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Pu S, Liu Y, Wu W, Sun F, Lu H, Xu X, Su Y, Cheng W, Wang H. Aging related obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus suppress neuromuscular communication and aggravate skeletal muscle dysfunction in rhesus monkeys. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28549. [PMID: 38586358 PMCID: PMC10998128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related functional deterioration in skeletal muscle raises the risk for falls, disability, and mortality in the elderly, particularly in obese people or those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the response of the skeletal muscle to transitioning from obesity to diabetes remains poorly defined, despite that obesity is classified as a stage of pre-diabetes. We screened and selected spontaneously obese and diabetic rhesus monkeys and examined altered protein expression in skeletal muscle of healthy aging (CON), obesity aging (OB), and type 2 diabetes mellitus aging (T2D) rhesus monkeys using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis. In total, we identified 142 differentially expressed proteins. Muscle-nerve communication proteins were firstly suppressed at obese-stage. With the disintegration of skeletal muscle, mitochondrial complex I and other energy homeostasis relate proteins were significantly disordered at T2D stage. Indicating that aging related obesity suppressed muscle-nerve communication and contribute to T2D related functional deterioration of skeletal muscles in elderly rhesus monkeys. Some alterations of muscular functional regulator are detected in both obesity and T2D samples, suggesting some T2D related skeletal muscular hypofunctions are occurring at obesity or pre-obesity stage. Muscle-nerve communication proteins and muscular function related proteins could be potential therapy target or early diagnose marker of for skeletal muscular hypofunctions in aging obesity populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaowen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaocui Xu
- Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenming Cheng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Pu S, Kobayashi S, Mizu M, Furuta T, Nagaoka K, Gore AC, Crews D, Watanabe G. Effects of sugar cane extract on steroidogenesis in testicular interstitial cells of male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2022; 337:760-767. [PMID: 35692109 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sugar cane extract (SCE) is the end product of glucose, fructose, and sucrose elimination in molasses. SCE has various biological effects, such as anti-inflammation and antioxidation, and it is commonly found in animal feed. The present research is aimed at investigating the reproductive endocrine influence of SCE in male Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) by feeding SCE containing food. In addition, in vitro Leydig cell culture was conducted to clarify the mechanism of SCE's influence. Our results showed that SCE feed extended the latency to the first neck grab, decreased male quail testis and epididymis weights, cloaca gland size, and reduced serum testosterone concentrations. Steroidogenic enzymes 3βHSD, 17βHSD, P450c17, and P450scc gene expression in the testis were decreased in the SCE groups. Western blot analysis showed decreased 3βHSD in the testis after feeding SCE. Isolated testicular interstitial cells cultured with SCE and ovine-LH suppressed testosterone secretion and 3βHSD gene expression. In conclusion, SCE as a feed additive has an impact on the sexual behavior and reproductive function of male Japanese quail, with the suppression of steroidogenesis in the Leydig cell. Our results may provide beneficial information to the livestock management and the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Pu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shohei Kobayashi
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Mizu
- Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toma Furuta
- Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - David Crews
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Li H, Cheng W, Chen B, Pu S, Fan N, Zhang X, Jiao D, Shi D, Guo J, Li Z, Qing Y, Jia B, Zhao HY, Wei HJ. Efficient Generation of P53 Biallelic Mutations in Diannan Miniature Pigs Using RNA-Guided Base Editing. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121417. [PMID: 34947951 PMCID: PMC8706133 DOI: 10.3390/life11121417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The base editing 3 (BE3) system, a single-base gene editing technology developed using CRISPR/Cas9n, has a broad range of applications for human disease model construction and gene therapy, as it is highly efficient, accurate, and non-destructive. P53 mutations are present in more than 50% of human malignancies. Due to the similarities between humans and pigs at the molecular level, pig models carrying P53 mutations can be used to research the mechanism of tumorigenesis and improve tumor diagnosis and treatment. According to pathogenic mutations of the human P53 gene at W146* and Q100*, sgRNAs were designed to target exon 4 and exon 5 of the porcine P53 gene. The target editing efficiencies of the two sgRNAs were 61.9% and 50.0%, respectively. The editing efficiency of the BE3 system was highest (about 60%) when C (or G) was at the 5th base. Puromycin screening revealed that 75.0% (21/28) and 68.7% (22/32) of cell colonies contained a P53 mutation at sgRNA-Exon5 and sgRNA-Exon4, respectively. The reconstructed embryos from sgRNA-Exon5-5# were transferred into six recipient gilts, all of which aborted. The reconstructed embryos from sgRNA-Exon4-7# were transferred into 6 recipient gilts, 3 of which became pregnant, resulting in 14 live and 3 dead piglets. Sequencing analyses of the target site confirmed 1 P53 monoallelic mutation and 16 biallelic mutations. The qPCR analysis showed that the P53 mRNA expression level was significantly decreased in different tissues of the P53 mutant piglets (p < 0.05). Additionally, confocal microscopy and western blot analysis revealed an absence of P53 expression in the P53 mutant fibroblasts, livers, and lung tissues. In conclusion, a porcine cancer model with a P53 point mutation can be obtained via the BE3 system and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenmin Cheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bowei Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shaoxia Pu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ninglin Fan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Deling Jiao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dejia Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianxiong Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
| | - Zhuo Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yubo Qing
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.Z.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Kunming 650201, China; (H.L.); (W.C.); (B.C.); (S.P.); (N.F.); (X.Z.); (D.J.); (D.S.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (B.J.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.Z.); (H.-J.W.)
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de Goederen R, Pu S, Silos Viu M, Doan D, Overeem S, Serdijn WA, Joosten KFM, Long X, Dudink J. Radar-based sleep stage classification in children undergoing polysomnography: a pilot-study. Sleep Med 2021; 82:1-8. [PMID: 33866298 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Unobtrusive monitoring of sleep and sleep disorders in children presents challenges. We investigated the possibility of using Ultra-Wide band (UWB) radar to measure sleep in children. METHODS Thirty-two children scheduled to undergo a clinical polysomnography participated; their ages ranged from 2 months to 14 years. During the polysomnography, the children's body movements and breathing rate were measured by an UWB-radar. A total of 38 features were calculated from the motion signals and breathing rate obtained from the raw radar signals. Adaptive boosting was used as machine learning classifier to estimate sleep stages, with polysomnography as gold standard method for comparison. RESULTS Data of all participants combined, this study achieved a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.67 and an overall accuracy of 89.8% for wake and sleep classification, a Kappa of 0.47 and an accuracy of 72.9% for wake, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM sleep classification, and a Kappa of 0.43 and an accuracy of 58.0% for wake, REM sleep, light sleep and deep sleep classification. CONCLUSION Although the current performance is not sufficient for clinical use yet, UWB radar is a promising method for non-contact sleep analysis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de Goederen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S Pu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - M Silos Viu
- Section Bioelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - D Doan
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S Overeem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - W A Serdijn
- Section Bioelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - K F M Joosten
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - X Long
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - J Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Pu S, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Yolk immunoreactive corticosterone in hierarchical follicles of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to heat challenge. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279:148-153. [PMID: 30898528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High temperature decreases the egg number, ovarian weight, and hierarchical follicle number. In the present study, we investigated the effect of high temperature on the quality of eggs of adult female quails. Laying quail were raised under a standard thermal condition of 25 °C until exposed to an elevated temperature of 34 °C (experimental) or maintained at 25 °C (control) from 12:00 to 16:00 for 10 consecutive days. Weight and number of eggs were measured; serum and the largest follicles were collected and used for hormone measurement. Ovaries and adrenals were collected for expression analysis of 3β- and 17β-HSD, genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. Egg weight slightly decreased with an increase in the treatment time in the heat-challenged group; the egg weight significantly decreased in the heat treatment group than in the control group during the last 2 days of experiment (P < 0.05). The laying rate showed no difference during the experimental period but significantly decreased on the last day in the heat treatment group. In the experimental group the ovaries and oviducts were lighter (P < 0.05) and the hierarchical follicle number and ovarian weight decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Although serum corticosterone level significantly increased after heat challenge (P < 0.05) and immediately recovered to the normal level, yolk immunoreactive corticosterone in the hierarchical follicle (F1, F2, F3) significantly increased (P < 0.05). The expression level of 17β-HSD showed no changes in the ovary but significantly increased in adrenals (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the effects of heat challenge on the maternal ovary in the quail are mediated through the adrenal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Pu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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Sovijit WN, Sovijit WE, Pu S, Usuda K, Inoue R, Watanabe G, Yamaguchi H, Nagaoka K. Ovarian progesterone suppresses depression and anxiety-like behaviors by increasing the Lactobacillus population of gut microbiota in ovariectomized mice. Neurosci Res 2019; 168:76-82. [PMID: 31022413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety, which are severe symptoms during menopause, are caused by ceased ovarian activity and declined serum progesterone levels. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can regulate brain function and change the microbiota composition during the perimenopause period. This study investigated whether progesterone affects depressant and anxious behaviors via gut microbiota. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice, treatment with progesterone improved depressive and anxious behaviors, and gut microbiota composition was significantly changed. In particular, increased Lactobacillus spp. were observed in these mice. Reduction of microbiota by antibiotic treatment abolished the effect of progesterone on depression and anxiety. In addition, administration of Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri that was increased by progesterone also reduced the depressant behavior in OVX mice, and BDNF gene expression was elevated by progesterone treatment and L. reuteri administration in the hippocampus. Moreover, we found that progesterone stimulated the growth of L. reuteri in vitro. In summary, our findings indicate that progesterone reduces depression and anxiety through changes in gut microbiota composition, particularly by increasing the Lactobacillus spp. population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin N Sovijit
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Watcharee E Sovijit
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Shaoxia Pu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Kento Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Cancer research center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
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Pu S, Usuda K, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Heat challenge influences serum metabolites concentrations and liver lipid metabolism in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:77-83. [PMID: 30464091 PMCID: PMC6361640 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature induces various metabolic disturbances in animals. However, no comprehensive information is currently available on the metabolic pathway affected by high environmental temperature. The present study examined metabolite content in the serum of heat challenged quails using metabolomic analysis. In the present study, female quails with normal laying rate at 20 weeks kept in standard condition (control group) or exposed to 34°C 4 hr per day (12:00 to 16:00 hr)(heat group) for 10 consecutive days. The metabolomic analysis identified 165 metabolites in the serum, and significant differences were observed in the serum for 7 metabolites between two groups. An analysis by MetaboAnalyst, a web-based metabolome data tool, indicate that high temperature affect ketone body metabolism, butyrate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism. Furthermore, histological examination of liver indicates a heat challenge induced abnormal lipid metabolism. Triglyceride and cholesterol level in the liver increased, however cholesterol level decreased in the serum. Genes related to lipid metabolism significantly increased in the liver after heat challenge. The present study demonstrated that high temperature cause liver damage, thus lipid metabolic was affected. Protect liver under high temperature could be one solution for coping with high temperatures in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Pu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kento Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Nakayama A, Okawa H, Zheng M, Pu S, Watanabe G, Ohta R, Kawaguchi M. Male Hatano low-avoidance rats show more active sexual behavior with lower plasma testosterone than high-avoidance rats. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1179-1182. [PMID: 29848887 PMCID: PMC6068300 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two inbred strains of Sprague-Dawley rats, known as the Hatano high- and low-avoidance animals (HAA and LAA respectively), have been selectively bred for high versus low rates of avoidance responses in a shuttle-box avoidance task. To investigate differences in the sexual behavior of Hatano rats, male HAA, LAA and SD rats were tested from 12 to 15 weeks of age. LAA rats exhibited more rapid and frequent sexual behavior than HAA or SD rats, and such differences increased with repeated sexual experience. Plasma testosterone levels tended to be lower in LAA rats than in HAA or SD rats, suggesting that active sexual behavior in LAA rats is not related to these levels. Strain differences in mating behavior between HAA and LAA rats may be caused by emotional responses to novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hasuka Okawa
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Meihua Zheng
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagide, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shaoxia Pu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagide, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagide, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Basic Animal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohta
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Zhang X, Yang J, Yang C, Chen X, Bao B, Li D, Shi R, Wang J, Pu S, Zhang X. Purification and Characterization of a Novel (R)-1-Phenylethanol Dehydrogenase from Lysinibacillus sp. NUST506. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hirano J, Takamiya A, Yamagata B, Hotta S, Miyasaka Y, Pu S, Iwanami A, Uchida H, Mimura M. Frontal and temporal cortical functional recovery after electroconvulsive therapy for depression: A longitudinal functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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11
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Jiang Z, Guo M, Shi C, Wang H, Yao L, Liu L, Xie C, Pu S, LaChaud G, Shen J, Zhu M, Mu L, Ge H, Long Y, Wang X, Song Y, Sun J, Hou X, Zarringhalam A, Park SH, Shi C, Shen H, Lin Z. Protection against cognitive impairment and modification of epileptogenesis with curcumin in a post-status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience 2015; 310:362-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang Y, Song M, Rui X, Pu S, Li Y, Li C. Supplemental dietary phytosterin protects against 4-nitrophenol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat testes. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:664-676. [PMID: 28962402 PMCID: PMC5598167 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Nitrophenol (PNP), is generally regarded as an environmental endocrine disruptor (EED). Phytosterin (PS), a new feed additive, possesses highly efficient antioxidant activities. The transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is an important regulator of cellular oxidative stress. Using rats, this study examined PNP-induced testicular oxidative damage and PS-mediated protection against that damage. The generation of MDA and H2O2 upon PNP and PS treatment was milder than that upon treatment with PNP alone. This mitigation was accompanied by partially reversed changes in SOD, CAT, GSH and GSH-Px. Moreover, PNP significantly reduced the caudal epididymal sperm counts and serum testosterone levels. Typical morphological changes were also observed in the testes of PNP-treated animals. PNP reduced the transcriptional level of Nrf2, as evaluated by RT-PCR, but it promoted the dissociation from the Nrf2 complex, stabilization and translocation into the nucleus, as evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, PNP enhanced the Nrf2-dependent gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). These results suggest that the Nrf2 pathway plays an important role in PNP-induced oxidative damage and that PS possesses modulatory effects on PNP-induced oxidative damage in rat testes.
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Key Words
- 4-Nitrophenol
- 4-Nitrophenol (PubChem CID: 980)
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- Antioxidant gene
- Apoptosis
- CAT, catalase
- Campesterol (PubChem CID: 457801)
- DEP, diesel exhaust particles
- EED, environmental endocrine disruptor
- GCLC, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase
- GSH, glutathione
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- HO-1, heme oxygenase 1
- Keap1, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NQO1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PNP, 4-nitrophenol
- PS, phytosterins
- Phytosterin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Stigmasterol (PubChem CID: 5280794)
- Testis
- β-Sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.,Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors & Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nanjing 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meiyan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Rui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shaoxia Pu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - ChunMei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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13
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Li Y, Cao Y, Wang F, Pu S, Zhang Y, Li C. Tert-butylhydroquinone attenuates scrotal heat-induced damage by regulating Nrf2-antioxidant system in the mouse testis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 208:12-20. [PMID: 25260249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a widely used nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, was always employed to investigate the potential protective role of Nrf2 activation. In this study, to elucidate the effect of tBHQ on scrotal heat-induced damage and Nrf2-antioxidant system in mouse testes, eight-week-old mice were administrated with or without dietary tBHQ (1%w/w) for 1week and afterward subjected to a single scrotal heat treatment (42°C for 25min). Trunk blood and testes were collected 3h or 1, 2, or 7days later. Mice displayed less germ cell loss in testes, higher relative testis weight and lower testosterone concentration on day 2 in tBHQ treatment group. Before heat treatment, there were significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in tBHQ treatment group. After heat treatment, mice in tBHQ treatment group showed lower MDA concentration than those in non-tBHQ treatment group. In addition, both tBHQ pretreatment and scrotal heat treatment induced markedly increased Nrf2 protein expression in cytoplasm and nuclei of interstitial cells, accompanying with elevated mRNA expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated genes in mice testes. Our data indicated that pretreatment to tBHQ induced a mild oxidative stress, and further enhanced the cellular antioxidative ability to protect testicular cells against scrotal heat-induced damage via a mechanism that might involve the Nrf2-antioxidant system in mice testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shaoxia Pu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - ChunMei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Zhang X, Wang J, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Pu S, Wu J, Xue Y, Tian Y, Lu J, Jiang W, Du D. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated astrocytes produce mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2011; 199:452-60. [PMID: 22044922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain management is challenging for physicians and a vexing problem for basic researchers. Recent studies reveal that activated spinal astrocytes may play a vital role in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. We have found increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, a hallmark of reactive gliosis, and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the dorsal horn in a rat model of allodynia induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL). The high GFAP expression and mechanical allodynia that SNL induces were prevented by the intrathecal injection of the BDNF-sequestering fusion protein TrkB/Fc. Additionally, mechanical allodynia and GFAP overexpression was induced by the spinal administration of exogenous BDNF to naive rats, and exogenous BDNF given together with fluorocitrate, an astrocytic metabolism inhibitor, inhibited allodynia and GFAP upregulation. Exogenous BDNF also activated the astrocytes directly when tested in vitro. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of BDNF-stimulated astrocytes also induced mechanical allodynia in naive rats. All of these results indicate that astrocytes activated by BDNF might contribute to mechanical allodynia development in neuropathic pain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Pain Management Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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15
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Hou YP, Gu JY, Shao YF, Song YF, Jing YH, Wu WS, Pu S. The characteristics of placental transfer and tissue concentrations of nickel in late gestational rats and fetuses. Placenta 2011; 32:277-82. [PMID: 21216460 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of nickel (Ni) uptake, transfer, retention and clearance in fetuses and late gestational rats were investigated by assessing its distributions in placenta, maternal and fetal organs and tissues during the 24 h period after a single dose of (63)Ni intraperitoneal injection on gestational day 20. Peak (63)Ni radioactivity was detected at 0.5 h in maternal blood, at 3 h in placenta, fetal membranes, fetal blood, fetal heart, maternal kidney, lung, stomach, liver and brain, at 9 h in fetal kidney, stomach, liver and brain, and lastly at 24 h in fetal lung and amniotic fluid. The maximal (63)Ni radioactivity among all samples was detected consistently in the fetal membranes and placenta. The (63)Ni radioactivity in fetal blood was higher than that in maternal blood from 3 to 24 h. The fetal liver, heart, stomach and brain exhibited higher (63)Ni radioactivity than the corresponding maternal organs from 6 to 24 h. However, maternal kidney consistently exhibited significantly higher (63)Ni radioactivity than the fetal kidney. The (63)Ni in fetal lung and amniotic fluid increased throughout the period of experimental observation. These observations corroborated previous finding that nickel is actively transferred across the blood-placenta-barrier into fetus, but hardly from fetus to mother. Moreover, these results suggest that the placenta has a high affinity for nickel and its barrier does not protect the fetus from nickel exposure. The fact that nickel concentrations are higher in most fetal organs and tissues than in corresponding maternal organs and tissues in late gestation indicates that, unlike the dam, fetuses lack effective means for getting rid of excessive nickel due to its confined environment and relatively weak kidney functions. The situation is exacerbated by mother-to-fetus unidirectional transfer. Consequently, the fetuses are particularly vulnerable to the damaging effects of nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Wang Y, Guo T, Yang C, Gu Y, Tao S, Pu S. e0369 Extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy promotes angiogenesis after acute myocardial infarction in pigs evaluated by realtime myocardial contrast echocardiography. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Tao S, Guo T, Pu S, Yu Z. e0177 Exploration new methods for establishment of porcine model of acute myocardial infarction. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Qiu J, Jiang Y, Xia L, Xiang H, Feng H, Pu S, Huang N, Yu L, Deng X. Subinhibitory concentrations of licochalcone A decrease alpha-toxin production in both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 50:223-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) inhibits LH release in the rat. Since a sub-population of NPY-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus co-express GABA, the possibility of an interplay between NPY and GABA in the release of LH was investigated in two ways. First by employing light and electron microscopic double staining for NPY and GABA, using pre and post-immunolabeling on rat brain sections, we detected GABA in NPY immunoreactive axon terminals in the MPOA, one of the primary sites of action of these neurotransmitters/neuromodulators in the regulation of LH release. These morphological findings raised the possibility that inhibitory GABA co-released with NPY may act to restrain the excitatory effects of NPY on LH release. Muscimol (MUS, 0.44 or 1.76 nmol/rat), a GABA(A) receptor agonist, administered intracerebroventricularly (icv), alone failed to affect LH release, but NPY (0.47 nmol/rat icv) alone stimulated LH release in ovarian steroid-primed ovariectomized rats. On the other hand, administration of MUS blocked the NPY-induced stimulation of LH release in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, administration of MUS abolished the excitatory effects on LH release of 1229U91, a selective NPY Y4 receptor agonist. These results support the possibility that in the event of co-release of these neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, GABA may act to restrain stimulation of LH release by NPY during the basal episodic and cyclic release of LH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a cytokine of the interleukin-6 superfamily, has been shown to induce hypophagia and weight loss. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin are potent orexigenic signals in the hypothalamus. Anorexia, normally seen in response to infection, injury and inflammation, may result from diminished hypothalamic orexigenic signalling caused by persistently elevated cytokines, including CNTF. To test this hypothesis, we first examined the effects of chronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of CNTF for 6-7 days on food intake and body weight as well as hypothalamic NPY and orexin gene expression in male rats. Subsequently, the effectiveness of NPY replacement to counteract the effects of CNTF by coinfusion of NPY and CNTF was evaluated. Chronic i.c.v. infusion of CNTF (2.5 microg/day) reduced body weight (14.3% vs control) at the end of 7 days. Food intake remained suppressed for 5 days postinfusion and subsequently gradually returned to the control range by day 7. Serum leptin concentrations in these rats were in the same range seen in control rats. Chronic i.c.v. infusion of higher doses of CNTF (5.0 microg/day) produced sustained anorexia and body weight loss (29% vs controls) through the entire duration of the experiment. This severe anorexia was accompanied by markedly suppressed serum leptin concentrations. Furthermore, CNTF infusion alone significantly reduced hypothalamic NPY gene expression (P < 0. 05) without affecting orexin gene expression. As expected, in fusion of NPY alone (18 microg/day) augmented food intake (191.6% over the initial control, P < 0.05) and produced a 25.1% weight gain in conjunction with a 10-fold increase in serum leptin concentrations at the end of the 7-day period. Interestingly, coinfusion of this regimen of NPY with the highly effective anorectic and body reducing effects of CNTF (5.0 microg/day) not only prevented the CNTF-induced anorexia and weight loss, but also normalized serum leptin concentrations and hypothalamic NPY gene expression. These results demonstrate that chronic central infusion to produce a persistent elevation of the cytokine at pathophysiological levels (a situation that may normally manifest during infection, injury and inflammation) produced severe anorexia and weight loss in conjunction with reduction in both serum leptin concentrations and hypothalamic NPY gene expression. Reinstatement of hypothalamic NPY signalling by coinfusion of NPY counteracted these CNTF-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine and University of Florida Brain Institute, Gainesville 32611, USA
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21
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Abstract
We have investigated the effects of age on the daily rise in serum leptin levels during the dark-phase of the light-dark cycle. The results show that in young 7-week-old rats, serum leptin levels increase significantly at 2300 h from the levels at 1500 h in association with increased food consumption. However, in middle-aged rats 25 weeks old, the dark-phase increase in serum leptin is absent despite retention of the daily dark-phase increase in food consumption. When compared to our earlier published results, these finding show that the loss of dark-phase rise in serum leptin occurred despite the daily increase in adipocyte leptin gene expression. These results are in accord with the view that the daily pattern in serum leptin is unlikely to be a contributor to the daily patterning of food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- School of Psychology, University of, ON, Ottawa, Canada
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22
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) administered either i.p. or i.c.v. provokes sickness behaviors, including suppression of feeding. As well, the possibility exists that IL-1 contributes to the cascade of factors that regulate feeding under basal conditions. The current study assessed the contribution of IL-1 in the control of food intake and body weight under physiological conditions in male rats. Pretreatment with an IL- I receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 16 mg/kg, i.p.) completely blocked the suppression of food intake produced by injection of IL-1beta (4 microg/kg, i.p.). However, neither daily injections of IL-1ra (16 mg/kg, i.p.) for 4 consecutive days nor infusion of IL-1ra (500 microg/day, i.c.v.) for 7 days altered daily food intake and the rate of body weight gain. These findings suggest while IL-1 may play a role in anorexia associated with sickness, this cytokine likely does not play a physiological role in the regulation of daily food intake and long-term energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Hypothalamic neuropeptides play critical roles in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight (BW). Disruption of signaling in the ventromedial nucleus by microinjection of the neurotoxin, colchicine (COL), produces transient hyperphagia with corresponding BW gain lasting for 4 days. Because the melanocortin system exerts an inhibitory control on food intake, we hypothesized that hyperphagia in COL-treated rats is due to decreased melanocortin-induced restraint on feeding. Melanocortin restraint is exerted through alpha-melanocortin-stimulating hormone derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and is antagonized by agouti-related peptide produced in neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). COL (4 microg/0.5 microl saline) or saline was microinjected bilaterally into the ventromedial nucleus of adult male rats. In conjunction with BW gain, blood leptin levels were elevated, whereas POMC mRNA in the ARC was significantly decreased in COL-injected rats. Levels of alpha-melanocortin-stimulating hormone were also decreased in the micropunched paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, and perifornical hypothalamus, sites implicated in the control of food intake. That diminution in melanocortin signaling underlies hyperphagia was supported by the observation that intracerebroventricular injection of the MC3/MC4 melanocortin receptor agonist, MTII, prevented the hyperphagia and BW gain. Surprisingly, however, mRNA levels of the orexigenic peptide agouti-related peptide in the ARC were decreased perhaps due to the action of elevated leptin. These results show that transient hyperphagia and BW gain induced by disruption of signaling in the ventromedial nucleus results from two neurochemical rearrangements: development of leptin resistance in POMC neurons and diminution in melanocortin signaling as reflected by decreased POMC gene expression in the ARC and decreased availability of alpha-melanocortin-stimulating hormone for release in feeding relevant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Dube
- Department of Physiology, University of Florida Brain Institute and College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100274, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Jain MR, Pu S, Kalra PS, Kalra SP. Evidence that stimulation of two modalities of pituitary luteinizing hormone release in ovarian steroid-primed ovariectomized rats may involve neuropeptide Y Y1 and Y4 receptors. Endocrinology 1999; 140:5171-7. [PMID: 10537146 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.11.7107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in stimulation of basal and cyclic release of hypothalamic LHRH and pituitary LH. To identify the NPY receptor subtypes that mediate the excitatory effects of NPY in these two modalities of LH release, we studied the effects of 1229U91, a selective Y1 receptor antagonist and Y4 receptor agonist, in two experimental paradigms that reproduce the two modalities of LH secretion in steroid-primed ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Rats were ovariectomized and implanted with a permanent cannula into the lateral cerebroventricle. In the first experiment, rats received estradiol benzoate (EB, 30 microg/rat) on day 5, followed 2 days later with progesterone (2 mg/rat) at 1000 h to induce an afternoon LH surge. 1229U91 (30 microg/3 microl) or vehicle (control) was injected intracerebroventricularly into these rats either once at 1300 h or twice (15 microg/injection) at 1100 and 1200 h. Blood samples were collected before progesterone injection at 1000 h and at hourly intervals from 1300 -1800 h via an intrajugular cannula implanted on the previous day. In control rats, serum LH levels rose significantly at 1400 h, and these high levels were maintained until 1700 h. After two injections of 1229U91, LH levels displayed a tendency to rise at 1300-1400 h, as in controls, but thereafter, decreased rapidly below the control range. In the second experiment, the acute effect of 1229U91 on LH release was evaluated in OVX rats pretreated with EB alone. Saline alone or saline containing 1, 3, 10, or 30 microg 1229U91 was injected intracerebroventricularly at 1000 h, and the effects on LH release were analyzed at 10, 20, 30, and 60 min. 1229U91 elicited a dose-dependent stimulation of LH release, with maximal response (950% of basal levels) occurring at 10 min after the 30-microg dose; elevated levels were maintained for 1 h. Because 1229U91 is a potent Y4 agonist with some affinity for Y5 receptors, these results raised the possibility that activation of Y4/Y5 receptors by 1229U91 may augment LH release. Therefore, we examined the effects of icv administration of rat pancreatic polypeptide, a Y4-selective agonist, and [D-Trp32]-NPY, a Y5 agonist on LH release in EB-primed rats. Rat pancreatic polypeptide (0.5-2 microg/rat) stimulated LH release in a dose-related manner, and peak levels (280% of basal levels) were seen at 10-20 min; the response evoked by a higher dose (10 microg) was smaller than that induced by 0.5 or 2 microg. [D-Trp32]-NPY was relatively less effective, because only the highest (10-microg) dose elicited a modest stimulation (244% of basal levels). These results demonstrate that 1229U91, a Y1 antagonist and Y4 agonist, evokes two types of responses; it suppresses the protracted ovarian steroid-induced LH surge, and acutely, it also stimulates LH. These results imply that normally two different types of NPY receptors may mediate the stimulation of LH release. Because 1229U91 is a Y1 receptor antagonist, inhibition of the steroid-induced LH surge by 1229U91 suggests that Y1 receptors may mediate the cyclic release of LH. On the other hand, acute stimulation of LH by 1229U91 implies that the Y4 agonist-like activity of 1229U91 may mediate the basal release of LH and that either NPY or a yet-to-be-identified endogenous Y4 receptor agonist may activate Y4 receptors in the hypothalamus to stimulate LH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Jain
- Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine and University of Florida Brain Institute, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Zhang G, Yang Y, Pu S, Shen X, Peng T, Chen H. Relationship between remodeling and function of left ventricle and angiotensin II AT1 receptor expression after myocardial infarction in rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 1999; 112:593-6. [PMID: 11601250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between remodeling and dysfunction of left ventricle (LV) and the expression of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor mRNA after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS Nine MI rats (Group A) and 8 sham-operated rats (Group B) were studied by both Doppler echocardiography and Dot blot using Digoxingenin-labelled cDNA probes. RESULTS Compared with Group B, Group A showed the increase in LV internal diastolic diameter (0.87 +/- 0.06 mm vs 0.66 +/- 0.03 mm, respectively, P < 0.01) and volume (0.73 +/- 0.09 ml vs 0.51 +/- 0.05 ml, P < 0.01). In addition, thinning of anterior wall, thickening of posterior wall, increasing of peak early filling velocity (peak E), decreasing of late filling velocity (peak A) and increasing of the E/A were demonstrated in MI rats 7 weeks after MI. The levels of the cardiac angiotensin II AT1 receptor mRNA in Group A were higher than those of Group B (2.2-fold). CONCLUSIONS Seven weeks after MI in rats, character of LV remodeling and dysfunction were developed and the expression of cardiac angiotensin II AT1 receptor mRNA was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen 529071, China
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26
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Pu S, Jain MR, Horvath TL, Diano S, Kalra PS, Kalra SP. Interactions between neuropeptide Y and gamma-aminobutyric acid in stimulation of feeding: a morphological and pharmacological analysis. Endocrinology 1999; 140:933-40. [PMID: 9927326 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.2.6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) produced in neurons in the arcuate nucleus and brain stem and released in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and surrounding areas is involved in stimulation of feeding in rats. We recently reported that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is coexpressed in a subpopulation of NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus. To determine whether GABA is colocalized in NPY terminals in the PVN, the site of NPY action, light and electron microscopic double staining for NPY and GABA using pre- and postembedding immunolabeling was performed on rat brain sections. GABA was detected in NPY-immunopositive axons and axon terminals within both the parvocellular and magnocellular divisions of the PVN. These morphological findings suggested a NPY-GABA interaction in the hypothalamic control of feeding. Therefore, the effects of muscimol (MUS), a GABA(A) receptor agonist, on NPY-induced food intake were examined in sated rats. When injected intracerebroventricularly, both NPY and MUS elicited dose-dependent feeding responses that were blocked by the administration of 1229U91 (a putative Y1 receptor antagonist) or bicuculline (a GABA(A) receptor antagonist), respectively. Coadministration of NPY and MUS intracerebroventricularly amplified the feeding response over that evoked by NPY or MUS alone. Similarly, microinjection of either NPY or MUS into the PVN stimulated food intake in a dose-related fashion, and coinjection elicited a significantly higher response than that evoked by either individual treatment. These results suggest that GABA and NPY may coact through distinct receptors and second messenger systems in the PVN to augment food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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Abstract
Various aspects of the complex spatio-temporal patterning of hypothalamic signaling that leads to the development of synchronized nocturnal feeding in the rat are critically examined. Undoubtedly, as depicted in Fig. 7, a distinct ARN in the hypothalamus is involved in the control of nocturnal appetite. At least four basic elements operate within this ARN. These are: 1) A discrete appetite-driving or orexigenic network of NPY, NE, GABA, GAL, EOP, and orexin transduces and releases appetite-stimulating signals. 2) Similarly, anorexigenic signal-producing pathways (e.g., CRH, GLP-1, alpha MSH, and CART) orchestrate neural events for dissipation of appetite and to terminate feeding, possibly by interrupting NPY efflux and action at a postsynaptic level within the hypothalamus. It is possible that some of these may represent the physiologically relevant "off" switches under the influence of GABA alone, or AgrP alone, or in combination with NPY released from the NPY-, GABA-, and AgrP-coproducing neurons. 3) Recent evidence shows that neural elements in the VMN-DMN complex tonically restrain the orexigenic signals during the intermeal interval; the restraint is greatly aided by leptin's action via diminution of orexigenic (NPY) and augmentation of anorexigenic (GLP-1, alpha MSH, and CART) signals. Since interruption of neurotransmission in the VMN resulted in hyperphagia and development of leptin resistance, it seems likely that the VMN is an effector site for the restraint exercised by leptin. The daily rhythms in leptin synthesis and release are temporally dissociable because the onset of daily rise in leptin gene expression in adipocytes precedes that in leptin secretion. Nevertheless, these rhythms are in phase with daily ingestive behavior because the peak in circulating leptin levels occurs during the middle of the feeding period. These observations, coupled with the fact that circulating levels of leptin are directly related to adiposity, pose a new challenge for elucidating the precise role of leptin in daily patterning of feeding in the rat. 4) A neural timing mechanism also operates upstream from the ARN in the daily management of energy homeostasis. Although the precise anatomical boundaries are not clearly defined, this device is likely to be composed of a group of neurons that integrate incoming internal and external information for the timely onset of the drive to eat. Evidently, this network operates independently in primates, but it is entrained to the circadian time keeper in the SCN of rodents. Apart from its role in the onset of drive to eat, the circadian patterns of gene expression of NPY, GAL, and POMC denote independent control of the timing device on the synthesis and availability for release of orexigenic signals. The VMN-DMN-PVN complex is apparently an integrated constituent of the timing mechanism in this context, because lesions in each of these sites result in loss of regulated feeding. The accumulated evidence points to the PVN and surrounding neural sites within this framework as the primary sites of release and action of various orexigenic and anorexigenic signals. A novel finding is the identification of the interconnected wiring of the DMN-mPVN axis that may mediate leptin restraint on NPY-induced feeding. The chemical phenotypes of leptin and NPY target neurons in this axis remain to be identified. These multiple orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways in the hypothalamic ARN appear to represent redundancy, a characteristic of regulated biological systems to provide a "fail-safe" neural mechanism to meet an organism's constant energy needs for growth and maintenance. Within this formulation, the coexisting orexigenic signals (NPY, NE, GAL, GABA, and AgrP) represent either another level of redundancy or it is possible that these signals operate within the ARN as reinforcing agents to varying degrees under different circumstances. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Kalra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Various aspects of the complex spatio-temporal patterning of hypothalamic signaling that leads to the development of synchronized nocturnal feeding in the rat are critically examined. Undoubtedly, as depicted in Fig. 7, a distinct ARN in the hypothalamus is involved in the control of nocturnal appetite. At least four basic elements operate within this ARN. These are: 1) A discrete appetite-driving or orexigenic network of NPY, NE, GABA, GAL, EOP, and orexin transduces and releases appetite-stimulating signals. 2) Similarly, anorexigenic signal-producing pathways (e.g., CRH, GLP-1, alpha MSH, and CART) orchestrate neural events for dissipation of appetite and to terminate feeding, possibly by interrupting NPY efflux and action at a postsynaptic level within the hypothalamus. It is possible that some of these may represent the physiologically relevant "off" switches under the influence of GABA alone, or AgrP alone, or in combination with NPY released from the NPY-, GABA-, and AgrP-coproducing neurons. 3) Recent evidence shows that neural elements in the VMN-DMN complex tonically restrain the orexigenic signals during the intermeal interval; the restraint is greatly aided by leptin's action via diminution of orexigenic (NPY) and augmentation of anorexigenic (GLP-1, alpha MSH, and CART) signals. Since interruption of neurotransmission in the VMN resulted in hyperphagia and development of leptin resistance, it seems likely that the VMN is an effector site for the restraint exercised by leptin. The daily rhythms in leptin synthesis and release are temporally dissociable because the onset of daily rise in leptin gene expression in adipocytes precedes that in leptin secretion. Nevertheless, these rhythms are in phase with daily ingestive behavior because the peak in circulating leptin levels occurs during the middle of the feeding period. These observations, coupled with the fact that circulating levels of leptin are directly related to adiposity, pose a new challenge for elucidating the precise role of leptin in daily patterning of feeding in the rat. 4) A neural timing mechanism also operates upstream from the ARN in the daily management of energy homeostasis. Although the precise anatomical boundaries are not clearly defined, this device is likely to be composed of a group of neurons that integrate incoming internal and external information for the timely onset of the drive to eat. Evidently, this network operates independently in primates, but it is entrained to the circadian time keeper in the SCN of rodents. Apart from its role in the onset of drive to eat, the circadian patterns of gene expression of NPY, GAL, and POMC denote independent control of the timing device on the synthesis and availability for release of orexigenic signals. The VMN-DMN-PVN complex is apparently an integrated constituent of the timing mechanism in this context, because lesions in each of these sites result in loss of regulated feeding. The accumulated evidence points to the PVN and surrounding neural sites within this framework as the primary sites of release and action of various orexigenic and anorexigenic signals. A novel finding is the identification of the interconnected wiring of the DMN-mPVN axis that may mediate leptin restraint on NPY-induced feeding. The chemical phenotypes of leptin and NPY target neurons in this axis remain to be identified. These multiple orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways in the hypothalamic ARN appear to represent redundancy, a characteristic of regulated biological systems to provide a "fail-safe" neural mechanism to meet an organism's constant energy needs for growth and maintenance. Within this formulation, the coexisting orexigenic signals (NPY, NE, GAL, GABA, and AgrP) represent either another level of redundancy or it is possible that these signals operate within the ARN as reinforcing agents to varying degrees under different circumstances. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Kalra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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Pu S, Dube MG, Edwards TG, Kalra SP, Kalra PS. Disruption of neural signaling within the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus upregulates galanin gene expression in association with hyperphagia: an in situ hybridization analysis. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999; 64:85-91. [PMID: 9889330 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(98)00309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic neuropeptides play critical roles in the regulation of appetite and body weight. We recently reported that disruption of neural signaling in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) by microinjection of the neurotoxin, colchicine (COL), produced transient hyperphagia with attendant body weight gain lasting for 4 days. The neural mechanism(s) underlying this temporary shift in energy homeostasis is still unknown. Galanin (GAL) is produced in several hypothalamic nuclei and since microinjection of GAL into these sites stimulates feeding, we tested the hypothesis that galaninergic signaling is upregulated in COL-treated rats. COL (4 microgram in 0.5 microliter saline) or saline alone was microinjected into the VMN of adult male rats and GAL mRNA was evaluated in the basal hypothalamus by ribonuclease protection assay on day 1, day 2 and day 4 after injection. Whereas in saline-treated rats body weight and GAL mRNA remained unaffected, they were significantly increased in COL-injected rats through the period of observation. To identify the specific neuronal subpopulations involved, GAL mRNA levels were analyzed in feeding-related hypothalamic nuclei using semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry on day 4 after microinjection of COL or saline into the VMN. In COL-treated rats, GAL mRNA levels increased dramatically over controls in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), arcuate nucleus (ARC) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA); no significant change was observed in the central nucleus of amygdala. These results indicated that disruption of neurotransmission in the VMN upregulated GAL gene expression in those hypothalamic sites (PVN, DMN, LHA and ARC) that are implicated in regulation of feeding, and since GAL stimulates feeding, this neurochemical rearrangement may contribute to the over-eating in these animals. These results also suggest that, normally, neurons in the VMN may suppress GAL neurotransmission in feeding-regulating hypothalamic neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida Brain Institute, PO Box 100244, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Kalra
- Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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Pu S, Jain MR, Kalra PS, Kalra SP. Orexins, a novel family of hypothalamic neuropeptides, modulate pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion in an ovarian steroid-dependent manner. Regul Pept 1998; 78:133-6. [PMID: 9879756 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(98)00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Orexin A and orexin B are a newly described family of orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides. The distribution of orexin immunoreactive fibers overlaps with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neuronal system in the septo-preoptic area and the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region. To test the hypothesis that orexins may be involved in the regulation of pituitary LH secretion by influencing LHRH release, the effects of orexin A and orexin B on LH secretion were evaluated in ovariectomized (ovx) and ovarian steroid-treated ovx rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of orexin A or orexin B rapidly stimulated LH secretion in a dose- (0.3 and 3.0 nmol) and time-related fashion in estradiol benzoate- (EB) and progesterone (P)-pretreated ovx rats. Peak plasma LH concentration at 10 min were significantly higher in orexin A- than in orexin B-injected rats. On the other hand, both orexins (3 nmol) inhibited LH release in unprimed ovx rats. This ovarian steroid-dependent bimodal LH response is reminiscent of that of other orexigenic neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide Y. These findings show that orexins belong to a group of hypothalamic messengers that neurochemically bridge the regulatory networks that controls reproduction and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Abstract
Since nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in the neuroendocrine control of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion and sexual behavior which show diurnal variations, we monitored cGMP levels (an index of NO activity) in the extracellular compartment of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) using microdialysis. It was observed that MPOA cGMP levels rose significantly in the afternoon in both castrated and intact male rats, thereby suggesting the existence of a diurnal rhythm in MPOA cGMP/NO efflux which may participate in eliciting the well-known diurnal variations in LHRH neuronal activity and male sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- University of Florida Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Pu S, Kalra PS, Kalra SP. Ovarian steroid-independent diurnal rhythm in cyclic GMP/nitric oxide efflux in the medial preoptic area: possible role in preovulatory and ovarian steroid-induced LH surge. J Neuroendocrinol 1998; 10:617-25. [PMID: 9725714 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cyclic LH hypersecretion and nitric oxide (NO) release in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), the hypothalamic site implicated in induction of LH hypersecretion. The MPOA extracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) efflux (an index of NO release), was monitored by microdialysis. Quite unexpectedly, we observed a daily afternoon rise in the MPOA cGMP efflux in cycling female rats on proestrus and diestrus II, in ovariectomized (ovx) rats and in ovx rats treated with ovarian steroids to induce the LH surge. The daily rise in cGMP efflux occurred earlier in diestrous and in estradiol benzoate (EB)-treated ovx rats than in ovx rats. Progesterone (P) injection to estrogen-primed ovx rats further advanced the onset of the rise close to the earliest time of rise as seen on proestrus. The afternoon increase in the cGMP efflux in proestrous rats was abolished by pentobarbital treatment that blocked the LH surge. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-one (ODQ), a selective inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, suppressed the P-induced LH surge in EB-primed ovx rats, but not basal LH secretion in unprimed ovx rats. Analysis of brain NOS (bNOS) levels in the POA by Western blotting showed that the morning bNOS levels were higher in the POA of EB-treated rats than in unprimed ovx rats. Further, with the exception of ovx rats treated with sequential EB and P treatment, the POA bNOS levels rose significantly in the afternoon in unprimed ovx and EB-treated ovx rats. Collectively, these findings reveal a diurnal rhythm in the MPOA cGMP/NO efflux that is ovarian steroid-independent. Ovarian steroids apparently shift the timing of the afternoon rise in cGMP/NO efflux to synchronize with the activation of steroid-dependent neuronal systems responsible for the LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Yokosuka M, Xu B, Pu S, Kalra PS, Kalra SP. Neural substrates for leptin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) interaction: hypothalamic sites associated with inhibition of NPY-induced food intake. Physiol Behav 1998; 64:331-8. [PMID: 9748101 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of leptin, the adipocyte hormone, inhibits neuropeptide Y (NPY)-induced feeding in the rat. To identify the neural substrate for leptin and NPY interaction in the hypothalamus, we evaluated the expression of c-fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI), an early marker of neuronal activation, in response to icv administration of leptin, NPY and leptin plus NPY. As expected, leptin significantly decreased NPY-induced feeding in leptin plus NPY-treated rats. A comparative evaluation of the number of FLI-positive neurons in hypothalamic sites showed that both leptin and NPY activated FLI in the parvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus (pPVN), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN). NPY also augmented the FLI response in the magnocellular PVN (mPVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), two sites where leptin alone was ineffective. Combined leptin and NPY treatment significantly decreased the number of FLI-positive neurons in the magnocellular PVN but increased their number in the dorsomedial nucleus as compared to the number of FLI-expressing neurons in these sites after NPY and leptin alone. Because there is morphologic evidence of a link between magnocellular PVN and dorsomedial nucleus, these results suggest the functional involvement of leptin plus NPY responsive elements in these sites in reduction of NPY-induced feeding by leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yokosuka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Zhang G, Shen X, Pu S, Yang Y, Pan W, Chen H. Comparative effects of losartan and captopril on ventricular remodeling and function after myocardial infarction in the rat. Chin Med Sci J 1998; 13:32-6. [PMID: 11717921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of losartan and captopril treatment on ventricular remodeling and function after myocardial infarction in rats. METHODS Thirty-two rats with MI induced by coronary ligation after seven days were divided into four groups randomly and treated with captopril(2 g.liter-1, group A), losartan(10 mg.kg-1.d-1, group B), losartan(30 mg.kg-1.d-1, group C) and placebo (no drug, group D) for six weeks, respectively. Sham-operated rats(group E) served as controls. Echocardiography was performed at 1 and 7 weeks after MI, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the results before treatment, both LV end-diastolic internal diameter and volume decreased significantly and the thickened posterior wall was reversed in group A, B and C; the peak early filling velocity decreased whereas the peak velocity was increased in these three groups. There are no significant difference among the three treated groups. However, LV end-diastolic internal diameter and the E/A were still increased, whereas the thickness of anterior wall and the peak velocity of LV outflow were decreased in group A, B, and C after treatment comparing with group E. CONCLUSION Both angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonist can prevent the ventricular remodeling and improve the ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai 200032
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Abstract
The enormous diversity in neurochemical signals employed within the network of afferents to GnRH neurons is well-documented. An examination of novel and accumulating knowledge on the operation of these messengers indicates the presence of an interactive language governing GnRH secretion. The basic operational structures identified to date to affirm this interactive form of communication summarized in this review are the following: (i) the demonstration of interconnections within various components of the afferent network; (ii) coexistence and possible co-release of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters/neuromodulators; (iii) co-action of various messengers at synaptic targets, and (4) modulation by gonadal steroids of the synthesis and release of signals and their receptors, and induction of synaptic plasticity for the timely relay of signals for GnRH secretion. Unraveling the molecular sequelae that promote this interactive communication to elicit periodic GnRH secretion is now a new challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Kalra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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Pu S, Horvath TL, Diano S, Naftolin F, Kalra PS, Kalra SP. Evidence showing that beta-endorphin regulates cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) efflux: anatomical and functional support for an interaction between opiates and nitric oxide. Endocrinology 1997; 138:1537-43. [PMID: 9075713 DOI: 10.1210/endo.138.4.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is now recognized as a diffusible messenger molecule that normally augments intercellular communication in the central nervous system, but is neurotoxic if released in excessive amounts. NO is synthesized from L-arginine by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent neuronal isoform NO synthase (NOS) localized in sub-populations of neurons throughout the brain, including the hypothalamus. In the hypothalamus, NO stimulates the release of GnRH, the primary neurohormone governing reproduction in mammals. Although the excitatory amino acid, glutamate, acting through the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is believed to be responsible for stimulation of NO release, the neuronal system(s) that inhibits NO efflux is unknown. As the endogenous opioids, primarily beta-endorphin (betaEND), exert a tonic restraint on GnRH secretion, we sought evidence for a possible functional link between betaEND and NOS pathways in the hypothalamus. We observed that restraining the opioid influence with the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone, in intact, but not in castrated, rats rapidly augmented extracellular cGMP/NO efflux in the medial preoptic area, where GnRH, NOS, and betaEND immunoreactive pathways are coextensive. Pituitary LH secretion increased in conjunction with this augmented cGMP/NO response and pretreatment with the mu opiate receptor agonist, morphine, suppressed these naloxone-induced responses. Further, visualization of hypothalamic sections immunostained for both betaEND and NOS revealed betaEND-immunoreactive axon terminals in close proximity to NOS-positive cell bodies and dendrites in a number of hypothalamic subdivisions, including the medial preoptic area. These close appositions represented conventional synapses between betaEND nerve terminals and NOS-positive perikarya and dendrites under the electron microscope. Clearly, the experimental data, corroborated by morphological evidence, point to a direct inhibitory control of betaEND on NOS-immunoreactive neurons in monitoring cGMP/NO release. These findings together with the previous observations that the glutamate neurotransmitter acting through NMDA receptors located on NOS-immunopositive cells stimulates cGMP/NO efflux and plasma LH selectively in intact rats document the existence of a dual control comprised of the excitatory NMDA and the inhibitory mu opiate receptors in modulating cGMP/NO release, a response also directed by gonadal steroids. This new knowledge of an inhibitory opioid influence on cGMP/NO release is probably extremely important both in the generation of periodicities in GnRH secretion that underlie hypothalamic control of reproduction and in protecting against neurotoxic overstimulation of NO release by excitatory amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Chen H, Zong P, Pu S. Management of quinidine syncope in twenty cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1997; 110:315-9. [PMID: 9594237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, China
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Xu B, Pu S, Kalra PS, Hyde JF, Crowley WR, Kalra SP. An interactive physiological role of neuropeptide Y and galanin in pulsatile pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 1996; 137:5297-302. [PMID: 8940349 DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.12.8940349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) systems have been implicated in the excitatory regulation of pulsatile LH secretion in the ovariectomized rat. The present studies were designed to examine the possible interaction of these two neuropeptides in controlling episodic LH release by testing the effects of central infusion of antibodies (Ab) to NPY and GAL, alone or in combination; additional studies tested the effects of central administration of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to NPY and GAL messenger RNA. Rats were ovariectomized, implanted with a cannula in the third ventricle, and used in experiments 2 weeks later. Central infusion, via Alzet osmotic minipumps, of IgG purified from an NPY Ab produced a dose-related suppression of pulsatile LH secretion. Although an Ab dilution of 1:10 was ineffective, a maximal inhibitory effect was obtained using an NPY Ab dilution of 1:1, which decreased the mean levels, pulse frequency, and pulse amplitude of LH. These parameters of episodic LH secretion were also significantly reduced by central injection of antisense NPY ODN compared to those in vehicle- or missense ODN-treated controls. Similar dose-related inhibitory effects on the parameters of LH secretion were seen after central infusion of GAL Ab. Furthermore, infusion of a combination of NPY Ab and GAL Ab, each at the ineffective dilution of 1:10, resulted in a profound inhibition of LH secretion equivalent to the pattern seen with the maximally effective 1:1 Ab dilution. These results strengthen the idea of a physiological role for both NPY and GAL systems in the mechanism underlying the LHRH pulse generator activity and further suggest that these two excitatory neuropeptides act in concert to generate pulsatile LHRH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Pu S, Xu B, Kalra SP, Kalra PS. Evidence that gonadal steroids modulate nitric oxide efflux in the medial preoptic area: effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate and correlation with luteinizing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 1996; 137:1949-55. [PMID: 8612535 DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.5.8612535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the neuroendocrine control of reproductive function. This study was undertaken to determine 1) NO activity in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) where LHRH- and NO synthase-containing neurons are coextensive; 2) whether N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, which stimulates LHRH release, augments NO activity in the MPOA; and 3) whether NO activation in the MPOA underlies the steroid dependency of NMDA-induced pituitary LH release. As extracellular levels of cGMP in discrete brain sites are a reliable index of basal and stimulated activity of NO, extracellular cGMP levels in the MPOA of freely moving, awake rats were measured by microdialysis in the current study. In the first experiment, the MPOA of intact and castrated male rats were microdialyzed with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a rate of 5 microliters/min. The basal level of cGMP efflux was determined from the initial seven samples collected at 20-min intervals. The NO response to a single i.v. injection of NMDA (10 mg/kg) or saline was assessed in the next five samples. In the second experiment, the basal and NMDA-evoked NO effluxes in the MPOA of ovariectomized (ovx) and estrogen-treated ovx rats were examined. Results showed that in both sexes, the absence of gonadal steroids resulted in significantly lower basal cGMP levels. Additionally, the cGMP response to NMDA was steroid dependent. Whereas in castrated rats it failed to affect cGMP efflux, NMDA in intact male rats promptly raised cGMP levels at 20 min, and these elevated levels were maintained through the duration of the experiment. This NMDA-induced cGMP response, observed selectively in intact rats, was also associated with stimulation of plasma LH levels. In female rats, NMDA similarly enhanced MPOA cGMP efflux and pituitary LH secretion in estradiol benzoate-treated, but not in oil-treated, ovx rats. The NMDA receptor antagonist D,L-amino-5-phosphoropentanoic acid and the NO synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine, completely blocked the NMDA-induced cGMP and LH responses, thereby demonstrating the specificity of the NMDA receptor --> NO line of communication probably operating in the MPOA in the control of pituitary LH release. Therefore, these results show that gonadal steroids augment basal as well as NMDA-induced MPOA cGMP efflux in male and female rats. It is likely that facilitation of NO/cGMP activity in the MPOA may underlie the steroid dependency of NMDA-evoked LH hypersecretion in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Wang Q, Pu S, Cai N. [The clinical features and long-term follow-up of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter complicating Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1996; 35:153-6. [PMID: 9387649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Twenty six patients (20 male, 6 female, aged 50 +/- 14) with recurrent episodes of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (Af/AF) associated with WPW syndrome were retrospectively studied and followed. During Af/AF, 17 patients showed ventricular preexcitation. Of them, 15 patients had hypotention, 8 syncope, 4 precipitating acute heart failure and 4 spontanous degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. Hypotention was found only in 2 of the 9 patients without pre-excited ventricular beats. The mean shortest prexcited R-R intervals of the former were shorter (247 +/- 47 ms) and the average ventricular rates (198 +/- 43 beat/min) were faster than those of the latter (393 +/- 80 ms & 144 +/- 22 beat/min) respectively (P < 0.01). When pre-excited Af/AF occurred, both cardioversion and antiarrhythmic agents of class I and II had marked effect in terminating the Af/AF or slowing pre-exicted ventricular responses. Digitalis and verapamil caused deterioration in the clinical condition of 6 patients (4 with hypotention, one syncope, and one ventricular fibrillation). Management of patients for WPW complicating Af/AF without pre-excited QRS was the same as for the ordinary Af/AF. Over a period of 53 +/- 44 months of follow-up, 5 died (3 of sudden death, one of heart failure, and one of noncardiac cause) in the group with preexcited Af/AF, but all of the patients without preexcited QRS during Af/AF were alive. Conclusion, clinical severity, response to the treatment, and long-term prognosis of patients of WPW with preexcited Af/AF are different from those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University
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Pu S, Zhuang H, Lu Z, Wu X, Han J. Cholecystokinin gene expression in rat amygdaloid neurons: normal distribution and effect of morphine tolerance. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1994; 21:183-9. [PMID: 8170343 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(94)90249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that repeated opioid administration induces a tolerance to opioid, presumably due in part to an opioid-mediated compensatory increase in brain cholecystokinin (CCK) synthesis and/or release. In this study, in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to examine the effect of morphine tolerance on CCK gene expression in the amygdala of rat brains, by using a 35S-labeled synthetic oligonucleotide probe. CCK mRNA-positive neurons in normal rats were seen throughout the amygdaloid complex, with the most heavily labeled neurons in lateral, basal, and cortical nuclei, followed by the medial nucleus. Only a few labeled neurons were found in central and intercalated nuclei. The development of morphine tolerance in the rat was associated with increased hybridization signals for CCK mRNA in each subnucleus of the amygdala. Increases were seen in the numbers of positively labeled neurons and/or the numbers of hybridization grains per positively labeled neuron. Furthermore, differential patterns of increase in CCK mRNA in morphine tolerant rats occurred in different subnuclei of the amygdala, with the highest magnitude of increase in the cortical nucleus, followed in order by the medial, central, basal, intercalated and lateral nuclei. The present study demonstrated that repeated administration of morphine increased CCK gene expression in the amygdaloid complex, and suggested that the development of the tolerance to morphine analgesia is due, in part, to an increase in CCK activity in the amygdaloid complex. These findings substantiate the hypothesis that long-term administration of opioid may induce a compensatory increase in CCK synthesis and/or release, which then results in a progressive antagonism of opioid analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Department of Physiology, First School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Medical University, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Yang W, Li S, Chen Y, Tan Z, Zhang H, Ran Y, Guo J, Gu Z, Pu S. [Effects of air pollution on health of residents in vicinity of an electrometallurgical factory in Chengdu]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1993; 24:198-201. [PMID: 8244303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution in an electrometallurgical plant in Chengdu was monitored in 1988. Results showed that atmospheric TSP and Ni concentrations in the vicinity of the plant were higher than those in control area; and TSP content higher than its health standard level. A population of 262 children was physically examined in the same pollution and control areas in May, 1988. Physical examinations were as follows:otorhinolaryngological examination, skin patch test of Ni and Co, immune function test (including PHA skin test, salivary LZM content), Ni levels in human hair and urine etc. We found that body burdens of Ni in population of pollution area increased because of the pollution of Ni compounds in the atmosphere. Hair Ni content in pollution area was significantly higher than that in control area, and the positive rate of Ni skin patch test was also markedly higher than that in control area. Case history indicated that there was a significant difference in Ni content as detected by otorhinolaryngological examinations between the pollution and control areas. Some measures were suggested to improve the air quality based on the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Protection of Environment Institute of Chengdu
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Pu S. [Quantitative analysis of signal-averaged electrocardiograms]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1991; 19:281-4, 330. [PMID: 1817007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the high frequency components of the terminal portion of the high-resolution surface QRS was performed in 119 normal subjects (N), 62 patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) including 20 patients with sustained VT or VF (VTs/VF) and in 565 ischemic and nonischemic cardiac patients (NO-VT). High-resolution surface ECG (SAECG) was obtained during sinus rhythm with noise level below 0.4 microV by ART-1200EPX. The vector magnitude of the filtered and signal-averaged standard bipolar orthogonal leads X, Y, Z (V = square root of X2 + Y2 + Z2) were used for analysis. Total duration of the QRS (QRST), the duration of the low amplitude (40 microV) signals in the terminal portion of the QRS (D40) and the amplitude of the signals in the last 40 ms (V40) were measured at filter settings of both 25Hz and 40Hz by the computer. Specific values for each of the indices were identified at both 25Hz and 40Hz filterings, which could separate N as well as NO-VT from VTs/VF. They were greater than or equal to 120 ms for QRST, greater than or equal to 34 ms for D40 and less than or equal to 25 microV for V40 at 25Hz, greater than or equal to 120 ms for QRST, greater than or equal to 39 ms for D40 and less than or equal to 20 microV for V40 at 40 Hz filtering.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University
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Zhu Y, Pu S. [Experimental model of fatal arrhythmia after myocardial infarction]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1990; 18:377-9. [PMID: 2093563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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