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Alinaghi SA, Janfaza N, Mirzapour P, Siami H, Ali Z, Matini P, Karimi E, Mahrokhi S, Varshochi S, Sanaati F, Fathi Amrollah M, Saki S, Mehraeen E, Dadras O. The Upper-gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings of People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review. Curr HIV Res 2024; 22:CHR-EPUB-137938. [PMID: 38279732 DOI: 10.2174/011570162x271270231215101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aimed to analyze upper endoscopic findings in the HIV patient population to elucidate the upper-gastrointestinal complications related to HIV infection. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in individuals living with HIV/AIDS exhibit diverse and often nonspecific manifestations, imposing substantial morbidity and mortality burdens. Endoscopic evaluation with biopsies is essential in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. Delayed treatment due to undetected GI abnormalities during endoscopic examinations can lead to poorer health outcomes. METHODS This systematic review has determined the findings of upper-GI endoscopy of HIV-infected patients. Online databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Jisc Library Hub Discover, and Library of Congress have been searched using relevant keyword combinations. We have retrieved all the pertinent papers and reports published in English and screened them against inclusion/exclusion criteria for data extraction in two steps. First, titles/abstracts have been evaluated and then full-text screening has been performed by independent researchers. This study has adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. RESULTS In this review, 24 articles have been included in the final analysis. The study has focused on the characteristics of participants and the findings of endoscopic evaluations. The participants of the study have been HIV-positive patients, and the majority of them have undergone endoscopy due to gastrointestinal symptoms. The biopsy regions primarily targeted have been observed to be the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The most common result of the biopsy specimens has been chronic active gastritis. CONCLUSION To improve clinical practice, this systematic review sought to provide an up-to-date reference for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings of HIV-infected persons. Our results are in line with earlier research showing how effective endoscopy is for determining a precise diagnosis and directing care. The majority of HIV patients with gastrointestinal symptoms have been found to have opportunistic infections and persistent active gastritis as well as mucosal abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that endoscopic and histological assessment can aid in the early detection and management of issues involving the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Alinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Janfaza
- Internal Medicine Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Siami
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoha Ali
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Matini
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Mahrokhi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Varshochi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foziye Sanaati
- Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Fathi Amrollah
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran Iran
| | - Sobhan Saki
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
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Monajjemi M, Rajaeian E, Mollaamin F, Naderi F, Saki S. Investigation of NMR shielding tensors in 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions: solvents dielectric effect. Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00319100601124369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Mirtazapine (Remeron) is a member of the relatively new class of tetracyclic antidepressants. There are published cases of mirtazapine's detection as an incidental finding in postmortem cases; however, case reports with associated tissue concentrations and interpretations are not available. This report documents the tissue distribution of mirtazapine in eight postmortem cases in which it was identified but did not contribute to the cause or manner of death. The following mean mirtazapine concentrations (milligrams per liter or milligrams per kilogram) were found: heart blood 0.12 (range, < 0.01-0.33, n = 7); peripheral blood 0.09 (< 0.01-0.14, n = 4); urine 0.61 (0.01-3.2, n = 7); liver 0.88 (0.04-3.6, n = 6), kidney 0.21 (0.02-0.48, n = 5); and bile 0.62 (0.11-1.6, n = 6). In each case, the mirtazapine concentration in heart blood was approximately equal to that of peripheral blood, indicating that postmortem redistribution was not a factor in evaluating postmortem blood concentrations in these cases. However, because the liver mirtazapine concentrations were 5-30 times the blood concentrations, the potential for postmortem redistribution cannot be excluded. Additionally, because urine concentrations of the parent compound were consistently greater than the blood concentrations, urine is an adequate screening specimen for mirtazapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Moore
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Division of Forensic Toxicology, Rockville, Maryland 20850-3125, USA
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Levine B, Green D, Saki S, Symons A, Smialek J. Evaluation of the IL-682 Co-Oximeter; Comparison to the IL-482 Co-Oximeter and Gas Chromatography. Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.1997.10757089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Miki T, Saki S, Kotake T. [The role of salvage surgery following chemotherapy in advanced testicular cancer]. Hinyokika Kiyo 1994; 40:951-5. [PMID: 7992713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-seven patients with advanced testicular cancer underwent cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy and followed by salvage surgery. Complete necrosis and/or fibrosis (necrosis) was found in 12 (44%) operative specimens, mature teratoma in 5 (19%) and residual cancer in 10 (37%) patients. Ten of the 12 (83%) patients with necrosis and all 5 with mature teratoma were rendered disease-free (NED). Only 6 of the 10 (60%) patients with residual cancer were continuously NED. These findings suggest that if carcinoma is found in the resected specimen, further salvage chemotherapy is required. Salvage surgery should be avoided in patients with elevated serum tumor marker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Hospital
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