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Bitterman DS, Gensheimer MF, Jaffray D, Pryma DA, Jiang SB, Morin O, Ginart JB, Upadhaya T, Vallis KA, Buatti JM, Deasy J, Hsiao HT, Chung C, Fuller CD, Greenspan E, Cloyd-Warwick K, Courdy S, Mao A, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Topaloglu U, Hands I, Maurer I, Terry M, Curran WJ, Le QT, Nadaf S, Kibbe W. Cancer Informatics for Cancer Centers: Sharing Ideas on How to Build an Artificial Intelligence-Ready Informatics Ecosystem for Radiation Oncology. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2300136. [PMID: 38055914 PMCID: PMC10703125 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2022, the Cancer Informatics for Cancer Centers brought together cancer informatics leaders for its biannual symposium, Precision Medicine Applications in Radiation Oncology, co-chaired by Quynh-Thu Le, MD (Stanford University), and Walter J. Curran, MD (GenesisCare). Over the course of 3 days, presenters discussed a range of topics relevant to radiation oncology and the cancer informatics community more broadly, including biomarker development, decision support algorithms, novel imaging tools, theranostics, and artificial intelligence (AI) for the radiotherapy workflow. Since the symposium, there has been an impressive shift in the promise and potential for integration of AI in clinical care, accelerated in large part by major advances in generative AI. AI is now poised more than ever to revolutionize cancer care. Radiation oncology is a field that uses and generates a large amount of digital data and is therefore likely to be one of the first fields to be transformed by AI. As experts in the collection, management, and analysis of these data, the informatics community will take a leading role in ensuring that radiation oncology is prepared to take full advantage of these technological advances. In this report, we provide highlights from the symposium, which took place in Santa Barbara, California, from August 29 to 31, 2022. We discuss lessons learned from the symposium for data acquisition, management, representation, and sharing, and put these themes into context to prepare radiation oncology for the successful and safe integration of AI and informatics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Bitterman
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Michael F. Gensheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - David Jaffray
- Department of Radiation Physics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel A. Pryma
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steve B. Jiang
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Olivier Morin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MEDomics Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jorge Barrios Ginart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MEDomics Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Taman Upadhaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MEDomics Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John M. Buatti
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Deasy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - H. Timothy Hsiao
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Scientific Affairs, American Society for Radiation Oncology, Arlington, VA
| | - Clifton D. Fuller
- Department of Scientific Affairs, American Society for Radiation Oncology, Arlington, VA
| | - Emily Greenspan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kristy Cloyd-Warwick
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | | | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Center for Informatics, Digital Vertical, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Umit Topaloglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Isaac Hands
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
- Cancer Research Informatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, NY
| | | | | | | | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sorena Nadaf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Warren Kibbe
- Cancer Center Informatics Society, Los Angeles, CA
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Kerlavage AR, Kirchhoff AC, Guidry Auvil JM, Sharpless NE, Davis KL, Reilly K, Reaman G, Penberthy L, Deapen D, Hwang A, Durbin EB, Gallotto SL, Aplenc R, Volchenboum SL, Heath AP, Aronow BJ, Zhang J, Vaske O, Alonzo TA, Nathan PC, Poynter JN, Armstrong G, Hahn EE, Wernli KJ, Greene C, DiGiovanna J, Resnick AC, Shalley ER, Nadaf S, Kibbe WA. Cancer Informatics for Cancer Centers: Scientific Drivers for Informatics, Data Science, and Care in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021; 5:881-896. [PMID: 34428097 PMCID: PMC8763339 DOI: 10.1200/cci.21.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Informatics for Cancer Centers (CI4CC) is a grassroots, nonprofit 501c3 organization intended to provide a focused national forum for engagement of senior cancer informatics leaders, primarily aimed at academic cancer centers anywhere in the world but with a special emphasis on the 70 National Cancer Institute-funded cancer centers. This consortium has regularly held topic-focused biannual face-to-face symposiums. These meetings are a place to review cancer informatics and data science priorities and initiatives, providing a forum for discussion of the strategic and pragmatic issues that we faced at our respective institutions and cancer centers. Here, we provide meeting highlights from the latest CI4CC Symposium, which was delayed from its original April 2020 schedule because of the COVID-19 pandemic and held virtually over three days (September 24, October 1, and October 8) in the fall of 2020. In addition to the content presented, we found that holding this event virtually once a week for 6 hours was a great way to keep the kind of deep engagement that a face-to-face meeting engenders. This is the second such publication of CI4CC Symposium highlights, the first covering the meeting that took place in Napa, California, from October 14-16, 2019. We conclude with some thoughts about using data science to learn from every child with cancer, focusing on emerging activities of the National Cancer Institute's Childhood Cancer Data Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Kerlavage
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Anne C Kirchhoff
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jaime M Guidry Auvil
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Kara L Davis
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Karlyne Reilly
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory Reaman
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lynne Penberthy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Dennis Deapen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amie Hwang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eric B Durbin
- University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olena Vaske
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Todd A Alonzo
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jenny N Poynter
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Erin E Hahn
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karen J Wernli
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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Courdy S, Hulse M, Nadaf S, Mao A, Pozhitkov A, Berger S, Chang J, Achuthan S, Kancharla C, Kunz I, Peddinti A, Sarmiento R, Seetharamu K, Kirkpatrick T, Dilsizian B, Morris M, Bonner JD, Gray SW, McDonnell K, Gruber SB. The City of Hope POSEIDON enterprise-wide platform for real-world data and evidence in cancer. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e18813 Background: The City of Hope Center for Precision Medicine developed an enterprise-wide platform and precision medicine program to unlock the research potential and clinical value of complex and unique datasets by combining patient data with comprehensive genomic profiling and proprietary analytics. POSEIDON (Precision Oncology Software Environment Interoperable Data Ontologies Network) is a secure, cloud-based Oncology Insights Engine enabling exploration, analysis, visualization, and collaboration on our patient clinico-genomic data along with public data sources. This platform enables investigators to access and visualize data from clinical and multi-omics data and provides an engine that can be utilized for cohort discovery and exploration, preliminary feasibility testing to deriving patient specific insights based on real world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE). Patients are consented through an IRB-approved protocol with active, opt-in participation. Methods: The POSEIDON Common Data Model (PCDM) is a standard, extensible data schema that incorporates patient data to support Precision Medicine. Data are incorporated from disparate data sources and stored in a combined harmonized manner promoting consistency of data and meaning across downstream applications. A multi-step process was created to capture and structure multiple data types into the PCDM. Natural language processing (NLP) tools are deployed to automate and structure valuable data elements from unstructured documents including pathology reports and clinical notes. NLP augmented software tools were developed to assist manual data abstractors to capture more complex terms and disease specific data elements which can include disease progression, progression free survival, and other outcomes. Results: Comprehensive data from 175,000 City of Hope patients are included within this environment for cohort exploration, longitudinal follow-up, outcomes, hypothesis development, and queries for synthetic controls. Data from disease specific-research registries constitute a rich dataset within POSEIDON by disease and tumor type, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, among other disease types. Automated genomic workflows were created to gain access to genomic profiling and whole exome sequencing. Genomic data is associated with the clinical data in the PCDM. Automated data flows from the Enterprise Data Warehouse EDW include data that is captured in discrete formats in the EDW and provided for in the PCDM and further enrich the data that flows from the disease registries. Statistically rigorous methods for de-identification are applied for collaborative studies. Conclusions: The City of Hope Center for Precision Medicine and the POSEIDON platform offer an exceptional resource for collaborative RWD & RWE studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Courdy
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Mark Hulse
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Sorena Nadaf
- Univ of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Allen Mao
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Stacy Berger
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jack Chang
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - Isaac Kunz
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin McDonnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Chatterjee K, Drea E, Smith R, Xue M, Lambert H, Scott J, Nadaf S, Blanc S, Varughese P, Verniero J. HSR21-047: Tumor Lysis Syndrome Risk Analysis in a US Community Oncology Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study in Integra Connect Network. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021. [DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mei Xue
- 2Integra Connect, West Palm Beach, FL
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Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Rollison DE, Basu A, Borowsky AD, Bui A, DiGiovanna J, Garcia-Closas M, Genkinger JM, Gerke T, Induni M, Lacey JV, Mirel L, Permuth JB, Saltz J, Shenkman EA, Ulrich CM, Zheng WJ, Nadaf S, Kibbe WA. Cancer Informatics for Cancer Centers (CI4CC): Building a Community Focused on Sharing Ideas and Best Practices to Improve Cancer Care and Patient Outcomes. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021; 4:108-116. [PMID: 32078367 PMCID: PMC7186581 DOI: 10.1200/cci.19.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer Informatics for Cancer Centers (CI4CC) is a grassroots, nonprofit 501c3 organization intended to provide a focused national forum for engagement of senior cancer informatics leaders, primarily aimed at academic cancer centers anywhere in the world but with a special emphasis on the 70 National Cancer Institute-funded cancer centers. Although each of the participating cancer centers is structured differently, and leaders' titles vary, we know firsthand there are similarities in both the issues we face and the solutions we achieve. As a consortium, we have initiated a dedicated listserv, an open-initiatives program, and targeted biannual face-to-face meetings. These meetings are a place to review our priorities and initiatives, providing a forum for discussion of the strategic and pragmatic issues we, as informatics leaders, individually face at our respective institutions and cancer centers. Here we provide a brief history of the CI4CC organization and meeting highlights from the latest CI4CC meeting that took place in Napa, California from October 14-16, 2019. The focus of this meeting was "intersections between informatics, data science, and population science." We conclude with a discussion on "hot topics" on the horizon for cancer informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science and Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Dana E Rollison
- Division of Quantitative Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Amrita Basu
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Alex Bui
- Medical and Imaging Informatics, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Marta Induni
- Cancer Registry of Greater California, Sacramento, CA
| | - James V Lacey
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Lisa Mirel
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.,Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Joel Saltz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Elizabeth A Shenkman
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - W Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Warren A Kibbe
- Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center, Raleigh, NC
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Mambetsariev I, Wang Y, Chen C, Nadaf S, Pharaon R, Fricke J, Amanam I, Amini A, Bild A, Chu P, Erhunmwunsee L, Kim J, Munu J, Pillai R, Raz D, Sampath S, Vora L, Qiu F, Smith L, Batra SK, Massarelli E, Koczywas M, Reckamp K, Salgia R. Precision medicine and actionable alterations in lung cancer: A single institution experience. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228188. [PMID: 32045431 PMCID: PMC7012442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oncology has become more reliant on new testing methods and a greater use of electronic medical records, which provide a plethora of information available to physicians and researchers. However, to take advantage of vital clinical and research data for precision medicine, we must initially make an effort to create an infrastructure for the collection, storage, and utilization of this information with uniquely designed disease-specific registries that could support the collection of a large number of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we perform an in-depth analysis of a series of lung adenocarcinoma patients (n = 415) with genomic and clinical data in a recently created thoracic patient registry. RESULTS Of the 415 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, 59% (n = 245) were female; the median age was 64 (range, 22-92) years with a median OS of 33.29 months (95% CI, 29.77-39.48). The most common actionable alterations were identified in EGFR (n = 177/415 [42.7%]), ALK (n = 28/377 [7.4%]), and BRAF V600E (n = 7/288 [2.4%]). There was also a discernible difference in survival for 222 patients, who had an actionable alteration, with a median OS of 39.8 months as compared to 193 wild-type patients with a median OS of 26.0 months (P<0.001). We identified an unprecedented number of actionable alterations [53.5% (222/415)], including distinct individual alteration rates, as compared with 15.0% and 22.3% in TCGA and GENIE respectively. CONCLUSION The use of patient registries, focused genomic panels and the appropriate use of clinical guidelines in community and academic settings may influence cohort selection for clinical trials and improve survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Chen Chen
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Sorena Nadaf
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Fricke
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Idoroenyi Amanam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Arya Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Peiguo Chu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Loretta Erhunmwunsee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Jae Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Munu
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Raju Pillai
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Dan Raz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Sagus Sampath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Lalit Vora
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Marianna Koczywas
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Reckamp
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
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Mambetsariev I, Nadaf S, Wang Y, Chen C, Hewelt B, Pharaon R, Massarelli E, Koczywas M, Reckamp KL, Salgia R. Precision medicine and actionable alterations in lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e20707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e20707 Background: In recent years, healthcare centers have become more reliant on the advent of new technology, testing methods and a greater use of electronic medical records, which provide a plethora of information available to physicians, researchers, and the medical community. This aggregate of information stands to be a powerful tool that can enable one to perform highly complex investigations more easily, as well as aid physicians in their efforts to provide personalized medicine to patients. However, in order to take advantage of vital clinical and research data, we must initially make an effort to create an effective infrastructure for the collection, storage, utilization, and protection of this information with uniquely designed disease-specific registries that have adequate informatics support to allow for the collection of a large number of patients. Methods: In this study, we perform an in-depth analysis of a series of lung adenocarcinoma patients (n = 415) with genomic and clinical data in a recently created thoracic patient registry. Results: Of the 415 patients in the analysis, 59% (n = 245) were female; the median age was 64 (range, 22-92) years with a median OS of 33.29 months (95% CI, 29.77-39.48). The frequency of the most commonly occurring oncogenes was 50% EGFR (n = 207/415), 28% KRAS (n = 97/352), and 7% ALK rearrangement (n = 28/377), while the most commonly occurring tumor suppressor genes consisted of TP53 (n = 140/283 [49%]), LRP1B (n = 63/228 [28%]), and STK11 (n = 39/278 [14%]). The most common actionable alterations were identified in EGFR L858R/exon 19 deletion (n = 177/415 [42.7%]), ALK rearrangement (n = 28/377 [7.4%]), ROS1 rearrangement (n = 3/257 [1.2%]), BRAF V600E (n = 7/288 [2.4%]) and MET exon 14 splice site/deletion (n = 7/287 [2.4%]). While there were no median OS differences in patients who were tested under a broad-panel vs small-panel (33.4 months vs 33.5 months; 95% CI; P = 0.36), there was a discernible difference in survival for 222 patients, who had an actionable alteration, with a median OS of 39.8 months as compared to 193 patients who were wild-type with a median OS of 26.0 months (95% CI; P < 0.001). In addition, we identified an unprecedented number of patients with actionable alterations [53.5% (222/415)], including distinct individual alteration rates, as compared with 15.0% and 22.3% in TCGA and GENIE respectively. Conclusions: The use of patient registries, focused genomic panels and the appropriate use of clinical guidelines in community and academic settings may influence cohort selection for clinical trials and improve survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sorena Nadaf
- Univ of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marianna Koczywas
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Rauen KA, Banerjee A, Bishop WR, Lauchle JO, McCormick F, McMahon M, Melese T, Munster PN, Nadaf S, Packer RJ, Sebolt-Leopold J, Viskochil DH. Costello and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes: Moving toward clinical trials in RASopathies. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2011; 157C:136-46. [PMID: 21495172 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The RASopathies, one of the largest groups of multiple congenital anomaly syndromes known, are caused by germline mutations in various genes encoding components of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The RASopathies have many overlapping characteristics, including craniofacial manifestations, cardiac malformations, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and ocular abnormalities, neurocognitive impairment, hypotonia, and an increased risk of developing cancer. Costello syndrome (CS) and cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome are two of the more rare RASopathies. CS is caused by activating mutations in HRAS, and CFC is caused by dysregulation of signaling in the Ras/MAPK pathway due to mutations in BRAF, MEK1, or MEK2. The Ras/MAPK pathway, which has been well-studied in cancer, is an attractive target for inhibition in the treatment of various malignancies utilizing small molecule therapeutics that specifically inhibit the pathway. With many inhibitors of the Ras/MAPK pathway in clinical trials, the notion of using these molecules to ameliorate developmental defects in CS and CFC is under consideration. CS and CFC, like other syndromes in their class, have a progressive phenotype and may be amenable to inhibition or normalization of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rauen
- Division of Medical Genetics at the University of California at San Francisco, USA.
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Cheng P, Yu B, Nadaf S, Carbone DP, Nacken W, Sorg C, Gabrilovich DI. A novel role of myeloid related protein in dendritic cell differentiation (49.11). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.49.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Abnormal differentiation of dendritic cell (DC) is a critical factor contributing into ineffective immune response in cancer. We have searched for the genes that could be involved into tumor-induced defects in DC differentiation and found that tumor-derived factors consistently up-regulated expression of myeloid related protein 14 (MRP14) and its partner MRP8 in hematopoietic progenitor and myeloid cells during DC differentiation. Normal DC differentiation was associated with dramatic down-regulation of MRP14/8, whereas accumulation of immature myeloid cells was associated with persistently high levels of these proteins. Overexpression of these proteins in embryonic stem cells resulted in inhibition of DC differentiation and accumulation of immature myeloid cells able to form myeloid colonies. It is known that Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) frequently accumulate in tumor-bearing mice and during in vitro DC differentiation in the presence of tumor-derived factors. We have found that in tumor-bearing mice MRP14/8 were exclusively accumulated in MDSC. Accumulation of these proteins was controlled by up-regulation of STAT3. MRP14/8 knockout mice had normal level of DCs or MDSC suggesting that MRP proteins were not required for accumulation of MDSC in cancer. Thus, this study demonstrates that tumor-induced up-regulation of MRPs inhibits DC differentiation, which may suggest a novel molecular mechanism of tumor-induced abnormalities in myeloid cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyan Cheng
- 1Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center,University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612,
| | - Bin Yu
- 1Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center,University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612,
| | - Sorena Nadaf
- 2The Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, 685 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232-6838,
| | - David P. Carbone
- 2The Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, 685 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232-6838,
| | - Wolfgang Nacken
- 3Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Muenster, Roentgenstr. 21, Muenster, 48149, Germany
| | - Clemens Sorg
- 3Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Muenster, Roentgenstr. 21, Muenster, 48149, Germany
| | - Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
- 1Immunology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center,University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612,
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10
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Oyama T, Sugio K, Uramoto H, Kawamoto T, Kagawa N, Nadaf S, Carbone D, Yasumoto K. Cytochrome P450 expression (CYP) in non-small cell lung cancer. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2007; 12:2299-308. [PMID: 17127240 DOI: 10.2741/2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) is associated with tumor development and progression as well as activation of anti-cancer prodrugs and their metabolic clearance. In this study, we investigated the expression of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AH-R) and four CYPs (CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A) as putative diagnostic markers in 78 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) along with clinical features of the patients. In non-small cell lung cancer, the expression of the five markers was mainly observed in adenocarcinoma but not in the most squamous cell cancers. The expression of them in adenocarcinoma was more frequent in females than in males, suggesting that a higher risk of women for developing lung adenocarcinoma might be associated with the frequent expression of AH-R and the CYPs. These factors were also more frequently expressed in early stage adenocarcinoma and more differentiated adenocarcinoma. Multiple types of CYPs are more frequently expressed in early stage of adenocarcinoma than in advanced stage of adenocarcinoma. There were positive relationships among AH-R, CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and CYP3A expressions in adenocarcinoma, which suggests a metabolite-mediated cross talk in the gene regulation of these markers. However, any of them was unrelated with the expression of CYP2A6, suggesting that the gene regulation of CYP2A6 in adenocarcinoma may be different from the other three CYPs. The expression frequency of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in tumors is independent of their genetic polymorphism. The survival of the patients with advanced adenocarcinoma expressing more than one of CYPs was lower rate than the patients with those expressing no CYPs, suggesting that the expression of the CYPs in advanced adenocarcinoma may be associated with poor survival. Our results suggest that AH-R and 4 CYPs may be good markers for the determination of quality of lung cancer. The information could be useful for the better management of lung cancer by molecular targeting therapy and selection of anti-cancer drug based on individual spectrum of the marker proteins. Therefore, the spectrum of CYP proteins in lung cancer could be useful for changing the present "order-made" therapy to the "tailor-made" therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehiro Oyama
- Second Department of Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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11
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Csiki I, Yanagisawa K, Haruki N, Nadaf S, Morrow JD, Johnson DH, Carbone DP. Thioredoxin-1 modulates transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 via hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66:143-50. [PMID: 16397226 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic induction of gene expression occurs mainly via the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor and is a critical step in tumor growth. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is commonly overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we sought to determine the role of HIF-1 in the induction of COX-2 expression during hypoxia. Through sequence comparison of hypoxia-responsive genes, COX-2 promoter deletion analysis, and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a hypoxia-responsive element within the COX-2 promoter that interacts with HIF-1alpha and underlies the mechanism of hypoxic activation of COX-2 in lung cancer cells. Proteomic analysis of NSCLC identified thioredoxin-1 as a redox protein overexpressed in NSCLC correlated with poor prognosis. We also show that thioredoxin-1 stabilizes HIF-1alpha to induce hypoxia-responsive genes under normoxic conditions. Our results identify two new mechanisms for regulation of COX-2 expression in NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Enzyme Induction
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/pharmacology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/physiology
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Thioredoxins/biosynthesis
- Thioredoxins/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Csiki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6838, USA
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12
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Carbone DP, Ciernik IF, Kelley MJ, Smith MC, Nadaf S, Kavanaugh D, Maher VE, Stipanov M, Contois D, Johnson BE, Pendleton CD, Seifert B, Carter C, Read EJ, Greenblatt J, Top LE, Kelsey MI, Minna JD, Berzofsky JA. Immunization with mutant p53- and K-ras-derived peptides in cancer patients: immune response and clinical outcome. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:5099-107. [PMID: 15983396 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the ability to induce tumor-specific immunity with individual mutant K-ras-or p53-derived peptides and to monitor clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients in varying stages of disease underwent genetic analysis for mutations in K-ras and p53. Thirty-nine patients were enrolled. Seventeen-mer peptides were custom synthesized to the corresponding mutation. Baseline immunity was assessed for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) release from mutant peptide-primed lymphocytes. Patients' peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were pulsed with the corresponding peptide, irradiated, and applied intravenously. Patients were observed for CTL, IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL) -2, IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor responses, for treatment-related toxicity, and for tumor response. RESULTS No toxicity was observed. Ten (26%) of 38 patients had detectable CTL against mutant p53 or K-ras, and two patients were positive for CTL at baseline. Positive IFN-gamma responses occurred in 16 patients (42%) after vaccination, whereas four patients had positive IFN-gamma reaction before vaccination. Of 29 patients with evident disease, five experienced a period of stable disease. Favorable prognostic markers were detectable CTL activity and a positive IFN-gamma reaction but not IL-5 release. Median survival times of 393 v 98 days for a positive versus negative CTL response (P = .04), respectively, and of 470 v 88 days for a positive versus negative IFN-gamma response (P = .02), respectively, were detected. CONCLUSION Custom-made peptide vaccination is feasible without any toxicity. CTL and cytokine responses specific to a given mutation can be induced or enhanced with peptide vaccines. Cellular immunity to mutant p53 and K-ras oncopeptides is associated with longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Carbone
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Concology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Min Y, Adachi Y, Yamamoto H, Imsumran A, Arimura Y, Endo T, Hinoda Y, Lee CT, Nadaf S, Carbone DP, Imai K. Insulin-like growth factor I receptor blockade enhances chemotherapy and radiation responses and inhibits tumour growth in human gastric cancer xenografts. Gut 2005; 54:591-600. [PMID: 15831900 PMCID: PMC1774471 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.048926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I receptor (IGF-Ir) signalling is required for carcinogenicity and proliferation of many tumours but this pathway has not been studied in detail in gastric cancer. We have previously shown successful therapy for colorectal, pancreatic, and lung cancer using recombinant adenoviruses expressing dominant negative (dn) IGF-Ir. In this study, we sought to better dissect the role of IGF-Ir on progression of gastric cancer and determine whether IGF-Ir targeted adenoviruses represent potentially effective therapeutics for human gastric cancer. METHODS We assessed the effect of IGF-Ir ligands on proliferation and survival in gastric cancer cells in culture. Then, recombinant adenoviruses expressing truncated IGF-Ir (482 and 950 amino acids long, IGF-Ir/dn) that function as dn inhibitors were studied in the treatment of human gastric cancer xenografts. We characterised the effects of IGF-Ir/dn on signalling blockade, growth, apoptosis induction, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS IGF-Ir signalling promoted tumour growth and survival in gastric cancer. IGF-Ir/dn expression suppressed tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo and upregulated stressor induced apoptosis. IGF-Ir/dn blocked Akt-1 activation induced by IGF-I, IGF-II, and des(1-3)IGF-I, but not by insulin. IGF-Ir/dn expression increased radiation and chemotherapy induced apoptosis and the combination of IGF-Ir/dn and chemotherapy was very effective against tumours in mice. In an intraperitoneal model, IGF-Ir/dn therapy also suppressed peritoneal dissemination. CONCLUSIONS IGF-Ir is involved in the regulation of survival and cell growth in human gastric cancer and may be a good molecular therapeutic target. Adenovirus-IGF-Ir/dn may thus have therapeutic use in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Min
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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14
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Dikov MM, Ohm JE, Ray N, Tchekneva EE, Burlison J, Moghanaki D, Nadaf S, Carbone DP. Differential roles of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in dendritic cell differentiation. J Immunol 2005; 174:215-22. [PMID: 15611243 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired Ag-presenting function in dendritic cells (DCs) due to abnormal differentiation is an important mechanism of tumor escape from immune control. A major role for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, VEGFR1/Flt-1 and VEGFR2/KDR/Flk-1, has been documented in hemopoietic development. To study the roles of each of these receptors in DC differentiation, we used an in vitro system of myeloid DC differentiation from murine embryonic stem cells. Exposure of wild-type, VEGFR1(-/-), or VEGFR2(-/-) embryonic stem cells to exogenous VEGF or the VEGFR1-specific ligand, placental growth factor, revealed distinct roles of VEGF receptors. VEGFR1 is the primary mediator of the VEGF inhibition of DC maturation, whereas VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase signaling is essential for early hemopoietic differentiation, but only marginally affects final DC maturation. SU5416, a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, only partially rescued the mature DC phenotype in the presence of VEGF, suggesting the involvement of both tyrosine kinase-dependent and independent inhibitory mechanisms. VEGFR1 signaling was sufficient for blocking NF-kappaB activation in bone marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells. VEGF and placental growth factor affect the early stages of myeloid/DC differentiation. The data suggest that therapeutic strategies attempting to reverse the immunosuppressive effects of VEGF in cancer patients might be more effective if they specifically targeted VEGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail M Dikov
- Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, 648 PB, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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15
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Lee CT, Park KH, Yanagisawa K, Adachi Y, Ohm JE, Nadaf S, Dikov MM, Curiel DT, Carbone DP. Combination Therapy with Conditionally Replicating Adenovirus and Replication Defective Adenovirus. Cancer Res 2004; 64:6660-5. [PMID: 15374981 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low gene transfer rate is the most substantial hurdle in the practical application of gene therapy. One strategy to improve transfer efficiency is the use of a conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAD) that can selectively replicate in tumor cells. We hypothesized that conventional E1-deleted adenoviruses (ad) can become replication-competent when cotransduced with a CRAD to selectively supply E1 in trans in tumors. The resulting selective production of large numbers of the E1-deleted ad within the tumor mass will increase the transduction efficiency. We used a CRAD (Delta24RGD) that produces a mutant E1 without the ability to bind retinoblastoma but retaining viral replication competence in cancer cells with a defective pRb/p16. Ad-lacZ, adenovirus-luciferase (ad-luc), and adenovirus insulin-like growth factor-1R/dominant-negative (ad-IGF-1R/dn; 482, 950) are E1-deleted replication-defective adenoviruses. The combination of CRAD and ad-lacZ increased the transduction efficiency of lacZ to 100% from 15% observed with ad-lacZ alone. Transfer of media of CRAD and ad-lacZ cotransduced cells induced the transfer of lacZ (media transferable bystander effect). Combination of CRAD and ad-IGF-1R/dn increased the production of truncated IGF-1R or soluble IGF-1R > 10 times compared with transduction with ad-IGF-1R/dn alone. Combined intratumoral injection of CRAD and ad-luc increased the luciferase expression about 70 times compared with ad-luc alone without substantial systemic spread. Combined intratumoral injection of CRAD and ad-IGF-1R/482 induced stronger growth suppression of established lung cancer xenografts than single injections. The combination of CRAD and E1-deleted ad induced tumor-specific replication of CRAD and E1-deleted ad and increased the transduction rate and therapeutic efficacy of these viruses in model tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Taek Lee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37322-6838, USA
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16
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Yamagata N, Shyr Y, Yanagisawa K, Edgerton M, Dang TP, Gonzalez A, Nadaf S, Larsen P, Roberts JR, Nesbitt JC, Jensen R, Levy S, Moore JH, Minna JD, Carbone DP. A training-testing approach to the molecular classification of resected non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:4695-704. [PMID: 14581339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE RNA expression patterns associated with non-small cell lung cancer subclassification have been reported, but there are substantial differences in the key genes and clinical features of these subsets casting doubt on their biological significance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we used a training-testing approach to test the reliability of cDNA microarray-based classifications of resected human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) analyzed by cDNA microarray. RESULTS Groups of genes were identified that were able to differentiate primary tumors from normal lung and lung metastases, as well as identify known histological subgroups of NSCLCs. Groups of genes were identified to discriminate sample clusters. A blinded confirmatory set of tumors was correctly classified by using these patterns. Some histologically diagnosed large cell tumors were clearly classified by expression profile analysis as being either adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, indicating that this group of tumors may not be genetically homogeneous. High alpha-actinin-4 expression was identified as highly correlated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that gene expression profiling can identify molecular classes of resected NSCLCs that correctly classifies a blinded test cohort, and correlates with and supplements standard histological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Yamagata
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6838, USA
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17
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Min Y, Adachi Y, Yamamoto H, Ito H, Itoh F, Lee CT, Nadaf S, Carbone DP, Imai K. Genetic blockade of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor: a promising strategy for human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2003; 63:6432-41. [PMID: 14559833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor (IGF-Ir) signaling is required for maintenance of growth and tumorigenicity of many tumors, but this pathway has not been well studied in pancreatic cancer. We have shown previously successful therapy in colorectal and lung cancer xenograft models using recombinant adenoviruses expressing dominant negative IGF-I receptors. In this study, we sought to better dissect the mechanism of action of this virus and determine whether IGF-Ir targeted adenoviruses represent potentially effective therapeutics for human pancreatic cancer cells. Truncated IGF-I receptors (IGF-Ir/dn; 482 and 950 amino acids long, respectively, IGF-Ir/482st and IGF-Ir/950st) that function as dominant negative inhibitor were cloned into recombinant adenoviruses and used to treat human pancreatic cancer cells. We assessed the effect of IGF-Ir/dn on signaling blockade, growth, stress response, chemotherapy, radiation-induced apoptosis, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy in xenografts. IGF-Ir/dn expression suppressed tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo and up-regulated stressor-induced apoptosis. It effectively blocked both IGF-I and IGF-II-induced activation of Akt-1. IGF-Ir/dn expression increased radiation and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and the combination therapy of IGF-Ir/dn with chemotherapy was very effective against tumors in mice. In an i.p. model, IGF-Ir/dn therapy reduced dissemination and prolonged survival times. Moreover, IGF-Ir/482st was more effective than IGF-Ir/950st because of its bystander effect. The antitumor activity of IGF-Ir/dn is mediated through inhibition of Akt-1 and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy. Adenovirus-IGF-Ir/482st may be a useful anticancer therapeutic for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfen Min
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1 W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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18
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Yanagisawa K, Shyr Y, Xu BJ, Massion PP, Larsen PH, White BC, Roberts JR, Edgerton M, Gonzalez A, Nadaf S, Moore JH, Caprioli RM, Carbone DP. Proteomic patterns of tumour subsets in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lancet 2003; 362:433-9. [PMID: 12927430 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomics-based approaches complement the genome initiatives and may be the next step in attempts to understand the biology of cancer. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry directly from 1-mm regions of single frozen tissue sections for profiling of protein expression from surgically resected tissues to classify lung tumours. METHODS Proteomic spectra were obtained and aligned from 79 lung tumours and 14 normal lung tissues. We built a class-prediction model with the proteomic patterns in a training cohort of 42 lung tumours and eight normal lung samples, and assessed their statistical significance. We then applied this model to a blinded test cohort, including 37 lung tumours and six normal lung samples, to estimate the misclassification rate. FINDINGS We obtained more than 1600 protein peaks from histologically selected 1 mm diameter regions of single frozen sections from each tissue. Class-prediction models based on differentially expressed peaks enabled us to perfectly classify lung cancer histologies, distinguish primary tumours from metastases to the lung from other sites, and classify nodal involvement with 85% accuracy in the training cohort. This model nearly perfectly classified samples in the independent blinded test cohort. We also obtained a proteomic pattern comprised of 15 distinct mass spectrometry peaks that distinguished between patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer who had poor prognosis (median survival 6 months, n=25) and those who had good prognosis (median survival 33 months, n=41, p<0.0001). INTERPRETATION Proteomic patterns obtained directly from small amounts of fresh frozen lung-tumour tissue could be used to accurately classify and predict histological groups as well as nodal involvement and survival in resected non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Lee CT, Park KH, Yanagisawa K, Dikov MM, Nadaf S, Roberts JR, Curiel DT, Carbone DP. O-155 Combined gene therapy with conditionally replicating adenovirus and replication defective adenovirus improves the efficacy of gene therapy. Lung Cancer 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(03)91813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ohm JE, Gabrilovich DI, Sempowski GD, Kisseleva E, Parman KS, Nadaf S, Carbone DP. VEGF inhibits T-cell development and may contribute to tumor-induced immune suppression. Blood 2003; 101:4878-86. [PMID: 12586633 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-07-1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell defects and premature thymic atrophy occur in cancer patients and tumor-bearing animals. We demonstrate that exposure of mice to recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at concentrations similar to those observed in advanced stage cancer patients reproduces this profound thymic atrophy and is highlighted by a dramatic reduction in CD4+/CD8+ thymocytes. We find that VEGF does not induce thymocyte apoptosis, but instead rapidly decreases the number of the earliest observable progenitors in the thymus. VEGF does not inhibit thymocyte development in fetal thymic organ culture, further suggesting a prethymic effect. We also demonstrate that bone marrow progenitors from animals infused with recombinant VEGF and transferred to irradiated untreated animals recolonize the thymus more efficiently than progenitors from control animals. This suggests that VEGF exposure is associated with an increased population of thymus-committed progenitors in the bone marrow. We hypothesize that pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of VEGF may block the differentiation and/or emigration of these progenitors resulting in the observed thymic atrophy. Removal of VEGF via cessation of infusion or adoptive transfer of progenitors to a congenic host induces a preferential commitment of lymphoid progenitors to the T lineage and results in a restoration of the normal composition and cellularity of the thymus. These data demonstrate that at pathophysiologic concentrations, VEGF interferes with the development of T cells from early hematopoetic progenitor cells and this may contribute to tumor-associated immune deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce E Ohm
- Department of Cancer Biology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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21
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Gabrilovich DI, Cheng P, Fan Y, Yu B, Nikitina E, Sirotkin A, Shurin M, Oyama T, Adachi Y, Nadaf S, Carbone DP, Skoultchi AI. H1° histone and differentiation of dendritic cells. A molecular target for tumor‐derived factors. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pingyan Cheng
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Yuhong Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Bin Yu
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Allen Sirotkin
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Michael Shurin
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Tsunehiro Oyama
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yasushi Adachi
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sorena Nadaf
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David P. Carbone
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Arthur I. Skoultchi
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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22
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Gabrilovich DI, Cheng P, Fan Y, Yu B, Nikitina E, Sirotkin A, Shurin M, Oyama T, Adachi Y, Nadaf S, Carbone DP, Skoultchi AI. H1(0) histone and differentiation of dendritic cells. A molecular target for tumor-derived factors. J Leukoc Biol 2002; 72:285-96. [PMID: 12149419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in antitumor immune responses. Abnormal differentiation of DC and their inability to stimulate T cells are important factors in tumor escape from immune-system control. However, the mechanisms of this process remain elusive. Here, we have described one possible molecular mechanism that involves replacement linker histone H1 (0). A close association between expression of H1(0) and DC differentiation in vitro has been found. DC production in H1(0) -deficient mice was decreased significantly, whereas generation and function of macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes appear to be normal. However, these mice had a significantly reduced response to vaccination with antigens. Tumor-derived factors considerably reduced H1(0) expression in hematopoietic progenitor cells. We have demonstrated that transcription factor NF-kappaB is involved actively in regulation of H1(0). Thus, H1(0) histone may be an important factor in normal DC differentiation. Tumor-derived factors may inhibit DC differentiation by affecting H1(0) expression.
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23
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Dikov MM, Oyama T, Cheng P, Takahashi T, Takahashi K, Sepetavec T, Edwards B, Adachi Y, Nadaf S, Daniel T, Gabrilovich DI, Carbone DP. Vascular endothelial growth factor effects on nuclear factor-kappaB activation in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cancer Res 2001; 61:2015-21. [PMID: 11280761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibits of the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), and this is associated with alterations in the development of multiple lineages of hematopoietic cells and defective immune induction in tumor-bearing animals. Antibodies to VEGF have been shown to abrogate this effect. The mechanism by which VEGF antagonizes the induction of NF-kappaB was investigated in this study. Using supershift electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, we found that although tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of p65-containing complexes, VEGF alone induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of the complexes containing RelB. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. VEGF effectively blocked TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in HPCs from RelB-/- mice, however, similar to the effect observed in HPCs obtained from RelB+/- and RelB+/+ mice. This suggests that RelB is not required for VEGF to inhibit NF-kappaB activation. However, although TNF-alpha induced rapid activation of IkappaB kinase (IKK) as expected, this activity was substantially reduced in the presence of VEGF. This decreased IKK activation correlated with the inhibition of IkappaB alpha phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB alpha and IkappaB epsilon in HPCs. VEGF alone, however, did not have any effect on phosphorylation of IkappaB alpha or degradation of IkappaB alpha and other inhibitory molecules IkappaB beta, IkappaB epsilon, or Bcl-3. SU5416, a potent inhibitor of the VEGF receptor I (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2 receptor tyrosine kinases, did not abolish the inhibitory effect of VEGF, indicating that the VEGF effect is mediated by a mechanism unrelated to VEGFR1 or VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase activity. Thus, VEGF appears to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation by VEGFR kinase-independent inhibition of IKK. Therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming VEGF-mediated defects in immune induction in tumor-bearing hosts will need to target this kinase-independent pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- DNA/metabolism
- Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Humans
- I-kappa B Kinase
- I-kappa B Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism
- Lymphokines/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Transcription Factor RelB
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dikov
- The Vanderbilt Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6838, USA
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Almand B, Resser JR, Lindman B, Nadaf S, Clark JI, Kwon ED, Carbone DP, Gabrilovich DI. Clinical significance of defective dendritic cell differentiation in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:1755-66. [PMID: 10815894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Defective dendritic cell (DC) function has been described previously in cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice. It can be an important factor in the escape of tumors from immune system control. However, the mechanism and clinical significance of this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, 93 patients with breast, head and neck, and lung cancer were investigated. The function of peripheral blood and tumor draining lymph node DCs was equally impaired in cancer patients, consistent with a systemic rather than a local effect of tumor on DCs. The number of DCs was dramatically reduced in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. This decrease was associated with the accumulation of cells lacking markers of mature hematopoietic cells. The presence of these immature cells was closely associated with the stage and duration of the disease. Surgical removal of tumor resulted in partial reversal of the observed effects. The presence of immature cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients was closely associated with an increased plasma level of vascular endothelial growth factor but not interleukin 6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 10, or transforming growth factor-beta and was decreased in lung cancer patients receiving therapy with antivascular endothelial growth factor antibodies. These data indicate that defective DC function in cancer patients is the result of decreased numbers of competent DCs and the accumulation of immature cells. This effect may have significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Almand
- Department of Medicine and The Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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25
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Gabrilovich DI, Ishida T, Nadaf S, Ohm JE, Carbone DP. Antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by improving endogenous dendritic cell function. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5:2963-70. [PMID: 10537366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate function of dendritic cells (DCs) in tumor-bearing hosts is one mechanism of tumor escape from immune system control and may compromise the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), produced by most tumors, not only plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis but also can inhibit the maturation of DCs from hematopoietic progenitors. Here, we investigate a novel combination of antiangiogenic and immunotherapy based on this dual role of VEGF. Two s.c. mouse tumor models were used: D459 cells, expressing mutant human p53; and MethA sarcoma with point mutations in the endogenous murine p53 gene. Therapy with anti-mouse VEGF antibody (10 microg i.p. twice a week over 4 weeks) was initiated when tumors became palpable. Treatment of established tumors with anti-VEGF antibody alone did not affect the rate of tumor growth. However, anti-VEGF antibody significantly improved the number and function of lymph node and spleen DCs in these tumor-bearing animals. To investigate the possible effects of this antibody on the immunotherapy of established tumors, tumor-bearing mice were immunized with DCs pulsed with the corresponding mutation-specific p53 peptides, together with injections of anti-VEGF antibody. Therapy with peptide-pulsed DCs alone resulted in considerable slowing of tumor growth but only during the period of treatment, and tumor growth resumed after the end of the therapy. Combined treatment with peptide-pulsed DCs and anti-VEGF antibody resulted in a prolonged and much more pronounced antitumor effect. This effect was associated with the induction of significant anti-p53 CTL responses only in this group of mice. These data suggest that inhibition of VEGF may be a valuable adjuvant in the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Gabrilovich
- Department of Medicine and The Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6838, USA.
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26
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Ishida T, Chada S, Stipanov M, Nadaf S, Ciernik FI, Gabrilovich DI, Carbone DP. Dendritic cells transduced with wild-type p53 gene elicit potent anti-tumour immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 117:244-51. [PMID: 10444254 PMCID: PMC1905349 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we have tested the concept of using wild-type p53 gene for immunotherapy of cancer. Dendritic cells (DC) were transduced with a human wild-type p53 containing recombinant adenovirus (Ad-p53). About a half of DC transduced with this virus expressed p53 protein by FACS analysis 48 h after infection. Mice immunized twice with Ad-p53 DC developed substantial cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against tumour cells expressing wild-type and different mutant human and murine p53 genes. Very low CTL responses were observed against target cells infected with control adenovirus (Ad-c). Immunization with Ad-p53 provided complete tumour protection in 85% of mice challenged with tumour cells expressing human mutant p53 and in 72.7% of mice challenged with tumour cells with murine mutant p53. Treatment with Ad-p53-transduced DC significantly slowed the growth of established tumours. Thus, DC transduced with wild-type p53 may be a promising new tool for the immunotherapy of cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Genes, p53/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Sarcoma, Experimental/genetics
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/therapy
- Transfection/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Gabrilovich D, Ishida T, Oyama T, Ran S, Kravtsov V, Nadaf S, Carbone DP. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits the development of dendritic cells and dramatically affects the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic lineages in vivo. Blood 1998; 92:4150-66. [PMID: 9834220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective function of dendritic cells (DC) in cancer has been recently described and may represent one of the mechanisms of tumor evasion from immune system control. We have previously shown in vitro that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), produced by almost all tumors, is one of the tumor-derived factors responsible for the defective function of these cells. In this study, we investigated whether in vivo infusion of recombinant VEGF could reproduce the observed DC dysfunction. Continuous VEGF infusion, at rates as low as 50 ng/h (resulting in serum VEGF concentrations of 120 to 160 pg/mL), resulted in a dramatic inhibition of dendritic cell development, associated with an increase in the production of B cells and immature Gr-1(+) myeloid cells. Infusion of VEGF was associated with inhibition of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in bone marrow progenitor cells. Experiments in vitro showed that VEGF itself, and not factors released by VEGF-activated endothelial cells, affected polypotent stem cells resulting in the observed abnormal hematopoiesis. These data suggest that VEGF, at pathologically relevant concentrations in vivo, may exert effects on pluripotent stem cells that result in blocked DC development as well as affect many other hematopoietic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gabrilovich
- Department of Medicine and The Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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28
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Oyama T, Ran S, Ishida T, Nadaf S, Kerr L, Carbone DP, Gabrilovich DI. Vascular endothelial growth factor affects dendritic cell maturation through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation in hemopoietic progenitor cells. J Immunol 1998; 160:1224-32. [PMID: 9570538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), produced by almost all tumor cells, affects the ability of hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) to differentiate into functional dendritic cells (DC) during the early stages of their maturation. In this study we demonstrate specific binding of VEGF to HPC. This binding was efficiently competed by placenta growth factor (PIGF), a ligand reportedly specific for the Flt-1 receptor. The number of binding sites for VEGF decreased during DC maturation in vitro associated with decreased levels of mRNA for Flt-1. VEGF significantly inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)-dependent activation of reporter gene transcription during the first 24 h in culture. The presence of VEGF significantly decreased the specific DNA binding of NF-kappa B as early as 30 min after induction with TNF-alpha. This was followed on days 7 to 10 by decreases in the mRNA for RelB and c-Rel, two subunits of NF-kappa B. Blockade of NF-kappa B activity in HPC at early stages of differentiation with an adenovirus expressing a dominant I kappa B inhibitor of NF-kappa B reproduced the pattern of effects observed with VEGF. Thus, NF-kappa B plays an important role in maturation of HPCs to DC, and VEGF activation of the Flt-1 receptor is able to block the activation of NF-kappa B in this system. Blockade of NF-kappa B activation in HPCs by tumor-derived factors may therefore be a mechanism by which tumor cells can directly down-modulate the ability of the immune system to generate effective antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oyama
- The Vanderbilt Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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29
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Oyama T, Ran S, Ishida T, Nadaf S, Kerr L, Carbone DP, Gabrilovich DI. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Affects Dendritic Cell Maturation Through the Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells. The Journal of Immunology 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.3.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), produced by almost all tumor cells, affects the ability of hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) to differentiate into functional dendritic cells (DC) during the early stages of their maturation. In this study we demonstrate specific binding of VEGF to HPC. This binding was efficiently competed by placenta growth factor (PlGF), a ligand reportedly specific for the Flt-1 receptor. The number of binding sites for VEGF decreased during DC maturation in vitro associated with decreased levels of mRNA for Flt-1. VEGF significantly inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent activation of reporter gene transcription during the first 24 h in culture. The presence of VEGF significantly decreased the specific DNA binding of NF-κB as early as 30 min after induction with TNF-α. This was followed on days 7 to 10 by decreases in the mRNA for RelB and c-Rel, two subunits of NF-κB. Blockade of NF-κB activity in HPC at early stages of differentiation with an adenovirus expressing a dominant IκB inhibitor of NF-κB reproduced the pattern of effects observed with VEGF. Thus, NF-κB plays an important role in maturation of HPCs to DC, and VEGF activation of the Flt-1 receptor is able to block the activation of NF-κB in this system. Blockade of NF-κB activation in HPCs by tumor-derived factors may therefore be a mechanism by which tumor cells can directly down-modulate the ability of the immune system to generate effective antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehiro Oyama
- *The Vanderbilt Cancer Center and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Sophia Ran
- ‡Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75287
| | - Tadao Ishida
- *The Vanderbilt Cancer Center and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Sorena Nadaf
- *The Vanderbilt Cancer Center and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Lawrence Kerr
- †Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and
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30
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Gabrilovich D, Kavanaugh D, Ishida T, Ovama I, Lee CJ, Nadaf S, Sepetavec T, Jensen R, Gazdar A, Ciernik I, Corak J, Berzofsky J, Carbone DP. Induction of p53ras specific cellular immunity in patients with common solid tumors. Lung Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(97)83913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Gabrilovich DI, Chen HL, Girgis KR, Cunningham HT, Meny GM, Nadaf S, Kavanaugh D, Carbone DP. Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells. Nat Med 1996; 2:1096-103. [PMID: 8837607 DOI: 10.1038/nm1096-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1337] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate presentation of tumor antigens by host professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells (DCs), is one potential mechanism for the escape of tumors from the host immune system. Here, we show that human cancer cell lines release a soluble factor or factors that dramatically affect DC maturation from precursors without affecting the function of relatively mature DCs. One factor responsible for these effects was identified as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Thus, VEGF may play a broader role in the pathogenesis of cancer than was previously thought, and therapeutic blockade of VEGF action may improve prospects for immunotherapy as well as inhibit tumor neovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Gabrilovich
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75325, USA
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32
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Chen HL, Gabrilovich D, Tampé R, Girgis KR, Nadaf S, Carbone DP. A functionally defective allele of TAP1 results in loss of MHC class I antigen presentation in a human lung cancer. Nat Genet 1996; 13:210-3. [PMID: 8640228 DOI: 10.1038/ng0696-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumours express a variety of novel epitopes which represent potential immune targets, and thus clinically evident tumours are thought to have effectively avoided immune recognition and elimination. Transporters associated with antigen presentation (TAP) are thought to be responsible for conveying intracellular peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for complex formation with class I MHC and subsequent recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this study, we evaluated 79 human solid tumours and cell lines for genetic abnormalities in TAP1 that might have led to an acquired loss of antigen presenting ability. A novel sequence (R659Q) was discovered near the ATP binding site in a human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line, H1436. This cell line is heterozygous for this allele, but only the R659Q allele is transcribed into RNA. Even though the R659Q protein is expressed, these cells act as if they were TAP deficient by peptide binding and antigen presentation studies, which are restored after transfection of a functional TAP1 allele. This is the first evidence for a naturally occuring protein structural defect resulting in defective peptide transport in a human solid tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Chen
- Harmon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8593, USA
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33
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Gabrilovich DI, Nadaf S, Corak J, Berzofsky JA, Carbone DP. Dendritic cells in antitumor immune responses. II. Dendritic cells grown from bone marrow precursors, but not mature DC from tumor-bearing mice, are effective antigen carriers in the therapy of established tumors. Cell Immunol 1996; 170:111-9. [PMID: 8665591 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1996.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antitumor CTL responses were studied in a model tumor hearing a mutant human p53 gene. We found ineffective induction of antitumor CTL in mice bearing these tumors associated with measurable defects in the function of dendritic cells (DC) from these animals. In this study we investigate the mechanism of this defect in mature DC and find that functional DC can be generated by growth from the bone marrow of tumor-hearing animals. Tumor cell supernatants did not affect the function of mature DC obtained from the spleen of tumor-bearing animals, but significantly suppressed the ability to generate functional DC from the bone marrow of control mice in vitro. This suggests that tumor cells may release factors which block early stages of DC maturation from precursors. DC generated from the bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice showed normal potential to stimulate allogeneic T cells, to stimulate anti-mutant p53 peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells, and to induce anti-p53 CTL responses in vivo in control mice. Repeated immunization with peptide-pulsed DC generated from the bone marrow of control mice (every 4-5 days) blocked progression of established tumors. Immunization of mice with peptide-pulsed DC obtained from the spleen of tumor-bearing mice (4 weeks after tumor injection) did not affect the tumor growth, whereas immunization with peptide-pulsed DC generated from bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice resulted in significantly prolonged survival and delayed tumor growth. Tumor progression was associated with change of the balance Th1/Th2 cells in favor of the Th2-like cytokine profile, while effective immunization was associated with a shift to the Th1 phenotype. Thus, frequent immunization of mice with mutant p53 peptide-pulsed DC generated from stem cells of tumor-bearing hosts can induce effective antitumor CTL responses associated with production of Th1 cells and lead to significant antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Gabrilovich
- Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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