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Collet E, Herve M, Privault G, Chaban I, Trzop E, Cammarata M, Mariette C, Imoto K, Yoshikiyo M, Tokoro H, Ohkoshi S. Making ultrafast phase transition movie with streaming crystallography and femtosecond XANES in Prussian blue analogues. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322095778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Mariette C, Lorenc M, Cailleau H, Collet E, Guérin L, Volte A, Trzop E, Bertoni R, Dong X, Lépine B, Hernandez O, Janod E, Cario L, Ta Phuoc V, Ohkoshi S, Tokoro H, Patthey L, Babic A, Usov I, Ozerov D, Sala L, Ebner S, Böhler P, Keller A, Oggenfuss A, Zmofing T, Redford S, Vetter S, Follath R, Juranic P, Schreiber A, Beaud P, Esposito V, Deng Y, Ingold G, Chergui M, Mancini GF, Mankowsky R, Svetina C, Zerdane S, Mozzanica A, Bosak A, Wulff M, Levantino M, Lemke H, Cammarata M. Strain wave pathway to semiconductor-to-metal transition revealed by time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1239. [PMID: 33623010 PMCID: PMC7902810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in ultrafast material science is to trigger phase transitions with short pulses of light. Here we show how strain waves, launched by electronic and structural precursor phenomena, determine a coherent macroscopic transformation pathway for the semiconducting-to-metal transition in bistable Ti3O5 nanocrystals. Employing femtosecond powder X-ray diffraction, we measure the lattice deformation in the phase transition as a function of time. We monitor the early intra-cell distortion around the light absorbing metal dimer and the long range deformations governed by acoustic waves propagating from the laser-exposed Ti3O5 surface. We developed a simplified elastic model demonstrating that picosecond switching in nanocrystals happens concomitantly with the propagating acoustic wavefront, several decades faster than thermal processes governed by heat diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mariette
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France.
| | - M Lorenc
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France.
| | - H Cailleau
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
| | - E Collet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
| | - L Guérin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
| | - A Volte
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
| | - E Trzop
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
| | - R Bertoni
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
| | - X Dong
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
| | - B Lépine
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France
| | - O Hernandez
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - E Janod
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - L Cario
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - V Ta Phuoc
- GREMAN-UMR 7347 CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - S Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tokoro
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - L Patthey
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Babic
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - I Usov
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Ozerov
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - L Sala
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Ebner
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Böhler
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Keller
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Oggenfuss
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Zmofing
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Redford
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Vetter
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Follath
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Juranic
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Schreiber
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Esposito
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Institute for Materials and Energy Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Y Deng
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Ingold
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G F Mancini
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Mankowsky
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C Svetina
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Zerdane
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Mozzanica
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Bosak
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - M Wulff
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - M Levantino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - H Lemke
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Cammarata
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, Rennes, France. .,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ould‐Hamouda
- CNRS UMR 5798, LOMA Universite Bordeaux 358 cours de la libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Antonio Iazzolino
- CNRS UMR 5798, LOMA Universite Bordeaux 358 cours de la libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Hiroko Tokoro
- Department of Chemistry School of Science The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo 113‐0033 Bunko‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Division of Materials Science Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1, Tennodai 305‐8573 Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Shin‐Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry School of Science The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo 113‐0033 Bunko‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Eric Freysz
- CNRS UMR 5798, LOMA Universite Bordeaux 358 cours de la libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
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Miyamoto Y, Nasu T, Ozaki N, Umeta Y, Tokoro H, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi S. Photo-induced magnetization and first-principles calculations of a two-dimensional cyanide-bridged Co–W bimetal assembly. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19249-19256. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03793c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First-principles calculations show the optical transition from WIV to CoIII, which causes photo-induced magnetization of a Co–W bimetal assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Miyamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - T. Nasu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - N. Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Y. Umeta
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - H. Tokoro
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - K. Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - S. Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
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Abstract
Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to dietary aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) have both been implicated by epidemiological studies to be important risk factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our ability to derive transgenic mice which develop liver cancer as a consequence of the expression of a single gene from HBV, the HBx gene, provides an opportunity to use this animal model to test whether AFB(1) can induce p53 mutations, particularly at codon 249, which are frequently detected in HCC and, as a result, act synergistically with HBV to accelerate the manifestation of disease. While AFB(1) significantly shortened the latency of tumor development in the HBx transgenic mice, the tumors did not have p53 mutations. As in tumors from the untreated transgenic mice, the p53 tumor suppressor protein is found bound to the HBx protein and sequestered in the cytoplasmic compartment of the tumor cell. Despite the frequent involvement of ras mutations in mouse tumors, we also have not detected activation of the ms p21 protein in the tumors from the AFB(1)-treated mice. We conclude that although AFB(1) can act as a co-factor with HBx to induce HCC in mice, its mode of action in vivo remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ueda
- AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,DEPT VIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. NCI,HUMAN CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892
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Nozawa S, Sato T, Tomita A, Hoshino M, Tokoro H, Ohkoshi S, Adachi S, Koshihara S. Dynamic investigation of photoinduced phase transition in Prussian blue analogs by picosecond time-resolved XAFS. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311097339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nakajima M, Namai A, Ohkoshi S, Suemoto T. Ultrafast time domain demonstration of bulk magnetization precession at zero magnetic field ferromagnetic resonance induced by terahertz magnetic field. Opt Express 2010; 18:18260-18268. [PMID: 20721218 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.018260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of sub-terahertz bulk-magnetization precession, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The magnetization precession in gallium-substituted epsilon-iron oxide nano-ferromagnets under zero magnetic field is induced by the impulsive magnetic field of the THz wave through the gyromagnetic effect. Just at the resonance frequency, the linear to circular polarized wave conversion is realized. This is understood as the free induction decay signal radiated from a rotating magnetic dipole corresponding to the natural resonance. Furthermore, this demonstration reveals that the series of gallium-substituted epsilon-iron oxide nano-ferromagnets is very prospective for magneto-optic devices, which work at room temperature without external magnetic field, in next-generation wireless communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakajima
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
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Fukaya R, Nakajima M, Tokoro H, Ohkoshi S, Suemoto T. Photoinduced charge-transfer process in rubidium manganese hexacyanoferrate probed by Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:154505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3245863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Shimamoto
- a Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , Komaba 4–6–1, Meguro, Tokyo , 153-8904 , Japan
| | - S. Ohkoshi
- a Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , Komaba 4–6–1, Meguro, Tokyo , 153-8904 , Japan
| | - O. Sato
- b Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP , E412, Sakado 3–2–1, Takatsuku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa , 213-0012 , Japan
| | - K. Hashimoto
- a Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , Komaba 4–6–1, Meguro, Tokyo , 153-8904 , Japan
- b Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP , E412, Sakado 3–2–1, Takatsuku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa , 213-0012 , Japan
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Varret F, Boukheddaden K, Codjovi E, Maurin I, Tokoro H, Ohkoshi S, Hashimoto K. Light-induced thermal hysteresis and intensity thresholds in molecular switcheable solids, by mean-field macroscopic master equation approach: Discussion of the experimental data obtained for Co–Fe Prussian Blue Analogues. Polyhedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gawali-Salunke S, Varret F, Maurin I, Enachescu C, Malarova M, Boukheddaden K, Codjovi E, Tokoro H, Ohkoshi S, Hashimoto K. Magnetic and Mössbauer Investigation of the Photomagnetic Prussian Blue Analogue Na0.32Co[Fe(CN)6]0.74·3.4H2O: Cooperative Relaxation of the Thermally Quenched State. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:8251-6. [PMID: 16851964 DOI: 10.1021/jp044739x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to thermal quenching we investigated the relaxation of the metastable state of Na(0.32)Co[Fe(CN)6](0.74).3.4H2O at low temperature. A self-accelerated process has been observed in agreement with the cooperative character of the system, responsible for the large thermal hysteresis of the charge-transfer-induced spin transition. The mean-field analysis of the relaxation is discussed with respect to the equilibrium properties. A sizable deviation from mean-field behavior is observed at the beginning of the relaxation process, which might be attributed to a preliminary structural relaxation of the quenched state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gawali-Salunke
- Laboratoire de Magnétisme et d'Optique, CNRS-Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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Kato K, Moritomo Y, Takata M, Sakata M, Umekawa M, Hamada N, Ohkoshi S, Tokoro H, Hashimoto K. Direct observation of charge transfer in double-perovskite-like RbMn[Fe(CN)6]. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:255502. [PMID: 14754125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.255502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The charge density distribution has been determined for a transition metal cyanide, RbMn[Fe(CN)(6)], by means of the maximum entropy-Rietveld method combined with the highly angularly resolved synchrotron radiation x-ray powder diffraction at SPring-8 BL02B2. We directly observed a charge transfer from the Mn site to the Fe site in the low-temperature phase. On the basis of a local density approximation calculation, we discuss the origin for the anisotropic bonding electron distribution around the Mn3+ ion in the low-temperature phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- JASRI/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Mikazuki-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Ichida T, Ohkoshi S, Takimoto M, Ishikawa T. [Interferon therapy to chronic hepatitis type C for the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis]. Nihon Rinsho 2001; 59:1331-7. [PMID: 11494547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
Interferon(IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis(CH) related by hepatitis C virus is useful for the prevention of the appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) by both prospective and retrospective study. IFN could be reduced an activity of necro-inflammatory reaction leading toward the reduction of fibrogenesis. Therefore, IFN treated group had a low potential carcinogenesis of the liver indicating the prevention of HCC from CH type C, even if virological complete remmision(CR) could not be obtained after IFN treatment. Biochemical response(BR) group as well as CR group could be inhibited hepatocarcinogenesis compare with non-IFN treated group. Recently, IFN applied for liver cirrhosis as same concept for the prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ichida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine
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Yokoyama T, Okamoto K, Matsumura D, Ohta T, Ohkoshi S, Hashimoto K. Characterization of relaxed photo-excited magnetized states in prussian-blue analogous magnets. J Synchrotron Radiat 2001; 8:913-915. [PMID: 11512976 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049500016721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Accepted: 11/08/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Local structure of a photo- or x-ray-induced ferrimagnet Cs0.8Co1.3 [W(CN)8](3-cyanopyridine)1.9 x 2.1H2O was investigated by means of Co K- and W L-edge XAFS spectroscopy. The Co K-edge XANES spectra provide quantitative information on the ratio of Co(II) and Co(III) by virtue of the factor analysis. It was found that the Co(II) ratios are 81.9% at 300 K and 32.7% at 150 K. When the sample was irradiated by x rays at 30 K, a phase transformation occurred in a similar manner to the visible-light irradiation and a relaxed excited state that exhibits ferrimagnetism was formed. The relaxed excited state gives the Co(II) ratio of 67.0%. The W L(III)-edge EXAFS spectra determine the W-C, W-N and W-Co distances. The results of the distances were obtained as R(W-C)=2.16 A, R(W-N)=3.31 A, R(W-CoII)=5.37 A and R(W-CoIII)=5.19 A, irrespective of the three phases. The local structure of the relaxed excited state was found to be identical with that of the high-temperature (300 K) phase. The phase transformation is concluded to be caused by the charge transfer and the spin flipping from the -W(IV)(S=0)-CN-CoIII (S=0)- configuration to -W(V)(S=1/2)-CN-CoII (S=3/2)-.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhong ZJ, Seino H, Mizobe Y, Hidai M, Verdaguer M, Ohkoshi S, Hashimoto K. Crystal structure and magnetic properties of an octacyanometalate-based three-dimensional tungstate(V)-manganese(II) bimetallic assembly. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:5095-101. [PMID: 11233207 DOI: 10.1021/ic0005994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A single crystal of the title compound [MnII6(H2O)9[W(V)(CN)8]4 x 13H2O]n was synthesized in a hot aqueous solution containing octacyanotungstate, Na3[W(CN)8] x 3H2O, and Mn(ClO4)2 x 6H2O. The compound crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c with cell constants a = 15.438(2) A, b = 14.691(2) A, c = 33.046(2) A, beta = 94.832(9) degrees, and Z = 4. The crystal consists of a W(V)-CN-MnII linked three-dimensional network [[MnII(H2O)]3[MnII(H2O)2]3[W(V)(CN)8]4]n and H2O molecules as crystal solvates. There are two kinds of W sites: one is close to a dodecahedron geometry with six bridging and two terminal CN ligands; the other is close to a bicapped trigonal prism with seven bridging and one terminal CN ligands. The field-cooled magnetization measurement showed that the compound exhibits a spontaneous magnetization below Tc = 54 K. Further magnetization measurements on the field dependence reveal it to be a ferrimagnet where all of the MnII ions are antiparallel to all the W(V) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Zhong
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kaizu H, Cho D, Matsuki A, Ohkoshi S, Nomoto M, Asakura H. Gamma-ray induced hepatocarcinogenesis in p53-deficient mice. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:1545-9. [PMID: 10928068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the p53 gene are frequent genetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but, little is known of the molecular genetic changes that occur during murine hepatocarcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To characterize the properties of constitutive p53 deficiency that contribute to liver tumor development, a total of 168 F1 mice of two different strains (C3H, which are susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis and MSM [Mus. M. molossinus] with a single null p53 allele) were exposed to a single 3-Gy dose of whole-body gamma-irradiation at 4 weeks of age and observed for a period of 360 days. The genotype of the mice and the p53 spectrum of the tumors were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. RESULTS Thirty-five gamma-ray-induced HCCs were obtained as a result of this experiment. 11 (40%) of the mice with liver tumor were wild-type for p53. All liver tumors examined retained the wild-type p53 allele, indicating that p53 itself may not be a target for radiation-induced alteration. Only two p53-deficient mice in the liver tumor group developed thymic lymphomas. The p53-deficient mice showed no significant differences in the number, size, or growth rate of HCC or in the apparent development of HCC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that p53 deficiency does not enhance the rate of development or degree of malignancy of radiation-induced HCC in mice but may instead favor the development of multiple primary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaizu
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kuwana K, Ichida T, Kamimura T, Ohkoshi S, Ogata N, Harada T, Endoh K, Asakura H. Risk factors and the effect of interferon therapy in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multivariate analysis in 343 patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 12:149-55. [PMID: 9083916 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to clarify the risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to investigate the effectiveness of interferon (IFN) therapy. We retrospectively studied 343 patients who had been admitted to our hospital; 161 with chronic hepatitis, 49 with liver cirrhosis, 42 with chronic hepatitis bearing HCC and 91 with liver cirrhosis bearing HCC. The mean (+/- SD) observation period was 41.6 +/- 31.1 months. The mean age of HCC and non-HCC patients was 63.5 +/- 7.6 and 56.9 +/- 12.5 years, respectively (P < 0.001). The HCV genotype II (1b) was the most prevalent genotype (92.5%) in HCC patients and the mean age was higher among patients with this genotype (63.6 +/- 7.7 years). Multivariate analysis identified age (P < 0.001), the male gender (P < 0.01), HCV genotype II (1b) (P < 0.05) and excessive alcohol intake (P < 0.05) as independent factors associated with the development of HCC. There was no relationship between the development of HCC and serum HCV levels as quantified by branched DNA assay or competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The incidence of HCC in patients who had not received IFN therapy was 10.4/100 person-year, while that of patients who had received IFN therapy was 1.2/100 person-year (P < 0.01) by the person-year method. The low incidence of HCC in patients treated with IFN suggests that IFN may prevent the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kuwana
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Yamasaki M, Shimizu T, Nagayama T, Waki H, Wago H, Ohkouch T, Katahira K, Kaneko M, Torita K, Yamagata M, Shinnya K, Kanazawa M, Nemoto M, Mihara H, Ohkoshi S, Suzuki T, Tamura M, Satoh M, Tan-no M, Nagaoka S, Mukai C, Uemura M. [Measurement of the common carotid arterial flow during parabolic flight in the anesthetized rat]. Biol Sci Space 1996; 10:190-1. [PMID: 11540344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
To measure the blood flow of a common carotid artery (CCA) during parabolic flight in the rat, we developed an animal double hold box (ADHB) made of styrene expanded form for the anesthetized rat to keep the animal at a proper posture in an aircaft. Twelve anesthetized rats weighing 291-342 g were surgically operated to mount a ultrasound flowmeter probe (1 mm size,1RS:Transonic Systems Inc.) around the right CCA and to insert a catheter into the right axillar artery for blood pressure measurement. These animals were held comfortably in ADHBs which were placed on the rack installed in the aircraft (MU-300). A total of 27 parabolic flights was performed and the blood flow was measured accurately in 9 rats. This special animal holding facility is useful for various types of animal experiments in an aircraft.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamasaki
- Department of Physiology, Fukushima Medical College
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19
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Tawaraya H, Ohkoshi S, Kuwana K, Watanabe M, Kamimura T, Asakura H. Epidemiologic survey and genetic analysis of endemic hepatitis C virus infection in a Japanese town with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus carriers. J Med Virol 1995; 45:367-72. [PMID: 7545207 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890450403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass screening for hepatitis C virus antibody was carried out in 875 inhabitants (313 men and 562 women) of a town in Japan with a high rate of hepatitis B virus infection. The overall rate of positivity for anti-HCV was 8.8% (6.4% in men and 10.1% in women). The rate of positivity for hepatitis B virus surface antigen was 11.2%. Five subjects (0.6%) were positive for both markers. HCV-RNA was detected in 65 (88.4%) of 77 individuals who were positive for anti-HCV and in 1 (1.5%) of 60 individuals negative for anti-HCV. The genotype of the HCV genome was determined by PCR analysis using type-specific primers in 60 individuals. HCV type 1b was detected in 51 subjects (85%), type 2a in 3 subjects (5%), and type 2b in 6 subjects (10%). None of the individuals was infected with more than one genotype. The nucleotide sequences of the partial nonstructural 5 region of HCV type 1b genotype obtained from 6 individuals showed at least 92.0% homology in the nucleotide sequence, and 94.8% homology in the amino acid sequence. Homology among these clones was greater than their homology with previously described type 1b sequences. The findings suggest that there was a specific local origin of HCV infection, although it was not possible to identify any single source of HCV infection. The results also indicate that presence of asymptomatic HCV carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tawaraya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Japan
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20
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Ohkoshi S, Tawaraya H, Kuwana K, Harada T, Watanabe M, Higuchi S, Kojima H, Kamimura T, Asakura H. A retrospective study of hepatitis C virus carriers in a local endemic town in Japan. A possible presence of asymptomatic carrier. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:465-71. [PMID: 7851213 DOI: 10.1007/bf02065436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are the accepted sequelae of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the real natural history of HCV infection is not still well understood. To approach this problem, we investigated 91 individuals positive for antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV), who have received annual liver function examination in a local town known to have had high carrier rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV. Among the 91 anti-HCV-positive individuals, 63 had undertaken the annual examination more than five times in the past 14 years. We analyzed retrospectively the past liver function test results of these 63 subjects and evaluated their present virological status by determining HCV genotypes and estimating quantity of HCV RNA in the sera. Among the 63 subjects, 50 (79.4%) had HCV RNA in the serum and 40 (80%) of the 50 subjects with HCV RNA had abnormal alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level more than once in their records. However, the other 10 (20%) had no abnormal levels during the period examined. Six of 50 (12%) had ultrasonographic findings suggestive of cirrhosis. Thus, HCV-infected individuals in this area did not seem to have progressive liver diseases. Considering the advanced ages of the individuals examined (mean 64 years old), we may have observed a stage in the natural history of HCV infection in which viremia persists in most individuals and the tendency to progress to serious chronic liver disease is mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohkoshi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Japan
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21
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Kato N, Nakazawa T, Ootsuyama Y, Sugiyama K, Ohkoshi S, Shimotohno K. Virus isolate-specific antibodies against hypervariable region 1 of the hepatitis C virus second envelope protein, gp70. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994; 85:987-91. [PMID: 7525524 PMCID: PMC5919351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), located in the N-terminal region of a putative second envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of hepatitis C virus (HCV), contains immunological B-cell epitopes which might be neutralizing epitopes. To clarify whether B-cell epitopes within HVR1 are common among virus isolates or specific for the homologous virus isolate, we examined the reactivities of sera from 53 patients with chronic hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma/liver cirrhosis against two different HVR1 peptides (HVR1 I-1 and HVR1 Y-1) derived from patient I with sporadic acute hepatitis and an asymptomatic carrier Y, respectively, using our original assay system for the detection of anti-HVR1 antibody. All patients examined had a history of blood transfusion. Most sera showed no reactivity with either HVR1 I-1 or HVR1 Y-1 peptide. Only seven and fourteen serum samples reacted significantly, although weakly, with HVR1 I-1 and HVR1 Y-1 peptides, respectively, compared with the serum from patient I or asymptomatic carrier Y. The blood transfusions of most reactive cases had occurred more than thirty years earlier. Six cases reacted with both HVR1 I-1 and HVR1 Y-1 peptides, but further analysis revealed that only three cases reacted weakly with the peptide for either epitope I or II, identified within HVR1 I-1. These results indicate that the B-cell epitopes within HVR1 are fairly specific for the homologous virus isolate, and this may represent a serious difficulty in the development of a vaccine against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
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22
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Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Sekiya H, Ohkoshi S, Nakazawa T, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K. Genetic drift in hypervariable region 1 of the viral genome in persistent hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 1994; 68:4776-84. [PMID: 7518526 PMCID: PMC236417 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.68.8.4776-4784.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the putative second envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains a sequence-specific immunological B-cell epitope that induces the production of antibodies restricted to the specific viral isolate, and anti-HVR1 antibodies are involved in the genetic drift of HVR1 driven by immunoselection (N. Kato, H. Sekiya, Y. Ootsuyama, T. Nakazawa, M. Hijikata, S. Ohkoshi, and K. Shimotohno, J. Virol. 67:3923-3930, 1993). We further investigated the sequence variability of the HCV genomic region that entirely encodes the envelope proteins (gp35 and gp70); these sequences were derived from virus isolated during the acute and chronic phases of hepatitis in one patient, and we found that HVR1 was a major site for genetic mutations in HCV after the onset of hepatitis. We carried out epitope-mapping experiments using the HVR1 sequence derived from the acute phase of hepatitis and identified two overlapping epitopes which are each composed of 11 amino acids (positions 394 to 404 and 397 to 407). The presence of two epitopes within HVR1 suggested that epitope shift happened during the course of hepatitis. Four of six amino acid substitutions detected in HVR1 were located within the two epitopes. We further examined the reactivities of anti-HVR1 antibodies to the substituted amino acid sequences within the two epitopes. HVR1 variants in both epitopes within the HVR1 escaped from anti-HVR1 antibodies that were preexisting in the patient's serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Nakazawa T, Kato N, Ohkoshi S, Shibuya A, Shimotohno K. Characterization of the 5' noncoding and structural region of the hepatitis C virus genome from patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis responding differently to interferon treatment. J Hepatol 1994; 20:623-9. [PMID: 7520922 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We examined 14 patients with hepatitis C caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus-II genotype to understand differences in responsiveness to interferon. The patients were classified into two groups according to their response to interferon: eight responding and six non-responding patients. The 5' noncoding and structural regions of the hepatitis C virus-II genome from each patient specimen were amplified by reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequences of these amplified DNAs were then determined. By comparing the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of samples from both groups, no group-specific sequence was observed in the analyzed regions despite the presence of considerable sequence diversity. However, additional cysteine residues were observed in half the responding group. The degree of micro-heterogeneity in hypervariable region 1 of the hepatitis C virus in relation to the sensitivity to interferon treatment was also examined; however, no significant correlation was observed. In addition, frequent alterations in the amino acid sequences were observed in hypervariable region 1 during the course of interferon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakazawa
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Watanabe M, Ohkoshi S, Tawaraya H, Miyajima T, Shimotohno K, Kamimura T, Asakura H. Hepatitis C viral markers in patients who received blood that was positive for hepatitis C virus core antibody, with genetic evidence of hepatitis C virus transmission. Transfusion 1994; 34:125-9. [PMID: 7508643 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34294143939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the use of the anti-c100-3 assay for blood donor screening, posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis still occurred. A more sensitive assay should be developed to prevent this. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Stored serum specimens from 2020 healthy blood donors who were negative for c100-3 antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were retrospectively screened for the presence of antibodies against a core protein of HCV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis as part of a study on posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis. RESULTS Eight (0.4%) of the 2020 donors were positive for HCV core antibody. Posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis occurred in 5 of five patients known to have received blood that was positive for HCV core antibody and 1 of 141 patients transfused with blood that was negative for HCV core antibody. The total incidence of posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis was 4.1 percent (6/146). The nucleotide sequence of the nonstructural 5 region of the HCV genome obtained from two donors and corresponding recipients was also analyzed. The HCV genome sequences were identical for one donor-recipient pair, and there was 99.4-percent homology for a second pair. CONCLUSION Anti-core-positive blood proved to be highly infectious for HCV, and this validated the use of the second-generation anti-HCV assay for blood donor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Japan
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25
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Igarashi K, Aoyagi Y, Ohkoshi S, Yokota T, Mori S, Suda T, Kamimura T, Asakura H. Sequence analysis of the proximal promoter region of the human alpha-fetoprotein gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 1994; 76:93-9. [PMID: 7511984 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have examined whether or not mutations exist in the proximal promoter region of the human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue. Genomic DNA was extracted from four patients: one HCC tissue, one HCC and its corresponding non-cancerous (cirrhosis) tissues, one liver cirrhosis (LC) tissue without HCC and one matching HCC tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes. Serum concentrations of AFP in the patients ranged from less than 5 to 10,138 ng/ml. Nucleotide sequence was determined by direct sequencing using a single-stranded DNA template that was produced first through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and then asymmetric PCR. In one HCC tissue taken from the patient with a high concentration of serum AFP, nucleotides different from published ones were detected at -120 and -113. These changes, however, probably reflect a DNA polymorphism, because peripheral blood leukocytes of the same patient had the same changes. Including this patient, no mutations in the region from -160 to -10 were detected in the HCC specimens we have examined. These results suggest that the extremely proximal promoter region of the AFP gene where glucocorticoid-responsive element and HNF-1 binding sites exist is not responsible for the re-expression of AFP in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Igarashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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26
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Kato N, Sekiya H, Ootsuyama Y, Nakazawa T, Hijikata M, Ohkoshi S, Shimotohno K. Humoral immune response to hypervariable region 1 of the putative envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 1993; 67:3923-30. [PMID: 7685404 PMCID: PMC237759 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.7.3923-3930.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently found that alterations of amino acids in hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the putative envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurred sequentially in the chronic phase of hepatitis at intervals of several months. This finding suggests that mutations in HVR1 are involved in the mechanism of persistent chronic HCV infection involving escape from the immunosurveillance system. To explore this possibility, we examined the humoral immune response to HVR1 with our assay system, in which immunoprecipitation was carried out with sera from patients by using an HVR1 (27-amino-acid) dihydrofolate reductase fusion protein synthesized by in vitro transcription and translation. Results showed that HVR1 contains a sequence-specific immunological epitope that induces the production of antibodies restricted to the specific viral isolate. Furthermore, analysis of the kinetics of the appearance of antibodies in two patients with chronic hepatitis, with whom successive alterations of amino acids of HVR1 have been observed, showed that the titers of anti-HVR1 antibodies usually reached maximal levels several months after the isolation of HCV having the specific sequence of HVR1. This observation suggests that anti-HVR1 antibodies are involved in the genetic drift of HVR1 (minor antigenic variation) by immunoselection. However, the coexistence of HVR1 as an antigen and its specific antibody was sometimes observed. The possibility that HVR1 acts as a neutralizing epitope is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Ohkoshi S, Watanabe M, Kuwana K, Tawaraya H, Kamimura T, Asakura H. Clinical evaluation of the antibody against core protein of hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993; 28 Suppl 5:80-3. [PMID: 7689513 DOI: 10.1007/bf02989212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The authors measured antibody against the core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis and healthy blood donors, and compared the results with the one obtained from anti-C100-3 assay. To characterize this antibody (anti-core), we also examined the patients with past posttransfusional acute non-A, non-B hepatitis and investigated how frequently viraemia of HCV persisted after the acute phase of hepatitis detecting HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Anti-core was detected in 109/128 (85.2%) of patients with chronic hepatitis and the detection rate of anti-C100-3 was 95/128 (74.2%), respectively. Twenty seven of 33 (82%) patients with past postransfusional acute hepatitis were still positive for anti-core concomitant with the presence of anti-C100-3, having accompanied the presence of HCV RNA in 24/33 (73%). Eight of 2,020 (0.4%) healthy blood donors who were negative for anti-C100-3 were anti-core-positive, and all 5 patients transfused with this anti-core positive blood suffered from posttransfusion hepatitis C. Thus, anti-core antibody was closely associated with the presence of HCV RNA and considered to be a reliable marker of the virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohkoshi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Japan
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28
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Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Ohkoshi S, Nakazawa T, Sekiya H, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K. Characterization of hypervariable regions in the putative envelope protein of hepatitis C virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 189:119-27. [PMID: 1333186 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91533-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified two hypervariable regions [HVR1 (27 amino acids) and HVR2 (7 amino acids)] in the putative envelope glycoprotein (gp70) by comparison of the amino acid sequences of many isolates of the HCV-II genotype. To understand the functional features of these HVRs, using the polymerase chain reaction we analyzed the rate of actual sequence variability in the region including HVR1 and HVR2 of HCV isolated successively at intervals of several months from two patients with chronic C-type hepatitis. In both patients, the amino acid sequence of HVR1, but not HVR2, was found to change dramatically during the observation period (about one amino acid per month). However, no alteration of the amino acid sequence of HVR1 of HCV was observed in a patient in the acute phase of chronic hepatitis. Restriction digestion analysis of sequence diversity showed that a HCV genome with a newly introduced mutation in HVR1 often became the predominant population at the next time of examination. Alterations of amino acids in HVR1 occurred sequentially in the two patients in the chronic phase. These findings suggest that mutations in HVR1 are involved in the mechanism of persistent chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) was analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant viral proteins encoded by regions of the putative viral core, NS3, NS4 and NS5, which were expressed in E. coli. Results showed that 106 of 124 cases (85.5%) of non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis and 43 of 45 cases (95.5%) of hepatocellular carcinoma, negative for HBV marker, were positive for antibodies against at least one of these viral proteins. One of 87 healthy individuals with normal alanine aminotransferase activity was positive for antibody against only the viral core, but was negative for HCV RNA. The serum of one patient with chronic hepatitis was positive for one of these proteins, but negative for HCV RNA. These findings in combination with results on detection of HCV RNA in the sera of patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis indicated that 105 of 124 cases (84.6%) were positive for HCV infection. Sera that were negative for HCV antibodies against all these proteins were also negative for HCV RNA assayed by reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction. Screening of HCV infection by detecting viral antibodies in circulating blood using all these viral proteins is useful for reducing the number of ambiguous results in screening for viral infection. Thus, this assay system may be useful diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mori
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
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30
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Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Tanaka T, Nakagawa M, Nakazawa T, Muraiso K, Ohkoshi S, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K. Marked sequence diversity in the putative envelope proteins of hepatitis C viruses. Virus Res 1992; 22:107-23. [PMID: 1314471 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90038-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of cDNAs (414 base pairs) encoding parts of putative envelope proteins (gp35 and gp70) of 40 isolates of hepatitis C virus (HCV-J) derived from 30 independent plasma or liver specimens from Japanese patients (13 with chronic hepatitis, 14 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 hemophiliacs who had received imported clotting factors), were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction. Approximately 29-38% of the nucleotide sequences of the HCV-J isolates examined differed from those of isolates from the United States (HCV-US). Furthermore, 12-24% and 8-17% sequence diversities were found within the isolates of HCV-J and HCV-US, respectively. The diversities of the amino acid sequences were the same or greater than those of the nucleotide sequences. We confirmed that two hypervariable regions (HVR1 and HVR2) were present in this amplified region, as described in our previous report (Hijikata et al., 1991a) and we found that the HVR1 regions of HCV-J and HCV-US were 27 and 21 amino acids in length, respectively, and began from the N-terminal amino acid of gp70. HVR2 was found in HCV-J, but not in HCV-US isolates, in which the corresponding region of the genome was conserved. During the analysis, plural HCV genomes were found in 6 of 30 specimens. These plural HCV genomes in a single specimen were concluded to be derived from the same HCV ancestor, because of their relative low sequence diversities (about 10% in their nucleotide sequences).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Southern blotting was used to examine the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in non-cancerous liver tissue specimens from 22 Japanese hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, who were negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). By Southern blot analysis, HBV DNA was negative in all 22 patients, but it was detected by the PCR in 8 of the 15 patients who were positive for antibodies against HBsAg or HBV core antigen. Seven patients who were negative for those antibodies were also negative for HBV DNA by the PCR. These results suggest that HBV may be involved in the etiology of the liver disease of some patients with what is presently classified as non-A, non-B hepatitis, if they are positive for HBV antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohkoshi
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Abstract
A detection system was developed to distinguish the four different HCV genomes [HCV-J, HCV-US, HCV-K2 and group II HCV (HCV-GII)], involving reverse transcription followed by a nested polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for each HCV type. The putative non-structural (NS) 5 regions of HCV-J, HCV-US and HCV-K2 and the putative NS3 region of HCV-GII were amplified. Of 95 specimens from patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, 67 specimens were positive for HCV-J, 2 for HCV-US, 23 for HCV-K2 and 11 for HCV-GII. About half the specimens that were positive for HCV-K2 or HCV-GII were coinfected with HCV-J and all those that were positive for HCV-GII were also positive for HCV-K2. Nucleotide sequence analysis of several amplified cDNA products revealed that HCV-K2 and HCV-GII could each be classified into two groups, and the pattern of classification of HCV-K2 was identical with that of HCV-GII. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that HCV-K2 is the same as HCV-GII.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Muraiso K, Hijikata M, Kato N, Shimotohno K, Okazaki N, Ohkoshi S, Uura M, Kaneko S, Kobayashi K, Omata M. Detection of hepatitis C virus infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using core protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991; 82:879-82. [PMID: 1716622 PMCID: PMC5918576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) expressed in E. coli led to detection of the antibody against this virus in patients with chronic hepatitis. Some of the negative results obtained using a different viral protein became positive with this E. coli-expressed viral protein, and were also positive for the viral RNA. Thus, use of the core protein of HCV facilitates accurate detection of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Muraiso
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
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34
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Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the polyprotein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the Japanese hepatitis C virus genome (N. Kato et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 9524-9528) indicated that this virus is a member of a new class of positive-stranded RNA viruses. Several domains of this polyprotein also showed weak homology with those of flaviviruses and pestiviruses including the chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase, NTPase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Hijikata M, Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Ohkoshi S, Shimotohno K. Hypervariable regions in the putative glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 175:220-8. [PMID: 1847805 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparison of the sequences of the putative glycoprotein region in three independent cDNA clones of hepatitis C virus and of sequences of four other clones revealed extensive genetic variation clustered and interspersed with highly conserved amino acid sequences. We obtained evidence for two hypervariable regions in the putative envelope glycoprotein, one region was assumed to be a potential antigenic site, as deduced from the hydrophilicity and analyses of secondary structures. These observations suggest the existence of a large pool of antigenic variants of hepatitis C virus, in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hijikata
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Ohkoshi S, Kato N, Shimotohno K, Hirohashi S. [Detection of HCV genome in liver tissues with non-A, non-B hepatitis using the polymerase chain reaction]. Nihon Rinsho 1991; 49:305-9. [PMID: 1849187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ohkoshi
- National Cancer Center, Research Institute
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37
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Shimotohno K, Muraiso K, Ohkoshi S, Hijikata M, Kato N. [Detection of HCV infection using a core protein expressed in E. coli]. Nihon Rinsho 1991; 49:319-24. [PMID: 1849189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Shimotohno
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute
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38
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Shimotohno K, Ohkoshi S, Kato N. [Detection of non-A, non-B hepatitis viral gene by polymerase chain reaction]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 1990; 35:3011-5. [PMID: 1962866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Shimotohno
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Hijikata M, Kato N, Mori S, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Sugimura T, Ohkoshi S, Kojima H, Meguro T, Taki M. Frequent detection of hepatitis C virus US strain in Japanese hemophiliacs. Jpn J Cancer Res 1990; 81:1195-7. [PMID: 2177459 PMCID: PMC5918019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophiliacs have been found to be at high risk of hepatitis. Hemophiliacs in Japan receive imported clotting factors as well as domestic ones. Recently we found that hepatitis C virus (HCV) could be classified into at least two types, HCV-US and HCV-J, depending on the nucleotide sequence. We analyzed the nucleotide sequences of virus RNAs from the plasma of patients with hemophilia A or B and found HCV-US in 3 of 4 Japanese hemophiliacs examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hijikata
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
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40
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Kato N, Hijikata M, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Ohkoshi S, Sugimura T, Shimotohno K. Molecular cloning of the human hepatitis C virus genome from Japanese patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:9524-8. [PMID: 2175903 PMCID: PMC55204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the Japanese type of hepatitis C virus (HCV-J) genome, consisting of 9413 nucleotides, was determined by analyses of cDNA clones from plasma specimens from Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis. HCV-J genome contains a long open reading frame that can encode a sequence of 3010 amino acid residues. Comparison of HCV-J with the American isolate of HCV showed 22.6% difference in nucleotide sequence and 15.1% difference in amino acid sequence. Thus HCV-J and the American isolate of HCV are probably different subtypes of HCV. The relationship of HCV-J with other animal RNA virus families and the putative organization of the HCV-J genome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Kato N, Hijikata M, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Ohkoshi S, Shimotohno K. Sequence diversity of hepatitis C viral genomes. Mol Biol Med 1990; 7:495-501. [PMID: 1963917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of cDNAs (275 base-pairs) in the non-structural protein 5 regions of Japanese isolates of hepatitis C virus (HCV-J) from the plasma of 11 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis and the livers of five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed. Approximately 14 to 17% of nucleotide sequences of the HCV-Js examined differed from that of the original isolate in the United States (HCV-US). Furthermore, 2.5 to 11% sequence diversity was found among the HCV-Js. The nucleotide sequences of the HCV-Js showed characteristic common differences from that of HCV-US, although they also showed some random substitutions. Plural HCV-J genomes were found in two of the cDNAs derived from liver specimens, and a deletion of 102 nucleotides was found in the cDNA derived from one plasma specimen. These results suggest that HCV-J is a strain different from the HCV-US and that mutation of the viral genome occurs at as high a frequency as in that of the human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Kato N, Hijikata M, Ootsuyama Y, Nakagawa M, Ohkoshi S, Shimotohno K. A structural protein encoded by the 5' region of the hepatitis C virus genome efficiently detects viral infection. Jpn J Cancer Res 1990; 81:1092-4. [PMID: 2176200 PMCID: PMC5917981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A structural region of the hepatitis C virus genome was molecularly cloned. A protein expressed in vitro by transcription followed by translation was precipitated immunologically by sera from patients with chronic hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma that were positive for antibody against the non-structural protein, C100, of hepatitis C virus, but not by sera from healthy persons. Thus, this structural protein should be useful for detection of infection with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kato
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
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43
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Muraiso K, Hijikata M, Ohkoshi S, Cho MJ, Kikuchi M, Kato N, Shimotohno K. A structural protein of hepatitis C virus expressed in E. coli facilitates accurate detection of hepatitis C virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 172:511-6. [PMID: 1700704 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)90702-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A putative core protein derived from hepatitis C virus was expressed in E. coli. More than 5% of the total protein expressed in the bacteria after induction by isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside was shown to be the expected protein. Western blotting with this E. coli lysate proved to be more efficient than ELISA with a non-structural viral protein, C100, to detect infection of hepatitis C virus in the sera of patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in sera from healthy persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Muraiso
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohkoshi S, Kato N, Kinoshita T, Hijikata M, Ohtsuyama Y, Okazaki N, Ohkura H, Hirohashi S, Honma A, Ozaki T. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in sera and liver tissues of non-A, non-B hepatitis patients using the polymerase chain reaction. Jpn J Cancer Res 1990; 81:862-5. [PMID: 2172195 PMCID: PMC5918109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sera obtained from patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis were examined for the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome by using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, as well as for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also examined the presence of HCV RNA in liver tissue obtained by surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Among 33 patients, HCV RNA was detectable in 21 (64%), and the antibody was also positive in 21 (64%). Eighteen (55%) patients were positive for both assays. The two assays gave inconsistent results in 3 patients who were positive for HCV RNA but negative for anti-HCV, and in 3 other patients who were negative for HCV RNA and positive for anti-HCV. HCV RNA was also detected in 6 out of 10 non-cancerous liver tissue specimens and in 3 out of 7 tumor tissue specimens. Using the polymerase chain reaction, the HCV genome was detected directly in many specimens obtained from patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis, suggesting the presence of replicating virus in patients positive for anti-HCV. In addition, the differing results of the two assay systems suggest that the application of both is important for evaluation of the status of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohkoshi
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
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45
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Ohkoshi S, Kojima H, Tawaraya H, Miyajima T, Kamimura T, Asakura H, Satoh A, Hirose S, Hijikata M, Kato N. Prevalence of antibody against non-A, non-B hepatitis virus in Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 1990; 81:550-3. [PMID: 2169469 PMCID: PMC6504047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against a possible causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), in Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system from Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Japan. Fifty of 58 cases of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma were positive for the antibody (86%) and 8 of 42 cases of HBsAg-positive hepatocellular carcinoma were positive (19%). Among patients with HBsAg-negative hepatocellular carcinoma, the prevalence of the antibody was greater among those who had received a blood transfusion (97%) than among those with no history of transfusion (70%). Only 3 of 54 patients with cancers other than hepatocellular carcinoma were found to be antibody-positive (5.6%) and all three patients had a history of blood transfusion. These results show a close relationship between the presence of anti-HCV antibody and HBsAg-negative hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohkoshi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, Niigata University
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