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Dall’Ara G, Compagnone M, Spartà D, Carletti R, Grotti S, Guerrieri G, Gaetani S, Cortigiani M, Maitan S, Fabbri A, Ottani F, Caravita L, Tarantino F, Galvani M. P58 IMMEDIATE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY AND SYSTEMATIC TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED OUTCOME IN COMATOSE SURVIVORS OF CARDIAC ARREST. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suac012.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rapid and systematic access to coronary angiography (CAG) and target temperature management (TTM) might improve outcome in comatose patients who survive cardiac arrest (CA). However, there is controversy around indicating immediate CAG in the absence of transmural ischemia on the electrocardiogram after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We evaluated the short– and long–term outcome of our retrospective cohort of patients undergoing systematic CAG and TTM, based on whether culprit lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed.
Methods
All consecutive comatose CA survivors with no obvious extracardiac causes undergoing TTM were included. Analysis involved the entire population and subgroups, namely patients with initial unshockable rhythm, no ST–elevation on electrocardiogram, and good neurological recovery.
Results
We enrolled 107 patients with a median age of 64.9 (57.7–73.6) years. The initial rhythm was shockable in 83 (77.6%). Sixty–six (61.7%) patients underwent PCI. In–hospital survival was 71%. It was 78.8% and 58.5% in those undergoing or not PCI (p = 0.022), respectively. Age, time from CA to ROSC and culprit lesion PCI were independent predictors of in–hospital survival. Long–term survival was significantly higher in patients who underwent PCI (respectively 61.5% vs 34.1%; Log–rank: p = 0.002). Revascularization was associated with better outcomes regardless of initial rhythm (shockable vs non–shockable) and ST–deviation (elevation vs no–elevation), and improved the long–term survival of patients discharged with good neurological recovery.
Conclusion
Systematic CAG and revascularization, when indicated, were associated with higher survival in comatose patients undergoing TTM, regardless of initial rhythm and ST–deviation in the post–ROSC electrocardiogram. The benefit was sustained at long–term particularly in those with neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dall’Ara
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - M Compagnone
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - D Spartà
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - R Carletti
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - S Grotti
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - G Guerrieri
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - S Gaetani
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - M Cortigiani
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - S Maitan
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - A Fabbri
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - F Ottani
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - L Caravita
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - F Tarantino
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
| | - M Galvani
- OSPEDALE MORGAGNI–PIERANTONI, FORLÌ; OSPEDALE BUFALINI, CESENA; OSPEDALE VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, VIZZOLO PREDABISSI, MELEGNANO
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Gaetani S, Galzignati L, Marcati M, Durazzi P, Cianella A, Mocheggiani V, Monaco F, Bracci M, Neuzil J, Tomasetti M, Amati M, Santarelli L. Mitochondrial Function as Related to Psychological Distress in Health Care Professionals. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:40-49. [PMID: 34419997 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the association of psychological distress and radiation exposure as a work-related stressor with mitochondrial function in health care professionals. METHODS Health care professionals at a regional hospital in Italy were evaluated for physical health and psychological measures using self-report questionnaires (n = 41; mean age = 47.6 [13.1] years; 66% women). In a second sample, individuals exposed to elevated levels of ionizing radiation (IR; likely effective dose exceeding 6 mSv/y; n = 63, mean age = 45.8 [8.8] years; 62% women) were compared with health care workers with low IR (n = 57; mean age = 47.2 [9.5] years; 65% women) because exposure to a toxic agent might act as a (work-related) stressor. Associations were examined between psychological factors (12-item General Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale), work ability (Work Ability Index), and IR exposure at the workplace with markers of mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial redox activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, biogenesis, and mtDNA damage response measured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS All participants were in good physical health. Individuals reporting high levels of psychological distress showed lower mitochondrial biogenesis as indicated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α and lower nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression (2.5 [1.0] versus 1.0 [0.9] relative expression [rel exp], p = .035, and 31.5 [5.0] versus 19.4 [6.9] rel exp, p = .013, respectively). However, exposure to toxic agents (IR) was primarily associated with mitochondrial metabolism and reduced mtDNA integrity. Participants with IR exposure displayed higher mitochondrial redox activity (4480 [1202] mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]/min versus 3376 [983] MFI/min, p < .001) and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (0.89 [0.09] MFI versus 0.95 [0.11] MFI, p = .001), and reduced mtDNA integrity (1.18 [0.21] rel exp versus 3.48 [1.57] rel exp, p < .001) compared with nonexposed individuals. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the notion that psychological distress and potential stressors related to toxic agents might influence various aspects of mitochondrial biology, and that chronic stress exposure can lead to molecular and functional recalibrations among mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gaetani
- From the Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine (Gaetani, Galzignati, Marcati, Durazzi, Cianella, Mocheggiani, Monaco, Bracci, Tomasetti, Amati, Santarelli), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; School of Medical Science (Neuzil), Griffith University, Southport, Australia; and Institute of Biotechnology (Neuzil), Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Giuliani A, Gaetani S, Sorgentoni G, Agarbati S, Laggetta M, Matacchione G, Gobbi M, Rossi T, Galeazzi R, Piccinini G, Pelliccioni G, Bonfigli AR, Procopio AD, Albertini MC, Sabbatinelli J, Olivieri F, Fazioli F. Circulating Inflamma-miRs as Potential Biomarkers of Cognitive Impairment in Patients Affected by Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:647015. [PMID: 33776746 PMCID: PMC7990771 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.647015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the growing population of elderly people, is still lacking minimally-invasive circulating biomarkers that could facilitate the diagnosis and the monitoring of disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as tissue-specific and/or circulating biomarkers of several age-related diseases, but evidence on AD is still not conclusive. Since a systemic pro-inflammatory status was associated with an increased risk of AD development and progression, we focused our investigation on a subset of miRNAs modulating the inflammatory process, namely inflamma-miRNAs. The expression of inflamma-miR-17-5p, -21-5p, -126-3p, and -146a-5p was analyzed in plasma samples from 116 patients with AD compared with 41 age-matched healthy control (HC) subjects. MiR-17-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-126-3p plasma levels were significantly increased in AD patients compared to HC. Importantly, a strong inverse relationship was observed between miR-21-5p and miR-126-3p, and the cognitive impairment, assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Notably, miR-126-3p was able to discriminate between mild and severe cognitive impairment. Overall, our results reinforce the hypothesis that circulating inflamma-miRNAs could be assessed as minimally invasive tools associated with the development and progression of cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Sorgentoni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Agarbati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maristella Laggetta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Gobbi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gina Piccinini
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Fazioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Gaetani S, Monaco F, Alessandrini F, Tagliabracci A, Sabbatini A, Bracci M, Valentino M, Neuzil J, Amati M, Santarelli L, Tomasetti M. Mechanism of miR-222 and miR-126 regulation and its role in asbestos-induced malignancy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 121:105700. [PMID: 32006662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MiR-222 and miR-126 are associated with asbestos exposure and the ensuing malignancy, but the mechanism(s) of their regulation remain unclear. We evaluated the mechanism by which asbestos regulates miR-222 and miR-126 expression in the context of cancer etiology. An 'in vitro' model of carcinogen-induced cell transformation was used based on exposing bronchial epithelium BEAS-2B cells to three different carcinogens including asbestos. Involvement of the EGFR pathway and the role of epigenetics have been investigated in carcinogen-transformed cells and in malignant mesothelioma, a neoplastic disease associated with asbestos exposure. Increased expression of miR-222 and miR-126 were found in asbestos-transformed cells, but not in cells exposed to arsenic and chrome. Asbestos-mediated activation of the EGFR pathway and macrophages-induced inflammation resulted in miR-222 upregulation, which was reversed by EGFR inhibition. Conversely, asbestos-induced miR-126 expression was affected neither by EGFR modulation nor inflammation. Rather than methylation of the miR-126 host gene EGFL7, epigenetic mechanism involving DNMT1- and PARP1-mediated chromatin remodeling was found to upregulate of miR-126 in asbestos-exposed cells, while miR-126 was downregulated in malignant cells. Analysis of MM tissue supported the role of PARP1 in miR-126 regulation. Therefore, activation of the EGFR pathway and the PARP1-mediated epigenetic regulation both play a role in asbestos-induced miRNA expression, associated with in asbestos-induced carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Alessandrini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armando Sabbatini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, United Hospitals, Ancona, 60126, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Cancer Research Group, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, 4222, Qld, Australia; Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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Tomasetti M, Gaetani S, Monaco F, Neuzil J, Santarelli L. Epigenetic Regulation of miRNA Expression in Malignant Mesothelioma: miRNAs as Biomarkers of Early Diagnosis and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1293. [PMID: 31850200 PMCID: PMC6897284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos exposure leads to epigenetic and epigenomic modifications that, in association with ROS-induced DNA damage, contribute to cancer onset. Few miRNAs epigenetically regulated in MM have been described in literature; miR-126, however, is one of them, and its expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Asbestos exposure induces early changes in the miRNAs, which are reversibly expressed as protective species, and their inability to reverse reflects the inability of the cells to restore the physiological miRNA levels despite the cessation of carcinogen exposure. Changes in miRNA expression, which results from genetic/epigenetic changes during tumor formation and evolution, can be detected in fluids and used as cancer biomarkers. This article has reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in miRNA expression in MM, focusing on their role as biomarkers of early diagnosis and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tomasetti
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Cancer Research Group, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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6
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Monaco F, Gaetani S, Alessandrini F, Tagliabracci A, Bracci M, Valentino M, Neuzil J, Amati M, Bovenzi M, Tomasetti M, Santarelli L. Exosomal transfer of miR-126 promotes the anti-tumour response in malignant mesothelioma: Role of miR-126 in cancer-stroma communication. Cancer Lett 2019; 463:27-36. [PMID: 31400405 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
MiR-126 has been shown to suppress malignant mesothelioma (MM) by targeting cancer-related genes without inducing toxicity or histopathological changes. Exosomes provide the opportunity to deliver therapeutic cargo to cancer stroma. Here, a tumour stromal model composed of endothelial cells (HUVECs), fibroblasts (IMR-90 cells), non-malignant mesothelial cells (Met-5A cells) and MM cells (H28 and MM-B1 cells) was used. The cells were treated with exosomes from HUVECs carrying endogenous (exo-HUVEC) and enriched miR-126 (exo-HUVECmiR-126), and the uptake/turnover of exosomes; miR-126 distribution within the stroma; and effect of miR-126 on cell signalling, angiogenesis and cell proliferation were evaluated. Based on the sensitivity of MM cells to exo-HUVEC miR-126 treatment, miR-126 was distributed differently across stromal cells. The reduced miR-126 content in fibroblasts in favour of endothelial cells reduced angiogenesis and suppressed cell growth in an miR-126-sensitive environment. Conversely, the accumulation of miR-126 in fibroblasts and the reduced level of miR-126 in endothelial cells induced tube formation in an miR-126-resistant environment via VEGF/EGFL7 upregulation and IRS1-mediated cell proliferation. These findings suggest that transfer of miR-126 via HUVEC-derived exosomes represents a novel strategy to inhibit angiogenesis and cell growth in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Alessandrini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Cancer Research Group, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, 4222, Qld, Australia; Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bovenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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7
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Santarelli L, Gaetani S, Monaco F, Bracci M, Valentino M, Amati M, Rubini C, Sabbatini A, Pasquini E, Zanotta N, Comar M, Neuzil J, Tomasetti M, Bovenzi M. Four-miRNA Signature to Identify Asbestos-Related Lung Malignancies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:119-126. [PMID: 30257964 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered miRNA expression is an early event upon exposure to occupational/environmental carcinogens; thus, identification of a novel asbestos-related profile of miRNAs able to distinguish asbestos-induced cancer from cancer with different etiology can be useful for diagnosis. We therefore performed a study to identify miRNAs associated with asbestos-induced malignancies. METHODS Four groups of patients were included in the study, including patients with asbestos-related (NSCLCAsb) and asbestos-unrelated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and disease-free subjects (CTRL). The selected miRNAs were evaluated in asbestos-exposed population. RESULTS Four serum miRNAs, that is miR-126, miR-205, miR-222, and miR-520g, were found to be implicated in asbestos-related malignant diseases. Notably, increased expression of miR-126 and miR-222 were found in asbestos-exposed subjects, and both miRNAs are involved in major pathways linked to cancer development. Epigenetic changes and cancer-stroma cross-talk could induce repression of miR-126 to facilitate tumor formation, angiogenesis, and invasion. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that miRNAs are potentially involved in asbestos-related malignancies, and their expression outlines mechanism(s) whereby miRNAs may be involved in an asbestos-induced pathogenesis. IMPACT The discovery of a miRNA panel for asbestos-related malignancies would impact on occupational compensation and may be utilized for screening asbestos-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Anatomical Pathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto Pasquini
- ENT Metropolitan Unit, Bellaria Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nunzia Zanotta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Cancer Research Group, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.,Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy. .,International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), Arezzo, Italy
| | - Massimo Bovenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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8
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Tomasetti M, Re M, Monaco F, Gaetani S, Rubini C, Bertini A, Pasquini E, Bersaglieri C, Bracci M, Staffolani S, Colomba M, Gregorini A, Valentino M, Tagliabracci A, Bovenzi M, Neuzil J, Amati M, Santarelli L. MiR-126 in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinomas: exosomal transfer of MiR-126 promotes anti-tumour responses. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:896. [PMID: 30223817 PMCID: PMC6142309 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinomas (ITACs) are aggressive malignancies related to wood dust and leather exposure. ITACs are generally associated with advanced stage at presentation due to the insidious growth pattern and non-specific symptoms. Therefore, biomarkers that can detect the switch from the benign disease to malignancy are needed. Essential for tumour growth, angiogenesis is an important step in tumour development and progression. This process is strictly regulated, and MiR-126 considered its master modulator. Methods We have investigated MiR-126 levels in ITACs and compared them to benign sinonasal lesions, such as sinonasal-inverted papillomas (SIPs) and inflammatory polyps (NIPs). The tumour-suppressive functions of MiR-126 were also evaluated. Results We found that MiR-126 can significantly distinguish malignancy from benign nasal forms. The low levels of MiR-126 in ITACs point to its role in tumour progression. In this context, restoration of MiR-126 induced metabolic changes, and inhibited cell growth and the tumorigenic potential of MNSC cells. Conclusions We report that MiR-126 delivered via exosomes from endothelial cells promotes anti-tumour responses. This paracrine transfer of MiRs may represent a new approach towards MiR-based therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4801-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy. .,International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), Arezzo, Italy.
| | - Massimo Re
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Anatomical Pathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ernesto Pasquini
- Surgical Department, ENT Metropolitan Unit, Bellaria & Budrio Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bersaglieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Staffolani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariastella Colomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Armando Gregorini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bovenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.,Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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9
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Gaetani S, Monaco F, Bracci M, Ciarapica V, Impollonia G, Valentino M, Tomasetti M, Santarelli L, Amati M. DNA damage response in workers exposed to low-dose ionising radiation. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:724-729. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveMedical personnel using radiation for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes are potentially at risk of cancer development. In this study, the effect of ionising radiation (IR) exposure was evaluated as DNA damage response (DDR) in the circulating cells of occupationally exposed subjects.MethodsThe study population consisted of IR-exposed workers included both in group B (effective dose ranging between 0.04 and 6 mSv/year) and group A (probable effective dose exceeding 6 mSv/year), and the control group consisted of healthy individuals who had never been occupationally exposed to IR or other known carcinogenic agents. DNA damage (single-strand breaks, oxidised purine and pyrimidine bases) and DNA repair (t1/2, half time to repair DNA damage, amount of repaired DNA and DNA repair activity) were measured in lymphocytes using the comet assay. To evaluate the influence of IR doses and genetic predisposition to cancer, the enrolled population was stratified according to IR exposure level and family history of cancer.ResultsIncreased DNA repair activity was found in IR-exposed group, and only subjects highly exposed to IR doses accumulated DNA damage in their circulating cells, thus supporting the hypothesis of ‘radiation hormesis’. A significant increase in DNA damage accumulation and a reduced 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1-dependent DNA repair activity were found in IR-exposed subjects with cancer cases across their family.ConclusionOur results indicate that chronic exposure to a low dose of IR in occupational settings induces DDR in exposed subjects and may be mutagenic in workers with family history of cancer, suggesting that periodic surveillance might be advisable, along with exposure monitoring.
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10
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Alleva R, Manzella N, Gaetani S, Bacchetti T, Bracci M, Ciarapica V, Monaco F, Borghi B, Amati M, Ferretti G, Tomasetti M. Mechanism underlying the effect of long-term exposure to low dose of pesticides on DNA integrity. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:476-487. [PMID: 29359425 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides, including herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, are widely used in intensive agriculture. Recently, the long-term effects of pesticide exposure were found to be associated with many diseases. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effect of low-level exposure to a mixture of pesticides on DNA damage response (DDR) in relation to individual detoxifying variability. A residential population chronically exposed to pesticides was enrolled, biological/environmental pesticide levels; paroxonase 1 (PON-1) activity and 192 Q/R polymorphism and DDR were evaluated at three different periods of pesticide exposure. OGG1-dependent DNA repair activity was decreased in relation to pesticide exposure. The increase of DNA lesions and pesticide levels in the intensive pesticide-spraying period was independent on PON-1 activity. Next, human bronchial epithelial and neuronal cells were used as a model for in vitro evaluation of the mechanistic effect of pesticides. Pesticides induced mitochondrial dysfunction leading to ROS formation. ROS from mitochondria induced DNA damage, which in turn induced OGG1-dependent DNA repair activity through 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) expression and activation. Even though OGG1 was overexpressed, an inhibition of its activity, associated with DNA lesion accumulation, was found at prolonged pesticide-exposure. A post-translational regulation of OGG1 by pesticide may be postulated. Taken together, long-term exposure to low-levels of pesticides affects DDR resulting in accumulation of DNA lesions that eventually may lead to cancer or neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alleva
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), Arezzo, Italy
| | - Nicola Manzella
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Ciarapica
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Battista Borghi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), Arezzo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), Arezzo, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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11
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Sayeed MA, Bracci M, Ciarapica V, Malavolta M, Provinciali M, Pieragostini E, Gaetani S, Monaco F, Lucarini G, Rapisarda V, Di Primio R, Santarelli L. Allyl Isothiocyanate Exhibits No Anticancer Activity in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010145. [PMID: 29300316 PMCID: PMC5796094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported recently that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) could inhibit various types of cancer cell growth. In the present study, we further investigated whether AITC could inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells. Unexpectedly, we found that AITC did not inhibit, rather slightly promoted, the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, although it did have inhibitory effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cytofluorimetric analysis revealed that AITC (10 µM) did not induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, AITC significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expression of BCL-2 and mTOR genes and Beclin-1 protein in MDA-MB-231 cells. No significant changes in expression of PRKAA1 and PER2 genes, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, PARP, p-mTOR, and NF-κB p65 proteins were observed in these AITC-treated cells. Importantly, AITC displayed cytotoxic effect on MCF-10A human breast epithelial cell line. These observations suggest that AITC may not have inhibitory activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This in vitro study warrants more preclinical and clinical studies on the beneficial and harmful effects of AITC in healthy and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayeed
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ciarapica
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), 60120 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), 60120 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ernesta Pieragostini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Di Primio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
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12
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Tomasetti M, Monaco F, Manzella N, Rohlena J, Rohlenova K, Staffolani S, Gaetani S, Ciarapica V, Amati M, Bracci M, Valentino M, Goodwin J, Nguyen M, Truksa J, Sobol M, Hozak P, Dong LF, Santarelli L, Neuzil J. MicroRNA-126 induces autophagy by altering cell metabolism in malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36338-36352. [PMID: 27119351 PMCID: PMC5095004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy favors both cell survival and cancer suppression, and increasing evidence reveals that microRNAs (MIRs) regulate autophagy. Previously we reported that MIR126 is downregulated in malignant mesothelioma (MM). Therefore, we investigated the role of MIR126 in the regulation of cell metabolism and autophagy in MM models. We report that MIR126 induces autophagic flux in MM cells by downregulating insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and disrupting the IRS1 signaling pathway. This was specific to MM cells, and was not observed in non-malignant cells of mesothelial origin or in MM cells expressing MIR126-insensitive IRS1 transcript. The MIR126 effect on autophagy in MM cells was recapitulated by IRS1 silencing, and antagonized by IRS1 overexpression or antisense MIR126 treatment. The MIR126-induced loss of IRS1 suppressed glucose uptake, leading to energy deprivation and AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1. In addition, MIR126 stimulated lipid droplet accumulation in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)-dependent manner. MIR126 also reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and acetyl-CoA-citrate lyase (ACL) expression, leading to the accumulation of cytosolic citrate and paradoxical inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. Simultaneous pharmacological and genetic intervention with PDK and ACL activity phenocopied the effects of MIR126. This suggests that in MM MIR126 initiates a metabolic program leading to high autophagic flux and HIF1α stabilization, incompatible with tumor progression of MM. Consistently, MIR126-expressing MM cells injected into immunocompromised mice failed to progress beyond the initial stage of tumor formation, showing that increased autophagy has a protective role in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec-Prague West, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec-Prague West, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Staffolani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Ciarapica
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacob Goodwin
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Maria Nguyen
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec-Prague West, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Margaryta Sobol
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Lan-Feng Dong
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec-Prague West, 25242, Czech Republic.,School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
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13
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Alleva R, Manzella N, Gaetani S, Ciarapica V, Bracci M, Caboni MF, Pasini F, Monaco F, Amati M, Borghi B, Tomasetti M. Organic honey supplementation reverses pesticide-induced genotoxicity by modulating DNA damage response. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2243-2255. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alleva
- Department of Anesthesiology Research Unit; IRCCS Orthopaedic Institute Rizzoli; Bologna Italy
| | - Nicola Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Veronica Ciarapica
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Maria Fiorenza Caboni
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-food Industrial Research; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Federica Pasini
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-food Industrial Research; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Battista Borghi
- Department of Anesthesiology Research Unit; IRCCS Orthopaedic Institute Rizzoli; Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
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14
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Stoppoloni D, Politi L, Leopizzi M, Gaetani S, Guazzo R, Basciani S, Moreschini O, De Santi M, Scandurra R, Scotto d'Abusco A. Effect of glucosamine and its peptidyl-derivative on the production of extracellular matrix components by human primary chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:103-13. [PMID: 25219669 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Glucosamine (GlcN) and its peptidyl-derivative, 2-(N-Acetyl)-L-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose (NAPA), on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in human primary chondrocytes (HPCs). METHODS Dose-dependent effect of GlcN and NAPA on Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), Collagen type II (Col2) and Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans (SLRPs) was examined by incubating HPCs, cultured in micromasses (3D), with various amounts of two molecules, administered as either GlcN alone or NAPA alone or GlcN plus NAPA (G + N). Immunohystochemical and immunofluorescent staining and biochemical analysis were used to determine the impact of the two molecules on ECM production. Gene expression analysis was performed by TaqMan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS The lowest concentration to which GlcN and NAPA were able to affect ECM synthesis was 1 mM. Both molecules administered alone and as G + N stimulated GAGs and SLRPs synthesis at different extent, NAPA and mainly G + N stimulated Col2 production, whereas GlcN was not effective. Both molecules were able to induce Insulin Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and to stimulate SOX-9, whereas NAPA and G + N were able to up-regulate both Hyaluronic Acid Synthase-2 and Hyaluronic acid. Very interesting is the synergistic effect observed when chondrocyte micromasses were treated with G + N. CONCLUSIONS The observed anabolic effects and optimal concentrations of GlcN and NAPA, in addition to beneficial effects on other cellular pathways, previously reported, such as the inhibition of IKKα, could be useful to formulate new cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stoppoloni
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - L Politi
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - M Leopizzi
- Dept. of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sapienza University, Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, Latina, Italy.
| | - S Gaetani
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - R Guazzo
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Dept. of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Via delle Scotte, 6, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - S Basciani
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, V.le Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - O Moreschini
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - M De Santi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Dept. of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Via delle Scotte, 6, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - R Scandurra
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - A Scotto d'Abusco
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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15
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D’Addario C, Micioni Di Bonaventura M, Pucci M, Romano A, Gaetani S, Ciccocioppo R, Cifani C, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signaling and food addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:203-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Romano A, Karimian Azari E, Tempesta B, Mansouri A, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Ramachandran D, Lutz TA, Bedse G, Langhans W, Gaetani S. High dietary fat intake influences the activation of specific hindbrain and hypothalamic nuclei by the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide. Physiol Behav 2014; 136:55-62. [PMID: 24802360 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to a diet rich in fats changes the gastrointestinal milieu and alters responses to several signals involved in the control of food intake. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a gut-derived satiety signal released from enterocytes upon the ingestion of dietary fats. The anorexigenic effect of OEA, which requires intestinal PPAR-alpha receptors and is supposedly mediated by vagal afferents, is associated with the induction of c-fos in several brain areas involved in the control of food intake, such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) and the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). In the present study we investigated whether the exposure to a high fat diet (HFD) alters the hindbrain and hypothalamic responses to OEA. To this purpose we evaluated the effects of OEA at a dose that reliably inhibits eating (10mg/kg i.p.) on the induction of c-fos in the NST, area postrema (AP), PVN and SON in rats maintained either on standard chow or a HFD. We performed a detailed analysis of the different NST subnuclei activated by i.p. OEA and found that peripheral OEA strongly activates c-fos expression in the AP, NST and in the hypothalamus of both chow and HFD fed rats. The extent of c-fos expression was, however, markedly different between the two groups of rats, with a weaker activation of selected NST subnuclei and stronger activation of the PVN in HFD-fed than in chow-fed rats. HFD-fed rats were also more sensitive to the immediate hypophagic action of OEA than chow-fed rats. These effects may be due to a decreased sensitivity of vagal afferent fibers that might mediate OEA's actions on the brain and/or an altered sensitivity of brain structures to OEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romano
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza Univ. of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - E Karimian Azari
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - B Tempesta
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza Univ. of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A Mansouri
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | | | - D Ramachandran
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - T A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Bedse
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza Univ. of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - W Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - S Gaetani
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza Univ. of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Piraccini E, Agnoletti V, Corso RM, Chanis-Vargas J, Gaetani S, Gambale G. Left diaphragmatic hernia after pneumonectomy. HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth 2010; 2:299-300. [PMID: 23439328 PMCID: PMC3484592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients undergoing pneumonectomy can suffer by cardiovascular and respiratory postoperative complications that can affect patient's outcome by increasing morbidity and mortality. We describe a diaphragmatic hernia occurring after pneumonectomy. with late presentation and with epidural analgesia confusing the scenario suggesting that anesthesiologists should remain aware on this complication even in the late post operative period.
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Ferraro L, Tomasini MC, Beggiato S, Gaetani S, Cassano T, Cuomo V, Amoroso S, Tanganelli S, Antonelli T. Short- and long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 on rat glutamate transmission and cognitive functions. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:1017-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Morgese MG, Cassano T, Gaetani S, Macheda T, Laconca L, Dipasquale P, Ferraro L, Antonelli T, Cuomo V, Giuffrida A. Neurochemical changes in the striatum of dyskinetic rats after administration of the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2. Neurochem Int 2009; 54:56-64. [PMID: 19010365 PMCID: PMC2657321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of levodopa, the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, causes abnormal involuntary movements named dyskinesias, which are linked to maladaptive changes in plasticity and disturbances of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in the basal ganglia. Dyskinesias can be modeled in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions by repeated administration of low doses of levodopa (6 mg/kg, s.c.). Previous studies from our lab showed that sub-chronic treatment with the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 attenuates levodopa-induced dyskinesias at doses that do not interfere with physiological motor function. To investigate the neurochemical changes underlying WIN55,212-2 anti-dyskinetic effects, we used in vivo microdialysis to monitor extracellular dopamine and glutamate in the dorsal striatum of both the hemispheres of freely moving 6-hydroxydopamine-treated, SHAM-operated and intact rats receiving levodopa acutely or chronically (11 days), and studied how sub-chronic WIN55,212-2 (1 injection x 3 days, 20 min before levodopa) affected these neurochemical outputs. Our data indicate that: (1) the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion decreases dopamine turnover in the denervated striatum; (2) levodopa injection reduces extracellular glutamate in the side ipsilateral to the lesion of dyskinetic rats; (3) sub-chronic WIN55,212-2 prevents levodopa-induced glutamate volume transmission unbalances across the two hemispheres; and (4) levodopa-induced dyskinesias are inversely correlated with glutamate levels in the denervated striatum. These data indicate that the anti-dyskinetic properties of WIN55,212-2 are accompanied by changes of dopamine and glutamate outputs in the two brain hemispheres of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Morgese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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20
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Gaetani S, Fu J, Dipasquale P, Righetti L, Cuomo V, Piomelli D. The effects of oleoylethanolamide on feeding behaviour involve hypothalamic oxytocin neurons. Appetite 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Gaetani S, Kaye WH, Cuomo V, Piomelli D. Role of endocannabinoids and their analogues in obesity and eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2008; 13:e42-8. [PMID: 19011363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids ethanolamides (FAEs) are a family of lipid mediators. A member of this family, anandamide, is an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors targeted by the marijuana constituent Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Anandamide is now established as a brain endocannabinoid messenger and multiple roles for other FAEs have also been proposed. One emerging function of these lipid mediators is the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight. Anandamide causes overeating in rats because of its ability to activate cannabinoid receptors. This action is of therapeutic relevance: cannabinoid agonists are currently used to alleviate anorexia and nausea in AIDS patients, whereas the cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonist rimonabant was recently found to be effective in the treatment of obesity. In contrast to anandamide, its monounsatured analogue, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), decreases food intake and body weight gain through a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism. In the rat proximal small intestine, endogenous OEA levels decrease during fasting and increase upon refeeding. These periprandial fluctuations may represent a previously undescribed signal that modulates between-meal satiety. Pharmacological studies have shown, indeed, that, as a drug, OEA produces profound anorexiant effects in rats and mice, due to selective prolongation of feeding latency and post-meal interval. The effects observed after chronic administration of OEA to different animal models of obesity, clearly indicate that inhibition of eating is not the only mechanism by which OEA can control energy metabolism. In fact, stimulation of lipolysis is responsible for the reduced fat mass and decrease of body weight gain observed in these models. Although OEA may bind to multiple receptors, several lines of evidence indicate that peripheral PPAR-alpha mediates the effects of this compound. The pathophysiological significance of OEA in the regulation of eating and body weight is further evidenced by preliminary clinical results, showing altered levels of this molecule in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of subjects recovered from eating disorders. These results complete previous observation on anandamide content, which resulted altered in plasma of women affected by anorexia nervosa or binge-eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gaetani
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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22
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested a correlation between consumption of carotenoid-rich food and incidence of chronic diseases. In this review chemical structure, bioavailability and mechanisms of action of carotenoids most represented in human diet, mainly beta-carotene and lycopene, are reported, with focus on results obtained with cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ranaldi
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Rome Italy
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23
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Pisu P, Bellovino D, Gaetani S. Copper regulated synthesis, secretion and degradation of ceruloplasmin in a mouse immortalized hepatocytic cell line. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2005; Suppl 51:OL859-67. [PMID: 16405854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin, a blue copper oxidase circulating in serum of all vertebrates, is a glycoprotein synthesized mainly in hepatocytes and secreted into plasma with six tightly bound atoms of copper per molecule. Many aspects of the mechanisms by which synthesis and secretion of this protein are regulated by copper are still not known. In HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells this fine regulation is not maintained; we have then utilized Met-murine-hepatocytes (MMH), isolated from the liver of transgenic mice expressing a truncated form of c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), that are immortalized but not transformed. Copper deficiency was induced by treatment of cells with bathocuproine disulphonate. Experiments of metabolic labeling with 35S-methionine-cysteine and of Western blotting followed by immunostaining, demonstrated that maturation and secretion of ceruloplasmin but not its synthesis are affected by copper availability. In this paper we have shown that in copper deficiency ceruloplasmin accumulates in a pre-Golgi compartment, in which the protein is still in a Endo H sensitive form, and where presumably copper binding to the apo-protein takes place. Moreover, we found that treatment of copper-deficient cells with the proteasomal inhibitor lactacycstin leads to immature ceruloplasmin accumulation in the cell. We have optimized conditions to induce in vitro copper deficiency and found that MMH-D3 cells represent a suitable model to study in detail the molecular mechanism of copper-regulated ceruloplasmin synthesis, secretion and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pisu
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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24
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Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), the naturally occurring amide of ethanolamine and oleic acid, is an endogenous lipid that modulates feeding, body weight and lipid metabolism by binding with high affinity to the ligand-activated transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha). In the present article, we describe the biochemical pathways responsible for the initiation and termination of OEA signaling, and outline the pharmacological properties of this compound in relation to its ability to activate PPAR-alpha. Finally, we discuss the possible role of OEA as a peripheral satiety hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lo Verme
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-4260, USA
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25
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Abstract
Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific plasma carrier of retinol, encharged of the vitamin transport from the liver to target cells. Ligand binding influences the RBP affinity for transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric protein involved in the RBP/TTR circulating complex, and the secretion rate of RBP. In fact, in vitamin A deficiency, the RBP release from the hepatocytes dramatically decreases and the protein accumulates in the cells, until retinol is available again. The mechanism is still not clear and new cellular models are needed to understand in detail how the soluble RBP can be retained inside the cell. In fish, a vitamin A transport system similar to that of higher vertebrates is emerging, although with significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellovino
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Rome, Italy.
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26
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Abstract
Vitamin A alcohol and its precursors carotenoids are introduced in the organism with the diet, transported to the liver and from there as retinol to target tissues by a specific carrier, the retinol-binding protein (RBP). RBP, isolated and characterized in many vertebrates, shows very high homology among the species investigated; however, very little is known in fish. In the present work RBP cDNA isolated from a carp liver library was transcribed and translated in vitro and the corresponding protein characterized. Carp RBP amino acid sequence and tertiary structure are highly conserved, but the protein shows two peculiar and unique characteristics: the signal sequence is not processed by the ER signal peptidase and two N-glycosylations are present at the N-terminus portion of the protein. It was also demonstrated that RBP glycosylation is not a feature common to all teleosts. Transfection experiments show that the green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be directed into the secretory pathway by the carp RBP N-terminal region, both in fish and in mammal cells, demonstrating that the sequence, although not processed, is recognized as a secretory signal in different species. Results obtained from different investigators indicated that in fish plasma RBP circulates without interacting with transthyretin (TTR) or other proteins, suggesting that the complex with TTR, whose postulated function is to hamper easy kidney filtration of circulating RBP, has evolved later in the evolutionary scale. This hypothesis is reinforced by the finding that carp RBP, as well as trout and other lower vertebrates in which circulating complex has never been demonstrated, lacks a short C-terminal sequence that seems to be involved in RBP-TTR interaction. In carp, carbohydrates could be involved in the control of protein filtration through the kidney glomeruli. Moreover, experiments of carp RBP expression in Cos-1 cells and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae show that glycosylation is necessary for protein secretion; in particular, additional in vitro experiments have shown it is involved in protein translocation through ER membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellovino
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
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27
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Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Navarro M, Gómez R, Escuredo L, Nava F, Fu J, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Giuffrida A, LoVerme J, Gaetani S, Kathuria S, Gall C, Piomelli D. An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding. Nature 2001; 414:209-12. [PMID: 11700558 DOI: 10.1038/35102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oleylethanolamide (OEA) is a natural analogue of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. Like anandamide, OEA is produced in cells in a stimulus-dependent manner and is rapidly eliminated by enzymatic hydrolysis, suggesting a function in cellular signalling. However, OEA does not activate cannabinoid receptors and its biological functions are still unknown. Here we show that, in rats, food deprivation markedly reduces OEA biosynthesis in the small intestine. Administration of OEA causes a potent and persistent decrease in food intake and gain in body mass. This anorexic effect is behaviourally selective and is associated with the discrete activation of brain regions (the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract) involved in the control of satiety. OEA does not affect food intake when injected into the brain ventricles, and its anorexic actions are prevented when peripheral sensory fibres are removed by treatment with capsaicin. These results indicate that OEA is a lipid mediator involved in the peripheral regulation of feeding.
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Tattoli M, Cagiano R, Gaetani S, Ghiglieri V, Giustino A, Mereu G, Trabace L, Cuomo V. Neurofunctional effects of developmental alcohol exposure in alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 24:691-705. [PMID: 11331149 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The neurofunctional effects of developmental alcohol exposure (3% v/v solution from day 15 of gestation to day 7 after parturition) have been investigated in Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and alcohol-nonpreferring (sNP) rat lines, selectively bred for opposite alcohol preference and consumption. Alcohol exposure significantly decreased the rate of ultrasonic emission in sP male pups; whereas, it did not affect this indicator of emotional reactivity in sNP animals. Perinatal alcohol intake did not influence either learning of an active avoidance task or hippocampal long-term potentiation in both offspring lines. Significant differences in time spent exploring novel objects were observed between control sP and sNP rats subjected to the novel exploration object test. Alcohol exposed sP rats, but not alcohol exposed sNP rats, apparently lost the capacity to discriminate between the novel and the familiar object, even though this difference is difficult to interpret because of the large differences in the respective responses to the novel objects. Neurochemical experiments have shown that basal levels of dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were significantly higher in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) of sP rats with respect to sNP animals. Perinatal alcohol did not affect basal DA and HVA concentrations or amphetamine-induced DA increase and HVA decrease in the NAC of either sP or sNP offspring. These results suggest that subtle behavioral alterations induced by developmental exposure to low doses of alcohol, which do not cause malformations and/or overt neurotoxicity, may be associated with genetic factors, although not necessarily those responsible for differences in alcohol preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tattoli
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Bellovino D, Morimoto T, Mengheri E, Perozzi G, Garaguso I, Nobili F, Gaetani S. Unique biochemical nature of carp retinol-binding protein. N-linked glycosylation and uncleavable NH2-terminal signal peptide. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:13949-56. [PMID: 11278316 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006779200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol transport and metabolism have been well characterized in mammals; however, very little is known in fish. To study the mechanism by which fish retinol-binding protein (RBP) is able to remain in plasma besides its small molecular size, we isolated RBP cDNA from a carp liver cDNA library. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that of known vertebrate RBPs showed that carp RBP has high homology to the other cloned vertebrate RBPs, but it lacks the COOH-terminal tetrapeptide, RNL(S)L, which is most likely involved in the interaction with transthyretin in mammalian RBPs. In addition, the primary structure of carp RBP contains two consensus N-linked glycosylation sites that represent a unique feature. We have obtained experimental evidence, by in vitro and in vivo expression experiments, that both sites are indeed glycosylated. We have also characterized the protein as a complex type N-linked glycoprotein by lectin binding assay, neuraminidase and endoglycosidase H and F digestion. Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin treatment of transfected cells caused a great reduction of RBP secretion. Since kidney filtration of anionic proteins is less than half that of neutral protein of the same size, this finding strongly suggests that the amount of carp RBP filtration through kidney glomeruli may be reduced by a glycosylation-dependent increase in the molecular size and negative charge of the protein. A second unique feature of carp RBP as secretory protein is the presence of a nonconserved NH(2)-terminal hydrophobic domain, which functions as an insertion signal but is not cleaved cotranslationally and remains in the secreted RBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellovino
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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Trabace L, Coluccia A, Gaetani S, Tattoli M, Cagiano R, Pietra C, Kendrick KM, Cuomo V. In vivo neurochemical effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ENA713 in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2000; 865:268-71. [PMID: 10821930 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral ENA713 (0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), dose-dependently enhanced extracellular acetylcholine concentrations in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. This effect was paralleled by changes in both noradrenergic and dopaminergic transmission. In particular, ENA713 significantly decreased noradrenaline concentrations, whereas it significantly increased homovanillic acid levels, without affecting dopamine concentrations. Neither serotonin nor gamma-aminobutyric acid levels were modified by ENA713. These findings extend the neurochemical profile of ENA713 and suggest that it could be useful for the treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia which is associated with multiple neurotransmitter abnormalities in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Trabace
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, Medical School, University of Bari, Policlinico-Piazza Giulio Cesare 11 70124, Bari, Italy
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Bellovino D, Lanyau Y, Garaguso I, Amicone L, Cavallari C, Tripodi M, Gaetani S. MMH cells: An in vitro model for the study of retinol-binding protein secretion regulated by retinol. J Cell Physiol 1999; 181:24-32. [PMID: 10457350 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199910)181:1<24::aid-jcp3>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The untransformed stable cell line Met murine hepatocytes (MMH), generated from liver explants of transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active truncated form of the human hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cyto-Met), represents an innovative tool for in vitro studies of liver function. In the present report, we show that the MMH-D3 line isolated from the liver of a 3-day-old mouse is a useful model to investigate the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by retinol (vitamin A alcohol). Experiments with Northern blot hybridization, metabolic labeling of cellular proteins followed by immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analysis demonstrated that, similarly to the in vivo situation, in MMH-D3 cells the presence of retinol does not affect transcriptional and translational rate of the RBP gene but is essential for regulating the secretion rate of the protein. Unlike HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells used thus far in studies of retinoid metabolism, including the synthesis and secretion of RBP, vitamin A deficiency causes, in MMH-D3 cells, the inhibiton of RBP secretion and the protein accumulation in the cell, whereas retinol repletion promptly results in RBP secretion. This model will be very useful in future studies on vitamin A distribution in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellovino
- Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The oligomerization of transthyretin has been studied in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that wild-type transthyretin synthesized in vitro in the absence of microsomes did not form dimers and tetramers, but in the presence of microsomes the mature transthyretin which had been translocated into the microsomal lumen formed dimers and a small amount of tetramers which could be detected only by using a cross-linking reagent. Efficiency of tetramer formation depends upon the source of microsomes; in fact the amount of tetramer formed in liver microsomes was much higher than that in pancreas microsomes. Transthyretin synthesized in HepG2 cells appeared after SDS-PAGE analysis in mostly tetrameric form, while that synthesized in transfected COS-1 cells appeared mainly as dimers. Brefeldin A treatment and pulse-chase experiments in HepG2 cells showed that transthyretin tetramer was formed in the endoplasmic reticulum. These results strongly indicate that transthyretin tetramer is formed most efficiently in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen of hepatocytes. Transthyretin without the signal peptide [S(-)] and transthyretin with a mutation that prevents processing of the signal peptide Msc failed to form dimers and tetramers in vitro. In the transfected COS-1 cells, however, S(-) transthyretin did form dimers while Msc transthyretin failed to oligomerize. These results show that the cleavage of the signal peptide and some cellular factors are required for transthyretin oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellovino
- Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, Rome, 00178, Italy
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Perozzi G, Barilá D, Plateroti M, Sambuy Y, Nobili F, Gaetani S. Effects of retinoids on gene expression in different epithelial models in vivo and in vitro. Z Ernahrungswiss 1998; 37 Suppl 1:29-34. [PMID: 9558726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the induction of Vitamin A deficiency results in a threefold decrease in the hepatic expression of cellular retinol binding protein I (CRBP I) mRNA in vivo and that the treatment of intestinal cell lines in vitro with retinoids leads to the induction of CRBP I transcription. In the present paper we extend the analysis to retinoid-dependent gene expression in the testicular epithelium in vivo and in the intestinal cell line FRIC B. In rat testis excess Vitamin A results in the reduced production of mature spermatozoa and in the premature release of immature germ cells in the lumen, while Vitamin A deficiency leads to almost complete degeneration of the germinal epithelium. We show reduced level of expression of CRBP I mRNA in vitamin A deficient testis. Retinoid treatment of cultured intestinal cells, which induces a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, has no effect on the expression of the differentiation induced gene Dri 42. The results show that even though unable to trigger by themselves the differentiation process, retinoids exert a direct effect on the expression of specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Perozzi
- Instituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Roma, Italy.
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Bellovino D, Morimoto T, Tosetti F, Gaetani S. Retinol binding protein and transthyretin are secreted as a complex formed in the endoplasmic reticulum in HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 1996; 222:77-83. [PMID: 8549676 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1996.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Retinol binding protein (RBP), the retinol-specific carrier, circulates in blood as a 1:1 complex with the homotetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR). Both RBP and TTR are synthesized and secreted by the hepatocyte. In this work we have demonstrated, using HepG2 cells as a model system, that the association between the two proteins occurs inside the cell before secretion. The intracellular complex was detected only when metabolically labeled cells were lysed under mild detergent conditions (1.5% octylglucoside), followed by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE. Alternatively, the immunoprecipitates from unlabeled cells lysed with the same buffer were analyzed by Western blotting. This finding was confirmed using the cross-linking agent dithiobis(succinimidyl) propionate before cell lysis. Moreover, we found that in cells treated with brefeldin A to block the exit of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the complex was present in the microsomal fraction. Thus, we can conclude that the RBP-TTR complex is formed inside the cell, more precisely within the ER. As RBP and TTR both lack an ER retention signal, we considered the possible involvement of chaperones in RBP and TTR retention in the ER and in complex formation. We found that calnexin, an ER integral membrane protein which functions as a chaperone, coprecipitates with RBP and TTR when cell lysis and immunoprecipitation are performed under mild conditions (1% Triton X-100). This result strongly suggests that calnexin may be involved in RBP and TTR retention in the ER, in TTR tetramer assembly, and possibly in complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellovino
- Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Rome, Italy
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36
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Barilà D, Murgia C, Nobili F, Gaetani S, Perozzi G. Subtractive hybridization cloning of novel genes differentially expressed during intestinal development. Eur J Biochem 1994; 223:701-9. [PMID: 8055940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal genes whose expression is regulated during development and differentiation were identified and cloned from a rat villi cDNA library using a subtracted cDNA probe. The isolated clones are transcribed in the fully differentiated intestinal epithelium 21 days after birth and absent or poorly expressed in the fetal gut at 15 days of gestation. Two of the DRI (differentially-expressed in rat intestine) genes are novel, while the others encode the microvillar protein ezrin and intracellular carrier proteins for retinol and fatty acids. Expression of the newly isolated DRI27 and DRI42 clones parallels epithelial differentiation during development and it is more pronounced in the distal portions of the small intestine. In situ hybridization experiments indicate that the DRI mRNAs are expressed in the differentiated cell types of the gut epithelium. Moreover, the expression of DRI27 and DRI42 is strongly related to the stage of epithelial differentiation during gut development. This relationship holds true also for the expression of DRI42 in other tissues. These clones will be a valuable tool to identify regulatory sequences and factors responsible for confining gene expression to the differentiated epithelial cell types in mammalian small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barilà
- Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Roma, Italy
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Giacomini P, Tosi S, Murgia C, Nobili F, Gaetani S, Gambari R, Nicotra MR, Simoni G, Maggi F, Natali PG. First-trimester human trophoblast is class II major histocompatibility complex mRNA+/antigen. Hum Immunol 1994; 39:281-9. [PMID: 8071102 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)90271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lack of expression of the polymorphic class I and class II MHC antigens in the cytotrophoblast is one of the major factors determining the privileged immunologic status of the placenta. In this report, we show that first-trimester human placental cytotrophoblast cells display moderate to strong expression of class II MHC (HLA-DR alpha and -DR beta) and Ii chain transcripts, apparently in absence of detectable class II antigens and Ii chain. In addition, DR alpha, DR beta, and Ii mRNAs, but not antigens, are consistently upregulated by IFN-gamma. Constitutive expression and upregulation of mRNAs are detectable in trophoblast cells kept in short term as well as prolonged (2-3 weeks) culture. These results are reminiscent of an analogous mRNA+/antigen- dissociation occurring, in the case of class I MHC gene products, in a subpopulation of first-trimester cytotrophoblast cells. Thus, analogous mechanisms prevent the expression of potentially hazardous class I and II allodeterminants at early stages of semiallogeneic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giacomini
- Immunology Laboratory, Regina Elena Institute, Rome, Italy
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Gaetani S, Succi S, Grandi M, Saffioti S. [Congenital diastasis of the pubic symphysis. A case report]. Radiol Med 1994; 87:508-11. [PMID: 8190938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gaetani
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università di Genova
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Gaetani S, Banderali A, Grillo F, Silvestro C. [Intracranial meningioma. The characteristics of the radiographic aspect]. Radiol Med 1994; 87:141-4. [PMID: 8128017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gaetani
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università di Genova
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Gaetani S, Bertolotto M, Curone F, Ravetti G. [Radiologic criteria of aggressiveness and considerations regarding a case of peripheral chondrosarcoma]. Radiol Med 1993; 86:344-6. [PMID: 8210546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Mengheri E, Murgia C, Vignolini F, Nobili F, Gaetani S. Metallothionein gene is expressed in developing rat intestine and is induced by zinc but not by corticosteroids. J Nutr 1993; 123:817-22. [PMID: 8487092 DOI: 10.1093/jn/123.5.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of metallothionein (MT) mRNA during perinatal development of rat intestine and its induction by zinc and corticosteroids were studied. Pregnant rats from d 17 to 22 of gestation and rats at 2, 4, 13 and 21 d of postnatal life were injected with saline solution (control) or with zinc (10 mg/kg body wt) or corticosteroids (1 mg/kg body wt). After 6 h, tissues were removed for analysis. Northern hybridization of polyA + RNA to 32P-MT-cDNA revealed that MT was expressed already at d 17 of fetal life, increased afterwards (reaching the maximal expression around birth) and decreased soon after until weaning. Metallothionein mRNA was markedly induced by zinc at d 18 of fetal life to a level that remained constant throughout postnatal life. Corticosteroids were ineffective in inducing MT gene expression during prenatal and postnatal development. In 21-d-old adrenalectomized rats the level of MT mRNA was similar to that of control rats of the same age and was not changed by hormone treatment. The results indicate that MT gene expression can be induced by zinc during fetal life and that its expression without exogenous inducers cannot be ascribed to circulating corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mengheri
- Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Roma, Italy
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Balestra E, Gaetani S, Gazzerro C, Derchi L. [Sacral agenesis. The clinical and radiological aspects in one case]. Radiol Med 1991; 82:683-5. [PMID: 1780471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Balestra
- Servizio di Radiologia, Ospedale S. Martino, Genova
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Pizzoferrato L, Vignolini F, Gaetani S. An application of fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) in the purification of retinol binding protein from rat serum. Chromatographia 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02276245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Perozzi G, Mengheri E, Colantuoni V, Gaetani S. Vitamin A intake and in vivo expression of the genes involved in retinol transport. Eur J Biochem 1991; 196:211-7. [PMID: 2001700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two different metabolic alterations in vitamin A status are known to cause changes in the amount of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in experimental animals; namely vitamin A deficiency, characterized by depleted retinol-liver stores and hypervitaminosis A, characterized by hepatic accumulation of retinyl esters. We have induced vitamin A deficiency and hypervitaminosis A in two groups of rats with the aim of determining whether the expression of the genes coding for these two proteins might be directly regulated by retinol. Using human RBP and CRBP cDNAs as probes, we measured the rate of transcription of the two genes in liver nuclei from control and treated rats by run-on transcription assays, and the steady-state level of the mRNAs by Northern blot analysis of total liver RNA. The distribution profile of RBP and CRBP mRNAs on fractionated liver polysomes was also examined. We have found a threefold decrease in the hepatic level of CRBP mRNA in vitamin-A-deficient animals, while the RBP mRNA is not affected by this nutritional deprivation. The decreases does not correspond to a lower transcription rate of the gene and therefore it is likely to result from lower stability of the CRBP mRNA. In hypervitaminosis A, we do not observe any differences in both the steady-state level of the mRNAs and in the rate of transcription of the two genes. The results are discussed in terms of retinol-dependent stabilization of the mRNA coding for CRBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Perozzi
- Instituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Roma, Italy
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Abstract
Protein deficiency leads to a decreased concentration of plasma proteins, although it is not clear whether this response is caused by alterations in gene transcription or in post-transcriptional events. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of some liver-specific genes coding for plasma proteins in rats kept on a protein-free diet for 30 days. Cloned cDNA probes for the albumin, transthyretin, retinol-binding protein and prothrombin genes were used in Northern hybridizations to total liver RNA to compare their transcript levels in protein-deficient and control animals. Liver polysomes were also isolated and fractionated from the two groups of animals to examine the possible effects of protein deficiency on translation of the mRNAs. The results indicate that the albumin and transthyretin mRNAs are present in lower amounts in protein deficiency. The distribution profile along sucrose gradients shows that all mRNAs are undergoing translation, but in protein-deficient animals a small but consistent fraction of each mRNA is also present in the non-polysomal, low molecular weight fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Perozzi
- Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione, Roma, Italy
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Borgese N, Pietrini G, Gaetani S. Concentration of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase in erythrocytes of normal and methemoglobinemic individuals measured with a quantitative radioimmunoblotting assay. J Clin Invest 1987; 80:1296-302. [PMID: 3680497 PMCID: PMC442383 DOI: 10.1172/jci113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (NADH-methemoglobin reductase) is generally reduced in red cells of patients with recessive hereditary methemoglobinemia. To determine whether this lower activity is due to reduced concentration of an enzyme with normal catalytic properties or to reduced activity of an enzyme present at normal concentration, we measured erythrocyte reductase concentrations with a quantitative radioimmunoblotting method, using affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against rat liver microsomal reductase as probe. In five patients with the "mild" form of recessive hereditary methemoglobinemia, in which the activity of erythrocyte reductase was 4-13% of controls, concentrations of the enzyme, measured as antigen, were also reduced to 7-20% of the control values. The concentration of membrane-bound reductase antigen, measured in the ghost fraction, was similarly reduced. Thus, in these patients, the reductase deficit is caused mainly by a reduction in NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase concentration, although altered catalytic properties of the enzyme may also contribute to the reduced enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Borgese
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Center of Cytopharmacology, Milan, Italy
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Gaetani S, Bronzini E, Ceppa P, Ferraris AM, Canepa L. Multiple diffuse fibrosarcoma of bone. Rays 1985; 10:13-7. [PMID: 3843661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Giuntini P, Repetto L, Bandelloni R, Gambini C, Gaetani S. T cell lymphoma of the hypopharynx: report of a case studied with immunologic techniques. Acta Haematol 1985; 74:111-3. [PMID: 2418619 DOI: 10.1159/000206180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A case of primitive T cell lymphoma of the oropharynx is reported. Clinical, morphological and immunological features of the case are summarized and described according to morphological and immunological criteria proposed by Waldron and Frizzera.
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Abstract
RNA extracted from a free polysome fraction from rat liver was used to direct translation in nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and the [35S]methionine-labelled, in vitro-synthesized, cytochrome b5 reductase was isolated with specific antibodies. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis and one-dimensional peptide mapping failed to reveal any difference between the in vitro-synthesized reductase and the enzyme endogenous to rat liver microsomes. To study the integration of the in vitro-synthesized reductase into membranes, carboxypeptidase Y was used as a proteolytic probe. The reductase endogenous to rat liver microsomes was resistant to attack by carboxypeptidase Y, but was degraded to a smaller form when the microsomes were solubilized by detergent. Likewise, the enzyme synthesized in vitro was attacked by carboxypeptidase Y, but became largely resistant after post-translational incubation with dog pancreatic microsomes, indicating that an integration into membranes similar to the physiological one had occurred. It is concluded that cytochrome b5 reductase is probably not synthesized as a precursor and inserts post-translationally into the membrane. The results are discussed in relation to the particular subcellular distribution of the reductase and to the possible topology in the lipid bilayer of its C-terminal non-polar membrane-binding segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Borgese
- CNR Centre of Cytopharmacology, Milan, Italy
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