chandra Reynolds
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States
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9
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Vo T, Pahlen S, Kremen W, Gue MM, Nygaard M, Reynolds C. Are Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Verbal Fluency and Episodic Memory Solely Moderated by Sleep? Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681776 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreases in sleep duration and cognitive functioning often occur and co-occur in aging although these patterns are not universal. Underlying etiologies, i.e., genetic and environmental factors, contribute to why people differ on cognitive functioning at shorter versus longer sleep durations. The current study tested whether sleep duration alters the genetic and environmental contributions to why middle-aged and older adults vary on cognitive functioning. Using 4 twin studies from the Interplay of Genes and Environment Across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium (Mage=56.5, range=35.0-91.2, N=5,210, 1,083 complete MZ pairs, 1,522 complete DZ pairs) we tested quantitative genetic twin models considering sleep, depressive symptoms, and age as moderators of verbal fluency (i.e., Animal Naming) and episodic memory (i.e., Word List). For verbal fluency, sleep duration and depressive symptoms were significant when dropped together from the model (χ2(6)=15.22, p=0.02) but not individually (χ2sleep(3)=7.17, p=0.07; χ2dep(3)=5.81, p=0.12), indicating that both moderators may affect differences in verbal fluency performance. For episodic memory, sleep duration moderation was only significant via the shared environmental factor (χ2(1)=5.26, p=0.02), indicating that sleep may affect differences in episodic memory performance via environmental influences that make siblings more similar to one another. Overall, results illustrate patterns of higher genetic influences on cognitive function at short sleep (4 hours) and higher shared environmental influences on cognitive function at long sleep (10 hours). These findings may align with associations of upregulation of neuroinflammatory processes at short sleep and common reporting of mental fatigue at long sleep, both of which are associated with poorer cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vo
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- University of California, University of California, California, United States
| | - William Kremen
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Matthew Mc Gue
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Chandra Reynolds
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States
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10
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Pahlen S, Stallings M, Corley R, Wadsworth S, Reynolds C. Consequential Impacts of Tobacco Use on Cognitive Performance. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8682695 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use represents a pernicious lifestyle factor that may influence processes of aging, including cognitive functioning. As individuals tend to start smoking before adulthood, it may serve as an important factor in cognitive development and maintenance. We explored smoking history-cognition associations in a sample approaching midlife. Study data was derived from the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife 1; N = 1195 [53% F]; x̄age = 33.2 years, SD = 5.0). All cognitive measures were t-scored covering working memory, spatial reasoning, processing speed (WAIS-III Digit Span, Block Design, and Digit Symbol, and Colorado Perceptual Speed) and episodic memory domains (Picture Memory, immediate and delayed). Tobacco use measures included ever-smokers, current-smokers, and log-transformed packyears. Mixed-effects regression models were applied, accounting for sex, age, race, ethnicity, and clustering among siblings. Tobacco use was associated with worse episodic memory, spatial and speed performance, but not working memory. When educational attainment was included, patterns remained consistent though attenuated. Results suggested current-smokers scored 0.27 to 0.36 SD lower than non-smokers on speed and spatial reasoning tasks. Episodic memory performance was reduced by approximately 0.07 to 0.1 SD per log packyear. In a sample approaching midlife, the harmful impacts of tobacco use on cognitive performance may be already apparent with cumulative impacts of packyears on episodic memory and current smoking associated with spatial and speed performance. This work helps to elucidate the temporal associations of an important lifestyle factor that may influence cognitive functioning prior to midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandell Pahlen
- University of California, University of California, California, United States
| | | | - Robin Corley
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Sally Wadsworth
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Chandra Reynolds
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States
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11
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Silventoinen K, Bogl LH, Jelenkovic A, Vuoksimaa E, Latvala A, Li W, Tan Q, Zhang D, Pang Z, Ordoñana JR, Sánchez-Romera JF, Colodro-Conde L, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Rebato E, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Hopper JL, Tyler J, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Silberg JL, Maes HH, Kandler C, Cozen W, Hwang AE, Mack TM, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Medda E, Nisticò L, Toccaceli V, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Heikkilä K, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJF, Magnusson PKE, Pedersen NL, Dahl Aslan AK, Hotopf M, Sumathipala A, Rijsdijk F, Siribaddana SH, Rose RJ, Sørensen TIA, Boomsma DI, Kaprio J. Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins: An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105054. [PMID: 34488063 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Comparing twins from same- and opposite-sex pairs can provide information on potential sex differences in a variety of outcomes, including socioeconomic-related outcomes such as educational attainment. It has been suggested that this design can be applied to examine the putative role of intrauterine exposure to testosterone for educational attainment, but the evidence is still disputed. Thus, we established an international database of twin data from 11 countries with 88,290 individual dizygotic twins born over 100 years and tested for differences between twins from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs in educational attainment. Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by linear regression models after adjusting for birth year and twin study cohort. In contrast to the hypothesis, no difference was found in women (β = -0.05 educational years, 95% CI -0.11, 0.02). However, men with a same-sex co-twin were slightly more educated than men having an opposite-sex co-twin (β = 0.14 educational years, 95% CI 0.07, 0.21). No consistent differences in effect sizes were found between individual twin study cohorts representing Europe, the USA, and Australia or over the cohorts born during the 20th century, during which period the sex differences in education reversed favoring women in the latest birth cohorts. Further, no interaction was found with maternal or paternal education. Our results contradict the hypothesis that there would be differences in the intrauterine testosterone levels between same-sex and opposite-sex female twins affecting education. Our findings in men may point to social dynamics within same-sex twin pairs that may benefit men in their educational careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Leonie H Bogl
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Weilong Li
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Romera
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucia Colodro-Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - John L Hopper
- Twin Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica Tyler
- Twin Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry & Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amie E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, USA
| | | | - Emanuela Medda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Nisticò
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Virgilia Toccaceli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna K Dahl Aslan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network-Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Athula Sumathipala
- Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka; Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, School for Primary Care Research (SPCR), Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Sisira H Siribaddana
- Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka; Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Gustavson DE, Panizzon MS, Kremen WS, Reynolds CA, Pahlen S, Nygaard M, Wod M, Catts VS, Lee T, Gatz M, Franz CE. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Semantic Verbal Fluency Across Midlife and Later Life. Behav Genet 2021; 51:99-109. [PMID: 33547998 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the relevance of semantic fluency measures to risk for dementia and psychiatric disorders, little is known about their genetic and environmental architecture in mid-to-late life. Participants represent 21,684 middle-aged and older adult twins (M = 60.84 years, SD = 11.21; Range 40-89) from six studies from three countries participating in the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium. All completed the same measure of semantic fluency (naming animals in 60 seconds). Results revealed small-to-moderate phenotypic associations with age and education, with education more strongly and positively associated with fluency performance in females than males. Heritability and environmental influences did not vary by age. Environmental variance was smaller with higher levels of education, but this effect was observed only in males. This is the largest study to examine the genetic and environmental architecture of semantic fluency, and the first to demonstrate that environmental influences vary based on levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Gustavson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1420B Medical Center East, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mette Wod
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Vibeke S Catts
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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13
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Warren T, Pahlen S, Xian H, De Anda J, Kremen W, Franz C. The Effect of Midlife Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Cognitive Function Nearly Half a Decade Later. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7740929 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) have been associated with poor cognitive function. However, few studies have examined these factors longitudinally during midlife. We hypothesized that more midlife CVRFs would predict worse cognitive function approximately six years later. Participants were 886 men who participated in waves 2 and 3 of the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. The American Heart Association’s “Life’s Simple 7” index was used to measure CVRFs. CVRFs were assessed at mean age 61 (range 55-66) and included smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure. Each factor was coded on a 3-point scale (0-2), ranging from poor to ideal status. These scores were then used to create a composite CVRF index (0-14). We examined several cognitive domains assessed at mean age 67 (range 61-73): abstract reasoning, episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, working memory, general verbal fluency, and semantic fluency. Analyses were adjusted for ethnicity, and education, and mean age 61. In the generalized estimating equation models, there were significant main effects indicating that the CVRF index at mean age 61 significantly predicted cognitive function at mean age 67 in episodic memory, 95% CI [.01, .08], p = .01, processing speed, 95% CI [.02, .09], p = .01, and executive function, 95% CI [.00, .06] ], p = .03. The CVRF index did not predict cognitive function in the other cognitive domains. These results suggest that poor cardiovascular health in late midlife may exacerbate cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Warren
- San Diego State University, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Hong Xian
- Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | | | - William Kremen
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Carol Franz
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
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14
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Silventoinen K, Jelenkovic A, Sund R, Latvala A, Honda C, Inui F, Tomizawa R, Watanabe M, Sakai N, Rebato E, Busjahn A, Tyler J, Hopper JL, Ordoñana JR, Sánchez-Romera JF, Colodro-Conde L, Calais-Ferreira L, Oliveira VC, Ferreira PH, Medda E, Nisticò L, Toccaceli V, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJF, Siribaddana SH, Hotopf M, Sumathipala A, Rijsdijk F, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F, Tan Q, Zhang D, Pang Z, Magnusson PKE, Pedersen NL, Dahl Aslan AK, Hwang AE, Mack TM, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Harris JR, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Silberg JL, Maes HH, Kandler C, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Gatz M, Butler DA, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Park HA, Lee J, Lee SJ, Sung J, Yokoyama Y, Sørensen TIA, Boomsma DI, Kaprio J. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12681. [PMID: 32728164 PMCID: PMC7391756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural-geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41-0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30-0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900-1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41-0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950-1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36-0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29-0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32-0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Sund
- Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chika Honda
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fujio Inui
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Rie Tomizawa
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Jessica Tyler
- Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Romera
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucia Colodro-Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lucas Calais-Ferreira
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vinicius C Oliveira
- Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Ferreira
- Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Nisticò
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Virgilia Toccaceli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sisira H Siribaddana
- Institute of Research and Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Athula Sumathipala
- Institute of Research and Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, School for Primary Care Research (SPCR), Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna K Dahl Aslan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network - Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Amie E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ingunn Brandt
- Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas S Nilsen
- Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer R Harris
- Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | | | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Butler
- Health and Medicine Division, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hang A Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Ji Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Pahlen S, Kremen W, Reynolds CA. GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERPLAY BETWEEN SMOKING BEHAVIOR AND COGNITION AMONG OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6840497 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between smoking behavior and lower cognitive functioning have been observed but there is a paucity of evidence examining the etiological impact of smoking on cognition. The current study explored the moderation of genetic and environmental contributions to cognition across mid and late-adulthood by smoking behaviors in 8 twin studies from the international IGEMS consortium (N=11,764; Mage=63.1 years). Mixed effects regression models between smoking behavior and cognition found the strongest negative effects for smoking on Symbol Digit (Bpackyears=-1.42, p<.0001) and Block Design (Bpackyears=-1.79, p=.0008), while controlling for dependency between twin siblings, age, sex, and country. Although the negative effects tended to be more pronounced for males, we did not find significant sex moderation. Univariate biometric models considered smoking behavior (status and pack years) and age as moderators of genetic and environmental components contributing to cognitive performance. Results for both Symbol Digit and Block Design suggest that smoking (current and past) is associated with lower genetic, and higher environmental influences on cognition compared to non-smoking. For Block Design, but not for Symbol Digit, pack years moderated shared environmental contributions, with the highest contributions found for current smokers compared to former. Overall, results illustrate an increasing saliency of smoking related environmental influences for processing speed and spatial reasoning tasks. Cognitive tasks with speed components may be sensitive to age-related declines, and speed may also represent a factor vulnerable to smoking exposure, potentially implicating important health and neurobiological pathways. Supported by NIH Grant Nos. R56 AG037985, R01 AG060470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandell Pahlen
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States
| | - William Kremen
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States
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16
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Yokoyama Y, Jelenkovic A, Hur YM, Sund R, Fagnani C, Stazi MA, Brescianini S, Ji F, Ning F, Pang Z, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Rebato E, Hopper JL, Cutler TL, Saudino KJ, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJF, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Beck-Nielsen H, Sodemann M, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Willemsen G, Harris JR, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Craig JM, Saffery R, Dubois L, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Haworth CMA, Plomin R, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Rasmussen F, Tynelius P, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Ooki S, Rose RJ, Pietiläinen KH, Sørensen TIA, Boomsma DI, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:1195-1206. [PMID: 29788280 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth cohorts, and how gestational age modifies these effects. Methods Data from 26 twin cohorts in 16 countries including 57 613 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were pooled. Genetic and environmental variations of birth size were estimated using genetic structural equation modelling. Results The variance of birthweight and length was predominantly explained by shared environmental factors, whereas the variance of PI was explained both by shared and unique environmental factors. Genetic variance contributing to birth size was small. Adjusting for gestational age decreased the proportions of shared environmental variance and increased the propositions of unique environmental variance. Genetic variance was similar in the geographical-cultural regions, but shared environmental variance was smaller in East Asia than in Europe and North America and Australia. The total variance and shared environmental variance of birth length and PI were greater from the birth cohort 1990-99 onwards compared with the birth cohorts from 1970-79 to 1980-89. Conclusions The contribution of genetic factors to birth size is smaller than that of shared environmental factors, which is partly explained by gestational age. Shared environmental variances of birth length and PI were greater in the latest birth cohorts and differed also across geographical-cultural regions. Shared environmental factors are important when explaining differences in the variation of birth size globally and over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yoon-Mi Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Reijo Sund
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria A Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Brescianini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Fuling Ji
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Ning
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Ariel Knafo-Noam
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Abramson
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - John L Hopper
- Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tessa L Cutler
- Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberly J Saudino
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciencies, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciencies and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Fisher
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology
| | | | - Morten Sodemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R Harris
- Department of Genetic Research and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Brandt
- Department of Genetic Research and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas S Nilsen
- Department of Genetic Research and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lise Dubois
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Tomskaya oblast', Russian Federation
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ginette Dionne
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Robert Plomin
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Danshiitsoodol Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Syuichi Ooki
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland?>
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Silventoinen K, Jelenkovic A, Latvala A, Yokoyama Y, Sund R, Sugawara M, Tanaka M, Matsumoto S, Aaltonen S, Piirtola M, Freitas DL, Maia JA, Öncel SY, Aliev F, Ji F, Ning F, Pang Z, Rebato E, Saudino KJ, Cutler TL, Hopper JL, Ullemar V, Almqvist C, Magnusson PKE, Cozen W, Hwang AE, Mack TM, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Sung J, Kim J, Lee J, Lee S, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Medda E, Nisticò L, Toccaceli V, Baker LA, Tuvblad C, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJF, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Burt SA, Klump KL, Silberg JL, Maes HH, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Gatz M, Butler DA, Harris JR, Nilsen TS, Harden KP, Tucker-Drob EM, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Lichtenstein P, Jeong HU, Hur YM, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age: A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:855-865. [PMID: 30950584 PMCID: PMC6478550 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of BMI from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions. METHODS A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143,499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from age 1 to 79 years (299,201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling. RESULTS Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education level was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education levels. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low education level category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia. CONCLUSIONS Lower parental education level is associated with higher mean BMI and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay among genetic predisposition, childhood social environment, and macro-social context is important for socioeconomic differences in BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reijo Sund
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Masumi Sugawara
- Department of Psychology, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Tanaka
- Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsumoto
- Institute for Education and Human Development, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Duarte L Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José A Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, Porto, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sevgi Y Öncel
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Psychology and African American Studies, Viginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fuling Ji
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Ning
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Kimberly J Saudino
- Boston University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciencies, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tessa L Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vilhelmina Ullemar
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amie E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South-Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooji Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Nisticò
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Rome, Italy
| | - Virgilia Toccaceli
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Rome, Italy
| | - Laura A Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Brooke M Huibregtse
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth JF Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Abramson
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Kelly L Klump
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry & Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Butler
- Health and Medicine Division, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Boston University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hoe-Uk Jeong
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Mi Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thorkild IA Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vo
- University of California Riverside
| | - S Pahlen
- University of California Riverside
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19
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Pahlen S, Reynolds C. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMOKING DURATION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN MID- AND LATE-LIFE: A CO-TWIN CONTROL STUDY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Pahlen
- University of California Riverside
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20
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Jelenkovic A, Mikkonen J, Martikainen P, Latvala A, Yokoyama Y, Sund R, Vuoksimaa E, Rebato E, Sung J, Kim J, Lee J, Lee S, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, Brescianini S, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJF, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Harris JR, Cutler TL, Hopper JL, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Association between birth weight and educational attainment: an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72:832-837. [PMID: 29848580 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-210403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that birth weight is positively associated with education, but it remains unclear whether this association is explained by familial environmental factors, genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birth weight and educational years within twin pairs, which controls for genetic factors and the environment shared between co-twins. METHODS The data were derived from nine twin cohorts in eight countries including 6116 complete twin pairs. The association between birth weight and educational attainment was analysed both between individuals and within pairs using linear regression analyses. RESULTS In between-individual analyses, birth weight was not associated with educational years. Within-pairs analyses revealed positive but modest associations for some sex, zygosity and birth year groups. The greatest association was found in dizygotic (DZ) men (0.65 educational years/kg birth weight, p=0.006); smaller effects of 0.3 educational years/kg birth weight were found within monozygotic (MZ) twins of both sexes and opposite-sex DZ twins. The magnitude of the associations differed by birth year in MZ women and opposite-sex DZ twins, showing a positive association in the 1915-1959 birth cohort but no association in the 1960-1984 birth cohort. CONCLUSION Although associations are weak and somewhat inconsistent, our results suggest that intrauterine environment may play a role when explaining the association between birth weight and educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Janne Mikkonen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reijo Sund
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sooji Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Maria A Stazi
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Brescianini
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciencies and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Keith E Whitfield
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ingunn Brandt
- Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas S Nilsen
- Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer R Harris
- Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tessa L Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.,The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Jelenkovic A, Yokoyama Y, Sund R, Hur YM, Harris JR, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Ooki S, Ullemar V, Almqvist C, Magnusson PKE, Saudino KJ, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, Brescianini S, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Cutler TL, Hopper JL, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Beck-Nielsen H, Sodemann M, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Alexandra Burt S, Klump KL, Dubois L, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveld CEM, Craig JM, Saffery R, Rasmussen F, Tynelius P, Heikkilä K, Pietiläinen KH, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Haworth CMA, Plomin R, Ji F, Ning F, Pang Z, Rebato E, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Kim J, Lee J, Lee S, Sung J, Loos RJF, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project. Early Hum Dev 2018; 120:53-60. [PMID: 29656171 PMCID: PMC6532975 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. AIM To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. METHODS This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. RESULTS Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. CONCLUSION Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Y Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - YM Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - JR Harris
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Brandt
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - TS Nilsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Ooki
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - V Ullemar
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - PKE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - KJ Saudino
- Boston University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - MA Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - C Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - S Brescianini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - TL Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, USA
| | - KE Whitfield
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Knafo-Noam
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Abramson
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - TL Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - JL Hopper
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - CH Llewellyn
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - RP Corley
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - BM Huibregtse
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - CA Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | - RF Vlietinck
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - H Beck-Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Sodemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - RF Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - KL Klump
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L Dubois
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Boivin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
| | - M Brendgen
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Dionne
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - F Vitaro
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - CEM van Beijsterveld
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - JM Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Rasmussen
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - P Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - KH Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Bayasgalan
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - D Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - CMA Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Plomin
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - F Ji
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - F Ning
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Z Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - E Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - AD Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - DL Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - RJF Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - DI Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - TIA Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Pahlen S, Hamdi NR, Dahl Aslan AK, Horwitz BN, Panizzon MS, Petersen I, Zavala C, Christensen K, Finkel D, Franz CE, Gatz M, Johnson W, Kremen WS, Krueger RF, Neiderhiser JM, Reynolds CA, Pedersen NL, McGue M. Age-Moderation of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Cognitive Functioning in Mid- and Late-Life for Specific Cognitive Abilities. Intelligence 2018; 68:70-81. [PMID: 30573937 PMCID: PMC6296772 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Age moderation of genetic and environmental contributions to Digits Forward, Digits Backward, Block Design, Symbol Digit, Vocabulary, and Synonyms was investigated in a sample of 14,534 twins aged 26 to 98 years. The Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium contributed the sample, which represents nine studies from three countries (USA, Denmark, and Sweden). Average test performance was lower in successively older age groups for all tests. Significant age moderation of additive genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental variance components was observed, but the pattern varied by test. The genetic contribution to phenotypic variance across age was smaller for both Digit Span tests, greater for Synonyms, and stable for Block Design and Symbol Digit. The non-shared environmental contribution was greater with age for the Digit Span tests and Block Design, while the shared environmental component was small for all tests, often more so with age. Vocabulary showed similar age-moderation patterns as Synonyms, but these effects were nonsignificant. Findings are discussed in the context of theories of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA,Correspondence: Shandell Pahlen, Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, 900 University Ave, CA 92521, Riverside, USA.
| | - Nayla R. Hamdi
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anna K. Dahl Aslan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden,Jönköping Affiliation to School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Briana N. Horwitz
- Department of Psychology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Inge Petersen
- The Danish Twin Register, The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Catalina Zavala
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Register, The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Deborah Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, IN 47150, USA
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Chandra A. Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,The Danish Twin Register, The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
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23
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Jelenkovic A, Yokoyama Y, Sund R, Pietiläinen KH, Hur YM, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt TCEM, Ooki S, Saudino KJ, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, D’Ippolito C, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Heikkilä K, Cutler TL, Hopper JL, Wardle J, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJF, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Beck-Nielsen H, Sodemann M, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Burt SA, Klump KL, Ordoñana JR, Sánchez-Romera JF, Colodro-Conde L, Dubois L, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Harris JR, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Craig JM, Saffery R, Rasmussen F, Tynelius P, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Haworth CMA, Plomin R, Ji F, Ning F, Pang Z, Rebato E, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Association between birthweight and later body mass index: an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1488-1498. [PMID: 28369451 PMCID: PMC5837357 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that birthweight is positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birthweight and BMI from infancy to adulthood within twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. Methods This study is based on the data from 27 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 78 642 twin individuals (20 635 monozygotic and 18 686 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs) with information on birthweight and a total of 214 930 BMI measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 49 years. The association between birthweight and BMI was analysed at both the individual and within-pair levels using linear regression analyses. Results At the individual level, a 1-kg increase in birthweight was linearly associated with up to 0.9 kg/m2 higher BMI (P < 0.001). Within twin pairs, regression coefficients were generally greater (up to 1.2 kg/m2 per kg birthweight, P < 0.001) than those from the individual-level analyses. Intra-pair associations between birthweight and later BMI were similar in both zygosity groups and sexes and were lower in adulthood. Conclusions These findings indicate that environmental factors unique to each individual have an important role in the positive association between birthweight and later BMI, at least until young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reijo Sund
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoon-Mi Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Syuichi Ooki
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kimberly J Saudino
- Boston University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciencies, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria A Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità—National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità—National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina D’Ippolito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità—National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciencies and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, USA
| | | | | | - David Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Abramson
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tessa L Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jane Wardle
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Brooke M Huibregtse
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth JF Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Sodemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Kelly L Klump
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Romera
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucia Colodro-Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lise Dubois
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psycholoy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Departement of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Danshiitsoodol Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Claire MA Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert Plomin
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Fuling Ji
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Ning
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorkild IA Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics), and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formely Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Silventoinen K, Jelenkovic A, Sund R, Yokoyama Y, Hur YM, Cozen W, Hwang AE, Mack TM, Honda C, Inui F, Iwatani Y, Watanabe M, Tomizawa R, Pietiläinen KH, Rissanen A, Siribaddana SH, Hotopf M, Sumathipala A, Rijsdijk F, Tan Q, Zhang D, Pang Z, Piirtola M, Aaltonen S, Öncel SY, Aliev F, Rebato E, Hjelmborg JB, Christensen K, Skytthe A, Kyvik KO, Silberg JL, Eaves LJ, Cutler TL, Ordoñana JR, Sánchez-Romera JF, Colodro-Conde L, Song YM, Yang S, Lee K, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Busjahn A, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Kandler C, Jang KL, Gatz M, Butler DA, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, D’Ippolito C, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Jeong HU, Swan GE, Krasnow R, Magnusson PKE, Pedersen NL, Dahl Aslan AK, McAdams TA, Eley TC, Gregory AM, Tynelius P, Baker LA, Tuvblad C, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Spector TD, Mangino M, Lachance G, Burt SA, Klump KL, Harris JR, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Willemsen G, Goldberg JH, Rasmussen F, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJF, Hopper JL, Sung J, Maes HH, Turkheimer E, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:457-466. [PMID: 28679550 PMCID: PMC5525120 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.153643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs).Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Departments of Social Research and .,Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Departments of Social Research and,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Reijo Sund
- Departments of Social Research and,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoon-Mi Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Amie E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Chika Honda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fujio Inui
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;,Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rie Tomizawa
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sisira H Siribaddana
- Institute of Research and Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka;,Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience
| | - Athula Sumathipala
- Institute of Research and Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka;,Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, School for Primary Care Research, Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, and
| | - Qihua Tan
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Departments of Public Health and
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- Departments of Social Research and,Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Departments of Social Research and,Public Health, and
| | - Sevgi Y Öncel
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey;,Departments of Psychology and,African American Studies
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry,,Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Clinical Genetics, and
| | | | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, and
| | - Lindon J Eaves
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, and
| | - Tessa L Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain;,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Romera
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain;,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucia Colodro-Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain;,Quantitative Genetics Laboratory and
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarah Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA;,US Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Kerry L Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Departments of
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA;,Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - David A Butler
- Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Maria A Stazi
- Italian National Institute of Health National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Italian National Institute of Health National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina D’Ippolito
- Italian National Institute of Health National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Washington State Twin Registry, Health Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Health Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hoe-Uk Jeong
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Gary E Swan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ruth Krasnow
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | | | | | - Anna K Dahl Aslan
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and,Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Tom A McAdams
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, and
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, and
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per Tynelius
- Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura A Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA;,School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Danshiitsoodol Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;,Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom;,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Brooke M Huibregtse
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jack H Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary;,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary;,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth JF Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - John L Hopper
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and,The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics and Psychiatry, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Eric Turkheimer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thorkild IA Sørensen
- Section on Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Public Health, and,Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Bogl LH, Jelenkovic A, Vuoksimaa E, Ahrenfeldt L, Pietiläinen KH, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, D'Ippolito C, Hur YM, Jeong HU, Silberg JL, Eaves LJ, Maes HH, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Cutler TL, Kandler C, Jang KL, Christensen K, Skytthe A, Kyvik KO, Cozen W, Hwang AE, Mack TM, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, McAdams TA, Eley TC, Gregory AM, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt TCEM, Pang Z, Tan Q, Zhang D, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Hjelmborg JVB, Rebato E, Swan GE, Krasnow R, Busjahn A, Lichtenstein P, Öncel SY, Aliev F, Baker LA, Tuvblad C, Siribaddana SH, Hotopf M, Sumathipala A, Rijsdijk F, Magnusson PKE, Pedersen NL, Aslan AKD, Ordoñana JR, Sánchez-Romera JF, Colodro-Conde L, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Yokoyama Y, Hopper JL, Loos RJF, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Silventoinen K, Kaprio J. Does the sex of one's co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:14. [PMID: 28465822 PMCID: PMC5408365 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. Methods The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. Results OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. Conclusions We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-017-0134-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H Bogl
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Ahrenfeldt
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria A Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Ippolito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoon-Mi Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Hoe-Uk Jeong
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Lindon J Eaves
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry & Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | | | - Danshiitsoodol Narandalai
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tessa L Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | | | - Kerry L Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Skytthe
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Amie E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | | | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - Tom A McAdams
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihua Tan
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacob V B Hjelmborg
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Gary E Swan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Ruth Krasnow
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | | | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevgi Y Öncel
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Psychology and African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.,Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Laura A Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.,School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sisira H Siribaddana
- Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka.,Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Athula Sumathipala
- Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka.,Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, School for Primary Care Research (SPCR), Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna K Dahl Aslan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network-Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Romera
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucia Colodro-Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University-Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University-Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - John L Hopper
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics), and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, The Capital Region Denmark
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Wright ZE, Pahlen S, Krueger RF. Genetic and environmental influences on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) maladaptive personality traits and their connections with normative personality traits. J Abnorm Psychol 2017; 126:416-428. [PMID: 28368150 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) proposes an alternative model for personality disorders, which includes maladaptive-level personality traits. These traits can be operationalized by the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5). Although there has been extensive research on genetic and environmental influences on normative level personality, the heritability of the DSM-5 traits remains understudied. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by assessing traits indexed by the PID-5 and the International Personality Item Pool NEO (IPIP-NEO) in adult twins (N = 1,812 individuals). Research aims include (a) replicating past findings of the heritability of normative level personality as measured by the IPIP-NEO as a benchmark for studying maladaptive level traits, (b) ascertaining univariate heritability estimates of maladaptive level traits as measured by the PID-5, (c) establishing how much variation in personality pathology can be attributed to the same genetic components affecting variation in normative level personality, and (d) determining residual variance in personality pathology domains after variance attributable to genetic and environmental components of general personality has been removed. Results revealed that PID-5 traits reflect similar levels of heritability to that of IPIP-NEO traits. Further, maladaptive and normative level traits that correlate at the phenotypic level also correlate at the genotypic level, indicating overlapping genetic components contribute to variance in both. Nevertheless, we also found evidence for genetic and environmental components unique to maladaptive level personality traits, not shared with normative level traits. (PsycINFO Database Record
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27
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Jelenkovic A, Hur YM, Sund R, Yokoyama Y, Siribaddana SH, Hotopf M, Sumathipala A, Rijsdijk F, Tan Q, Zhang D, Pang Z, Aaltonen S, Heikkilä K, Öncel SY, Aliev F, Rebato E, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Christensen K, Skytthe A, Kyvik KO, Silberg JL, Eaves LJ, Maes HH, Cutler TL, Hopper JL, Ordoñana JR, Sánchez-Romera JF, Colodro-Conde L, Cozen W, Hwang AE, Mack TM, Sung J, Song YM, Yang S, Lee K, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Busjahn A, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Kandler C, Jang KL, Gatz M, Butler DA, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, D'Ippolito C, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJ, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Jeong HU, Swan GE, Krasnow R, Magnusson PK, Pedersen NL, Dahl-Aslan AK, McAdams TA, Eley TC, Gregory AM, Tynelius P, Baker LA, Tuvblad C, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Lichtenstein P, Spector TD, Mangino M, Lachance G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt TC, Willemsen G, Burt SA, Klump KL, Harris JR, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Corley RP, Hjelmborg JVB, Goldberg JH, Iwatani Y, Watanabe M, Honda C, Inui F, Rasmussen F, Huibregtse BM, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27964777 PMCID: PMC5156525 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886–1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20320.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yoon-Mi Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Reijo Sund
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sisira H Siribaddana
- Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka.,Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athula Sumathipala
- Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka.,Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, School for Primary Care Research, Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sevgi Y Öncel
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States.,Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Skytthe
- The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Lindon J Eaves
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry & Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Tessa L Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Romera
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucia Colodro-Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Amie E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South-Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South-Korea
| | - Sarah Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South-Korea
| | - Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | | | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Colorado, United States
| | | | | | - Kerry L Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David A Butler
- Health and Medicine Division, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, United States
| | - Maria A Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Ippolito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, United States
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University, Seattle, United States
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth Jf Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hoe-Uk Jeong
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Gary E Swan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Ruth Krasnow
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, United States
| | - Patrik Ke Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna K Dahl-Aslan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network - Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Tom A McAdams
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thalia C Eley
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura A Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Danshiitsoodol Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Alexandra Burt
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | | | | | | | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Jacob V B Hjelmborg
- The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jack H Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chika Honda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fujio Inui
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brooke M Huibregtse
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Silventoinen K, Jelenkovic A, Sund R, Hur YM, Yokoyama Y, Honda C, Hjelmborg JVB, Möller S, Ooki S, Aaltonen S, Ji F, Ning F, Pang Z, Rebato E, Busjahn A, Kandler C, Saudino KJ, Jang KL, Cozen W, Hwang AE, Mack TM, Gao W, Yu C, Li L, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Christensen K, Skytthe A, Kyvik KO, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJ, Heikkilä K, Wardle J, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, McAdams TA, Eley TC, Gregory AM, He M, Ding X, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Beck-Nielsen H, Sodemann M, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, D'Ippolito C, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Burt SA, Klump KL, Silberg JL, Eaves LJ, Maes HH, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Gatz M, Butler DA, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt TC, Craig JM, Saffery R, Freitas DL, Maia JA, Dubois L, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Chong Y, Swan GE, Krasnow R, Magnusson PK, Pedersen NL, Tynelius P, Lichtenstein P, Haworth CM, Plomin R, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Harden KP, Tucker-Drob EM, Öncel SY, Aliev F, Spector T, Mangino M, Lachance G, Baker LA, Tuvblad C, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Willemsen G, Rasmussen F, Goldberg JH, Sørensen TI, Boomsma DI, Kaprio J. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:371-9. [PMID: 27413137 PMCID: PMC4962159 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. OBJECTIVES We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. DESIGN Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. RESULTS The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Departments of Social Research and Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Departments of Social Research and Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Yoon-Mi Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chika Honda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jacob vB Hjelmborg
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, and
| | - Sören Möller
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, and
| | - Syuichi Ooki
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Departments of Social Research and Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fuling Ji
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Ning
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | | | | | - Kimberly J Saudino
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry L Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amie E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, and
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, and Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Clinical Genetics
| | - Axel Skytthe
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, and
| | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Odense Patient data Explorative Network, and
| | - Catherine A Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth Jf Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jane Wardle
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom A McAdams
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, and
| | - Thalia C Eley
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, and
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaohu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Sodemann
- Departments of Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria A Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Ippolito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Abramson
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Departments of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - David A Butler
- Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences Washington, DC
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Duarte L Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José Antonio Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, Porto, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Lise Dubois
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Frank Vitaro
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Youngsook Chong
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gary E Swan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ruth Krasnow
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | | | | | - Per Tynelius
- Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Claire Ma Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Plomin
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, and
| | | | - Danshiitsoodol Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | | | - Sevgi Y Öncel
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology
| | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Glen E Duncan
- College of Medicine, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University, Seattle, WA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jack H Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Thorkild Ia Sørensen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics) and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,Denmark; Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Jelenkovic A, Sund R, Hur YM, Yokoyama Y, Hjelmborg JVB, Möller S, Honda C, Magnusson PKE, Pedersen NL, Ooki S, Aaltonen S, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, D’Ippolito C, Freitas DL, Maia JA, Ji F, Ning F, Pang Z, Rebato E, Busjahn A, Kandler C, Saudino KJ, Jang KL, Cozen W, Hwang AE, Mack TM, Gao W, Yu C, Li L, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Loos RJF, Heikkilä K, Wardle J, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, McAdams TA, Eley TC, Gregory AM, He M, Ding X, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Beck-Nielsen H, Sodemann M, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Burt SA, Klump KL, Silberg JL, Eaves LJ, Maes HH, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Gatz M, Butler DA, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt TCEM, Craig JM, Saffery R, Dubois L, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Swan GE, Krasnow R, Tynelius P, Lichtenstein P, Haworth CMA, Plomin R, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Harden KP, Tucker-Drob EM, Spector T, Mangino M, Lachance G, Baker LA, Tuvblad C, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Willemsen G, Skytthe A, Kyvik KO, Christensen K, Öncel SY, Aliev F, Rasmussen F, Goldberg JH, Sørensen TIA, Boomsma DI, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood: An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28496. [PMID: 27333805 PMCID: PMC4917845 DOI: 10.1038/srep28496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1-19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Reijo Sund
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoon-Mi Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Yoshie Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jacob v. B. Hjelmborg
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chika Honda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Patrik K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Syuichi Ooki
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria A. Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina D’Ippolito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Duarte L. Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Fuling Ji
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Ning
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Esther Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | | | | | - Kimberly J. Saudino
- Boston University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciencies, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry L. Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amie E. Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas M. Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Brooke M. Huibregtse
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Catherine A. Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jane Wardle
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare H. Llewellyn
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom A. McAdams
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Alice M. Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaohu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Sodemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Adam D. Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L. Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - David Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Abramson
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Judy L. Silberg
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Lindon J. Eaves
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry & Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A. Butler
- Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lise Dubois
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Frank Vitaro
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary E. Swan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Krasnow
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Robert Plomin
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Danshiitsoodol Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K. Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Laura A. Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Tuvblad
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Glen E. Duncan
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Axel Skytthe
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten O. Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sevgi Y. Öncel
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jack H. Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics) and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Suzuki T, Samuel DB, Pahlen S, Krueger RF. DSM-5 alternative personality disorder model traits as maladaptive extreme variants of the five-factor model: An item-response theory analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 2015; 124:343-54. [PMID: 25665165 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, evidence has suggested that personality disorders (PDs) can be conceptualized as extreme, maladaptive variants of general personality dimensions, rather than discrete categorical entities. Recognizing this literature, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alternative PD model in Section III defines PDs partially through 25 maladaptive traits that fall within 5 domains. Empirical evidence based on the self-report measure of these traits, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), suggests that these five higher-order domains share a structure and correlate in meaningful ways with the five-factor model (FFM) of general personality. In the current study, item response theory was used to compare the DSM-5 alternative PD model traits to those from a normative FFM inventory (the International Personality Item Pool-NEO [IPIP-NEO]) in terms of their measurement precision along the latent dimensions. Within a combined sample of 3,517 participants, results strongly supported the conclusion that the DSM-5 alternative PD model traits and IPIP-NEO traits are complimentary measures of 4 of the 5 FFM domains (with perhaps the exception of openness to experience vs. psychoticism). Importantly, the two measures yield largely overlapping information curves on these four domains. Differences that did emerge suggested that the PID-5 scales generally have higher thresholds and provide more information at the upper levels, whereas the IPIP-NEO generally had an advantage at the lower levels. These results support the general conceptualization that 4 domains of the DSM-5 alternative PD model traits are maladaptive, extreme versions of the FFM. (PsycINFO Database Record
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