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SeyedAlinaghi S, Afsahi AM, Mirzapour P, Afzalian A, Shahidi R, Dashti M, Ghasemzadeh A, Paranjkhoo P, Parsaei Z, Pashaei A, Mohammadi P, Najafi MS, Mahrokhi S, Matini P, Moradi A, Karimi A, Afroughi S, Mehraeen E, Dadras O. Comparison of Omicron and Delta Variants of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:IDDT-EPUB-138966. [PMID: 38445691 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265279242240216114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. In early 2020, the disease spread rapidly around the world. Since the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved dramatically into a wide variety of variants endowed with devastating properties. As of March 6, 2022, five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron strains have been identified. Due to the crucial importance of understanding the differences between the Omicron and Delta variants, this systematic review was conducted. METHODS This systematic review investigated new variants of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 based on cur-rent studies. Online databases were searched for English articles as of January 03, 2023. Selection of publications was a two-step process of title/abstract and full-text assessment against eligibility crite-ria. The relevant data from the included articles were systematically collected and organized in a designed table for analysis. To ensure the quality of the review, the PRISMA checklist and Newcas-tle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) of quality assessment were utilized. RESULTS The data extracted from 58 articles were analyzed, including 10003 pieces of evidence. Lower risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality after vaccination were reported in the Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant. Additionally, the Delta variant led to more severe clinical symptoms in comparison to the Omicron variant. CONCLUSION The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 results in less severe disease outcomes as com-pared to Delta. Nevertheless, it remains crucial to maintain ongoing monitoring, implement contain-ment measures, and adapt vaccination protocols to effectively address the evolving variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Afsahi
- University of California, San Diego Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, San Diego United States
| | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran Iran
| | - Arian Afzalian
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Ramin Shahidi
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences School of medicine Bandar B?shehr Iran
| | - Mohsen Dashti
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Department of radiology Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Parinaz Paranjkhoo
- American University of Armenia Turpanjian College of Health Sciences Yerevan Armenia
| | - Zahra Parsaei
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Health Information Technology Research Center Isfahan Iran
| | - Ava Pashaei
- University of British Columbia School of Nursing Vancouver Canada
| | - Parsa Mohammadi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadeq Najafi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Sona Mahrokhi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS Tehran Iran
| | - Parisa Matini
- Iran University of Medical Sciences School of medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - Solaiman Afroughi
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Yasuj Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Khalkhal University of Medical sciences Health Information Management Khalkhal Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- University of Bergen Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care Bergen Norway
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Alinaghi SA, Janfaza N, Mirzapour P, Siami H, Ali Z, Matini P, Karimi E, Mahrokhi S, Varshochi S, Sanaati F, Fathi Amrollah M, Saki S, Mehraeen E, Dadras O. The Upper-gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings of People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review. Curr HIV Res 2024; 22:CHR-EPUB-137938. [PMID: 38279732 DOI: 10.2174/011570162x271270231215101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aimed to analyze upper endoscopic findings in the HIV patient population to elucidate the upper-gastrointestinal complications related to HIV infection. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in individuals living with HIV/AIDS exhibit diverse and often nonspecific manifestations, imposing substantial morbidity and mortality burdens. Endoscopic evaluation with biopsies is essential in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. Delayed treatment due to undetected GI abnormalities during endoscopic examinations can lead to poorer health outcomes. METHODS This systematic review has determined the findings of upper-GI endoscopy of HIV-infected patients. Online databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Jisc Library Hub Discover, and Library of Congress have been searched using relevant keyword combinations. We have retrieved all the pertinent papers and reports published in English and screened them against inclusion/exclusion criteria for data extraction in two steps. First, titles/abstracts have been evaluated and then full-text screening has been performed by independent researchers. This study has adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. RESULTS In this review, 24 articles have been included in the final analysis. The study has focused on the characteristics of participants and the findings of endoscopic evaluations. The participants of the study have been HIV-positive patients, and the majority of them have undergone endoscopy due to gastrointestinal symptoms. The biopsy regions primarily targeted have been observed to be the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The most common result of the biopsy specimens has been chronic active gastritis. CONCLUSION To improve clinical practice, this systematic review sought to provide an up-to-date reference for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings of HIV-infected persons. Our results are in line with earlier research showing how effective endoscopy is for determining a precise diagnosis and directing care. The majority of HIV patients with gastrointestinal symptoms have been found to have opportunistic infections and persistent active gastritis as well as mucosal abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that endoscopic and histological assessment can aid in the early detection and management of issues involving the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Alinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Janfaza
- Internal Medicine Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Siami
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoha Ali
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Matini
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Mahrokhi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Varshochi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foziye Sanaati
- Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Fathi Amrollah
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran Iran
| | - Sobhan Saki
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
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SeyedAlinaghi S, Yarmohammadi S, Dashti M, Ghasemzadeh A, Siami H, Molla A, Mahrokhi S, Qaderi K, Arjmand G, Parikhani SN, Amrollah MF, Mirghaderi P, Mehraeen E, Dadras O. The relationship of hip fracture and thyroid disorders: a systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1230932. [PMID: 37881501 PMCID: PMC10597696 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1230932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone density regulation is considered one of the systems affected by thyroid hormones, leading to low bone density that can result in pathologic fractures, including hip fractures. This review aimed to update clinicians and researchers about the current data regarding the relationship between hip fractures and thyroid disorders. Methods English papers were thoroughly searched in four main online databases of Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase. Data extraction was done following two steps of screening/selection using distinct inclusion/exclusion criteria. This study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) as bias assessment. Results In total, 19 articles were included in the research. The risk of hip fractures in women with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is higher than hip fractures caused by osteoporosis. Men with hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism are at higher risk for hip fracture. Also, a decrease in serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) may be associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. Conclusion Reaching a consensus conclusion regarding the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and hip fracture is not feasible due to the heterogenicity of evidence; however, there may be a higher risk of fracture in individuals with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Dashti
- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haleh Siami
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayoob Molla
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sona Mahrokhi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kowsar Qaderi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghazal Arjmand
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoomeh Fathi Amrollah
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Mirghaderi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Manshadi SD, Pirdehi AK, Shahmohamadi E, Nezhad MH, Abbaspour F, Mahrokhi S, SeyedAlinaghi S. Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) among People Living with HIV in Tehran, Iran. Curr HIV Res 2023; 21:361-366. [PMID: 38058094 DOI: 10.2174/011570162x270146231205105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual problems are rarely addressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management, even though overt sexual dysfunctions are more prevalent in people living with HIV. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among HIVinfected men in a stable clinical state, examine the relationship between antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure and sexual dysfunction, and identify the associated risk factors. METHOD This cross-sectional study recruited HIV-positive males who visited the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center of Imam Khomeini Hospital (Tehran) in 2020. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was used to evaluate the ED in participants. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. RESULTS Of 65 patients who participated in this study, 27.7% had ED. The mean age of participants with and without ED was 39.4±11.5 and 40.4±7.6 years old, respectively. No significant difference was observed between patients with and without ED concerning the sociodemographic status and the use of ART drugs. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ED is relatively high among men living with HIV. Future research is recommended among HIV-positive males to identify the underlying causes and explore the potential impact that associated psychological distress could have on sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAli Dehghan Manshadi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Keyhani Pirdehi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Shahmohamadi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasan Nezhad
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abbaspour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Mahrokhi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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