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Dana F, Maurer A, Muehlematter UJ, Husmann L, Schaab J, Mader CE, Beintner-Skawran S, Messerli M, Sah BR, Dana M, Dana M, Duhnsen SH, Mueller SA, Stadler T, Morand GB, Meerwein C, Orita E, Kaufmann PA, Huellner MW. The Monocle Sign on 18F-FDG PET Indicates Contralateral Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy. Clin Nucl Med 2024:00003072-990000000-01082. [PMID: 38651767 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to retrospectively analyze FDG PET/CT data in patients with facial nerve palsy (FNP) for the presence of the monocle sign. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 85 patients with unilateral FNP were included into our study, thereof 73 with peripheral FNP and 12 with central FNP. FDG uptake (SUVmax, SUVmean, total lesion glycolysis) was measured in both orbicularis oculi muscles (OOMs). FDG uptake of paretic and nonparetic muscles was compared in patients with FNP (Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test) and was also compared with FDG uptake in 33 patients without FNP (Mann-Whitney U test). SUVmax ratios of OOM were compared. A receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden Index were used to determine the optimal cutoff SUVmax ratio for the prevalence of contralateral peripheral FNP. RESULTS The SUVmax ratio of OOM was significantly higher in patients with peripheral FNP compared with patients with central FNP and those without FNP (1.70 ± 0.94 vs 1.16 ± 0.09 vs 1.18 ± 0.21, respectively; P < 0.001). The SUVmax ratio of OOM yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.719 (95% confidence interval, 0.630-0.809), with an optimal cutoff of 1.41, yielding a specificity of 94.4% and a sensitivity of 44.1% for identifying contralateral peripheral FNP. One hundred percent specificity is achieved using a cutoff of 1.91 (sensitivity, 29.4%). CONCLUSIONS Asymmetrically increased FDG uptake of the OOM (the "monocle sign") indicates contralateral peripheral FNP. A nearly 2-fold higher SUVmax represents a practically useful cutoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dana
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Maurer
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs J Muehlematter
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Husmann
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Schaab
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cäcilia E Mader
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Beintner-Skawran
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Messerli
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bert-Ram Sah
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masih Dana
- Institute of Information Technology Hamfekr Gostar-Mehr-Espadan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Dana
- Department of Application Development and Distribution, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Simon A Mueller
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stadler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Meerwein
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin W Huellner
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Freiberger SN, Ikenberg K, van Egmond D, Claerhout S, van Wezel T, Bempt IV, van Rossem JN, Mueller SA, Clement PM, Poorten VV, Cohen D, Hauben E, Rupp NJ. Molecular analysis using SalvGlandDx improves risk of malignancy estimation and diagnosis of salivary gland cytopathology: An exploratory multicenter study. Cancer Cytopathol 2024. [PMID: 38563876 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms is challenging, especially on cytological specimens acquired by fine-needle aspiration. The recently implemented standardized Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology provides an estimated risk of malignancy (ROM); yet, for two of the categories, the diagnosis of the lesion remains unclear. However, a precise diagnosis is desirable for optimal patient management, including planning of surgery and imaging procedures. METHODS Cytological specimens (n = 106) were subjected to molecular analysis using the SalvGlandDx panel. The risk of malignancy was calculated for each detected alteration based on the diagnosis of the resection specimen. By taking into account the molecular alterations, their associated ROM, the clinical and cytological features, and the current literature, the Milan category was evaluated. RESULTS Of n = 63 technically valid cases, 76% revealed a molecular alteration. A total of 94% of these molecularly altered cases could be assigned to a different Milan category when additionally taking molecular results into account. In only 2% of the salivary gland neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential, in which a molecular alteration was detected, the classification remained salivary gland neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential. CONCLUSION Molecular analysis of cytological specimens provides a benefit in classifying salivary gland neoplasms on fine-needle aspiration. It can improve the ROM estimation and thus help to assign cases of formerly unknown malignant potential to clearly benign or malignant categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Freiberger
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Demi van Egmond
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sofie Claerhout
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen N van Rossem
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simon A Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Clement
- Department of Oncology, Section Experimental Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Danielle Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Esther Hauben
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Riggenbach E, Waser M, Mueller SA, Aebersold DM, Giger R, Elicin O. Oncologic outcome with versus without target volume compartmentalization in postoperative radiotherapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1362025. [PMID: 38590644 PMCID: PMC10999524 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1362025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The volume treated with postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is a mediator of toxicity affecting quality of life. Current guidelines only allow for very limited reduction of PORT volumes. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of de-intensified PORT for patients with OCSCC by refined compartmentalization of the treatment volume. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study identified 103 OCSCC patients treated surgically from 2014 to 2019 with a loco-regional risk profile qualifying for PORT according to guidelines. PORT was administered only to the at-risk compartment and according to a refined compartmentalization concept (CC). Oncological outcome of this CC cohort was compared to a historical cohort (HC) of 98 patients treated before the CC was implemented. Results Median follow-up time was 4.5 and 4.8 years in the CC and HC cohorts, respectively. In the CC cohort, a total of 72 of 103 patients (70%) had a pathological risk profile that allowed for further compartmentalization and, hence, received a reduced treatment volume or omission of PORT altogether. Loco-regional control at 3 and 5 years was 77% and 73% in the CC cohort versus 78% and 73% in the HC (p = 0.93), progression-free survival was 72% and 64% versus75% and 68% (p = 0.58), respectively. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was seen in other outcome measures. Conclusions De-intensified PORT limiting the treatment volume to the at-risk compartment or avoiding PORT altogether for low-risk patients with OCSCC does not seem to compromise disease control in this retrospective comparison. Based on these hypothesis-generating findings, a prospective study is being planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Riggenbach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Waser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon A. Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M. Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Giger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olgun Elicin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mauthe T, Holzmann D, Soyka MB, Mueller SA, Balermpas P, Held U, Freiberger SN, Rupp NJ, Meerwein CM. Overall and disease-specific survival of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinology 2023; 61:508-518. [PMID: 37703531 DOI: 10.4193/rhin23.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to investigate the outcome of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (snAdCC). We followed PRISMA guidelines and included studies reporting 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for snAdCC. Eligible studies were identified through a literature search and assessed using JBI critical appraisal checklist. A total of 17 studies were included comprising 2259 patients (mean age: 58.1 years, 52.7% female, 47.3% male). The meta-analysis demonstrated that the 5-year OS, 10-year OS, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) were 68%, 40%, and 47.2%, respectively. Descriptive statistics on study level showed high rates of locally advanced tumor stages at diagnosis: 23% cT3, 53% cT4, 3.4% N+, and 4.2% M+. 29.7% of the tumors were in the nasal cavity, 67.6% in the paranasal sinuses. The maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal sinus were affected in 50.9%, 7.2%, 4%, and 0.5%, of cases. A combination of surgery and radiotherapy was used in 45.4% of the patients and 19.3% of patients received surgery only. In conclusion, these findings emphasize the significance of thorough surveillance for individuals with snAdCC to identify any potential recurrence or progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mauthe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Holzmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M B Soyka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S A Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Balermpas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Held
- Department of Biostatistics at Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S N Freiberger
- Department of Biostatistics at Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C M Meerwein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Maurer A, Gstrein NA, Dimitriou F, Sartoretti T, Schaab JA, Looman EL, Balermpas P, Rupp NJ, Freiberger SN, Soyka MB, Holzmann D, Mauthe T, Mueller SA, Beintner-Skawran S, Messerli M, Kenkel D, Huellner MW, Meerwein CM. Sinonasal mucosal melanoma treatment response assessment to immune checkpoint inhibitors using hybrid positron emission tomography imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18847. [PMID: 37914764 PMCID: PMC10620201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate response of sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SMM) patients to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), using hybrid PET imaging. Fifteen SMM patients underwent hybrid PET imaging before and three months after initiation of ICI. The disease-specific survival (DSS) was calculated. Quantitative PET parameters of the primary tumor and their association with DSS and therapy response were investigated. Nine of the fifteen (60%) patients responded to ICI therapy. Patients with therapy response depicted on hybrid PET imaging had better DSS than those without (p = 0.0058). Quantitative PET parameters of the initial PET harbored no association with DSS or therapy response. However, these findings lack of sufficient statistical power and must be interpreted with caution. The first restaging PET-imaging after ICI initiation can help stratify patients with regard to DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maurer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie A Gstrein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florentia Dimitriou
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Sartoretti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan A Schaab
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esmée L Looman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Balermpas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra N Freiberger
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Soyka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Holzmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Mauthe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon A Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Beintner-Skawran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Messerli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Kenkel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin W Huellner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Meerwein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Thind AS, Ashford B, Strbenac D, Mitchell J, Lee J, Mueller SA, Minaei E, Perry JR, Ch’ng S, Iyer NG, Clark JR, Gupta R, Ranson M. Whole genome analysis reveals the genomic complexity in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:919118. [PMID: 35982973 PMCID: PMC9379253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.919118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a highly morbid disease requiring radical surgery and adjuvant therapy, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Yet, compared to other advanced malignancies, relatively little is known of the genomic landscape of metastatic CSCC. We have previously reported the mutational signatures and mutational patterns of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) regions in metastatic CSCC. However, many other genomic components (indel signatures, non-coding drivers, and structural variants) of metastatic CSCC have not been reported. To this end, we performed whole genome sequencing on lymph node metastases and blood DNA from 25 CSCC patients with regional metastases of the head and neck. We designed a multifaceted computational analysis at the whole genome level to provide a more comprehensive perspective of the genomic landscape of metastatic CSCC. In the non-coding genome, 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) regions of EVC (48% of specimens), PPP1R1A (48% of specimens), and ABCA4 (20% of specimens) along with the tumor-suppressing long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01003 (64% of specimens) were significantly functionally altered (Q-value < 0.05) and represent potential non-coding biomarkers of CSCC. Recurrent copy number loss in the tumor suppressor gene PTPRD was observed. Gene amplification was much less frequent, and few genes were recurrently amplified. Single nucleotide variants driver analyses from three tools confirmed TP53 and CDKN2A as recurrently mutated genes but also identified C9 as a potential novel driver in this disease. Furthermore, indel signature analysis highlighted the dominance of ID signature 13 (ID13) followed by ID8 and ID9. ID9 has previously been shown to have no association with skin melanoma, unlike ID13 and ID8, suggesting a novel pattern of indel variation in metastatic CSCC. The enrichment analysis of various genetically altered candidates shows enrichment of “TGF-beta regulation of extracellular matrix” and “cell cycle G1 to S check points.” These enriched terms are associated with genetic instability, cell proliferation, and migration as mechanisms of genomic drivers of metastatic CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarinder Singh Thind
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Bruce Ashford,
| | - Dario Strbenac
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny Mitchell
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny Lee
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon A. Mueller
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elahe Minaei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay R. Perry
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sydney Ch’ng
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N. Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Minaei E, Mueller SA, Ashford B, Thind AS, Mitchell J, Perry JR, Genenger B, Clark JR, Gupta R, Ranson M. Cancer Progression Gene Expression Profiling Identifies the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor as a Biomarker of Metastasis in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835929. [PMID: 35480116 PMCID: PMC9035872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the head and neck region is the second most prevalent skin cancer, with metastases to regional lymph nodes occurring in 2%–5% of cases. To further our understanding of the molecular events characterizing cSCC invasion and metastasis, we conducted targeted cancer progression gene expression and pathway analysis in non-metastasizing (PRI-) and metastasizing primary (PRI+) cSCC tumors of the head and neck region, cognate lymph node metastases (MET), and matched sun-exposed skin (SES). The highest differentially expressed genes in metastatic (MET and PRI+) versus non-metastatic tumors (PRI-) and SES included PLAU, PLAUR, MMP1, MMP10, MMP13, ITGA5, VEGFA, and various inflammatory cytokine genes. Pathway enrichment analyses implicated these genes in cellular pathways and functions promoting matrix remodeling, cell survival and migration, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which were all significantly activated in metastatic compared to non-metastatic tumors (PRI-) and SES. We validated the overexpression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR, encoded by PLAUR) in an extended patient cohort by demonstrating higher uPAR staining intensity in metastasizing tumors. As pathway analyses identified epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a potential upstream regulator of PLAUR, the effect of EGF on uPAR expression levels and cell motility was functionally validated in human metastatic cSCC cells. In conclusion, we propose that uPAR is an important driver of metastasis in cSCC and represents a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Minaei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon A. Mueller
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zurich University Hospital University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Amarinder Singh Thind
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny Mitchell
- Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay R. Perry
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Genenger
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Marie Ranson,
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Mueller SA, Gauthier MEA, Blackburn J, Grady JP, Kratisek S, Dettmer MS, Dahlstrom JE, Lee CS, Luk P, Yu B, Giger R, Kummerfeld S, Clark J, Gupta R, Cowley MJ. Molecular patterns in salivary duct carcinoma identify prognostic subgroups. Oral Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(21)00268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eviston TJ, Minaei E, Mueller SA, Ahmadi N, Ashford B, Clark JR, West N, Zhang P, Gupta R, Ranson M. Gene expression profiling of perineural invasion in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13192. [PMID: 34162930 PMCID: PMC8222302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is frequently associated with aggressive clinical behaviour in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) leading to local recurrence and treatment failure. This study evaluates the gene expression profiles of HNcSCC with PNI using a differential expression analysis approach and constructs a tailored gene panel for sensitivity and specificity analysis. 45 cases of HNcSCC were stratified into three groups (Extensive, Focal and Non PNI) based on predefined clinicopathological criteria. Here we show HNcSCC with extensive PNI demonstrates significant up- and down-regulation of 144 genes associated with extracellular matrix interactions, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion, cellular motility, angiogenesis, and cellular differentiation. Gene expression of focal and non PNI cohorts were indistinguishable and were combined for further analyses. There is clinicopathological correlation between gene expression analysis findings and disease behaviour and a tailored panel of 10 genes was able to identify extensive PNI with 96% sensitivity and 95% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Eviston
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Elahe Minaei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon A Mueller
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Clark
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas West
- Systems Biology and Data Science, Griffith Systems Biology Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Systems Biology and Data Science, Griffith Systems Biology Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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McCabe MJ, Gauthier MEA, Chan CL, Thompson TJ, De Sousa SMC, Puttick C, Grady JP, Gayevskiy V, Tao J, Ying K, Cipponi A, Deng N, Swarbrick A, Thomas ML, Lord RV, Johns AL, Kohonen-Corish M, O'Toole SA, Clark J, Mueller SA, Gupta R, McCormack AI, Dinger ME, Cowley MJ. Development and validation of a targeted gene sequencing panel for application to disparate cancers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17052. [PMID: 31745186 PMCID: PMC6864073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing has revolutionised genomic studies of cancer, having facilitated the development of precision oncology treatments based on a tumour's molecular profile. We aimed to develop a targeted gene sequencing panel for application to disparate cancer types with particular focus on tumours of the head and neck, plus test for utility in liquid biopsy. The final panel designed through Roche/Nimblegen combined 451 cancer-associated genes (2.01 Mb target region). 136 patient DNA samples were collected for performance and application testing. Panel sensitivity and precision were measured using well-characterised DNA controls (n = 47), and specificity by Sanger sequencing of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP) gene in 89 patients. Assessment of liquid biopsy application employed a pool of synthetic circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Library preparation and sequencing were conducted on Illumina-based platforms prior to analysis with our accredited (ISO15189) bioinformatics pipeline. We achieved a mean coverage of 395x, with sensitivity and specificity of >99% and precision of >97%. Liquid biopsy revealed detection to 1.25% variant allele frequency. Application to head and neck tumours/cancers resulted in detection of mutations aligned to published databases. In conclusion, we have developed an analytically-validated panel for application to cancers of disparate types with utility in liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McCabe
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie-Emilie A Gauthier
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Chia-Ling Chan
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanya J Thompson
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Sunita M C De Sousa
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and University of South Australia alliance, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Clare Puttick
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - John P Grady
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiang Tao
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Ying
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Arcadi Cipponi
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Niantao Deng
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Swarbrick
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa L Thomas
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Reginald V Lord
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Notre Dame University School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amber L Johns
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Maija Kohonen-Corish
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra A O'Toole
- Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown,, NSW, Australia
- Western Sydney University Medical School, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Australian Clinical Labs, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Clark
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon A Mueller
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
- Department for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruta Gupta
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ann I McCormack
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Mueller SA, Grady J, Dettmer M, Gauthier MEA, Hajdu E, Blackburn J, Giger R, Dahlstrom JE, Luk P, Lee S, Kratisek S, Yu B, Clark JR, Cowley MJ, Gupta R. The targetable genomic landscape of salivary duct carcinoma. Pathology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.12.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Asatryan B, Seiler J, Servatius H, Noti F, Tanner H, Roten L, Dillier R, Saguner AM, Mueller SA, Duru F, Auricchio A, Ammann P, Reichlin T, Burri H, Medeiros-Domingo A. P3817Diagnostic yield of genetic testing in cardiac arrest survivors with or without clinical evidence of cardiac disease: A swiss experience. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Seiler
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Servatius
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Noti
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Tanner
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Roten
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Dillier
- Triemli Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A M Saguner
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S A Mueller
- Triemli Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Duru
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Auricchio
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Department of Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - P Ammann
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Department of Cardiology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - T Reichlin
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Cardiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Burri
- Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Cardiology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Medeiros-Domingo
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Wallington TJ, Anderson JE, Mueller SA, Kolinski Morris E, Winkler SL, Ginder JM, Nielsen OJ. Corn ethanol production, food exports, and indirect land use change. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:6379-84. [PMID: 22533454 DOI: 10.1021/es300233m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The approximately 100 million tonne per year increase in the use of corn to produce ethanol in the U.S. over the past 10 years, and projections of greater future use, have raised concerns that reduced exports of corn (and other agricultural products) and higher commodity prices would lead to land-use changes and, consequently, negative environmental impacts in other countries. The concerns have been driven by agricultural and trade models, which project that large-scale corn ethanol production leads to substantial decreases in food exports, increases in food prices, and greater deforestation globally. Over the past decade, the increased use of corn for ethanol has been largely matched by the increased corn harvest attributable mainly to increased yields. U.S. exports of corn, wheat, soybeans, pork, chicken, and beef either increased or remained unchanged. Exports of distillers' dry grains (DDG, a coproduct of ethanol production and a valuable animal feed) increased by more than an order of magnitude to 9 million tonnes in 2010. Increased biofuel production may lead to intensification (higher yields) and extensification (more land) of agricultural activities. Intensification and extensification have opposite impacts on land use change. We highlight the lack of information concerning the magnitude of intensification effects and the associated large uncertainties in assessments of the indirect land use change associated with corn ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wallington
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, United States.
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14
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Wallington TJ, Anderson JE, Mueller SA, Winkler S, Ginder JM, Nielsen OJ. Time horizons for transport climate impact assessments. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:3169-3168. [PMID: 21366269 DOI: 10.1021/es103768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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15
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Wallington TJ, Grahn M, Anderson JE, Mueller SA, Williander MI, Lindgren K. Low-CO(2) electricity and hydrogen: a help or hindrance for electric and hydrogen vehicles? Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:2702-2708. [PMID: 20187632 DOI: 10.1021/es902329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The title question was addressed using an energy model that accounts for projected global energy use in all sectors (transportation, heat, and power) of the global economy. Global CO(2) emissions were constrained to achieve stabilization at 400-550 ppm by 2100 at the lowest total system cost (equivalent to perfect CO(2) cap-and-trade regime). For future scenarios where vehicle technology costs were sufficiently competitive to advantage either hydrogen or electric vehicles, increased availability of low-cost, low-CO(2) electricity/hydrogen delayed (but did not prevent) the use of electric/hydrogen-powered vehicles in the model. This occurs when low-CO(2) electricity/hydrogen provides more cost-effective CO(2) mitigation opportunities in the heat and power energy sectors than in transportation. Connections between the sectors leading to this counterintuitive result need consideration in policy and technology planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wallington
- Systems Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, USA.
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16
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Grahn M, Azar C, Williander MI, Anderson JE, Mueller SA, Wallington TJ. Fuel and vehicle technology choices for passenger vehicles in achieving stringent CO2 targets: connections between transportation and other energy sectors. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:3365-3371. [PMID: 19534159 DOI: 10.1021/es802651r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The regionalized Global Energy Transition (GET-R 6.0) model has been modified to include a detailed description of light-duty vehicle options and used to investigate the potential impact of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and concentrating solar power (CSP) on cost-effective fuel/vehicle technologies in a carbon-constrained world. Total CO2 emissions were constrained to achieve stabilization at 400-550 ppm, by 2100, at lowesttotal system cost The dominantfuel/vehicle technologies varied significantly depending on CO2 constraint future cost of vehicle technologies, and availability of CCS and CSP. For many cases, no one technology dominated on a global scale. CCS provides relatively inexpensive low-CO2 electricity and heatwhich prolongs the use of traditional ICEVs. CSP displaces fossil fuel derived electricity, prolongs the use of traditional ICEVs, and promotes electrification of passenger vehicles. In all cases considered, CCS and CSP availability had a major impact on the lowest cost fuel/vehicle technologies, and alternative fuels are needed in response to expected dwindling oil and natural gas supply potential by the end of the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grahn
- Department of Energy and Environment, Physical Resource Theory, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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17
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Kim BR, Anderson JE, Mueller SA, Gaines WA, Szafranski MJ, Bremmer AL, Yarema GJ, Guciardo CD, Linden S, Doherty TE. Design and startup of a membrane-biological-reactor system at a Ford-engine plant for treating oily wastewater. Water Environ Res 2006; 78:362-71. [PMID: 16749304 DOI: 10.2175/106143006x98778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A wastewater-treatment facility at Ford (Dearborn, Michigan) was recently upgraded from chemical de-emulsification to ultrafiltration (UF) followed by a membrane-biological reactor (MBR). This paper describes the design, startup, and initial operational performance of the facility. Primary findings are as follows: (1) the MBR proved resilient; (2) the MBR removed approximately 90% of chemical-oxygen demand (COD) after primary UF; (3) the removal of total Kjeldahl nitrogen by MBR appeared to be more sensitive to operating conditions than COD removal; (4) nitrification and denitrification were established in one month; (5) the MBR removed oil and grease and phenolics to below detection levels consistently, in contrast to widely fluctuating concentrations in the past; (6) permeate fluxes of the primary and MBR UF were adversely affected by inadvertent use of a silicone-based defoamer; and (7) zinc concentrations in the effluent increased, which might have been a result of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid used in membrane washing solutions and/or might have been within typical concentration ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Kim
- Ford Research and Advanced Engineering, Dearborn, Michigan 48121, USA.
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18
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Kim BR, Anderson JE, Mueller SA, Gaines WA, Kendall AM. Literature review--efficacy of various disinfectants against Legionella in water systems. Water Res 2002; 36:4433-44. [PMID: 12418646 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There have been reported outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease at hospitals and industrial facilities, which prompted the development of various preventive measures. For example, Ford has been developing and implementing such a measure at its facilities worldwide to provide technical guidance for controlling Legionella in water systems. One of the key issues for implementing the measure is the selection of a disinfectant(s) and optimum conditions for its use. Therefore, available publications on various disinfectants and disinfection processes used for the inactivation of Legionella bacteria were reviewed. Two disinfection methods were reviewed: chemical and thermal. For chemical methods, disinfectants used were metal ions (copper and silver), oxidizing agents (halogen containing compounds [chlorine, bromine, iodine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and halogenated hydantoins], ozone, and hydrogen peroxide), non-oxidizing agents (heterocyclic ketones, guanidines, thiocarbamates, aldehydes, amines, thiocyanates, organo-tin compounds, halogenated amides, and halogenated glycols), and UV light. In general, oxidizing disinfectants were found to be more effective than non-oxidizing ones. Among oxidizing agents, chlorine is known to be effective and widely used. Among non-oxidizing agents, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitropropionamide appears to be the most effective followed by glutaraldehyde. Isothiazolin (known as Kathon), polyhexamethylene biguanide, and 2-bromo-2-nitropropionamide (known as Bronopol) were found to be less effective than glutaraldehyde. Thermal disinfection is effective at > 60 degrees C (140 degrees F).
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Kim
- Ford Research Laboratory, Dearborn, MI 48121, USA.
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19
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Bloomberg JJ, Merkle LA, Barry SR, Huebner WP, Cohen HS, Mueller SA, Fordice J. Effects of adaptation of vestibulo-ocular reflex function on manual target localization. J Vestib Res 2001; 10:75-86. [PMID: 10939682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to determine if adaptive modulation of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function is associated with commensurate alterations in manual target localization. To measure the effects of adapted VOR on manual responses we developed the Vestibular-Contingent Pointing Test (VCP). In the VCP test, subjects pointed to a remembered target following passive whole body rotation in the dark. In the first experiment, subjects performed VCP before and after wearing 0.5X minifying lenses that adaptively attenuate horizontal VOR gain. Results showed that adaptive reduction in horizontal VOR gain was accompanied by a commensurate change in VCP performance. In the second experiment, bilaterally labyrinthine deficient (LD) subjects were tested to confirm that vestibular cues were central to the spatial coding of both eye and hand movements during VCP. LD subjects performed significantly worse than normal subjects. These results demonstrate that adaptive change in VOR can lead to alterations in manual target localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Bloomberg
- Life Sciences Research Laboratories, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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20
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Quensen JF, Tiedje JM, Jain MK, Mueller SA. Factors controlling the rate of DDE dechlorination to DDMU in Palos Verdes margin sediments under anaerobic conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:286-291. [PMID: 11347599 DOI: 10.1021/es0012873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediments off the coast of the Palos Verdes Peninsula in California have been designated a Superfund site primarily because of the presence of DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene]. For decades, it was believed that DDE was not microbially transformed, but anaerobic bacteria in the Palos Verdes sediments reductively dechlorinate DDEto DDMU [1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene], which is also found in the sediments. The effects of electron donor to sulfate ratio, available carbon, sampling sites, sediment depth, and temperature on the rate and extent of DDE dechlorination in anaerobic Palos Verdes sediment microcosms were investigated. Dechlorination rates varied, depending on the site and depth from which the sediments were collected, but DDE dechlorination occurred with sediments from all locations studied. Sulfate and low temperatures slowed dechlorination, but in the presence of sulfate and at in situ temperature, the dechlorination rates observed in the microcosms agree well with the observed rate of DDE disappearance from the Palos Verdes margin sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Quensen
- MBI International, Lansing, Michigan 48909-0609, USA.
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21
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Abstract
alpha-Amidation is essential for the function of many peptides in intercellular communication. This C-terminal modification is mediated in a two-step process by the hydroxylase and lyase activities of the bifunctional enzyme, peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). The first step, catalyzed by peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM; EC 1.14.17. 3), is rate limiting in the process, and therefore subject to regulation. Dexamethasone and disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide; Antabuse) were used as in vivo treatments to study the regulation of PHM expression and activity in cardiac atrium. Our findings show that both dexamethasone and disulfiram treatment increase the activity of PHM in atrial tissue but that they do so by distinctly different mechanisms. Dexamethasone elevated tissue levels of PAM mRNA and protein concurrently, suggesting that glucocorticoids regulate PAM expression at the level of gene transcription. In contrast, disulfiram treatment, which depletes stores of alpha-amidated peptides, increased the specific activity of PHM without affecting the level of PAM expression. The catalytic efficiency of PHM was enhanced by raising the Vmax of the enzyme. Importantly, this increase in Vmax was retained through purification to homogeneity, indicating that either a covalent modification or a stable conformational change had occurred in the protein. These novel findings demonstrate that the rate-limiting enzyme in the bioactivation of peptide messengers is differentially regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms in vivo. It is proposed that regulation of PHM's expression and catalytic efficiency serve as coordinated physiologic mechanisms for maintaining appropriate levels of alpha-amidating activity under changing conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Driscoll
- Department of Physiology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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22
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Mueller SA, Driscoll WJ, Mueller GP. Captopril inhibits peptidylglycine- alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase: implications for therapeutic effects. Pharmacology 1999; 58:270-80. [PMID: 10087468 DOI: 10.1159/000028290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic actions of captopril are facilitated by its sulfhydryl moiety which interacts with the metal (Zn2+) prosthetic groups of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1). This study focused on captopril as an inhibitor of another metal-dependent (Cu2+) enzyme, peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM; EC 1.14.17.3). PHM is rate limiting in alpha-amidation, a COOH-terminal modification that bioactivates several pressor peptides. Captopril inhibited PHM in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of approximately 100 micromol/l. This inhibition was partially reversed by increased concentrations of Cu2+. Structurally similar nonsulfhydryl ACE inhibitors did not affect the activity of PHM. The present findings indicate that the therapeutic effectiveness of captopril may result from actions on a range of metalloenzymes including ACE and PHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mueller
- Department of Physiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA
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Abstract
DDT is reductively dechlorinated to DDD and dehydrochlorinated to DDE; it has been thought that DDE is not degraded further in the environment. Laboratory experiments with DDE-containing marine sediments showed that DDE is dechlorinated to DDMU in both methanogenic and sulfidogenic microcosms and that DDD is dehydrochlorinated to DDMU three orders of magnitude more slowly. Thus, DDD does not appear to be an important precursor of the DDMU found in these sediments. These results imply that remediation decisions and risk assessments based on the recalcitrance of DDE in marine and estuarine sediments should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Quensen
- MBI International, 3900 Collins Road, Post Office Box 27609, Lansing, MI 48909-0609, USA.
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Cho KO, Wall JB, Pugh PC, Ito M, Mueller SA, Kennedy MB. The alpha subunit of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is highly conserved in Drosophila. Neuron 1991; 7:439-50. [PMID: 1910789 DOI: 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90296-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody against rat brain type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) precipitates three proteins from Drosophila heads with apparent molecular weights similar to those of the subunits of the rat brain kinase. Fly heads also contain a CaM kinase activity that becomes partially independent of Ca2+ after autophosphorylation, as does the rat brain kinase. We have isolated a Drosophila cDNA encoding an amino acid sequence that is 77% identical to the sequence of the rat alpha subunit. All known autophosphorylation sites are conserved, including the site that controls Ca(2+)-independent activity. The gene encoding the cDNA is located between 102E and F on the fourth chromosome. The protein product of this gene is expressed at much higher levels in the fly head than in the body. Thus, both the amino acid sequence and the tissue specificity of the mammalian kinase are highly conserved in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Cho
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125
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