1
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Malewana RD, Stalls V, May A, Lu X, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Li D, Barr M, Sutherland LL, Lee E, Parks R, Beck WE, Newman A, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, DeMarco CT, Denny TN, Oguin TH, Rountree W, Wang Y, Mansouri K, Edwards RJ, Sempowski GD, Eaton A, Muramatsu H, Henderson R, Tam Y, Barbosa C, Tang J, Cain DW, Santra S, Moore IN, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Golding H, Seder R, Khurana S, Montefiori DC, Pardi N, Weissman D, Baric RS, Acharya P, Haynes BF, Saunders KO. Broadly neutralizing antibody induction by non-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA vaccination in nonhuman primates. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.18.572191. [PMID: 38187726 PMCID: PMC10769253 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunization with mRNA or viral vectors encoding spike with diproline substitutions (S-2P) has provided protective immunity against severe COVID-19 disease. How immunization with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike elicits neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against difficult-to-neutralize variants of concern (VOCs) remains an area of great interest. Here, we compare immunization of macaques with mRNA vaccines expressing ancestral spike either including or lacking diproline substitutions, and show the diproline substitutions were not required for protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge or induction of broadly neutralizing B cell lineages. One group of nAbs elicited by the ancestral spike lacking diproline substitutions targeted the outer face of the receptor binding domain (RBD), neutralized all tested SARS-CoV-2 VOCs including Omicron XBB.1.5, but lacked cross-Sarbecovirus neutralization. Structural analysis showed that the macaque broad SARS-CoV-2 VOC nAbs bound to the same epitope as a human broad SARS-CoV-2 VOC nAb, DH1193. Vaccine-induced antibodies that targeted the RBD inner face neutralized multiple Sarbecoviruses, protected mice from bat CoV RsSHC014 challenge, but lacked Omicron variant neutralization. Thus, ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike lacking proline substitutions encoded by nucleoside-modified mRNA can induce B cell lineages binding to distinct RBD sites that either broadly neutralize animal and human Sarbecoviruses or recent Omicron VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dilshan Malewana
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Victoria Stalls
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aaron May
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura L. Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Esther Lee
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Whitney Edwards Beck
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Newman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin W. Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Bianca M. Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - C. Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N. Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas H. Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ying Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, LLC, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Juanjie Tang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - Derek W. Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ian N. Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | | | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - Robert Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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2
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Brickey WJ, Caudell DL, Macintyre AN, Olson JD, Dai Y, Li S, Dugan GO, Bourland JD, O’Donnell LM, Tooze JA, Huang G, Yang S, Guo H, French MN, Schorzman AN, Zamboni WC, Sempowski GD, Li Z, Owzar K, Chao NJ, Cline JM, Ting JPY. The TLR2/TLR6 ligand FSL-1 mitigates radiation-induced hematopoietic injury in mice and nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2122178120. [PMID: 38051771 PMCID: PMC10723152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122178120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, anemia, and infection are life-threatening issues following accidental or intentional radiation exposure. Since few therapeutics are available, safe and efficacious small molecules to mitigate radiation-induced injury need to be developed. Our previous study showed the synthetic TLR2/TLR6 ligand fibroblast stimulating lipopeptide (FSL-1) prolonged survival and provided MyD88-dependent mitigation of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) in mice. Although mice and humans differ in TLR number, expression, and function, nonhuman primate (NHP) TLRs are like those of humans; therefore, studying both animal models is critical for drug development. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of FSL-1 on hematopoietic recovery in small and large animal models subjected to sublethal total body irradiation and investigate its mechanism of action. In mice, we demonstrate a lack of adverse effects, an easy route of delivery (subcutaneous) and efficacy in promoting hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation by FSL-1. NHP given radiation, followed a day later with a single subcutaneous administration of FSL-1, displayed no adversity but showed elevated hematopoietic cells. Our analyses revealed that FSL-1 promoted red blood cell development and induced soluble effectors following radiation exposure. Cytologic analysis of bone marrow aspirates revealed a striking enhancement of mononuclear progenitor cells in FSL-1-treated NHP. Combining the efficacy of FSL-1 in promoting hematopoietic cell recovery with the lack of adverse effects induced by a single administration supports the application of FSL-1 as a viable countermeasure against H-ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. June Brickey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center of Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - David L. Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC27157
| | - Andrew N. Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710
| | - John D. Olson
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC27157
| | - Yanwan Dai
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27705
| | - Sirui Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center of Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Gregory O. Dugan
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC27157
| | - J. Daniel Bourland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC27157
| | - Lisa M. O’Donnell
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC27157
| | - Janet A. Tooze
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC27157
| | - Guannan Huang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center of Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center of Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Hao Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center of Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Matthew N. French
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710
| | - Allison N. Schorzman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - William C. Zamboni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27705
- Duke Cancer Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27705
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27705
- Duke Cancer Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27705
| | - Nelson J. Chao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27705
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC27157
| | - Jenny P. Y. Ting
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center of Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
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3
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Simmons HC, Watanabe A, Oguin III TH, Van Itallie ES, Wiehe KJ, Sempowski GD, Kuraoka M, Kelsoe G, McCarthy KR. A new class of antibodies that overcomes a steric barrier to cross-group neutralization of influenza viruses. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002415. [PMID: 38127922 PMCID: PMC10734940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody titers that inhibit the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) from engaging its receptor are the accepted correlate of protection from infection. Many potent antibodies with broad, intra-subtype specificity bind HA at the receptor binding site (RBS). One barrier to broad H1-H3 cross-subtype neutralization is an insertion (133a) between positions 133 and 134 on the rim of the H1 HA RBS. We describe here a class of antibodies that overcomes this barrier. These genetically unrestricted antibodies are abundant in the human B cell memory compartment. Analysis of the affinities of selected members of this class for historical H1 and H3 isolates suggest that they were elicited by H3 exposure and broadened or diverted by later exposure(s) to H1 HA. RBS mutations in egg-adapted vaccine strains cause the new H1 specificity of these antibodies to depend on the egg adaptation. The results suggest that suitable immunogens might elicit 133a-independent, H1-H3 cross neutralization by RBS-directed antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C. Simmons
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Oguin III
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin J. Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Masayuki Kuraoka
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. McCarthy
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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4
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Wang C, Karlsson A, Oguin TH, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, McCarthy KR, Wang Y, Moody MA, Yuan F. Transient inhibition of lysosomal functions potentiates nucleic acid vaccines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306465120. [PMID: 37871214 PMCID: PMC10622924 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306465120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines have shown promising results in the clinic against infectious diseases and cancers. To robustly improve the vaccine efficacy and safety, we developed an approach to increase the intracellular stability of nucleic acids by transiently inhibiting lysosomal function in targeted tissues using sucrose. To achieve efficient and localized delivery of sucrose in animals, we designed a biomimetic lipid nanoparticle (LNP) to target the delivery of sucrose into mouse muscle cells. Using this approach, viral antigen expression in mouse muscle after DNA vaccination was substantially increased and prolonged without inducing local or systemic inflammation or toxicity. The same change in antigen expression would be achieved if the vaccine dose could be increased by 3,000 folds, which is experimentally and clinically impractical due to material restrictions and severe toxicity that will be induced by such a high dose of nucleic acids. The increase in antigen expression augmented the infiltration and activation of antigen-presenting cells, significantly improved vaccine-elicited humoral and T cell responses, and fully protected mice against the viral challenge at a low dose of vaccine. Based on these observations, we conclude that transient inhibition of lysosome function in target tissue by sucrose LNPs is a safe and potent approach to substantially improve nucleic acid-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Amelia Karlsson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Thomas H. Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Andrew N. Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27708
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27708
| | - Kevin R. McCarthy
- Center for vaccine research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27708
| | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
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5
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Gin TE, Petzold EA, Uthappa DM, Neighbors CE, Borough AR, Gin C, Lashnits E, Sempowski GD, Denny T, Bienzle D, Weese JS, Callahan BJ, Woods CW. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 identification methods through surveillance of companion animals in SARS-CoV-2-positive homes in North Carolina, March to December 2020. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16310. [PMID: 37901455 PMCID: PMC10607186 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We collected oral and/or rectal swabs and serum from dogs and cats living in homes with SARS-CoV-2-PCR-positive persons for SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology testing. Pre-COVID-19 serum samples from dogs and cats were used as negative controls, and samples were tested in duplicate at different timepoints. Raw ELISA results scrutinized relative to known negative samples suggested that cut-offs for IgG seropositivity may require adjustment relative to previously proposed values, while proposed cut-offs for IgM require more extensive validation. A small number of pet dogs (2/43, 4.7%) and one cat (1/21, 4.8%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and 28.6 and 37.5% of cats and dogs were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E. Gin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Petzold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Diya M. Uthappa
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Coralei E. Neighbors
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Anna R. Borough
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Craig Gin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Erin Lashnits
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Thomas Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. Callahan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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6
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Terrell KA, Sempowski GD, Macintyre AN. Development and validation of an automated assay for anti-drug-antibodies in rat serum. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:361-368. [PMID: 37120133 PMCID: PMC10592652 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential immunogenicity of therapeutic human and humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is a significant concern, and so preclinical testing of therapeutic mAbs routinely includes assessment of anti-drug antibody (ADA) induction. Here, we report the development of automated screening and confirmatory bridging ELISAs for the detection of rat antibodies against DH1042, an engineered human mAb for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain. The assays were evaluated for specificity, sensitivity, selectivity, absence of a prozone effect, linearity, intra- and inter- assay precision, and robustness, and found to be suitable for purpose. The assays were then used to evaluate anti-DH1042 antibodies in the sera of rats dosed with lipid-nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA encoding DH1042. Rats received two doses of 0.1, 0.4 or 0.6 mg/kg/dose LNP-mRNA 8 days apart. Twenty-one days after the second dose, 50-100% of rats had developed confirmed anti-DH1042 ADA depending on dose level. No animals in the control group developed anti-DH1042 ADA. These assays reflect new applications for a non-specialized laboratory automation platform, and the methodologies and approaches reported here provide a template that can be adapted for the automated detection and confirmation of ADA in preclinical testing of other biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A Terrell
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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7
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Giroux NS, Ding S, McClain MT, Burke TW, Petzold E, Chung HA, Rivera GO, Wang E, Xi R, Bose S, Rotstein T, Nicholson BP, Chen T, Henao R, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, De Ussel MI, Satterwhite LL, Ko ER, Ginsburg GS, Kraft BD, Tsalik EL, Shen X, Woods CW. Author Correction: Differential chromatin accessibility in peripheral blood mononuclear cells underlies COVID-19 disease severity prior to seroconversion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6462. [PMID: 37081034 PMCID: PMC10116442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Giroux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Micah T McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710-4000, USA
| | - Thomas W Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Elizabeth Petzold
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hong A Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Grecia O Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Tomer Rotstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Maria Iglesias De Ussel
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lisa L Satterwhite
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Emily R Ko
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Bryan D Kraft
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Ephraim L Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710-4000, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710-4000, USA.
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8
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Sawant S, Gurley SA, Overman RG, Sharak A, Mudrak SV, Oguin T, Sempowski GD, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Walter EB, Xie H, Pasetti MF, Moody MA, Tomaras GD. H3N2 influenza hemagglutination inhibition method qualification with data driven statistical methods for human clinical trials. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155880. [PMID: 37090729 PMCID: PMC10117676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers to seasonal influenza strains are important surrogates for vaccine-elicited protection. However, HAI assays can be variable across labs, with low sensitivity across diverse viruses due to lack of standardization. Performing qualification of these assays on a strain specific level enables the precise and accurate quantification of HAI titers. Influenza A (H3N2) continues to be a predominant circulating subtype in most countries in Europe and North America since 1968 and is thus a focus of influenza vaccine research. Methods As a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs) program, we report on the identification of a robust assay design, rigorous statistical analysis, and complete qualification of an HAI assay using A/Texas/71/2017 as a representative H3N2 strain and guinea pig red blood cells and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent NA-mediated agglutination. Results This qualified HAI assay is precise (calculated by the geometric coefficient of variation (GCV)) for intermediate precision and intra-operator variability, accurate calculated by relative error, perfectly linear (slope of -1, R-Square 1), robust (<25% GCV) and depicts high specificity and sensitivity. This HAI method was successfully qualified for another H3N2 influenza strain A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016, meeting all pre-specified acceptance criteria. Discussion These results demonstrate that HAI qualification and data generation for new influenza strains can be achieved efficiently with minimal extra testing and development. We report on a qualified and adaptable influenza serology method and analysis strategy to measure quantifiable HAI titers to define correlates of vaccine mediated protection in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah Anne Gurley
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Glenn Overman
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Angelina Sharak
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah V. Mudrak
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Emmanuel B. Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hang Xie
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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9
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Heggestad JT, Britton RJ, Kinnamon DS, Liu J, Anderson JG, Joh DY, Quinn Z, Fontes CM, Hucknall AM, Parks R, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, Burke TW, Haynes BF, Woods CW, Chilkoti A. COVID-19 Diagnosis and SARS-CoV-2 Strain Identification by a Rapid, Multiplexed, Point-of-Care Antibody Microarray. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5610-5617. [PMID: 36961989 PMCID: PMC10068875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Antigen tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 have emerged as a promising rapid diagnostic method for COVID-19, but they are unable to differentiate between variants of concern (VOCs). Here, we report a rapid point-of-care test (POC-T), termed CoVariant-SPOT, that uses a set of antibodies that are either tolerant or intolerant to spike protein mutations to identify the likely SARS-CoV-2 strain concurrent with COVID-19 diagnosis using antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid protein. All reagents are incorporated into a portable, multiplexed, and sensitive diagnostic platform built upon a nonfouling polymer brush. To validate CoVariant-SPOT, we tested recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteins, inactivated viruses, and nasopharyngeal swab samples from COVID-19 positive and negative individuals and showed that CoVariant-SPOT can readily distinguish between two VOCs: Delta and Omicron. We believe that CoVariant-SPOT can serve as a valuable adjunct to next-generation sequencing to rapidly identify variants using a scalable and deployable POC-T, thereby enhancing community surveillance efforts worldwide and informing treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rhett J. Britton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David S. Kinnamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jack G. Anderson
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel Y. Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zachary Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Cassio M. Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Angus M. Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N. Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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10
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Barnett KC, Xie Y, Asakura T, Song D, Liang K, Taft-Benz SA, Guo H, Yang S, Okuda K, Gilmore RC, Loome JF, Oguin Iii TH, Sempowski GD, Randell SH, Heise MT, Lei YL, Boucher RC, Ting JPY. An epithelial-immune circuit amplifies inflammasome and IL-6 responses to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:243-259.e6. [PMID: 36563691 PMCID: PMC9731922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 are associated with severe COVID-19. Investigating the underlying mechanisms, we find that while primary human airway epithelia (HAE) have functional inflammasomes and support SARS-CoV-2 replication, they are not the source of IL-1β released upon infection. In leukocytes, the SARS-CoV-2 E protein upregulates inflammasome gene transcription via TLR2 to prime, but not activate, inflammasomes. SARS-CoV-2-infected HAE supply a second signal, which includes genomic and mitochondrial DNA, to stimulate leukocyte IL-1β release. Nuclease treatment, STING, and caspase-1 inhibition but not NLRP3 inhibition blocked leukocyte IL-1β release. After release, IL-1β stimulates IL-6 secretion from HAE. Therefore, infection alone does not increase IL-1β secretion by either cell type. Rather, bi-directional interactions between the SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelium and immune bystanders stimulates both IL-1β and IL-6, creating a pro-inflammatory cytokine circuit. Consistent with these observations, patient autopsy lungs show elevated myeloid inflammasome gene signatures in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Barnett
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dingka Song
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kaixin Liang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sharon A Taft-Benz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer F Loome
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yu Leo Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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11
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Vanover D, Zurla C, Peck HE, Orr‐Burks N, Joo JY, Murray J, Holladay N, Hobbs RA, Jung Y, Chaves LCS, Rotolo L, Lifland AW, Olivier AK, Li D, Saunders KO, Sempowski GD, Crowe JE, Haynes BF, Lafontaine ER, Hogan RJ, Santangelo PJ. Nebulized mRNA-Encoded Antibodies Protect Hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202771. [PMID: 36316224 PMCID: PMC9731714 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, there remains a clear need for new classes of preventatives for respiratory viral infections due to vaccine hesitancy, lack of sterilizing immunity, and for at-risk patient populations, including the immunocompromised. While many neutralizing antibodies have been identified, and several approved, to treat COVID-19, systemic delivery, large doses, and high costs have the potential to limit their widespread use, especially in low- and middle-income countries. To use these antibodies more efficiently, an inhalable formulation is developed that allows for the expression of mRNA-encoded, membrane-anchored neutralizing antibodies in the lung to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infections. First, the ability of mRNA-encoded, membrane-anchored, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to prevent infections in vitro is demonstrated. Next, it is demonstrated that nebulizer-based delivery of these mRNA-expressed neutralizing antibodies potently abrogates disease in the hamster model. Overall, these results support the use of nebulizer-based mRNA expression of neutralizing antibodies as a new paradigm for mitigating respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryll Vanover
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Chiara Zurla
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Hannah E. Peck
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Nichole Orr‐Burks
- Department of Infectious DiseasesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Jae Yeon Joo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious DiseasesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Nathan Holladay
- Department of Infectious DiseasesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Ryan A. Hobbs
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Younghun Jung
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Lorena C. S. Chaves
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Laura Rotolo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Aaron W. Lifland
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Alicia K. Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS39762USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Departments of Medicine and ImmunologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine InstituteDepartments of SurgeryMolecular Genetics and Microbiologyand ImmunologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Departments of Medicine and ImmunologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37232USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Departments of Medicine and ImmunologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Eric R. Lafontaine
- Department of Infectious DiseasesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- Department of Infectious DiseasesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Philip J. Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
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12
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Caradonna TM, Ronsard L, Yousif AS, Windsor IW, Hecht R, Bracamonte-Moreno T, Roffler AA, Maron MJ, Maurer DP, Feldman J, Marchiori E, Barnes RM, Rohrer D, Lonberg N, Oguin TH, Sempowski GD, Kepler TB, Kuraoka M, Lingwood D, Schmidt AG. An epitope-enriched immunogen expands responses to a conserved viral site. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111628. [PMID: 36351401 PMCID: PMC9883670 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens evade host humoral responses by accumulating mutations in surface antigens. While variable, there are conserved regions that cannot mutate without compromising fitness. Antibodies targeting these conserved epitopes are often broadly protective but remain minor components of the repertoire. Rational immunogen design leverages a structural understanding of viral antigens to modulate humoral responses to favor these responses. Here, we report an epitope-enriched immunogen presenting a higher copy number of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) receptor-binding site (RBS) epitope relative to other B cell epitopes. Immunization in a partially humanized murine model imprinted with an H1 influenza shows H1-specific serum and >99% H1-specific B cells being RBS-directed. Single B cell analyses show a genetically restricted response that structural analysis defines as RBS-directed antibodies engaging the RBS with germline-encoded contacts. These data show how epitope enrichment expands B cell responses toward conserved epitopes and advances immunogen design approaches for next-generation viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larance Ronsard
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ashraf S Yousif
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hecht
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Anne A Roffler
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Max J Maron
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel P Maurer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elisa Marchiori
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralston M Barnes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Daniel Rohrer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Nils Lonberg
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Thomas H Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27703, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27703, USA
| | - Thomas B Kepler
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Masayuki Kuraoka
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Luo S, Zhang J, Kreutzberger AJ, Eaton A, Edwards RJ, Jing C, Dai HQ, Sempowski GD, Cronin K, Parks R, Ye AY, Mansouri K, Barr M, Pishesha N, Williams AC, Vieira Francisco L, Saminathan A, Peng H, Batra H, Bellusci L, Khurana S, Alam SM, Montefiori DC, Saunders KO, Tian M, Ploegh H, Kirchhausen T, Chen B, Haynes BF, Alt FW. An antibody from single human V H-rearranging mouse neutralizes all SARS-CoV-2 variants through BA.5 by inhibiting membrane fusion. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eadd5446. [PMID: 35951767 PMCID: PMC9407951 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have generated a worldwide health crisis due to resistance to most approved SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and evasion of vaccination-induced antibodies. To manage Omicron subvariants and prepare for new ones, additional means of isolating broad and potent humanized SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are desirable. Here, we describe a mouse model in which the primary B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire is generated solely through V(D)J recombination of a human VH1-2 heavy chain (HC) and, substantially, a human Vκ1-33 light chain (LC). Thus, primary humanized BCR repertoire diversity in these mice derives from immensely diverse HC and LC antigen-contact CDR3 sequences generated by nontemplated junctional modifications during V(D)J recombination. Immunizing this mouse model with SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) spike protein immunogens elicited several VH1-2/Vκ1-33-based neutralizing antibodies that bound RBD in a different mode from each other and from those of many prior patient-derived VH1-2-based neutralizing antibodies. Of these, SP1-77 potently and broadly neutralized all SARS-CoV-2 variants through BA.5. Cryo-EM studies revealed that SP1-77 bound RBD away from the receptor-binding motif via a CDR3-dominated recognition mode. Lattice light-sheet microscopy-based studies showed that SP1-77 did not block ACE2-mediated viral attachment or endocytosis but rather blocked viral-host membrane fusion. The broad and potent SP1-77 neutralization activity and nontraditional mechanism of action suggest that it might have therapeutic potential. Likewise, the SP1-77 binding epitope may inform vaccine strategies. Last, the type of humanized mouse models that we have described may contribute to identifying therapeutic antibodies against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Luo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.L.); (T.K.); (B.C.); (B.F.H.); (F.W.A.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex J.B. Kreutzberger
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Changbin Jing
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hai-Qiang Dai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth Cronin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Adam Yongxin Ye
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aimee Chapdelaine Williams
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucas Vieira Francisco
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anand Saminathan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hanqin Peng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Himanshu Batra
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lorenza Bellusci
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hidde Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.L.); (T.K.); (B.C.); (B.F.H.); (F.W.A.)
| | - Bing Chen
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.L.); (T.K.); (B.C.); (B.F.H.); (F.W.A.)
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.L.); (T.K.); (B.C.); (B.F.H.); (F.W.A.)
| | - Frederick W. Alt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.L.); (T.K.); (B.C.); (B.F.H.); (F.W.A.)
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14
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Li D, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Chen H, Barr M, Sutherland LL, Lee E, Parks R, Mielke D, Edwards W, Newman A, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Gagne M, Douek DC, DeMarco CT, Denny TN, Oguin TH, Brown A, Rountree W, Wang Y, Mansouri K, Edwards RJ, Ferrari G, Sempowski GD, Eaton A, Tang J, Cain DW, Santra S, Pardi N, Weissman D, Tomai MA, Fox CB, Moore IN, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Golding H, Seder R, Khurana S, Baric RS, Montefiori DC, Saunders KO, Haynes BF. Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and protection induced by a nanoparticle vaccine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6309. [PMID: 36274085 PMCID: PMC9588772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus vaccines that are highly effective against current and anticipated SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed to control COVID-19. We previously reported a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-sortase A-conjugated ferritin nanoparticle (scNP) vaccine that induced neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and pre-emergent sarbecoviruses and protected non-human primates (NHPs) from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 infection. Here, we find the RBD-scNP induced neutralizing antibodies in NHPs against pseudoviruses of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 variants including 614G, Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/BA.5, and a designed variant with escape mutations, PMS20. Adjuvant studies demonstrate variant neutralization titers are highest with 3M-052-aqueous formulation (AF). Immunization twice with RBD-scNPs protect NHPs from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1, Beta, and Delta variant challenge, and protect mice from challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant and two other heterologous sarbecoviruses. These results demonstrate the ability of RBD-scNPs to induce broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants and to protect animals from multiple different SARS-related viruses. Such a vaccine could provide broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - David R. Martinez
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Laura L. Sutherland
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Esther Lee
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Robert Parks
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Dieter Mielke
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Whitney Edwards
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Amanda Newman
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Kevin W. Bock
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Bianca M. Nagata
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Matthew Gagne
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - C. Todd DeMarco
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Thomas N. Denny
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Thomas H. Oguin
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Alecia Brown
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Wes Rountree
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Juanjie Tang
- grid.417587.80000 0001 2243 3366Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871 USA
| | - Derek W. Cain
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mark A. Tomai
- grid.417536.20000 0001 0695 6319Corporate Research Materials Lab, 3M Company, St Paul, MN 55144 USA
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- grid.53959.330000 0004 1794 8076Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
| | - Ian N. Moore
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Hanne Andersen
- grid.282501.c0000 0000 8739 6829BIOQUAL, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Mark G. Lewis
- grid.282501.c0000 0000 8739 6829BIOQUAL, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Hana Golding
- grid.417587.80000 0001 2243 3366Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871 USA
| | - Robert Seder
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- grid.417587.80000 0001 2243 3366Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871 USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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15
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Gautam US, Asrican R, Sempowski GD. Targeted dose delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice using silicon antifoaming agent via aerosol exposure system. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276130. [PMID: 36228009 PMCID: PMC9560519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that forms aggregates (clumps) on solid agar plates and in liquid media. Detergents such as Tween 80/Tyloxapol are considered the gold standard to disrupt clump formation in Mtb cultures. The presence of detergent, however, may generate foam and hinder Mtb aerosolization thus requiring addition of an antifoam agent for optimal Mtb aerosol-based procedures. Aerosol inhalation can be technically challenging, in particular to achieve a reproducible inhaled target dose. In this study, the impact of an antifoam, the silicon antifoaming agent (SAF), on Mtb aerosolization and whole-body mouse aerosol infection was investigated. A comparative study using SAF in a liquid suspension containing Mycobacterium bovis BCG (M. bovis BCG) or Mtb H37Rv did not cause any adverse effect on bacterial viability. Incorporation of SAF during mycobacteria inhalation procedures revealed that aerosolized mycobacterial strains were maintained under controlled environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, pressure, and airflow inside the aerosol chamber. In addition, environmental factors and spray factors were not affected by the presence of SAF in mycobacterial cultures during aerosolization. Spray factor was significantly less during aerosol procedures with a low-input dose of mycobacteria in comparison to high-dose, as predicted. The mycobacterial load recovered in the biosampler (AGI) was ~2–3 logs lower than nebulizer or input bacterial load. A consistent Mtb bacillary load determined in mouse lungs indicates that SAF does not affect mycobacteria aerosolization during the aerosol generation process. These data confirmed that 1) SAF prevents formation of excessive foam during aerosolization, 2) SAF had no negative impact on mycobacterial viability within aerosol droplets, 3) Mtb droplets within aerosol-generated particles are well within the range required for reaching and depositing deep into lung tissue, and 4) SAF had no negative impact on achieving a target dose in mice exposed to Mtb aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Shankar Gautam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (USG); (GDS)
| | - Rosemarie Asrican
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (USG); (GDS)
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16
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Shah A, Storek J, Woolson R, Pinckney A, Keyes-Elstein L, Wallace PK, Sempowski GD, McSweeney P, Mayes MD, Crofford L, Csuka ME, Phillips K, Khanna D, Simms R, Ballen K, LeClercq S, Clair WS, Nixon AB, Nash R, Wener M, Brasington R, Silver R, Griffith LM, Furst DE, Goldmuntz E, Sullivan KM. Lymphocyte subset abnormalities in early severe scleroderma favor a Th2 phenotype and are not altered by prior immunosuppressive therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4155-4162. [PMID: 35108379 PMCID: PMC9536786 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Scleroderma: Cyclophosphamide or Transplantation (SCOT) trial compared hematopoietic stem cell transplant to CYC treatment in patients with early SSc with progressive skin and lung or kidney involvement. Here we describe lymphocyte phenotype abnormalities at study entry and the relation to prior DMARD therapy. METHODS Lymphocyte subsets (n = 26) measured by flow cytometry were compared in 123 heathy controls and 71 SCOT participants, including those given (n = 57) or not given (n = 14) DMARDs within 12 months of randomization. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, individuals with SSc showed significant reductions in central memory CD8 T cells, activated total and CD4 T cells, γ/δ T cells, memory B cells, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and FOXP3+CD25+ Treg cells and increases in naïve CD4 T cells, effector memory CD4 T cells and effector CD8 T cells. A greater bias towards a IL-4+ Th2/T cytotoxic 2 (Tc2) phenotype based on the Th2:Th1 CD4 ratio and Tc2:Tc1 CD8 T cells was also found. Notably, no difference in any lymphocyte subset was observed between those given or not given prior DMARDs. CONCLUSIONS In patients with early, severe SSc, significant lymphocyte subset abnormalities were observed. Prior treatment with immunosuppressive therapy did not impact the immunophenotype, suggesting that lymphocyte disturbances in scleroderma appeared to be due to the disease itself. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), NCT00114530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankoor Shah
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jan Storek
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Paul K Wallace
- Department of Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Peter McSweeney
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver, CO
| | | | - Leslie Crofford
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M E Csuka
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kristine Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert Simms
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Karen Ballen
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Sharon LeClercq
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard Nash
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver, CO
| | - Mark Wener
- Department of Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Richard Silver
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Linda M Griffith
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel E Furst
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ellen Goldmuntz
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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17
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McKittrick JM, Burke TW, Petzold E, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, Polage CR, Tsalik EL, McClain MT. SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection across a spectrum of immunological states. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e554. [PMID: 35899182 PMCID: PMC9308002 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several cases of symptomatic reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) after full recovery from a prior episode have been reported. As reinfection has become an increasingly common phenomenon, an improved understanding of the risk factors for reinfection and the character and duration of the serological responses to infection and vaccination is critical for managing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Methods We described four cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection in individuals representing a spectrum of healthy and immunocompromised states, including (1) a healthy 41‐year‐old pediatrician, (2) an immunocompromised 31‐year‐old with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, (3) a healthy 26‐year‐old pregnant woman, and (4) a 50‐year‐old with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. We performed confirmatory quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and qualitative immunoglobulin M and quantitative IgG testing on all available patient samples to confirm the presence of infection and serological response to infection. Results Our analysis showed that patients 1 and 2, a healthy and an immunocompromised patient, both failed to mount a robust serologic response to the initial infection. In contrast, patients 3 and 4, with minimal comorbid disease, both mounted a strong serological response to their initial infection, but were still susceptible to reinfection. Conclusion Repeat episodes of COVID‐19 are capable of occurring in patients regardless of the presence of known risk factors for infection or level of serological response to infection, although this did not trigger critical illness in any instance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Elizabeth Petzold
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | | | | | | | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Micah T. McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
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18
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Gobeil SMC, Henderson R, Stalls V, Janowska K, Huang X, May A, Speakman M, Beaudoin E, Manne K, Li D, Parks R, Barr M, Deyton M, Martin M, Mansouri K, Edwards RJ, Eaton A, Montefiori DC, Sempowski GD, Saunders KO, Wiehe K, Williams W, Korber B, Haynes BF, Acharya P. Structural diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2050-2068.e6. [PMID: 35447081 PMCID: PMC8947964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aided by extensive spike protein mutation, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant overtook the previously dominant Delta variant. Spike conformation plays an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 evolution via changes in receptor-binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibody epitope presentation, affecting virus transmissibility and immune evasion. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures of the Omicron and Delta spikes to understand the conformational impacts of mutations in each. The Omicron spike structure revealed an unusually tightly packed RBD organization with long range impacts that were not observed in the Delta spike. Binding and crystallography revealed increased flexibility at the functionally critical fusion peptide site in the Omicron spike. These results reveal a highly evolved Omicron spike architecture with possible impacts on its high levels of immune evasion and transmissibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Xiao Huang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aaron May
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Kartik Manne
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rob Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wilton Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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19
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Gallovic MD, Junkins RD, Sandor AM, Pena ES, Sample CJ, Mason AK, Arwood LC, Sahm RA, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM, Sempowski GD, Ting JPY. STING agonist-containing microparticles improve seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy and durability in ferrets over standard adjuvant. J Control Release 2022; 347:356-368. [PMID: 35569585 PMCID: PMC10136936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic highlights the need for effective vaccines against respiratory viruses. An ideal vaccine should induce robust and long-lasting responses with high manufacturing scalability. We use an adjuvant comprised of a Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) agonist incorporated in a scalable microparticle platform to achieve durable protection against the influenza virus. This formulation overcomes the challenges presented by the cytosolic localization of STING and the hydrophilicity of its agonists. We evaluated a monoaxial formulation of polymeric acetalated dextran microparticles (MPs) to deliver the STING agonist cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) which achieved >10× dose-sparing effects compared to other published work. Efficacy was evaluated in ferrets, a larger animal model of choice for influenza vaccines. cGAMP MPs with recombinant hemagglutinin reduced viral shedding and improved vaccine outcomes compared to a seasonal influenza vaccine. Importantly, sustained protection against a lethal influenza infection was detected a year after a single dose of the vaccine-adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Gallovic
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert D Junkins
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adam M Sandor
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erik S Pena
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher J Sample
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ariel K Mason
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Leslee C Arwood
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sahm
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Institute for Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Center for Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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20
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Giroux NS, Ding S, Mcclain MT, Burke TW, Petzold E, Chung HA, Rivera GO, Wang E, Xi R, Bose S, Rotstein T, Nicholson BP, Chen T, Henao R, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, De Ussel MI, Satterwhite LL, Ko ER, Ginsburg GS, Kraft BD, Tsalik EL, Shen X, Woods C. Differential chromatin accessibility in peripheral blood mononuclear cells underlies COVID-19 disease severity prior to seroconversion.. [PMID: 35411343 PMCID: PMC8996625 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1479864/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers profound and variable immune responses in human hosts. Chromatin remodeling has been observed in individuals severely ill or convalescing with COVID-19, but chromatin remodeling early in disease prior to anti-spike protein IgG seroconversion has not been defined. We performed the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from outpatients with mild or moderate symptom severity at different stages of clinical illness. Early in the disease course prior to IgG seroconversion, modifications in chromatin accessibility associate with mild or moderate symptoms are already robust and include severity-associated changes in accessibility of genes in interleukin signaling, regulation of cell differentiation and cell morphology. Furthermore, single-cell analyses revealed evolution of the chromatin accessibility landscape and transcription factor motif accessibility for individual PBMC cell types over time. The most extensive remodeling occurred in CD14+ monocytes, where sub-populations with distinct chromatin accessibility profiles were observed prior to seroconversion. Mild symptom severity is marked by upregulation classical antiviral pathways including those regulating IRF1 and IRF7, whereas in moderate disease these classical antiviral signals diminish suggesting dysregulated and less effective responses. Together, these observations offer novel insight into the epigenome of early mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that detection of chromatin remodeling in early disease may offer promise for a new class of diagnostic tools for COVID-19.
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21
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Whitley J, Zwolinski C, Denis C, Maughan M, Hayles L, Clarke D, Snare M, Liao H, Chiou S, Marmura T, Zoeller H, Hudson B, Peart J, Johnson M, Karlsson A, Wang Y, Nagle C, Harris C, Tonkin D, Fraser S, Capiz L, Zeno CL, Meli Y, Martik D, Ozaki DA, Caparoni A, Dickens JE, Weissman D, Saunders KO, Haynes BF, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, Johnson MR. Development of mRNA manufacturing for vaccines and therapeutics: mRNA platform requirements and development of a scalable production process to support early phase clinical trials. Transl Res 2022; 242:38-55. [PMID: 34871810 PMCID: PMC8641981 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable success of SARS CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines and the ensuing interest in mRNA vaccines and therapeutics have highlighted the need for a scalable clinical-enabling manufacturing process to produce such products, and robust analytical methods to demonstrate safety, potency, and purity. To date, production processes have either not been disclosed or are bench-scale in nature and cannot be readily adapted to clinical and commercial scale production. To address these needs, we have advanced an aqueous-based scalable process that is readily adaptable to GMP-compliant manufacturing, and developed the required analytical methods for product characterization, quality control release, and stability testing. We also have demonstrated the products produced at manufacturing scale under such approaches display good potency and protection in relevant animal models with mRNA products encoding both vaccine immunogens and antibodies. Finally, we discuss continued challenges in raw material identification, sourcing and supply, and the cold chain requirements for mRNA therapeutic and vaccine products. While ultimate solutions have yet to be elucidated, we discuss approaches that can be taken that are aligned with regulatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Whitley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher Zwolinski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christian Denis
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maureen Maughan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Leonie Hayles
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David Clarke
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Meghan Snare
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hong Liao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sean Chiou
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tina Marmura
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Holly Zoeller
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ben Hudson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John Peart
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Monica Johnson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amelia Karlsson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia Nagle
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cherell Harris
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Tonkin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Fraser
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lieza Capiz
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christina L Zeno
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yvonne Meli
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Diana Martik
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel A Ozaki
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy Caparoni
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jason E Dickens
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Drew Weissman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Matthew R Johnson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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22
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Li D, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Chen H, Barr M, Sutherland LL, Lee E, Parks R, Mielke D, Edwards W, Newman A, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Gagne M, Douek DC, DeMarco CT, Denny TN, Oguin TH, Brown A, Rountree W, Wang Y, Mansouri K, Edwards RJ, Ferrari G, Sempowski GD, Eaton A, Tang J, Cain DW, Santra S, Pardi N, Weissman D, Tomai MA, Fox CB, Moore IN, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Golding H, Seder R, Khurana S, Baric RS, Montefiori DC, Saunders KO, Haynes BF. Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization and Protection Induced by a Nanoparticle Vaccine. bioRxiv 2022:2022.01.26.477915. [PMID: 35118474 PMCID: PMC8811946 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.26.477915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus vaccines that are highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed to control the current pandemic. We previously reported a receptor-binding domain (RBD) sortase A-conjugated ferritin nanoparticle (RBD-scNP) vaccine that induced neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and pre-emergent sarbecoviruses and protected monkeys from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 infection. Here, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 RBD-scNP immunization induces potent neutralizing antibodies in non-human primates (NHPs) against all eight SARS-CoV-2 variants tested including the Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. The Omicron variant was neutralized by RBD-scNP-induced serum antibodies with a mean of 10.6-fold reduction of ID50 titers compared to SARS-CoV-2 D614G. Immunization with RBD-scNPs protected NHPs from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1, Beta, and Delta variant challenge, and protected mice from challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant and two other heterologous sarbecoviruses. These results demonstrate the ability of RBD-scNPs to induce broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants and to protect NHPs and mice from multiple different SARS-related viruses. Such a vaccine could provide the needed immunity to slow the spread of and reduce disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Delta and Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura L Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Esther Lee
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dieter Mielke
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Whitney Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Newman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - C Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas H Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alecia Brown
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juanjie Tang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Tomai
- Corporate Research Materials Lab, 3M Company, St Paul, MN 55144, USA
| | | | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | | | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - Robert Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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23
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Lovett A, Seña AC, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Duncan JA, Waltmann A. Cervicovaginal Microbiota Predicts Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Presentation. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:790531. [PMID: 35222300 PMCID: PMC8867028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of the female lower genital tract can present with a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from asymptomatic carriage to symptomatic cervical inflammation, or cervicitis. The factors that contribute to the development of asymptomatic or symptomatic infections are largely uncharacterized. We conducted a pilot study to assess differences in the cervicovaginal microbial community of patients presenting with symptomatic vs. asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae infections to a sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic. DNA was isolated from cervicovaginal swab specimens from women who tested positive for N. gonorrhoeae infection using a clinical diagnostic nucleic acid amplification test. We performed deep sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons, followed by microbiome analyses with QIIME, and species-specific real-time PCR to assess the composition of microbial communities cohabitating the lower genital tract with the infecting N. gonorrhoeae. Specimens collected from asymptomatic individuals with N. gonorrhoeae infection and no co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Trichomonas vaginalis carried Lactobacillus-dominant microbial communities more frequently than symptomatic patients without co-infection. When compared to asymptomatic individuals, symptomatic women had microbial communities characterized by more diverse and heterogenous bacterial taxa, typically associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) [Prevotella, Sneathia, Mycoplasma hominis, and Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Bacterium-1 (BVAB1)/"Candidatus Lachnocurva vaginae"]. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae patients with additional STI co-infection displayed a BV-like microbial community. These findings suggest that Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbial community may protect individuals from developing symptoms during lower genital tract infection with N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lovett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Arlene C. Seña
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andrew N. Macintyre
- School of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- School of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joseph A. Duncan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andreea Waltmann
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Andreea Waltmann,
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24
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Gobeil SMC, Henderson R, Stalls V, Janowska K, Huang X, May A, Speakman M, Beaudoin E, Manne K, Li D, Parks R, Barr M, Deyton M, Martin M, Mansouri K, Edwards RJ, Sempowski GD, Saunders KO, Wiehe K, Williams W, Korber B, Haynes BF, Acharya P. Structural diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike. bioRxiv 2022:2022.01.25.477784. [PMID: 35118469 PMCID: PMC8811902 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.25.477784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Aided by extensive spike protein mutation, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant overtook the previously dominant Delta variant. Spike conformation plays an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 evolution via changes in receptor binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibody epitope presentation affecting virus transmissibility and immune evasion. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures of the Omicron and Delta spikes to understand the conformational impacts of mutations in each. The Omicron spike structure revealed an unusually tightly packed RBD organization with long range impacts that were not observed in the Delta spike. Binding and crystallography revealed increased flexibility at the functionally critical fusion peptide site in the Omicron spike. These results reveal a highly evolved Omicron spike architecture with possible impacts on its high levels of immune evasion and transmissibility.
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25
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Heggestad JT, Britton RJ, Kinnamon DS, Wall SA, Joh DY, Hucknall AM, Olson LB, Anderson JG, Mazur A, Wolfe CR, Oguin TH, Sullenger BA, Burke TW, Kraft BD, Sempowski GD, Woods CW, Chilkoti A. Rapid test to assess the escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabl7682. [PMID: 34860546 PMCID: PMC8641938 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are concerning in the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we developed a rapid test, termed CoVariant-SCAN, that detects neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) capable of blocking interactions between the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and the spike protein of wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and three other variants: B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1. Using CoVariant-SCAN, we assessed neutralization/blocking of monoclonal antibodies and plasma from COVID-19–positive and vaccinated individuals. For several monoclonal antibodies and most plasma samples, neutralization against B.1.351 and P.1 variants is diminished relative to WT, while B.1.1.7 is largely cross-neutralized. We also showed that we can rapidly adapt the platform to detect nAbs against an additional variant—B.1.617.2 (Delta)—without reengineering or reoptimizing the assay. Results using CoVariant-SCAN are consistent with live virus neutralization assays and demonstrate that this easy-to-deploy test could be used to rapidly assess nAb response against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rhett J. Britton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David S. Kinnamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Simone A. Wall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Y. Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Angus M. Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lyra B. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jack G. Anderson
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anna Mazur
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cameron R. Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas H. Oguin
- Department of Medicine and the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bruce A. Sullenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bryan D. Kraft
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Department of Medicine and the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine and the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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26
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Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Gobeil S, Li D, De la Cruz G, Parks R, Lu X, Barr M, Stalls V, Janowska K, Beaudoin E, Manne K, Mansouri K, Edwards RJ, Cronin K, Yount B, Anasti K, Montgomery SA, Tang J, Golding H, Shen S, Zhou T, Kwong PD, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Montefiori DC, Alam SM, Sempowski GD, Khurana S, Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Acharya P, Haynes BF, Baric RS. A broadly cross-reactive antibody neutralizes and protects against sarbecovirus challenge in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 14:eabj7125. [PMID: 34726473 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophie Gobeil
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Victoria Stalls
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Esther Beaudoin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kartik Manne
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Cronin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Boyd Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Juanjie Tang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20871
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20871
| | - Shaunna Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20871
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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27
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Thornlow DN, Macintyre AN, Oguin TH, Karlsson AB, Stover EL, Lynch HE, Sempowski GD, Schmidt AG. Altering the Immunogenicity of Hemagglutinin Immunogens by Hyperglycosylation and Disulfide Stabilization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737973. [PMID: 34691043 PMCID: PMC8528956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus alters glycosylation patterns on its surface exposed glycoproteins to evade host adaptive immune responses. The viral hemagglutinin (HA), in particular the H3 subtype, has increased its overall surface glycosylation since its introduction in 1968. We previously showed that modulating predicted N-linked glycosylation sites on H3 A/Hong Kong/1/1968 HA identified a conserved epitope at the HA interface. This epitope is occluded on the native HA trimer but is likely exposed during HA "breathing" on the virion surface. Antibodies directed to this site are protective via an ADCC-mediated mechanism. This glycan engineering strategy made an otherwise subdominant epitope dominant in the murine model. Here, we asked whether cysteine stabilization of the hyperglycosylated HA trimer could reverse this immunodominance by preventing access to the interface epitope and focus responses to the HA receptor binding site (RBS). While analysis of serum responses from immunized mice did not show a redirection to the RBS, cysteine stabilization did result in an overall reduction in immunogenicity of the interface epitope. Thus, glycan engineering and cysteine stabilization are two strategies that can be used together to alter immunodominance patterns to HA. These results add to rational immunogen design approaches used to manipulate immune responses for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana N. Thornlow
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew N. Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas H. Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amelia B. Karlsson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erica L. Stover
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Heather E. Lynch
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Aaron G. Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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28
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Matthias KA, Connolly KL, Begum AA, Jerse AE, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Bash MC. Meningococcal Detoxified Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines Enhance Gonococcal Clearance in a Murine Infection Model. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:650-660. [PMID: 34498079 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decades of research efforts, development of a gonorrhea vaccine has remained elusive. Epidemiological studies suggest that detoxified outer membrane vesicle (dOMV) vaccines from Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) may protect against infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng). We recently reported that Nm dOMVs lacking the major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) PorA, PorB, and RmpM induced greater antibody cross-reactivity against heterologous Nm strains than wild-type (WT) dOMVs and may represent an improved vaccine against gonorrhea. METHODS We prepared dOMV vaccines from meningococcal strains that were sufficient or deleted for PorA, PorB, and RmpM. Vaccines were tested in a murine genital tract infection model and antisera were used to identify vaccine targets. RESULTS Immunization with Nm dOMVs significantly and reproducibly enhanced gonococcal clearance for mice immunized with OMP-deficient dOMVs; significant clearance for WT dOMV-immunized mice was observed in one of two experiments. Clearance was associated with serum and vaginal anti-Nm dOMV IgG antibodies that cross-reacted with Ng. Serum IgG was used to identify putative Ng vaccine targets, including PilQ, MtrE, NlpD, and GuaB. CONCLUSIONS Meningococcal dOMVs elicited a protective effect against experimental gonococcal infection. Recognition and identification of Ng vaccine targets by Nm dOMV-induced antibodies supports the development of a cross-protective Neisseria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Matthias
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Kristie L Connolly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Afrin A Begum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann E Jerse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret C Bash
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
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29
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Macintyre AN, French MJ, Sanders BR, Riebe KJ, Shterev ID, Wiehe K, Hora B, Evangelous T, Dugan G, Bourland JD, Cline JM, Sempowski GD. Long-Term Recovery of the Adaptive Immune System in Rhesus Macaques After Total Body Irradiation. Adv Radiat Oncol 2021; 6:100677. [PMID: 34646962 PMCID: PMC8498734 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation causes acute damage to hematopoietic and immune cells, but the long-term immunologic consequences of irradiation are poorly understood. We therefore performed a prospective study of the delayed immune effects of radiation using a rhesus macaque model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ten macaques received 4 Gy high-energy x-ray total body irradiation (TBI) and 6 control animals received sham irradiation. TBI caused transient lymphopenia that resolved over several weeks. Once white blood cell counts recovered, flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype the circulating adaptive immune cell populations 4, 9, and 21 months after TBI. Data were fit using a mixed-effects model to determine age-dependent, radiation-dependent, and interacting effects. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and quantification of TCR Excision Circles were used to determine relative contributions of thymopoiesis and peripheral expansion to T cell repopulation. Two years after TBI, the cohort was vaccinated with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and a tetravalent influenza hemagglutinin vaccine. RESULTS Aging, but not TBI, led to significant changes in the frequencies of dendritic cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and B cells. However, irradiated animals exhibited increased frequencies of central memory T cells and decreased frequencies of naïve T cells. These consequences of irradiation were time-dependent and more prolonged in the CD8 T cell population. Irradiation led to transient increases in CD8+ T cell TCR Excision Circles and had no significant effect on TCR sequence entropy, indicating T cell recovery was partially mediated by thymopoiesis. Animals that were irradiated and then vaccinated showed normal immunoglobulin G binding and influenza neutralization titers in response to the 4 protein antigens but weaker immunoglobulin G binding titers to 10 of the 23 polysaccharide antigens. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that TBI causes subtle but long-lasting immune defects that are evident years after recovery from lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J. French
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brittany R. Sanders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristina J. Riebe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivo D. Shterev
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tyler Evangelous
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Greg Dugan
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Daniel Bourland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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30
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Abstract
Prophylactic and therapeutic drugs are urgently needed to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over the past year, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies have been developed for preventive or therapeutic uses. While neutralizing antibodies target the spike protein, their neutralization potency and breadth vary according to recognition epitopes. Several potent SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have shown degrees of success in preclinical or clinical trials, and the US Food and Drug Administration has issued emergency use authorization for two neutralizing antibody cocktails. Nevertheless, antibody therapy for SARS-CoV-2 still faces potential challenges, including emerging viral variants of concern that have antibody-escape mutations and the potential for antibody-mediated enhancement of infection or inflammation. This review summarizes representative SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies that have been reported and discusses prospects and challenges for the development of the next generation of COVID-19 preventive or therapeutic antibodies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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31
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Connolly KL, Pilligua-Lucas M, Gomez C, Costenoble-Caherty AC, Soc A, Underwood K, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Jerse AE. Preclinical Testing of Vaccines and Therapeutics for Gonorrhea in Female Mouse Models of Lower and Upper Reproductive Tract Infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:S152-S160. [PMID: 34396408 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lower reproductive tract infection are valuable systems for studying N. gonorrhoeae adaptation to the female host and immune responses to infection. These models have also accelerated preclinical testing of candidate therapeutic and prophylactic products against gonorrhea. However, because N. gonorrhoeae infection is restricted to the murine cervicovaginal region, there is a need for an in vivo system for translational work on N. gonorrhoeae pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Here we discuss the need for well-characterized preclinical upper reproductive tract infection models for developing candidate products against N. gonorrhoeae PID, and report a refinement of the gonorrhea mouse model that supports sustained upper reproductive tract infection. To establish this new model for vaccine testing, we also tested the licensed meningococcal 4CMenB vaccine, which cross-protects against murine N. gonorrhoeae lower reproductive tract infection, for efficacy against N. gonorrhoeae in the endometrium and oviducts following transcervical or vaginal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L Connolly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Pilligua-Lucas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolina Gomez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Anthony Soc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Knashka Underwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ann E Jerse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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32
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Li D, Edwards RJ, Manne K, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Alam SM, Wiehe K, Lu X, Parks R, Sutherland LL, Oguin TH, McDanal C, Perez LG, Mansouri K, Gobeil SMC, Janowska K, Stalls V, Kopp M, Cai F, Lee E, Foulger A, Hernandez GE, Sanzone A, Tilahun K, Jiang C, Tse LV, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Cronin K, Gee-Lai V, Deyton M, Barr M, Von Holle T, Macintyre AN, Stover E, Feldman J, Hauser BM, Caradonna TM, Scobey TD, Rountree W, Wang Y, Moody MA, Cain DW, DeMarco CT, Denny TN, Woods CW, Petzold EW, Schmidt AG, Teng IT, Zhou T, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Graham BS, Moore IN, Seder R, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Montefiori DC, Sempowski GD, Baric RS, Acharya P, Haynes BF, Saunders KO. In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies. Cell 2021; 184:4203-4219.e32. [PMID: 34242577 PMCID: PMC8232969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against COVID-19. A concern regarding SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is whether they mediate disease enhancement. Here, we isolated NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike from individuals with acute or convalescent SARS-CoV-2 or a history of SARS-CoV infection. Cryo-electron microscopy of RBD and NTD antibodies demonstrated function-specific modes of binding. Select RBD NAbs also demonstrated Fc receptor-γ (FcγR)-mediated enhancement of virus infection in vitro, while five non-neutralizing NTD antibodies mediated FcγR-independent in vitro infection enhancement. However, both types of infection-enhancing antibodies protected from SARS-CoV-2 replication in monkeys and mice. Three of 46 monkeys infused with enhancing antibodies had higher lung inflammation scores compared to controls. One monkey had alveolar edema and elevated bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cytokines. Thus, while in vitro antibody-enhanced infection does not necessarily herald enhanced infection in vivo, increased lung inflammation can rarely occur in SARS-CoV-2 antibody-infused macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kartik Manne
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura L Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas H Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Lautaro G Perez
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sophie M C Gobeil
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Victoria Stalls
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Megan Kopp
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fangping Cai
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Esther Lee
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew Foulger
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Giovanna E Hernandez
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aja Sanzone
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kedamawit Tilahun
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chuancang Jiang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth Cronin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Victoria Gee-Lai
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Margaret Deyton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tarra Von Holle
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erica Stover
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Blake M Hauser
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Trevor D Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Petzold
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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33
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Yu C, Littleton S, Giroux NS, Mathew R, Ding S, Kalnitsky J, Yang Y, Petzold E, Chung HA, Rivera GO, Rotstein T, Xi R, Ko ER, Tsalik EL, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, Burke TW, McClain MT, Woods CW, Shen X, Saban DR. Mucosal-associated invariant T cell responses differ by sex in COVID-19. Med 2021; 2:755-772.e5. [PMID: 33870241 PMCID: PMC8043578 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphisms in immune responses contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but the mechanisms governing this disparity remain incompletely understood. METHODS We carried out sex-balanced sampling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals with confirmed COVID-19, uninfected close contacts, and healthy control individuals for 36-color flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. FINDINGS Our results revealed a pronounced reduction of circulating mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in infected females. Integration of published COVID-19 airway tissue datasets suggests that this reduction represented a major wave of MAIT cell extravasation during early infection in females. Moreover, MAIT cells from females possessed an immunologically active gene signature, whereas cells from males were pro-apoptotic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a female-specific protective MAIT cell profile, potentially shedding light on reduced COVID-19 susceptibility in females. FUNDING This work was supported by NIH/NIAID (U01AI066569 and UM1AI104681), the Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA; N66001-09-C-2082 and HR0011-17-2-0069), the Veterans Affairs Health System, and Virology Quality Assurance (VQA; 75N93019C00015). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the National Institutes of Health. COVID-19 samples were processed under Biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) with aerosol management enhancement or BSL-3 in the Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, which received partial support for construction from NIH/NIAID (UC6AI058607).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sejiro Littleton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas S Giroux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joan Kalnitsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth Petzold
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hong A Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Grecia O Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tomer Rotstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Emily R Ko
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ephraim L Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas W Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Micah T McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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34
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McCarthy KR, Von Holle TA, Sutherland LL, Oguin TH, Sempowski GD, Harrison SC, Moody MA. Differential immune imprinting by influenza virus vaccination and infection in nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026752118. [PMID: 34074774 PMCID: PMC8201799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026752118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune memory of a first infection with influenza virus establishes a lasting imprint. Recall of that memory dominates the response to later infections or vaccinations by antigenically drifted strains. Early childhood immunization before infection may leave an imprint with different characteristics. We report here a comparison of imprinting by vaccination and infection in a small cohort of nonhuman primates (NHPs). We assayed serum antibody responses for binding with hemaglutinnins (HAs) both from the infecting or immunizing strain (H3 A/Aichi 02/1968) and from strains representing later H3 antigenic clusters ("forward breadth") and examined the effects of defined HA mutations on serum titers. Initial exposure by infection elicited strong HA-binding and neutralizing serum antibody responses but with little forward breadth; initial vaccination with HA from the same strain elicited a weaker response with little neutralizing activity but considerable breadth of binding, not only for later H3 HAs but also for HA of the 2009 H1 new pandemic virus. Memory imprinted by infection, reflected in the response to two immunizing boosts, was largely restricted (as in humans) to the outward-facing HA surface, the principal region of historical variation. Memory imprinted by immunization showed exposure to more widely distributed epitopes, including sites that have not varied during evolution of the H3 HA but that yield nonneutralizing responses. The mode of initial exposure thus affects both the strength of the response and the breadth of the imprint; design of next-generation vaccines will need to take the differences into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R McCarthy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tarra A Von Holle
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Laura L Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Thomas H Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Stephen C Harrison
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710;
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710
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35
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Heggestad JT, Kinnamon DS, Olson LB, Liu J, Kelly G, Wall SA, Oshabaheebwa S, Quinn Z, Fontes CM, Joh DY, Hucknall AM, Pieper C, Anderson JG, Naqvi IA, Chen L, Que LG, Oguin T, Nair SK, Sullenger BA, Woods CW, Burke TW, Sempowski GD, Kraft BD, Chilkoti A. Multiplexed, quantitative serological profiling of COVID-19 from blood by a point-of-care test. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg4901. [PMID: 34172447 PMCID: PMC8232907 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive, specific, and point-of-care (POC) serological assays are an essential tool to manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we report on a microfluidic POC test that can profile the antibody response against multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens-spike S1 (S1), nucleocapsid (N), and the receptor binding domain (RBD)-simultaneously from 60 μl of blood, plasma, or serum. We assessed the levels of antibodies in plasma samples from 31 individuals (with longitudinal sampling) with severe COVID-19, 41 healthy individuals, and 18 individuals with seasonal coronavirus infections. This POC assay achieved high sensitivity and specificity, tracked seroconversion, and showed good concordance with a live virus microneutralization assay. We can also detect a prognostic biomarker of severity, IP-10 (interferon-γ-induced protein 10), on the same chip. Because our test requires minimal user intervention and is read by a handheld detector, it can be globally deployed to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David S Kinnamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lyra B Olson
- Duke Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Garrett Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Simone A Wall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Solomon Oshabaheebwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zachary Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Cassio M Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Carl Pieper
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jack G Anderson
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ibtehaj A Naqvi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lingye Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Loretta G Que
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Oguin
- Department of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Smita K Nair
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas W Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Department of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bryan D Kraft
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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36
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Saunders KO, Lee E, Parks R, Martinez DR, Li D, Chen H, Edwards RJ, Gobeil S, Barr M, Mansouri K, Alam SM, Sutherland LL, Cai F, Sanzone AM, Berry M, Manne K, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Kapingidza AB, Azoitei M, Tse LV, Scobey TD, Spreng RL, Wes Rountree R, DeMarco CT, Denny TN, Woods CW, Petzold EW, Tang J, Oguin TH, Sempowski GD, Gagne M, Douek DC, Tomai MA, Fox CB, Seder R, Wiehe K, Weissman D, Pardi N, Golding H, Khurana S, Acharya P, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Moore IN, Montefiori DC, Baric RS, Haynes BF. Neutralizing antibody vaccine for pandemic and pre-emergent coronaviruses. Nature 2021; 594:553-559. [PMID: 33971664 PMCID: PMC8528238 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Betacoronaviruses caused the outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome, as well as the current pandemic of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)1-4. Vaccines that elicit protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and betacoronaviruses that circulate in animals have the potential to prevent future pandemics. Here we show that the immunization of macaques with nanoparticles conjugated with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, and adjuvanted with 3M-052 and alum, elicits cross-neutralizing antibody responses against bat coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (including the B.1.1.7, P.1 and B.1.351 variants). Vaccination of macaques with these nanoparticles resulted in a 50% inhibitory reciprocal serum dilution (ID50) neutralization titre of 47,216 (geometric mean) for SARS-CoV-2, as well as in protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Nucleoside-modified mRNAs that encode a stabilized transmembrane spike or monomeric receptor-binding domain also induced cross-neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV and bat coronaviruses, albeit at lower titres than achieved with the nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that current mRNA-based vaccines may provide some protection from future outbreaks of zoonotic betacoronaviruses, and provide a multimeric protein platform for the further development of vaccines against multiple (or all) betacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Correspondence: (B.F.H.) and (K.O.S.)
| | - Esther Lee
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sophie Gobeil
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura L. Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fangping Cai
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aja M. Sanzone
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kartik Manne
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin W. Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bianca M. Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anyway B. Kapingidza
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mihai Azoitei
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Trevor D. Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel L. Spreng
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R. Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C. Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N. Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Petzold
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juanjie Tang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Thomas H. Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A. Tomai
- Corporate Research Materials Lab, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN 55144, USA
| | | | - Robert Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Ian N. Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Correspondence: (B.F.H.) and (K.O.S.)
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37
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Williams WB, Meyerhoff RR, Edwards RJ, Li H, Manne K, Nicely NI, Henderson R, Zhou Y, Janowska K, Mansouri K, Gobeil S, Evangelous T, Hora B, Berry M, Abuahmad AY, Sprenz J, Deyton M, Stalls V, Kopp M, Hsu AL, Borgnia MJ, Stewart-Jones GBE, Lee MS, Bronkema N, Moody MA, Wiehe K, Bradley T, Alam SM, Parks RJ, Foulger A, Oguin T, Sempowski GD, Bonsignori M, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Seaman M, Santra S, Perfect J, Francica JR, Lynn GM, Aussedat B, Walkowicz WE, Laga R, Kelsoe G, Saunders KO, Fera D, Kwong PD, Seder RA, Bartesaghi A, Shaw GM, Acharya P, Haynes BF. Fab-dimerized glycan-reactive antibodies are a structural category of natural antibodies. Cell 2021; 184:2955-2972.e25. [PMID: 34019795 PMCID: PMC8135257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural antibodies (Abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. We studied the evolution of glycan-reactive B cells of rhesus macaques and humans using glycosylated HIV-1 envelope (Env) as a model antigen. 2G12 is a broadly neutralizing Ab (bnAb) that targets a conserved glycan patch on Env of geographically diverse HIV-1 strains using a unique heavy-chain (VH) domain-swapped architecture that results in fragment antigen-binding (Fab) dimerization. Here, we describe HIV-1 Env Fab-dimerized glycan (FDG)-reactive bnAbs without VH-swapped domains from simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected macaques. FDG Abs also recognized cell-surface glycans on diverse pathogens, including yeast and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike. FDG precursors were expanded by glycan-bearing immunogens in macaques and were abundant in HIV-1-naive humans. Moreover, FDG precursors were predominately mutated IgM+IgD+CD27+, thus suggesting that they originated from a pool of antigen-experienced IgM+ or marginal zone B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - R Ryan Meyerhoff
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kartik Manne
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Megan Kopp
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Allen L Hsu
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mario J Borgnia
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naomi Bronkema
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Todd Bradley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Seaman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John Perfect
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey M Lynn
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Avidea Technologies, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniela Fera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alberto Bartesaghi
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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38
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Guo H, Chou WC, Lai Y, Liang K, Tam J, Brickey WJ, Chen L, Montgomery ND, Li X, Bohannon LM, Sung AD, Chao NJ, Peled JU, Gomes AL, van den Brink MR, French MJ, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Tan X, Sartor RB, Lu K, Ting JP. Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.99.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ionizing-radiation causes acute radiation syndrome leading to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal and cerebrovascular injuries. Substantial federal efforts have been made to develop therapeutic radioprotectants for routine clinical use, however it remains a long-standing and unresolved problem.
We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal lifespans. These elite-survivors harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed post-radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae were associated with post-radiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. Metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The concentrations of these metabolites correlated with long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in pro-inflammatory responses.
The novelty of our work lies in the first identification of gut microbiota and downstream metabolites in providing protection against lethal radiation. Furthermore, our work provides a comprehensive omics dataset at the bacteria and metabolite levels that is of broad interest and serves as a powerful resource and example for the identification of actionable therapeutic targets derived from microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Yunjia Lai
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Li
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kun Lu
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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39
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Martinez DR, Schaefer A, Gobeil S, Li D, De la Cruz G, Parks R, Lu X, Barr M, Manne K, Mansouri K, Edwards RJ, Yount B, Anasti K, Montgomery SA, Shen S, Zhou T, Kwong PD, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Montefiori DC, Alam M, Sempowski GD, Wiehe K, Saunders KO, Acharya P, Haynes BF, Baric RS. A broadly neutralizing antibody protects against SARS-CoV, pre-emergent bat CoVs, and SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice. bioRxiv 2021:2021.04.27.441655. [PMID: 33948590 PMCID: PMC8095197 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.27.441655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) can cause deadly infections, underlining the importance of developing broadly effective countermeasures against Group 2B Sarbecoviruses, which could be key in the rapid prevention and mitigation of future zoonotic events. Here, we demonstrate the neutralization of SARS-CoV, bat CoVs WIV-1 and RsSHC014, and SARS-CoV-2 variants D614G, B.1.1.7, B.1.429, B1.351 by a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody DH1047. Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with DH1047 demonstrated protection against SARS-CoV, WIV-1, RsSHC014, and SARS-CoV-2 B1.351infection in mice. Binding and structural analysis showed high affinity binding of DH1047 to an epitope that is highly conserved among Sarbecoviruses. We conclude that DH1047 is a broadly neutralizing and protective antibody that can prevent infection and mitigate outbreaks caused by SARS-like strains and SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results argue that the RBD conserved epitope bound by DH1047 is a rational target for pan Group 2B coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandra Schaefer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sophie Gobeil
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kartik Manne
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Boyd Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shaunna Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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40
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Saunders KO, Lee E, Parks R, Martinez DR, Li D, Chen H, Edwards RJ, Gobeil S, Barr M, Mansouri K, Alam SM, Sutherland LL, Cai F, Sanzone AM, Berry M, Manne K, Kapingidza AB, Azoitei M, Tse LV, Scobey TD, Spreng RL, Rountree RW, DeMarco CT, Denny TN, Woods CW, Petzold EW, Oguin TH, Sempowski GD, Gagne M, Douek DC, Tomai MA, Fox CB, Seder R, Wiehe K, Weissman D, Pardi N, Acharya P, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Moore IN, Montefiori DC, Baric RS, Haynes BF. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces neutralizing antibodies against pandemic and pre-emergent SARS-related coronaviruses in monkeys. bioRxiv 2021:2021.02.17.431492. [PMID: 33619494 PMCID: PMC7899458 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.17.431492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Betacoronaviruses (betaCoVs) caused the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreaks, and now the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Vaccines that elicit protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and betaCoVs circulating in animals have the potential to prevent future betaCoV pandemics. Here, we show that immunization of macaques with a multimeric SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) nanoparticle adjuvanted with 3M-052-Alum elicited cross-neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, batCoVs and the UK B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 mutant virus. Nanoparticle vaccination resulted in a SARS-CoV-2 reciprocal geometric mean neutralization titer of 47,216, and robust protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaque upper and lower respiratory tracts. Importantly, nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding a stabilized transmembrane spike or monomeric RBD protein also induced SARS-CoV-1 and batCoV cross-neutralizing antibodies, albeit at lower titers. These results demonstrate current mRNA vaccines may provide some protection from future zoonotic betaCoV outbreaks, and provide a platform for further development of pan-betaCoV nanoparticle vaccines.
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41
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Edwards RJ, Mansouri K, Stalls V, Manne K, Watts B, Parks R, Janowska K, Gobeil SMC, Kopp M, Li D, Lu X, Mu Z, Deyton M, Oguin TH, Sprenz J, Williams W, Saunders KO, Montefiori D, Sempowski GD, Henderson R, Munir Alam S, Haynes BF, Acharya P. Cold sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:128-131. [PMID: 33402708 PMCID: PMC7878407 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-00547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, a primary target for COVID-19 vaccine development, presents its receptor binding domain in two conformations, the receptor-accessible 'up' or receptor-inaccessible 'down' states. Here we report that the commonly used stabilized S ectodomain construct '2P' is sensitive to cold temperatures, and this cold sensitivity is abrogated in a 'down' state-stabilized ectodomain. Our findings will impact structural, functional and vaccine studies that use the SARS-CoV-2 S ectodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Brian Watts
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rob Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Megan Kopp
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Lu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zekun Mu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wilton Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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42
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Guo H, Chou WC, Lai Y, Liang K, Tam JW, Brickey WJ, Chen L, Montgomery ND, Li X, Bohannon LM, Sung AD, Chao NJ, Peled JU, Gomes ALC, van den Brink MRM, French MJ, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Tan X, Sartor RB, Lu K, Ting JPY. Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites. Science 2020; 370:370/6516/eaay9097. [PMID: 33122357 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal life spans. These "elite-survivors" harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed after radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in both germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae were associated with postradiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. In our study in mice, metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The administration of these metabolites caused long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaixin Liang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Tam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W June Brickey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathan D Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren M Bohannon
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/BMT, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio L C Gomes
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenny P Y Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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43
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Lederer K, Castaño D, Gómez Atria D, Oguin TH, Wang S, Manzoni TB, Muramatsu H, Hogan MJ, Amanat F, Cherubin P, Lundgreen KA, Tam YK, Fan SHY, Eisenlohr LC, Maillard I, Weissman D, Bates P, Krammer F, Sempowski GD, Pardi N, Locci M. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Foster Potent Antigen-Specific Germinal Center Responses Associated with Neutralizing Antibody Generation. Immunity 2020; 53:1281-1295.e5. [PMID: 33296685 PMCID: PMC7680029 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The deployment of effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to eradicate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many licensed vaccines confer protection by inducing long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) and memory B cells (MBCs), cell types canonically generated during germinal center (GC) reactions. Here, we directly compared two vaccine platforms-mRNA vaccines and a recombinant protein formulated with an MF59-like adjuvant-looking for their abilities to quantitatively and qualitatively shape SARS-CoV-2-specific primary GC responses over time. We demonstrated that a single immunization with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA, but not with the recombinant protein vaccine, elicited potent SARS-CoV-2-specific GC B and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell responses as well as LLPCs and MBCs. Importantly, GC responses strongly correlated with neutralizing antibody production. mRNA vaccines more efficiently induced key regulators of the Tfh cell program and influenced the functional properties of Tfh cells. Overall, this study identifies SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines as strong candidates for promoting robust GC-derived immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn Lederer
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diana Castaño
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Daniela Gómez Atria
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas H Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sidney Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tomaz B Manzoni
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Hogan
- Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrick Cherubin
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Laurence C Eisenlohr
- Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michela Locci
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Giroux NS, Ding S, McClain MT, Burke TW, Petzold E, Chung HA, Palomino GR, Wang E, Xi R, Bose S, Rotstein T, Nicholson BP, Chen T, Henao R, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, Ko ER, Ginsburg GS, Kraft BD, Tsalik EL, Woods CW, Shen X. Chromatin remodeling in peripheral blood cells reflects COVID-19 symptom severity. bioRxiv 2020:2020.12.04.412155. [PMID: 33300002 PMCID: PMC7724678 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.04.412155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers highly variable host responses and causes varying degrees of illness in humans. We sought to harness the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) response over the course of illness to provide insight into COVID-19 physiology. We analyzed PBMCs from subjects with variable symptom severity at different stages of clinical illness before and after IgG seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2. Prior to seroconversion, PBMC transcriptomes did not distinguish symptom severity. In contrast, changes in chromatin accessibility were associated with symptom severity. Furthermore, single-cell analyses revealed evolution of the chromatin accessibility landscape and transcription factor motif occupancy for individual PBMC cell types. The most extensive remodeling occurred in CD14+ monocytes where sub-populations with distinct chromatin accessibility profiles were associated with disease severity. Our findings indicate that pre-seroconversion chromatin remodeling in certain innate immune populations is associated with divergence in symptom severity, and the identified transcription factors, regulatory elements, and downstream pathways provide potential prognostic markers for COVID-19 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Giroux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Micah T. McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Petzold
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hong A. Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Grecia R. Palomino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tomer Rotstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas N. Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily R. Ko
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan D. Kraft
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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45
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Thanh LT, Toffaletti DL, Tenor JL, Giamberardino C, Sempowski GD, Asfaw Y, Phan HT, Van Duong A, Trinh NM, Thwaites GE, Ashton PM, Chau NVV, Baker SG, Perfect JR, Day JN. Assessing the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans causing meningitis in HIV infected and uninfected patients in Vietnam. Med Mycol 2020; 58:1149-1161. [PMID: 32196550 PMCID: PMC7657091 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed a substantial burden of cryptococcal meningitis in Vietnam atypically arising in individuals who are uninfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This disease was associated with a single genotype of Cryptococcus neoformans (sequence type [ST]5), which was significantly less common in HIV-infected individuals. Aiming to compare the phenotypic characteristics of ST5 and non-ST5 C. neoformans, we selected 30 representative Vietnamese isolates and compared their in vitro pathogenic potential and in vivo virulence. ST5 and non-ST5 organisms exhibited comparable characteristics with respect to in vitro virulence markers including melanin production, replication at 37°C, and growth in cerebrospinal fluid. However, the ST5 isolates had significantly increased variability in cellular and capsular sizing compared with non-ST5 organisms (P < .001). Counterintuitively, mice infected with ST5 isolates had significantly longer survival with lower fungal burdens at day 7 than non-ST5 isolates. Notably, ST5 isolates induced significantly greater initial inflammatory responses than non-ST5 strains, measured by TNF-α concentrations (P < .001). Despite being generally less virulent in the mouse model, we hypothesize that the significant within strain variation seen in ST5 isolates in the tested phenotypes may represent an evolutionary advantage enabling adaptation to novel niches including apparently immunocompetent human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Tuan Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Africa Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dena L Toffaletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer L Tenor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles Giamberardino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yohannes Asfaw
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hai Trieu Phan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Africa Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Van Duong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Africa Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Mai Trinh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Africa Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Africa Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip M Ashton
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Africa Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stephen G Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy N Day
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Africa Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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46
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Heggestad JT, Kinnamon DS, Olson LB, Liu J, Kelly G, Wall SA, Fontes CM, Joh DY, Hucknall AM, Pieper C, Naqvi IA, Chen L, Que LG, Oguin T, Nair SK, Sullenger BA, Woods CW, Sempowski GD, Kraft BD, Chilkoti A. Multiplexed, quantitative serological profiling of COVID-19 from a drop of blood by a point-of-care test. medRxiv 2020:2020.11.05.20226654. [PMID: 33173900 PMCID: PMC7654894 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive, specific, and point-of-care (POC) serological assays are an essential tool to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report on a microfluidic, multiplexed POC test that can profile the antibody response against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens - Spike S1 (S1), Nucleocapsid (N), and the receptor binding domain (RBD) - simultaneously from a 60 microliter drop of blood, plasma, or serum. We assessed the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in plasma samples from 19 individuals (at multiple time points) with COVID-19 that required admission to the intensive care unit and from 10 healthy individuals. This POC assay shows good concordance with a live virus microneutralization assay, achieved high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%), and successfully tracked the longitudinal evolution of the antibody response in infected individuals. We also demonstrated that we can detect a chemokine, IP-10, on the same chip, which may provide prognostic insight into patient outcomes. Because our test requires minimal user intervention and is read by a handheld detector, it can be globally deployed in the fight against COVID-19 by democratizing access to laboratory quality tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David S Kinnamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Lyra B Olson
- Duke Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Garrett Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Simone A Wall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Cassio M Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710 USA
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Carl Pieper
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Ibtehaj A Naqvi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Lingye Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Loretta G Que
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Thomas Oguin
- Department of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Smita K Nair
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Department of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Department of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Bryan D Kraft
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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47
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Laczkó D, Hogan MJ, Toulmin SA, Hicks P, Lederer K, Gaudette BT, Castaño D, Amanat F, Muramatsu H, Oguin TH, Ojha A, Zhang L, Mu Z, Parks R, Manzoni TB, Roper B, Strohmeier S, Tombácz I, Arwood L, Nachbagauer R, Karikó K, Greenhouse J, Pessaint L, Porto M, Putman-Taylor T, Strasbaugh A, Campbell TA, Lin PJC, Tam YK, Sempowski GD, Farzan M, Choe H, Saunders KO, Haynes BF, Andersen H, Eisenlohr LC, Weissman D, Krammer F, Bates P, Allman D, Locci M, Pardi N. A Single Immunization with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicits Strong Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice. Immunity 2020; 53:724-732.e7. [PMID: 32783919 PMCID: PMC7392193 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has emerged as a serious global pandemic. Because of the high transmissibility of the virus and the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19, developing effective and safe vaccines is a top research priority. Here, we provide a detailed evaluation of the immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA (mRNA-LNP) vaccines encoding the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or the spike receptor binding domain in mice. We demonstrate that a single dose of these vaccines induces strong type 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, as well as long-lived plasma and memory B cell responses. Additionally, we detect robust and sustained neutralizing antibody responses and the antibodies elicited by nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines do not show antibody-dependent enhancement of infection in vitro. Our findings suggest that the nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccine platform can induce robust immune responses and is a promising candidate to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Laczkó
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Hogan
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sushila A Toulmin
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katlyn Lederer
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian T Gaudette
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana Castaño
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas H Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amrita Ojha
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Lizhou Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Zekun Mu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tomaz B Manzoni
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brianne Roper
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - István Tombácz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslee Arwood
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katalin Karikó
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Farzan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Laurence C Eisenlohr
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Allman
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michela Locci
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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48
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McClain MT, Constantine FJ, Henao R, Liu Y, Tsalik EL, Burke TW, Steinbrink JM, Petzold E, Nicholson BP, Rolfe R, Kraft BD, Kelly MS, Sempowski GD, Denny TN, Ginsburg GS, Woods CW. Dysregulated transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the periphery support novel diagnostic approaches. medRxiv 2020:2020.07.20.20155507. [PMID: 32743603 PMCID: PMC7386527 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20155507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate novel aspects of the host response to SARS-CoV-2 we performed RNA sequencing on peripheral blood samples across 77 timepoints from 46 subjects with COVID-19 and compared them to subjects with seasonal coronavirus, influenza, bacterial pneumonia, and healthy controls. Early SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a conserved transcriptomic response in peripheral blood that is heavily interferon-driven but also marked by indicators of early B-cell activation and antibody production. Interferon responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrate unique patterns of dysregulated expression compared to other infectious and healthy states. Heterogeneous activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways are present in early COVID-19, as are IL1 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, that persist into late disease. Classifiers based on differentially expressed genes accurately distinguished SARS-CoV-2 infection from other acute illnesses (auROC 0.95). The transcriptome in peripheral blood reveals unique aspects of the immune response in COVID-19 and provides for novel biomarker-based approaches to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah T McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Ricardo Henao
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Yiling Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ephraim L Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Thomas W Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Julie M Steinbrink
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elizabeth Petzold
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Robert Rolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Bryan D Kraft
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew S Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center
| | | | | | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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49
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Sempowski GD, Saunders KO, Acharya P, Wiehe KJ, Haynes BF. Pandemic Preparedness: Developing Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies For COVID-19. Cell 2020; 181:1458-1463. [PMID: 32492407 PMCID: PMC7250787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that causes COVID-19 respiratory syndrome has caused global public health and economic crises, necessitating rapid development of vaccines and therapeutic countermeasures. The world-wide response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented with government, academic, and private partnerships working together to rapidly develop vaccine and antibody countermeasures. Many of the technologies being used are derived from prior government-academic partnerships for response to other emerging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Sempowski
- Department of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Department of Surgery, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Department of Surgery, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin J Wiehe
- Department of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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50
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Schwartz A, Stiegel M, Greeson N, Vogel A, Thomann W, Brown M, Sempowski GD, Alderman TS, Condreay JP, Burch J, Wolfe C, Smith B, Lewis S. Decontamination and Reuse of N95 Respirators with Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor to Address Worldwide Personal Protective Equipment Shortages During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Appl Biosaf 2020; 25:67-70. [PMID: 36035079 PMCID: PMC9387741 DOI: 10.1177/1535676020919932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Schwartz
- Occupational & Environmental Safety Office, Duke University & Health System, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Family Medicine & Community Health, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Stiegel
- Occupational & Environmental Safety Office, Duke University & Health System, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Family Medicine & Community Health, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Greeson
- Occupational & Environmental Safety Office, Duke University & Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Vogel
- National Biosafety & Biocontainment Training Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Thomann
- Occupational & Environmental Safety Office, Duke University & Health System, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Family Medicine & Community Health, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monte Brown
- Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Burch
- Duke School of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cameron Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Becky Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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