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Zhang ZW, Liu GF, Zheng TJ, Li HW, Zhao SK, Zhao J, Zhu YH. Blending control method of lower limb exoskeleton toward tripping-free stair climbing. ISA Trans 2022; 131:610-627. [PMID: 35697540 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tripping frequently occurs when an individual climbs the stairs with improper foot clearance. Among older adults, falling down the stairs accounts for over 10% of accidental deaths. This paper proposes an exoskeleton control method that blends human-dominant and exoskeleton-dominant control to prevent tripping. The blending controller not only allows the exoskeleton to track the pilot's movements and provide power assistance during regular walking, but also allows the exoskeleton to help the pilot avoid dangers in some cases. An online path planning method is used to generate a safe trajectory in the exoskeleton-dominant mode to help the pilot correct their running trajectory. The controller provides the pilot with adjustment spaces to adapt to sudden changes in the motion mode and enable active self-regulation. The simulations verified the effectiveness of the proposed blending method. Experiments showed that the robot should be involved in the pilot's movements when the foot clearance exceed the safety threshold to prevent tripping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Zhang
- 150080 State Key Laboratory of Robotics & Systems, Harbin, China; 528200 Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China
| | - G F Liu
- 150080 State Key Laboratory of Robotics & Systems, Harbin, China
| | - T J Zheng
- 150080 State Key Laboratory of Robotics & Systems, Harbin, China
| | - H W Li
- 150080 State Key Laboratory of Robotics & Systems, Harbin, China
| | - S K Zhao
- 150080 State Key Laboratory of Robotics & Systems, Harbin, China
| | - J Zhao
- 150080 State Key Laboratory of Robotics & Systems, Harbin, China
| | - Y H Zhu
- 150080 State Key Laboratory of Robotics & Systems, Harbin, China.
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2
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Zhao SK, Ge ZY, Xiang Z, Xue GM, Yan HS, Wang ZT, Wang Z, Xu HK, Su FF, Yang ZH, Zhang H, Zhang YR, Guo XY, Xu K, Tian Y, Yu HF, Zheng DN, Fan H, Zhao SP. Probing Operator Spreading via Floquet Engineering in a Superconducting Circuit. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:160602. [PMID: 36306769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.160602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Operator spreading, often characterized by out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), is one of the central concepts in quantum many-body physics. However, measuring OTOCs is experimentally challenging due to the requirement of reversing the time evolution of systems. Here we apply Floquet engineering to investigate operator spreading in a superconducting 10-qubit chain. Floquet engineering provides an effective way to tune the coupling strength between nearby qubits, which is used to demonstrate quantum walks with tunable couplings, reversed time evolution, and the measurement of OTOCs. A clear light-cone-like operator propagation is observed in the system with multiple excitations, and has a nearly equal velocity as the single-particle quantum walk. For the butterfly operator that is nonlocal (local) under the Jordan-Wigner transformation, the OTOCs show distinct behaviors with (without) a signature of information scrambling in the near integrable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi-Yong Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - G M Xue
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H S Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z T Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H K Xu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - F F Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z H Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - He Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zhang
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xue-Yi Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H F Yu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - D N Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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3
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Zhao SK, Yeung EH, Ouidir M, Hinkle SN, Grantz KL, Mitro SD, Wu J, Stevens DR, Chatterjee S, Tekola-Ayele F, Zhang C. Recreational physical activity before and during pregnancy and placental DNA methylation-an epigenome-wide association study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1168-1183. [PMID: 35771992 PMCID: PMC9535520 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) prior to and during pregnancy may have intergenerational effects on offspring health through placental epigenetic modifications. We are unaware of epidemiologic studies on longitudinal PA and placental DNA methylation. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between PA before and during pregnancy and placental DNA methylation. METHODS Placental tissues were obtained at delivery and methylation was measured using HumanMethylation450 Beadchips for participants in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons among 298 participants. Using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, women recalled periconception PA (past 12 mo) at 8-13 wk of gestation and PA since last visit at 4 follow-up visits at 16-22, 24-29, 30-33, and 34-37 wk. We conducted linear regression for associations of PA at each visit with methylation controlling for false discovery rate (FDR). Top 100 CpGs were queried for enrichment of functional pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS Periconception PA was significantly associated with 1 CpG site. PA since last visit for visits 1-4 was associated with 2, 2, 8, and 0 CpGs (log fold changes ranging from -0.0319 to 0.0080, after controlling for FDR). The largest change in methylation occurred at a site in TIMP2 , which is known to encode a protein critical for vasodilation, placentation, and uterine expansion during pregnancy (log fold change: -0.05; 95% CI: -0.06, -0.03 per metabolic equivalent of task-h/wk at 30-33 wk). Most significantly enriched pathways include cardiac hypertrophy signaling, B-cell receptor signaling, and netrin signaling. Significant CpGs and enriched pathways varied by visit. CONCLUSIONS Recreational PA in the year prior and during pregnancy was associated with placental DNA methylation. The associated CpG sites varied based on timing of PA. If replicated, the findings may inform the mechanisms underlying the impacts of PA on placenta health. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00912132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifang Kathy Zhao
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Marion Ouidir
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefanie N Hinkle
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susanna D Mitro
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Glotech, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Danielle R Stevens
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suvo Chatterjee
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Hinkle SN, Gleason JL, Yisahak SF, Zhao SK, Mumford SL, Sundaram R, Grewal J, Grantz KL, Zhang C. Assessment of Caffeine Consumption and Maternal Cardiometabolic Pregnancy Complications. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2133401. [PMID: 34748005 PMCID: PMC8576579 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.33401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Women are recommended to limit caffeine consumption to less than 200 mg per day based on risks to fetal health. Impacts of caffeine on maternal health remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether caffeinated-beverage intake and plasma caffeine and paraxanthine are associated with cardiometabolic complications in pregnancy (ie, gestational diabetes [GDM], preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension [GH]). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used data from a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons (2009-2013). This post hoc secondary analysis of 2802 pregnant women without major chronic conditions enrolled at 12 US clinical sites was completed in 2021. The final sample for caffeinated beverage analyses included 2583 women. After excluding women who did not consent to have their biospecimens stored for future research (n = 54), plasma caffeine analyses included 2529 women. Analyses of caffeine consumption and fasting cardiometabolic profiles included 319 women. EXPOSURES Daily total caffeine intake was estimated at 10 to 13 gestational weeks and 16 to 22 gestational weeks based on self-reported past week intake of caffeinated coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks. Plasma caffeine and paraxanthine were measured in specimens collected at 10 to 13 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical diagnoses of GDM, preeclampsia, GH, glucose concentrations from GDM screening, and blood pressure were extracted from medical records. RESULTS Participants had a mean (SD) age of 28.1 (5.5) years and 422 participants (16.3%) were Asian/Pacific Islander women, 741 (28.9%) were Hispanic women, 717 (27.8%) were non-Hispanic Black women, and 703 (27.2%) were non-Hispanic White women. At 10 to 13 weeks, 1073 women (41.5%) reported consuming no caffeinated beverages, 1317 (51.0%) reported consuming 1 mg/d to 100 mg/d, 173 (6.7%) reported consuming 101 mg/d to 200 mg/d, and 20 (0.8%) reported consuming more than 200 mg/d. At 16 to 22 weeks, 599 women (23.6%) reported consuming no caffeinated beverages, 1734 (68.3%) reported consuming 1 mg/d to 100 mg/d, 186 (7.3%) reported consuming 101 mg/d to 200 mg/d, and 20 (0.8%) reported consuming more than 200 mg/d caffeinated beverages. Intake at 16 to 22 weeks was associated with lower GDM risk and lower glucose concentrations (1 mg/d to 100 mg/d vs none: relative risk, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.80]; β, -2.7 mg/dL [95% CI, -5.4 mg/dL to 0 mg/dL]) and lower C-reactive protein and C-peptide concentrations and favorable lipid profiles. Total plasma caffeine and paraxanthine at 10 to 13 weeks was inversely associated with glucose (quartile 4 vs quartile 1: β = -3.8 mg/dL [95% CI, -7.0 mg/dL to -0.5 mg/dL]; trend of P = .01). No associations were observed with preeclampsia or GH. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, second trimester caffeinated beverage intake within current recommendations was associated with lower GDM risk, but not preeclampsia or GH. These findings may be reassuring for women with moderate caffeine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie N. Hinkle
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jessica L. Gleason
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samrawit F. Yisahak
- Office of the Director, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sifang Kathy Zhao
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunni L. Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jagteshwar Grewal
- Office of the Director, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine L. Grantz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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5
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Polinski KJ, Purdue-Smithe A, Robinson SL, Zhao SK, Schliep KC, Silver RM, Guan W, Schisterman EF, Mumford SL, Yeung EH. Maternal caffeine intake and DNA methylation in newborn cord blood. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:482-491. [PMID: 34669932 PMCID: PMC8827095 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic mechanisms may underlie associations between maternal caffeine consumption and adverse childhood metabolic outcomes. However, limited studies have examined neonate DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in the context of preconception or prenatal exposure to caffeine metabolites. OBJECTIVES We examined preconception and pregnancy caffeine exposure with DNAm alterations in neonate cord blood (n = 378). METHODS In a secondary analysis of the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction Trial (EAGeR), we measured maternal caffeine, paraxanthine, and theobromine concentrations from stored serum collected preconception (on average 2 months before pregnancy) and at 8 weeks of gestation. In parallel, self-reported caffeinated beverage intake was captured via administration of questionnaires and daily diaries. We profiled DNAm from the cord blood buffy coat of singletons using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We assessed associations of maternal caffeine exposure and methylation β values using multivariable robust linear regression. A false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. RESULTS In preconception, the majority of women reported consuming 1 or fewer servings/day of caffeine on average, and caffeine and paraxanthine metabolite levels were 88 and 36 µmol/L, respectively. Preconception serum caffeine metabolites were not associated with individual cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites (FDR >5%), though pregnancy theobromine was associated with DNAm at cg09460369 near RAB2A (β = 0.028; SE = 0.005; FDR P = 0.012). Preconception self-reported caffeinated beverage intake compared to no intake was associated with DNAm at cg09002832 near GLIS3 (β = -0.013; SE = 0.002; FDR P = 0.036). No associations with self-reported intake during pregnancy were found. CONCLUSIONS Few effects of maternal caffeine exposure on neonate methylation differences in leukocytes were identified in this population with relatively low caffeine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Polinski
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Purdue-Smithe
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia L Robinson
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sifang Kathy Zhao
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen C Schliep
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Elsakr JM, Zhao SK, Ricciardi V, Dean TA, Takahashi DL, Sullivan E, Wesolowski SR, McCurdy CE, Kievit P, Friedman JE, Aagaard KM, Edwards DRV, Gannon M. Western-style diet consumption impairs maternal insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism during pregnancy in a Japanese macaque model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12977. [PMID: 34155315 PMCID: PMC8217225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing in the United States. Offspring born to women with obesity or poor glycemic control have greater odds of becoming obese and developing metabolic disease later in life. Our group has utilized a macaque model to study the metabolic effects of consumption of a calorically-dense, Western-style diet (WSD; 36.3% fat) during pregnancy. Here, our objective was to characterize the effects of WSD and obesity, alone and together, on maternal glucose tolerance and insulin levels in dams during each pregnancy. Recognizing the collinearity of maternal measures, we adjusted for confounding factors including maternal age and parity. Based on intravenous glucose tolerance tests, dams consuming a WSD showed lower glucose area under the curve during first study pregnancies despite increased body fat percentage and increased insulin area under the curve. However, with (1) prolonged WSD feeding, (2) multiple diet switches, and/or (3) increasing age and parity, WSD was associated with increasingly higher insulin levels during glucose tolerance testing, indicative of insulin resistance. Our results suggest that prolonged or recurrent calorically-dense WSD and/or increased parity, rather than obesity per se, drive excess insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. These observations in a highly relevant species are likely of clinical and public health importance given the comparative ease of maternal dietary modifications relative to the low likelihood of successfully reversing obesity in the course of any given pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sifang Kathy Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA
| | - Valerie Ricciardi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 7465 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Elinor Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 7465 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0475, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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7
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Zhao SK, Yeung E, Ouidir M, Hinkle S, Grantz K, Grewal J, Mitro S, Wu J, Stevens D, Chatterjee S, Tekola-Ayele F, Zhang C. An Epigenome Wide Association Study Reveals Timing of Physical Activity During Pregnancy Is Associated With Placental DNA Methylation. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab046_134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Physical activity (PA) prior to and during pregnancy may influence offspring health through epigenetic modifications in the placenta. Prior studies had a single PA assessment in pregnancy limiting the ability to account for PA changes during pregnancy. We hypothesized that timing of PA may be associated with differential methylation and evaluated associations between multiple assessments of PA and genome-wide methylation changes in the placenta.
Methods
Placental tissues were obtained at delivery and DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina Human Methylation450 Beadchip for 301 mothers in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies–Singleton cohort. Total PA (metabolic equivalent minutes/week) was assessed using the Pregnancy PA Questionnaire targeted for 8–13 (visit 0), 16–22 (visit 1), 24–29 (visit 2), 30–33 (visit 3), 34–37 (visit 4), 38–41 (visit 5) weeks’ gestation. For associations of PA at each visit with methylation, we conducted linear regression adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy body mass index. Genes annotating significant CpG sites (false discovery rate adjusted P < 0.05) were queried for enrichment of functional pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.
Results
PA in the 12 months prior to visit 0 was not significantly associated with methylation, whereas PA since last visit for visits 1–5 were associated with methylation of 1, 0, 2, 29, 30 CpG sites, respectively (P values ranging from 3.07 × 10−9 to 3.35 × 10−6). Thirteen CpG sites significantly related to PA overlapped at visits 4 & 5, with the most significant associations at cg21385047 located in sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1, P = 3.07 × 10−9, P = 7.45 × 10−9, respectively). Five enriched pathways overlapped at visits 4 & 5 (P < 0.05): inositol pyrophosphates biosynthesis, gustation pathway, choline biosynthesis III, cAMP-mediated signaling, G-protein coupled receptor signaling.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that PA during pregnancy is associated with placental DNA methylation changes at loci potentially related to cardiovascular and neurological system development/function. If replicated, our findings could shed light onto the mechanisms underlying changes in offspring epigenetic profile associated with maternal PA.
Funding Sources
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefanie Hinkle
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | | | | | | | - Jing Wu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | | | | | | | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
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8
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Polinski K, Purdue-Smithe A, Robinson S, Zhao SK, Mumford S, Schliep K, Silver R, Schisterman E, Yeung E. Maternal Caffeine Intake and DNA Methylation in Newborn Cord Blood. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab046_099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Prior research has suggested that epigenetic mechanisms may underly associations between maternal caffeine intake and adverse childhood metabolic outcomes. We examined preconception and early pregnancy maternal caffeine exposure with DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in the cord blood of 378 neonates.
Methods
DNAm was profiled by the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in women enrolled in the EAGeR Trial. Maternal serum was collected 1–2 cycles preconception and at 8 weeks gestation as was self-reported caffeinated beverage intake through standardized questionnaires or daily diaries. Serum caffeine, paraxanthine, and theobromine were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We performed multivariable robust linear regression to assess associations between maternal caffeine and methylation β-values and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to evaluate biologic implications.
Results
Preconceptionally, 65%, 21% and 7% reported any soda, coffee or tea intake, respectively with the majority consuming on average ≤ 1 serving/day. Preconception self-reported intake compared to no intake was associated with DNAm at cg09002832 near GLIS3 (false discovery rate [FDR] p = 0.036). No associations with self-reported intake were found during pregnancy. Preconception serum markers were not associated with individual CpG sites (FDR > 5%), though pregnancy theobromine (tertile 2 vs 1) was associated with DNAm at cg09460369 near RAB2A (FDR p = 0.012). Overlapping pathways for the top 100 CpG sites identified in the preconception intake and pregnancy theobromine analyses elucidated cell cycle and lipid metabolism processes.
Conclusions
Few differences in DNAm were identified in association with maternal caffeine intake in this low consumption population. DNAm changes from preconception caffeine or pregnancy theobromine exposure may be linked to signaling networks involving lipid metabolism, but further research among women with higher caffeine and theobromine exposure is warranted.
Funding Sources
Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Chakravarthy R, Stallings SC, Velez Edwards DR, Zhao SK, Conway D, Rao JS, Aldrich MC, Kobetz E, Wilkins CH. Determinants of stage at diagnosis of HPV-related cancer including area deprivation and clinical factors. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:18-27. [PMID: 33512511 PMCID: PMC8904191 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collecting social determinants of health in electronic health records is time-consuming. Meanwhile, an Area Deprivation Index (ADI) aggregates sociodemographic information from census data. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether ADI is associated with stage of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer at diagnosis. Methods We tested for the association between the stage of HPV-related cancer presentation and ADI as well as the association between stage and the value of each census-based measure using ordered logistic regression, adjusting for age, race and sex. Results Among 3247 cases of HPV-related cancers presenting to an urban academic medical center, the average age at diagnosis was 57. The average stage at diagnosis was Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Stage 3. In the study population, 43% of patients were female and 87% were white. In this study population, there was no association between stage of HPV-related cancer presentation and either aggregate or individual census variables. Conclusions These results may reflect insufficient sample size, a lack of socio-demographic diversity in our population, or suggest that simplifying social determinants of health into a single geocoded index is not a reliable surrogate for assessing a patient’s risk for HPV-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah C Stallings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sifang Kathy Zhao
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas Conway
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Sunil Rao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Erin Kobetz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Consuelo H Wilkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance, Nashville, TN, USA.,Office of Health Equity, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Zhao SK, Wu P, Jones SH, Torstenson ES, Hartmann KE, Velez Edwards DR. Association of uterine fibroids with birthweight and gestational age. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 50:35-40.e2. [PMID: 32741603 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if fibroids or their characteristics are associated with birthweight and/or gestational age, and to assess the impact of race or ethnicity. METHODS Right from the Start (2000-2012) is a prospective cohort that enrolled women from the southern US in early pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasounds were used to measure fibroid characteristics and confirm gestational age. Date of birth and birthweight were obtained from vital or medical records. We assessed whether fibroid presence, number, type, and volume were associated with birthweight and/or gestational age using multivariate analysis of covariance, accounting for a priori confounders. RESULTS Among 3926 women, 416 had one or more fibroids. Mean infant birthweight and gestational age were similar among women with and without fibroids. When adjusting for race or ethnicity, all associations were attenuated. Overall, women with and without fibroids had infants of similar birthweight (-20 grams, 95% confidence interval [CI] -77, 36) and gestational age (0.4 days, 95% CI -0.9, 1.8). Women with three or more fibroids were more likely to have lighter infants (-201 grams, 95% CI -345, -58). CONCLUSIONS Race or ethnicity substantially confounds the associations. The clinical belief that uterine fibroids impair fetal growth is supported only by a significant decrease in birthweight for women with multiple fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifang Kathy Zhao
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Pingsheng Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sarah H Jones
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Eric S Torstenson
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Katherine E Hartmann
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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11
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Elsakr JM, Dunn JC, Tennant K, Zhao SK, Kroeten K, Pasek RC, Takahashi DL, Dean TA, Velez Edwards DR, McCurdy CE, Aagaard KM, Powers AC, Friedman JE, Kievit P, Gannon M. Maternal Western-style diet affects offspring islet composition and function in a non-human primate model of maternal over-nutrition. Mol Metab 2019; 25:73-82. [PMID: 31036449 PMCID: PMC6599455 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In humans, offspring of women who are overweight or obese are more likely to develop metabolic disease later in life. Studies in lower animal species reveal that a calorically-dense maternal diet is associated with alterations in islet cell mass and function. The long-term effects of maternal diet on the structure and function of offspring islets with characteristics similar to humans are unknown. We used a well-established non-human primate (NHP) model to determine the consequences of exposure to Western-Style Diet (WSD) in utero and during lactation on islet cell mass and function in the offspring. METHODS Female Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) were fed either control (CTR) or WSD before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned onto CTR or WSD to generate four different groups based on maternal/offspring diets: CTR/CTR, WSD/CTR, CTR/WSD, and WSD/WSD. Offspring were analyzed at three years of age. Pancreatic tissue sections were immunolabelled to measure α- and β-cell mass and proliferation as well as islet vascularization. Live islets were also isolated to test the effects of WSD-exposure on islet function ex vivo. Offspring glucose tolerance was correlated with various maternal characteristics. RESULTS α-cell mass was reduced as a result of maternal WSD exposure. α-cell proliferation was reduced in response to offspring WSD. Islet vasculature did not differ among the diet groups. Islets from WSD/CTR offspring secreted a greater amount of insulin in response to glucose ex vivo. We also found that maternal glucose tolerance and parity correlated with offspring glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Maternal WSD exposure results in persistently decreased α-cell mass in the three-year old offspring. WSD/CTR islets secreted greater amounts of insulin ex vivo, suggesting that these islets are primed to hyper-secrete insulin under certain metabolic stressors. Although WSD did not induce overt impaired glucose tolerance in dams or offspring, offspring born to mothers with higher glucose excursions during a glucose tolerance test were more likely to also show higher glucose excursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer C Dunn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine Tennant
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Sifang Kathy Zhao
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karly Kroeten
- Vanderbilt Summer Diabetes Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond C Pasek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, USA.
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12
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Tang CL, Zhao SK, Huang C. [Features and advances of Morse taper connection in oral implant]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 52:59-62. [PMID: 28072999 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dental implants have been widely accepted as a predictable and reliable tool for dental reconstruction with the development of the economy. The design of implant-abutment connections has influence on mechanical properties and biological characteristics of implants. There are two types of implant-abutment connections, the external and the internal connections. Morse taper connection is one of the internal connections and its conical shape creates significant friction via the high propensity of parallelism between the two structures within the joint space. Several studies showed that Morse taper connection performed well in terms of survival rate, stability, bacterial seal and marginal bone loss. Recently, clinical studies indicate implants combining Morse taper connection with platform switching are helpful in reducing marginal bone absorption. This review aims at analyzing the features and advantages of Morse taper connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Tang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - S K Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - C Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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